This article is from 2017 – if you are looking for information on the latest Budget (2019) which will be announced in October 2018 – look here – Budget 2019 Ireland
Budget 2018 is due to be announced on Tuesday October 10th 2017. This is a summary of what we think might happen.
Update :For details of exactly what happened in Budget 2018 go Here
The 2018 Budget will be overseen by the new Finance Minister Paschal Donohoe , who was appointed in June.
The government estimate , back in Feb 2017 , of the net “fiscal space” available for Budget 2018 was €1.2 billion. But , whilst Budget 2018 is expected to allow for at least a €1.2 billion “adjustment ” , the real room for manoeuvre could be as little as €300 million because of the carry over effects of some measures from Budget 2017.
In a speech on June 28th , Taoiseach Leo Varadkar pointed out that there is a need to review existing spending programmes and if just 1% or 2% of the €53 billion state expenditure could be re-allocated we would have another billion to use. He called this the hidden ‘fiscal space’.
What can we expect to be announced in Budget 2018 ?
It’s getting closer and here is our list of some of the possibilites for Budget 2018
USC reductions – with possible balancing income tax increases for higher earners. There could be the start of kind of merger of the USC and pay-related social insurance (PRSI) – which might mean more people paying PRSI but less paying USC.
USC for over 70’s – a decision will need to be made about the current reduced rate of USC . It will either be extended past it’s current end date of 2017 or allowed to end.
Income Tax – Currently, PAYE workers pay the higher rate of 40% when their earnings reach €33,800. There is the possibility of this threshold being increased. An increase to €34,800 would cost €178m.
Reducing the 20% standard income tax rate to 19% might also be an option – this is estimated to cost about €580 million.
Income tax bands have not changed since 2015 – so theory could be increased which would mean cuts in Income Tax .
Inheritance Tax – the threshold of €310,000 will be increased again for parent – child inheritances towards the promised target of €500k.
Medical Cards : Health Minister Simon Harris has hinted at a widening of the eligibility for medical cards – or at least GP visit cards. This might involve a raising of the income thresholds.
Further income tax reductions for the self employed by increasing the “Earned Income Credit” by at least €350.
Mortgage Interest Relief – we expect to hear details of how this will be extended for current recipients beyond the current 2017 end date.
Diesel : There might be a start to a phased increase on the excise duty on Diesel to gradually bring it in line with petrol . This could increase the price by as much as 3c a litre in 2018.
A 2% cut to DIRT – (as promised in Budget 2017)
Sugar Tax details are expected to be announced for the sugar tax to probably begin in April 2018
Tobacco – excise duty will probably be increased again in Budget 2018
Duty on alcohol has not risen for a few years – so maybe 2018 is the year it will go up?
Corporation Tax – No change from the current 12.5%
School Transport – possible changes to bus fares .
Welfare and Pensions
There will probably be small increases to pensions and benefits across the board. Maybe as much as €5 a week . Any increases will probably not take effect from January 2018 – but could kick in from March or April or even later in the year.
A restoration of the telephone allowance is also a possibility .
The Welfare and Pensions Christmas Bonus will probably be retained at 85% – or more.
A new Working Family Payment was promised back in 2016 – so we finally expect to hear some details about this in Budget 2108
Land tax on vacant sites could be introduced to encourage house building.
Incentives for landlords – such as restoring the 100% mortgage interest deductibility or simplifying tax rules on rental properties.
Possible Tax Incentives to encourage the building of affordable housing.
VAT – the IMF have suggested increasing VAT on items that are currently lower rated for VAT. Retailers are asking for a cut of 3% to the standard VAT rate. Maybe we will get both?
Property Tax – this could be increased ; it has remained the same since it’s introduction. (The IMF have suggested it could be increased). The planned revaluation date is 2019 .
VRT relief on electric cars – the €5000 cap on VAT relief might be increased or even removed .
Student Loans – this has been on the back burner for a couple of years. Maybe 2018 is the year it begins?
Updated October 9th
We will keep this page updated with any Budget 2018 related news as we hear about it. See here for a Summary of Budget 2018
Categories: Budget 2017, Budget 2018
Tags: Budget 2018
40 thoughts on “Budget 2018 – What we Know So Far”
Orla Naughton on June 26, 2017 at 19:53 said:
(Comment edited to remover personal deails)
We badly need a rent to buy scheme or affordable housing scheme and I work with the Homelessness Voluntary and you need to do both not just 1 that will bring argument on both side of the coin.
Also I think work experience like what I do should get increase in the money if you are doing this type of thing and maybe get people into work experience placement that most important that they like and capable of doing and help them into a job from the work experience if possible.
Welfare should be risen because of the cost of things
My name is **** and my partner is **** and we are in a difficult situation which is if Paul parents dies in the morning even do he is in full – time employment he will be left without a home due to rent increase and also we did rent together and we would now like to get a mortgage to live together permanently.
The second problem is that he is been refused in the banks because I am in the National Learning Network in a course called career path old name fast – track where I am sitting exams and doing work experience in Retail to help me get a job and put my life together and I am doing well but I have till April 2018 to complete it and I have a job coach who help me with my decision and support me.
The reason why I am in Roslyn is due to Epilepsy and I have had no seizure in 6 years but I did take turns in the passed so I was let go from jobs and there is still a sigma against epileptic in Ireland.
I am tired telling the bank because all they ever say she not working both people have to be working I find this a form of discrimination because it should not matter if I am on welfare and if he is in full time – employment we are never trusted.
Kinds Regards
____________
Orla
stephen joyce on July 8, 2017 at 21:26 said:
they should bring back the moability allowance transport grants for older people and people with disability they are lost with out it i have a disability i need to update my car every now again too if i was working with the goverment i bring them back for good from stephen in galway
Louise Everitt on July 14, 2017 at 13:06 said:
Children who leave primary school and are under age of 16 are not allowed or entitle to any dental treatment on medical card. Why? I am from Drogheda and rang louth dental hse section in dundalk and i was told my 14 year okd wasnt eligable for any treatment. Why do we have to wait until damage is irreparable? Surely its a human right. She needs fillings and a root canal treatment and if its not carried out she will have to get them out. Its a disgrace
Sarah W on September 14, 2017 at 16:01 said:
Free Dental Care is not a human right!! Jaysus guys we need to get a grip and take some personal responsibility!! Its not upto the government/exchequer to pay for all of this stuff for us! i need loads of simular dental work, its not done coz i cant afford it! Thats not the governments/Tax payers fault, and its certainly not their fault that i didnt mind my teeth well enough before they got to this stage!
Imelda McCarthy on July 15, 2017 at 10:56 said:
I think the bin weight charges are probably the way it should be done in a perfect world but in the real world it is going to lead to fly dumping.
The bin charges should be incorporated into the household charge.
That way everyone would have a bin and everyone would be contributing towards the costs of waste disposal. Weight the bins and offer people a discount based on that.
The collection of the bins should then be put up for tender for different localities, stopping two or more bin trucks visiting the same village/areas – thus cutting down on pollution from heavy vehicles.
Lizzie Csizma on July 25, 2017 at 08:27 said:
Theyvshould cone up with sonething for those who can prove they have paid rent and not missed a payment to get a mortgage even if only one is working. The mortgage per month is less than current rent in our case yet we are not eligible for a mortgage as they take rent payment as an expense. I am not on social welfare yet we manage, my husband is in full time employment. According to the bank we’d have to have €2000 a month left on the account to be eligible. If I had that much left over I wouldn’t need a mortgage!
Mila on October 6, 2017 at 16:10 said:
I agree with you. It’s a joke when your rent is higher than mortgage and banks refused a mortgage…..Where is a logic ??????So many people could get the houseslong time ago and not pay this stupid rent. …..I think government is interesting in this
Joan on August 17, 2017 at 06:41 said:
Any news about Christmas bonus for this year?
Arnold devine on September 3, 2017 at 23:49 said:
Christmas bonus sure if u contribute nothing to the exchequer why should u receive an extra
Payment from the tax payer
Jimmy Horgan on September 10, 2017 at 15:19 said:
see my answer to you on Sept 9th.
Linda Comerford on October 8, 2017 at 23:19 said:
I had to leave my career to care for my son who has cerebral palsy, is profoundly deaf, has limited vision, has profound speech and language difficulties, has a moderate intellectual disability among other issues. I care for him 24/7 365 days a year and will do till the day I die. I don’t get any respite. Carers save the state billions every year and yet we are classed as scroungers!! I hope disability never knocks on your door
James buchanan on September 5, 2017 at 19:06 said:
Restore full Christmas bonus and reduce 20 cigarettes by 5 euros
Money Guide on September 5, 2017 at 19:19 said:
It would be a surprise if cigarettes were reduced. The best that smokers can probaly hope for is that they don’t increase them again this year.
Michael on September 22, 2017 at 10:01 said:
Reduce VAT on grey tracksuit bottoms.
Alan on October 6, 2017 at 14:23 said:
We see you contribute to society anyways!!
sheila on September 7, 2017 at 20:38 said:
Any suggestion of CGT cuts for sales of houses to encourage sales of vacant properties?
allie maloney on September 8, 2017 at 09:52 said:
thanks a mil for de info, rly enjoiyed reading it ha ha
Jim Horgan on September 9, 2017 at 17:20 said:
Dear Arnold Devine,
You must be living in a dream world, there isn’t an adult or child in this country who doesn’t contribute to the exchequer.
To make my point check out the VAT Rate on sweets and Ice cream for starters and the taxes that KIDS are paying on their way home from school. Welfare or not we are all paying VAT, Waste, Property Tax and the list goes on and on and on………………Wake up Kiddo open your eyes. I hope you never have to try to survive on some of the welfare payments in this country.
Michael on September 22, 2017 at 09:58 said:
Jim Horgan,
That’s a silly argument I see all the time, if you’re on welfare your money comes from the state, (If youre a child all your money comes from your parents) either way there is only one way to make money and that’s to work.
If the working population of Ireland give 2bn to those on social welfare and then the social welfare recipients pay 100million of that back to the exchequer in taxes its very misleading to say that people on social welfare have paid 100m in tax.
It would be fairer to say that they’ve contributed nothing and they just take.
Its more accurate to say that they’ve gotten 1.9bn from the state.
Caroline on October 1, 2017 at 20:33 said:
For a start, the state still operates as in old times when only 1 parent (mostly the man of the house) was going to work to provide for the family while the other parent cared for the house and children. Even today, once you become parents, unless you can afford scandalous childcare charges, one of the parents eventually ends up at home to mind the kids, running around school runs. Part time education is a real issue, pre schools finish around 12:30pm, Junior/seniors at 1:30pm, primary at 2:30pm, and then secondary……Where is one to find that dream job in between those hours, worst for those outside Dublin (the outside world); top that if you’re separated and become a one parent family. Yes, you used to work and pay your taxes like everyone but suddenly you need support. Going back to work would be fantastic but right now, there are those school runs, illnesses, holiday weeks every 5-6weeks and summer holidays…. where can you find that dream job where you can finally repay society and start paying your way again? Not every single parent has families or friends close by to help. I’m in that situation, not by choice, shit happens and I’m grateful for the state to offer me some support and I pray that when I’m finally able to return to work that employers won’t turn their back on me now because of my extra responsibilities and because I lost those few work experience years. I could still need more help with my mortgage for example but because I’m not renting, I don’t get support there. Fair? But, no, being unemployed is not always by choice or laziness. Thank your lucky star that you are able to provide for yourself, I wish I could, it’s humiliating. But remember it could happen to you and then you will be glad there are people like you who contributes so that you can survive. This is what society is about. One for all and all for one, not all for themselves.
James buchanan on October 3, 2017 at 15:04 said:
Here here
Arnold devine on October 8, 2017 at 21:40 said:
Sorry I am wide awake the social welfare recepiepts can afford holidays new cars medical card their children receive transport waivers for school buses the list is endless everyone pays vat but they don’t have to pay tax usc prsi the working poor pay for it the pension time bomb is upon us the work force can’t keep the dole going over
Paddy Ryan on September 12, 2017 at 11:54 said:
My Bin Collection Company (Ryan Brothers, Thurles) has been sending me a bill for government imposed Landfill Levy. I am paying a tag charge for each collection (5euro for recycling and 10euro for waste). The tag charge was the original deal and I am honoring this, but I am ignoring and refusing to pay the Landfill Levy. Please let me know if it is a legal charge on a pensioner living alone.
Mila on September 15, 2017 at 16:55 said:
What about childcare? Are they gonna increase or no? It’s not enough 140 euro pet month to pay 1000 for creche…..😣😣😣it’s a shame to Ireland….
Sinead on September 23, 2017 at 07:44 said:
I’m sorry, did nobody tell you having children costs money? There are far more important issues to be addressed by the government. And yes, I understand the contribution you make by working and paying tax, but your kids are your responsibility. If you cant afford them, don’t have them. They are a choice, not a right.
Mila on September 28, 2017 at 16:58 said:
You are not human…. The government thinks more about lazy animals sitting years at home probably like you and receiving help from government …..
Kids its our and country future and they have to think about them as well….n
David on September 19, 2017 at 20:41 said:
Hi will the HTB scheme change in budget 2018?
If changes are made when would they come into effect?
Bill Lewis on September 20, 2017 at 18:01 said:
What about the senior citizens upper earning limit of €38,000 which was dispensed with and now seem conveniently forgotten?
James Sinton on September 26, 2017 at 11:46 said:
Read some of above comments regarding social welfare payments and unemployment rates with interest , sorry but you don’t realise how fortunate some of you people are, Xmas bonus,fuel allowance ect, I used to live in the UK, worked all my life was diagnose with cancer in 2010, unable to work, (was a bricklayer heavy manual labor) from having a decent working wage I was reduced to £90 a week yes £90 a week sickness benefit for me and my wife to live on or should I say survive on. no Xmas bonus or fuel allowance pleas count your blessings
Fed Up of ireland on September 29, 2017 at 13:22 said:
People on welfare who want to attend interviews in uk with view to gaining long-term successful employment should be assisted to so do by the Irish government
Jason on October 2, 2017 at 11:09 said:
If you’re that fed up, get a short term job (which there are plenty – bars, shops, data entry etc), work for a month, you’ll at least earn double the welfare payments. This money can then be used to travel for said interviews and also be beneficial for your CV. I don’t think the government should be responsible for funding people to find jobs in other countries. It would more than likely end up being abused and the new way of people to go on a holiday under the guise of having an “interview”. Not saying that’s what you’re going to do or anything but absolutely everything gets abused in relation to welfare. Be somewhat counter productive as well, using tax payers money to send a potential tax payer out of the country, where they will go on to pay taxes elsewhere. Yes, it would remove them for the welfare payments so it would possibly be less expensive in the long run, if the person was a long term recipient of welfare payments. I can understand your frustration in finding permanent full time work in this country, I was 9 months after I got graduated finding one. However I was easily able to find short term contracts while I waited. Best of luck with it anyway.
Fed Up of ireland on October 7, 2017 at 04:05 said:
@jason absolutely NOT going on holiday i have the email comma to prove i have legit interviews and believe me uk would NOT be my hols destination especially this time of the year
I prefer sunny climates with warmth florida or new york
I have tried locally for work and got knock backs so uk while it’s open i am going over i have previously been employed in ireland and i have to say initially thought i would be content long term secure but things change
Uk is also where my boyfriend of almost ten years is and before people judge me i don’t smoke use drugs i don’t drink in pubs and any drinking of alcohol is very small and infrequently
i don’t have a social life and my only real escape is youtube ón my phone or all4 app or even atc app
John Henderson on October 2, 2017 at 03:37 said:
Yis are all beauties 🙂
Helen G on October 3, 2017 at 15:56 said:
I would like to see an tax allowance given to workers who have to pay very high deposits and rent to secure accommodation. They are not entitled to claim anything if they were not renting before 2011. Rent allowances given to unemployed people come from the income tax of workers who are struggling to stay in accommodation themselves. They get no concessions on rent and enter the high rate of tax allowances at €34000 -a minimum wage for someone living in a city.
khurram on October 5, 2017 at 13:23 said:
We need rent to buy scheme, paying dead money in terms of rent which has no use. Need to think about the families with children specially in current situation where rent increase it highest percentage, next year will be worst and so on. If this situation is not taken care on time we will end up on social welfare if anything happen on working hours. this is the time when most family members are on job and situation gets worst in case or losing job.
Mila on October 6, 2017 at 16:17 said:
The government has to do something with rent. It not human. I have to give all my salary for a rent…. If it will continue to grow up prices on a rent we will all stay on a street and will be homeless .Why Ireland has the highest prices on a rent in Europe????
FrenchDudeLovinIrelandAndIrishPeople on October 7, 2017 at 20:51 said:
Legalize abortion in this country seriously.
Kids are the future of the country => Agreed but having kids young is a pure stupidity. We are 2017, nearly 2018. The cost of living is not the same as it was 30~50 years ago. Having children has a cost. It has been roughly estimated to almost half a million by the time they reach 25 years old. And that’s just for your kid, count yourself and your partner needs and leisures, housing, transport or car etc … Yes you got it. If you get kids these days before 32~35 you’re a complete idiot disconnected from the reality.
Yes there are risks having them on the verge to 40’s but still if you stay healthy you can do it until that stage and at that stage, you should have worked your ass off with your partner, develop yourself, had several investments because money from jobs is no longer enough, push your studies or certifications or whatsoever so you get the best job in the best company as possible. By that time you a lot of resources money either saved or available from different sources that’s when you can estimate yourself ready for having kids.
We are always better served by ourselves. Why counting on states etc… Man retirement plan and pension may disappear anytime soon, why the fuck would you take silly decision to have kids too early? Enjoying facepalm yourself ?
What people said before about that, they are not inhuman, they are realistic. They don’t fucking stand in front of TV doing nothing productive. They work, they research, they think, they try to not rely on any benefits from States or whatsoever, they work hard towards some goals, projects. That’s what everybody these days MUST do.
Kids are important but they have a cost to not take very lightly. Once you have them you will be slowed down to your own progress because it’s another extra full time job and it costs a lot as well. It’s cool to have the mindset ready for parenting but it’s completely retarded to think that it is ok to have them early and by coping with it, everything will get sorted. That’s a huge lie. You will screw yourself even more because you were entirely prepared for it.
Patience is a virtue.
Regarding rent I do agree, this is ridiculous and there are still tons of abandoned house. Government should consider to remove some cost and fees such as construction permit if someone buy a land. That doesn’t make sense that someone has to pay for building permit or work permit when they paid for owning a land. They should be able to do whatever the ###k they want once they bought it.
Government should also stop to help landlord to do works on their property to modernist them because at the end the landlords just increase the price even higher.
The rental costs are ridiculously high and the ratio quality/price is one of the worst in Europe easy. Architects there I don’t where they got their diploma but encased building in bedroom and other rooms is has been and set up limitation and locks up completely creativity and re-usability. That’s also another problem.
Why people would spend 250k for dumps that are not even half of it ? Just because of the location? No I’m sorry but Irish government must set up a high standard for any kind of accommodation and a price range with penalties system if that’s not right.
Even the detached house, when you look at them, half a million sometimes even more, but please there are very few of them that did even cost something close to 80k. Greed has to be reduced for the housing. The more new owners and the bigger diversity of owners we’ll have in the country the better the whole economy will be.
Fiona on October 21, 2017 at 13:34 said:
Is there a incerese of the living alone allawance or is that just phone allawance and fuel allawance
Martin Hoey on October 8, 2017 at 17:40 said:
increasing diesel only leads to higher transport costs so goods prices increase bus and train fares increase its a no brainer better to give a rebate to haulage and bus firms to offset the increase
Jane Gatto on October 13, 2017 at 20:43 said:
I am in disability allowance and I am doing Social Studies in Moate Business College and I applied for back to education to help me with petrol and until today I never get it and the social wrote to me saying I am qualifying for BTE Can you give me more information of what to do or when are they giving,
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These Are The Measuring Tools You Need For Cooking 1 To measure small volumes: measuring spoons. 2 To measure liquid ingredients: measuring jug. 3 To measure dry ingredients: measuring cups. 4 To measure weight: digital weighing scale. 5 To measure heat: meat and oven thermometers. 6 To measure time: timers.
What are the measuring tools and equipment used in baking?
Dry Measuring Cups. Liquid Measuring Cups. Measuring Spoons. Mixing Bowls. Slotted Spoons. Digital Scales. Hanging Scales. Instant-Read Thermometer.
What are 3 types of measuring in baking?
The three basic tools used to measure ingredients in cooking are: Measuring spoons. Dry measuring cups. Liquid measuring cups.
What measurements are used in baking?
1 cup = 8 fluid ounces = 1/2 pint. 2 cups = 16 fluid ounces = 1 pint. 4 cups = 32 fluid ounces = 2 pints = 1 quart. 8 cups = 64 fluid ounces = 4 pints.
What are the 5 types of measuring tools?
5 Measurement Tools Every Workshop Needs Tape Measure. A well-worn tape measure signifies a builder who takes their work seriously. Speed Square. A speed square can be found on the hip of carpenters and DIYers everywhere. Protractor. Mechanical Carpenter’s Pencil. Laser Measure.
What are the example of measuring tools?
Calipers. Calipers are used to accurately measure the distance between two sides of something. Micrometer. In many ways, a micrometer is quite similar to a caliper in its design. Laser Measure. Ruler. Measuring Tape. Tailor’s Measuring Tape. Level. Protractor.
What is the importance of measuring tools in baking?
It’s important to have accurate measurements when you bake. One of these kitchen supplies isn’t acceptable for both water and flour. While it’s easy to pour a liquid up to the correct measurement line, it’s much more difficult to accurately pour a dry ingredient into said cup. Scoops are much more accurate.
How do you measure flour for baking?
Stir your flour in case it is packed tightly into its container. Then, use a spoon and lightly spoon the flour into your measuring cup. Use a flat straight edge (like the straight back of a knife) to level off the top of the flour. Repeat until you have a smooth (not pock-marked) flour surface.
How can I measure a cup without a measuring tool?
What Can I Use Instead of Measuring Cups? 1/8 teaspoon is about one good pinch between your thumb and both your forefinger and middle finger. 1/4 teaspoon is about two good pinches between your thumb and both your forefinger and middle finger. A teaspoon is about the size of the tip of your finger (joint to tip).
What is the first step in measuring flour?
Here’s what you need to do: First, fluff up the flour in the bag or canister. Flour settles easily, becoming tightly packed inside a bag or jar. Second, spoon the flour into the measuring cup. Then, scrape a knife across the top of the measuring cup to level the flour.
What is 1 cup of all purpose flour in grams?
150 g All-purpose flour Bread Flour 1 cup = 150 g ½ cup = 75 g 1⁄3 cup = 50 g ¼ cup = 37 g Cake & Pastry Flour.
How do you convert baking measurements?
Kitchen Measurement Conversions 3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon. 1-1/2 teaspoons = 1/2 tablespoon. 4 tablespoons = 1/4 cup. 8 tablespoons = 1/2 cup. 16 tablespoons = 1 cup. 1 cup = 1/2 pint. 2 cups = 1 pint. 4 cups = 1 quart.
What are the two basic types of measuring tools?
There are many different types of measuring tools. – RULER. The most common, and the best known, piece of measuring equipment. – PROTRACTOR. In geometry, a protractor is a circular or semicircular tool for measuring an angle or a circle. – CALIPERS. – SLIDE CALIPER. – VERNIER CALIPER. – MICROMETER.
What is the most popular type of measuring tools?
Tape measures are probably the most commonly used measuring device of all measuring tools. These tools are simple yet effective and can be used to measure the length, width, height, or depth, of almost any object.
What are 3 devices used to measure angles?
The types of tools to measure angles fall into one of three categories: protractors, squares and compasses. There are many variations of these basic tools. A protractor is one of the most common tools to measure angles.
What is the basic measuring tool?
Some essential measuring tools (clockwise from center) include tape measure, combination square, micro rule, speed square, framing/steel square and long straight edge. It’s the essential measuring tool for a reason: though small in size, it’s useful on darn near every project.
What are the types of measuring?
You can see there are four different types of measurement scales (nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio). Each of the four scales, respectively, typically provides more information about the variables being measured than those preceding it.
What are preparatory tools?
Meat Preparation Tools are anything from Meat Mixer, Knives, Meat Lugs, Scales to Cleaners, basically anything that will help you make your meat processing job easier.
What tools are used to measure ingredients?
By now you’ve figured out there are three primary kitchen tools for measuring: measuring spoons, liquid measuring cups, and dry measuring cups. A kitchen scale is also helpful for measuring ingredients, as it can be used to measure pasta that doesn’t fit into measuring cups or for more precise amounts.
Is tool used to measure flour sugar and baking powder?
Graduated and adjustable measuring cups are used to measure dry ingredients, such as flour, sugar, oats, rice and solid ingredients, such as shortening and peanut butter.
What is the correct way of measuring liquid?
To measure liquids, place an appropriately sized liquid measuring cup on a flat, stable surface (don’t just hold it in your hand!). Pour in your liquid until it is just under the line. Squat or bend down so that your eye is exactly level with the graduation.
What are two ways to measure flour?
Here’s how to get a pretty accurate measurement without the use of a scale: Use a spoon to fluff up the flour within the container. Use a spoon to scoop the flour into the measuring cup. Use a knife or other straight edged utensil to level the flour across the measuring cup.
How many cups is 250g flour?
1½ cups WHITE FLOUR – GRAMS TO CUPS Grams Cups 250g 1½ cups + 1 tbsp 300g 1¾ cups + 2 tbsp 400g 2½ cups.


Elise Flitcroft was accused of using an ambulance like a taxi. Photo credit: Facebook / Elise Flitcroft
A UK teenager lost her baby just hours after hospital staff turned her away because they didn't believe she was actually giving birth, an inquest has found.
Nineteen-year-old Elise Flitcroft had called an ambulance and arrived at Royal Bolton Hospital in severe pain, but rather than admitting her, midwife Rukaiya Jamadar berated her for using an ambulance.
Ms Jamadar allegedly told Ms Flitcroft she'd wasted taxpayer money by using an ambulance, sarcastically asking the pregnant woman, "Do you know that taxi has just cost us £300?"
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Once an examination had been completed by a gynaecologist, Ms Jamadar told Ms Flitcroft, who at this stage was 23 weeks-pregnant, she probably just had a urinary infection.
She was sent home, but Ms Flitcroft had a breach birth on her bathroom floor less than three hours after the hospital visit, and despite being rushed back, the baby died in an incubator a matter of hours later.
Last week, the Coroner described Ms Jamadar's remark as "an extraordinarily insensitive thing to say to any patient".
Ms Flitcroft later said Ms Jamadar was "very arrogant and dismissive" despite her being in "severe pain" and feeling "very vulnerable".
Following the inquest, the hospital issued an apology to Ms Flitcroft, the baby's father McCauley Tatlock and the wider family.
"We are deeply sorry that our midwife may have caused distress during this difficult time," the statement read.
"I can assure you it is not policy, nor was it a directive to staff, that women in labour should be discouraged from using ambulances to attend hospital.
"Our midwife has apologised to the family for her comments, and lessons have been learnt for the future."
The hospital also said it was not its policy for pregnant women to be discouraged from using an ambulance.


Values throughout the main urban areas have flattened or declined over the three months to May, according to QV's latest statistics. Find out what's happening in the story below.
To view the areas, use the links below:
Auckland
Hamilton
Tauranga
Wellington
Christchurch
Dunedin
Auckland
Property values in the Auckland region increased by 8.8% over the past year (calculated over the three months ending May 2010 in comparison to the same period last year), down from the 9.5% annual growth reported in April. The average sale price for the region increased from $532,538 to $534,639.
Glenda Whitehead of QV Valuations said: "QV's numbers for the Auckland region predominantly show growth easing, and this represents the market movement over the year where growth has not been maintained. However, we need to keep this in context of current market direction. The Auckland Region's residential market is essentially flat, and has been since the beginning of the year."
"While it makes for relatively bland discussion in property circles, we get the feeling that some are comforted in knowing that the residential market is stable within the changing mix of other economic indicators. The Budget announcement has yet to have any noticeable impact, and may take months to show through. This may be appeasing the sentiment of some who were worried of the effects. We see no evidence that any major value adjustments will eventuate in the short term. We continue to note that there are pockets of the market which are stalling while others continue to perform well. No one size fits all in this market," Whitehead said.
"Within Auckland City, it appears to our valuers that the market is moving sideways, perhaps reflecting a lack of confidence in its short-term direction. QV valuers servicing Manukau City report continued activity in the low to medium price bracket suburbs at levels similar to recent months. A number of recent sales in the Papakura/Franklin area indicate a slight easing in values. This is perhaps caused by a lack of demand, or could be merely a seasonal variation. Pockets of these districts still have a number of mortgagee sales occurring, and enough volume of these sales in an area can depress values overall," Whitehead said.
"The North Shore market continues at a relatively steady pace, although some feedback received indicates that there is a little less buyer interest in properties at the upper end of the market," Whitehead said.
Hamilton
Property values in Hamilton increased by 1.7% over the past year (calculated over the three months ending May 2010 in comparison to the same period last year), down on the 2.7% annual growth reported in April. The average sale price for the city decreased from $357,200 to $350,722.
Richard Allen of QV Valuations said: "This is the third consecutive month where QV's year-on-year growth in Hamilton has declined, and it would not surprise if this downward trend continued through winter. This is due to a number of factors which include the confirmation of tax changes and the impact of those changes on investors, the likelihood that interest rates will increase in the near future, and the traditional winter malaise. We can expect demand to be dampened and growth in general to be stifled in Hamilton for the time being."
"During May, the only area which was exempt from easing growth was Hamilton South West, where year-on-year values actually increased from 0.7% to 0.9%. The largest decrease was South East Hamilton which decreased from 2.5 % to 0.4%, followed closely by the Central City/North West area. It appears there are some subtle differences in value trends between suburbs," Allen said.
Tauranga
Property values in Tauranga increased by 0.4% over the past year (calculated over the three months ending May 2010 in comparison to the same period last year), down slightly on the 0.6% annual growth reported in April. The average sale price for the region decreased from $412,080 to $409,376.
Shayne Donovan-Grammer of QV Valuations said; "The Tauranga region, in my view, is in a brittle state. In the recent past prices have eased back steadily, with a clear oversupply of properties on the market. To compound matters, activity is light, which is backed up from what I am hearing from fellow property professionals such as lawyers, bankers and real estate agents."
"The tax announcements haven't necessarily detracted investors further, but are just another compounding factor which suggests few purchases of new property by this sector," Donovan-Grammer said.
"On the upside for some, this is becoming a market suited to the first home buyer. Those who have bought over the last few years are struggling to get their money back and we've seen losses come through in the region of $30,000 to $50,000 for properties under the $400,000 mark. With top end properties, these losses are usually magnified. For example; a property in Omokoroa which sold for $1,240,000 in 2005 has sold in March for $890,000. A prime downtown Mt Maunganui property sold at the end of 2004 for $1,100,000 and sold again this year for $800,000. On Papamoa Beach Road a property which sold in 2006 for $900,000 has resold this year for $600,000. These examples represent some of the more extreme cases," he said.
Wellington
Property values in the Wellington region increased by 6.0% over the past year (calculated over the three months ending May 2010 in comparison to the same period last year), down on the 7.1% annual growth reported in April. The average sale price for the region decreased from $460,365 to $454,625.
Kerry Buckeridge of QV Valuations said: "Wellington's residential property market could be described as fairly deflated at present. Our most recent figures indicate that sales prices are easing back from those achieved late last year, while sales volumes remain modest."
"Feedback from the coalface supports this view. Owner-occupied property is faring best, although purchasers are becoming increasingly cheeky in their offers and are seeking serious bargains. I know of a real estate agent who recently sold several properties which had been lingering on his books for over six months. These properties only sold because the vendors were willing to accept offers $20,000 below their already adjusted asking prices," Buckeridge said.
"Since late last year, Wellington's investment property market has been very inactive, and this holds true for May. Not only are investors making up a tiny proportion of buyer enquiries, they are also not listing. This sector of the market seems intent on doing absolutely nothing for the time being, perhaps still assessing their options," he said.
"Wellington's central city apartment market is presenting interesting trends. We are noting owner-occupier demand for larger, quality apartments. By contrast, the market for smaller investment apartments is wallowing badly. I am hearing that some buyers who made off-the-plan deposits for new apartments are failing to settle. We could well see values in this sector ease as a result," Buckeridge said.
Christchurch
Property values in Christchurch increased by 6.2% over the past year (calculated over the three months ending May 2010 in comparison to the same period last year), down from the 6.9% annual growth reported in April. The average sale price for the city decreased from $367,688 to $359,597.
Melanie Swallow of QV Valuations said: "This latest decline of year-on-year growth for Christchurch's residential property market is evidence of the seasonal adjustment that we have been expecting to see."
"The average sale price has also dropped over May. This reinforces anecdotal reports from real estate agents that vendors are making small reductions in their asking prices, with properties being priced to sell. Properties that are not sharply priced tend to struggle," Swallow said.
"The budget announcements have had little effect on market activity at this point. There is still a lack of activity from the investor market sector, which could be good news for first home buyers. With less competition in the entry level part of the market we expect to see sales prices begin to soften. Now is also a good time to trade up as higher value properties need to be especially sharp with asking prices in order to attract interest," she said.
"We are heading into a typical winter market with the predicted easing in sale prices beginning to show in our sales figures. Overall sentiment in the market remains subdued," Swallow said.
Dunedin
Property values in Dunedin increased by 4.8% over the past year (calculated over the three months ending May 2010 in comparison to the same period last year), down from the 7.5% annual growth reported in April. The average sale price in Dunedin decreased from $275,142 to $269,848.
Tim Gibson of QV Valuations said: "QV's statistics for May indicate that Dunedin's values have eased since April. This reduction in values has been fairly consistent over all areas of Dunedin and can be called similar to those recorded in November last year."
"Property values in Dunedin are now on average 3.5% below the market peak of July 2007, although pockets of the market have been hit harder. For example, a Mosgiel house purchased late 2007 for $215,000 recently sold again for $195,000. This shows a reduction of 7% from the initial 2007 sale," Gibson said.
"The reduced number of active buyers in the market can be seen as the main reason for value decreases over May. Consequently, this lack of demand is causing sellers to be more realistic with their listing prices and expectations in general," he said.
"It is still too soon to see what implications the recently announced taxation changes will have on the local property market. Local real estate firms contacted have not seen a big influx of listings from concerned investors since the taxation changes, but they are still reporting low buyer demand for investment property," Gibson said.
Source: Landlords.co.nz
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The Chicano movement was a social, cultural and economic challenge to the status quo that was long in the making, with some of its major demands coming out of the more traditional Mexican American civil rights movement. It expressed itself through the affirming of identity and the rejection of second-class citizenship. Its goals were to create a sense of peoplehood for those of Mexican descent; to make American principles applicable to the barrios of the United States; to empower Mexican Americans politically, and to do it both collectively and individually. It also sought to provide space for the development of Mexican American leadership. Chicano—an old barrio term often associated with lower-class Mexican Americans—became the self-descriptor of the individuals who promoted the movement, and history became the main weapon to fight internal defeatism and social alienation. Movement activists initially did this through a cultural nationalist ideological filter that embraced the arts and letters and promoted a racial and ethnic communal identity. The movement’s exact beginning is difficult to ascertain, though it likely began in the early 1960s with the rise of the United Farm Workers (UFW) union of César Chavez in California and the land grant movement of Reies López Tijerina in New Mexico. These organizations provided the earliest cultural and rhetorical foundation for the movement, but it was the establishment of La Raza Unida Party in Texas and the Crusade for Justice in Colorado that expanded the social movement across the nation throughout the Southwest and parts of the Midwest. From these organizations came numerous offshoots with different goals that made the movement a collection of struggles rather than one monolithic movement. The movement’s strength lay in its ability to combine the grievances of young people with the history of discrimination and racism that was ingrained in the memories of older Mexican Americans. Chicana/o intellectuals and activists were able to create a “historical narrative” that meshed all these experiences and feelings and created an indictment of American society over its treatment of Mexican Americans. Activists did this through journals, newspapers, and manifestos, and through their circuit speakers who went throughout the Southwest and Midwest preaching the “Chicano gospel.” From the movement came Chicana/o art, literature, and Chicana/o studies; self-help groups; feminists; and a new wave of Mexican American political and social leaders. A political and judicial backlash, ideological exhaustion, and an opening in the more mainstream political system let to its decline but did not diminish its legacy.
General Overviews
The first major books to depict what was happening in the barrios of the Southwest in the 1960s were Chicano Manifesto (Rendon 1971) and Chicano Power (Castro 1974), written by journalists attracted to the explosion of activism by Mexican Americans. They were popular accounts, with Castro using numerous quotes from movement leaders and rank-and-file participants to tell a dramatic story, while Rendon’s Chicano Manifesto was more of a personal journey and discovery that spoke in a raw fashion to the anger and frustration that Mexican Americans were feeling in the 1960s. Both authors saw the movement as a passionate social catharsis that was less politics and more outrage. The first works to come from scholars focused on the students within the movement and argued that it was they who were the major catalyst for the upheaval in the barrios. While not autobiographical, these works (Gomez-Quiñones 1978, Muñoz 1989) drew much from the authors’ own movement experience. In fact, personal experience was one of the bonds that connected many of the early authors of the scholarship on the movement. Thus, these works tended to be passionate, partly autobiographical, and often with recommendations or prognoses. While initial accounts tended to see the movement as almost monolithic, the filmmaker Jesús Treviño chronicled a much more diverse movement in his memoir (Treviño 2001), as did Hector Galán in the first major documentary on the movement (Galán 1996). But few spoke to the diversity and the complications of the movement as did Chicana feminists and other scholars who critiqued the movement’s nationalism and some of its sexist strains. These scholars sought not only to place women as early participants, but often as stepchildren of the male-oriented activism (see García 1997 and Chávez 2002). But whatever their approach to writing about the movement, most all of the scholars have shared the same view: that it was passionate, diverse, influenced by a myriad of ideologies, and in some ways radically different from movements of the past, even while retaining some of their activist strains.
Castro, Tony. Chicano Power: The Emergence of Mexican America. New York: Saturday Review Press, 1974.
An outsider’s view of the Chicano movement that traces the Mexican American’s progression through disappointment, accommodation, and eventual radicalism.
Chávez, Ernesto. Mi Raza Primero! Nationalism, Identity, and Insurgency in the Chicano Movement in Los Angeles. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
Discusses four Chicano movement organizations in Los Angeles and their experimentation with cultural nationalism.
Galán, Hector. Chicano!: A History of the Mexican-American Civil Rights Movement. 4 Videos. Los Angeles: NLCC Educational Media, 1996.
The first documentary to chronicle the Chicano movement from 1965 to 1975.
García, Alma M. Chicana Feminist Thought. New York: Routledge, 1997.
Selection of writings that chronicle and analyze the women’s struggle to find their place within the Chicano movement, and to challenge its sexism.
Gomez-Quiñones, Juan. Mexican Students por la Raza: The Chicano Student Movement in Southern California, 1967–1977. Santa Barbara, CA: Editorial La Causa, 1978.
Chronicles the Chicano student youth movement, its beginnings, internal struggles, and eventual demise.
Muñoz, Carlos. Youth, Identity, Power. London: Verso, 1989.
Personal account of the origins of the 1960s Chicano civil rights movement by an activist scholar.
Rendon, Armando B. Chicano Manifesto: The History and Aspirations of the Second Largest Minority in America. New York: Macmillan, 1971.
The first book by a major press in which a writer articulates the condemnation of American society for its treatment of Mexican Americans and previews the rise of the Chicano movement.
Treviño, Jesús Salvador. Eyewitness: A Filmmaker’s Memoir of the Chicano Movement. Houston, TX: Arte Público, 2001.
An extensive and expansive view of the Chicano movement from the eye of a camera and from personal experience.
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Hear directly from the COVID-19 survivors who were in bad shape, and then were treated with variations of hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin and zinc.
Spoiler alert, they are alive today…
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The sun generally gets a bad reputation this time of year. We are told that the sun is dangerous, and that the best protection is sunscreen or complete avoidance. I wanted to write an article to give a different perspective, and get us thinking about sunlight in a different way.
Just to be clear from the start about a few things:
I definitely think that getting a sunburn is a bad thing. We should all take measures to avoid burning.
I believe that getting adequate daily sunlight during the spring, summer and fall seasons is essential for physical and emotional health.
There are good, healthy ways to interact with the sun that do not involve the use of (conventional) sunscreen.
If you're going to make the switch from conventional sunscreen to natural methods (including all natural sunscreen products) you will have to change your usual interaction with the sun until you are clear on how your skin responds, how much sun it can tolerate, how long it takes you to build up a base-tan, etc. You'll have to be more in touch with your body (always a good thing, in my books!)
Let’s start with a brief discussion about why conventional sunscreen may not be the best way to avoid getting a sunburn, and some of the other reasons it might be a good idea to reconsider using it.
Anything that contains synthetic chemicals of any kind, in any amount should be treated with a high degree of caution. If you wouldn’t eat it or feed it to your kids, it’s probably a good idea to research it thoroughly before considering using it. This is especially important when we are talking about using something on our skin, and when there is heat involved. Your skin will absorb E.V.E.R.Y.T.H.I.N.G you put on it. Heat will open your pores and increase absorption.
Most sunscreens only block UV-B rays. On one hand, this is great because it does prevent sunburn—on the other, when the skin starts to redden (not necessarily burn), it is our body’s early warning system indicating that we’ve had enough sun that day. In essence, sunscreen allows you to get more sun than what your body actually needs by disabling it’s early warning system. Over time this means that we get more UV exposure than what’s actually beneficial.
UV-B rays cause sunburn, but interestingly, they are also the rays that are needed for us to be able to properly absorb vitamin D. Most people in Canada are vitamin D deficient and there is more and more research coming out about just how essential this vitamin (it's really a hormone, if we want to be technical) is for good health. Consider for example, that people who are deficient in Vitamin D are more likely to develop cancer, heart disease and numerous autoimmune diseases. We also know that vitamin D has an important role to play in gene expression—namely, ensuring that disease-promoting genes are turned off.
Can't I just take a vitamin D supplement? The answer to this is yes and no. Unfortunately, not all vitamin D is created equal. When we get vitamin D from sun exposure, it becomes sulfated and water-soluble. Vitamin D from supplements is unsulfated and fat soluble, which is still beneficial, but it does not move as freely through the blood stream. Our body is FULL of vitamin D receptors (literally packed!) and we must get this vitamin to as many receptors in as many parts of the body as possible for maximum benefit. Vitamin D from the sun is more effective at helping us do that.
So how can we have healthy sun exposure and not get burned?
Know your skin and be sensible. If you’re fair-skinned, your sun requirements will be very different from someone with a darker complexion. The darker your skin, the more sun you can tolerate. *If you’re not sure how to get started with this, there is an app called Dminder that can give you an idea.
Start early in the season and start gradually. As soon as the sun comes out in the spring, spend a few minutes outside getting your skin used to the rays. This will help you develop a base-tan and be able to tolerate more sun as the summer months progress without getting a burn.
Start by tanning things like feet and hands rather than your face, which tends to be more sensitive.
Avoid the sun around solar noon (this is when the sun is directly overhead) and for several hours after if you tend to burn easily.
Use shade. Sunlight that is filtered through shade is still very beneficial, but will help you prevent burning.
Cover up. Wearing light long-sleeved shirts and pants can help you avoid getting burned without using toxic sunscreens
If you do still want to use a sunscreen, or if you know you’ll be out all day, consider using all-natural sun products (and please read the labels carefully because a ton of stuff is marketed as "natural" and is not even remotely natural). The one that I use is Everybody Loves the Sunshine with Zinc by Living Libations.
There are also several things you can do to ensure that the skin is healthy and not as prone to burning:
Stay hydrated. Spring or filtered water ideally. When our skin cells are hydrated, they are better able to handle a whole host of stresses.
Avoid alcohol if you are going to be in the sun. Read: day-drinking on the dock at the cottage is fun, but probably not a great idea.
Consume good, healthy fats and oils regularly (coconut, fish, avocado olive, grass-fed butter and meat, etc).
Avoid polyunsaturated fatty acids (canola, most vegetable oils, fried foods).
Consume anti-oxidant rich foods. In the summer time berries are in season and these are a great source of strong antioxidants!
Take good care of your skin- don’t use chemical-laden products. Moisturize with pure oils. This really goes a long way.
If you want to get really serious about your sun-therapy, consider this:
Our eyes also need vitamin D. When we wear sunglasses all the time, it prevents some absorption. Obviously, use your discretion as sometimes sunglasses are essential, but if you can get some sun exposure without sunglasses, you will really up your game!
Once you’ve been in the sun, it takes at least 24 hours for your body to fully integrate and receive that nutrition. It is best not to shower right away after being in the sun. If you do want to take a dip or wash off, just avoid using harsh soaps and shampoos. If you use all natural products, you don’t have to worry about this.


The UK benefits from an extensive, free vaccination programme for all children for preventable diseases such as Meningitis B and C, Diptheria, Tetanus, Polio, Measles, Mumps and Rubella commencing at 8 weeks old and ending at 14 years of age.
Despite this, in August 2019, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared that the UK had lost its “Measles Free status” due to a marked decline in the number of children being vaccinated. This has coincided with an increased amount of anti vaccination information (or disinformation) available - notably being shared online via social media.
In a recent BBC article (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-48585036), it states that “parents looking for answers on the safety of vaccinations are led astray by fake news, hoaxes, as well as religious and cultural beliefs, and sometimes even threats of violence - which means diseases once though eradicated are making a comeback.”
Whilst there may of course be bona fide reasons for children not to be vaccinated (particularly if there are health concerns raised), it is imperative that decisions are being taken using reliable and accurate information.
As a mother of a 14 month old child, I am incredibly grateful that the vast majority of care-givers in the UK opt to vaccinate their children as this not only protects their children, it also protects mine (this is called Herd Immunity.) Herd immunity only works if most people in the population are vaccinated (for example, 19 out of every 20 people need to be vaccinated against measles to protect people who are not vaccinated). If people are not vaccinated, herd immunity is not guaranteed to protect them.
Whilst I do not believe that the government should make it compulsory for children to be vaccinated for preventable diseases - as it is important to take individual cases into consideration, I would argue that the UK’s vaccination programme should follow the same “opt out” system which will be utilised by the NHS’ organ donation programme from Spring 2020. After all, the WHO has named “vaccine hesitancy” as one of the world’s top 10 global health threats of 2019 and we must take all reasonable steps to mitigate this.
Naomi Bowman
Articles
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November Newsletter from Laura Trott MP
Wednesday, 1 December, 2021
At the time of writing, attention nationally is focused on the new Omicron variant and the Prime Minister has updated the Covid-19 guidance. I know this will have left many constituents worried, however I think what is important at this early stage is that we take it step by step.
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The Kawasaki ZX-9R was a sport bike manufactured by Japanese company Kawasaki from 1994 to 2003. There were five model incarnations across two basic designs.
Introduction
Kawasaki developed the model in response to Honda's introduction of the CBR900RR FireBlade for the 1992 model year. Prior to the advent of the FireBlade, large-capacity Japanese sports motorcycles had become polarised. On one side were the 750 cc sport bikes, influenced by Endurance racing and the World Superbike Championship. On the other, the "big-bore" 1,000 cc-plus sports-tourers had become the natural evolution of the performance bikes of the preceding 20 years. In simple terms, the 750s had the handling, the big-bores had the power. In both categories, Kawasaki ruled. The ZXR750 offered the technology and the performance of ultra-expensive racing-homologation models from Honda and Yamaha at half the price, and it outclassed the similarly priced GSX-R750 of the time, which still featured a perimeter frame and an oil-cooled engine, while the ZZ-R1100 held the title of the fastest production motorcycle on Earth.
The FireBlade packaged a 900 cc engine into a 750 cc sport bike chassis. It combined big-bore power with sport bike handling, but, crucially, it also pioneered meticulous attention to weight-saving design. The FireBlade not only outpowered the 750's, it was also significantly lighter. This was the detail overlooked or underappreciated by Kawasaki when they set out to build their FireBlade-beater. In building the first ZX-9R, Kawasaki combined their class-leading big-bore, the ZZR1100, with their class-leading 750, the ZXR750, rather than commit to an entirely new design.
The result was a big motorcycle; despite weight-saving measures like magnesium engine covers, its quoted dry weight was 215 kg (474 lb), almost 30 kg (66 lb) heavier than the FireBlade. It made around 125 hp (93 kW) at the rear wheel on the dyno, between 10 and 15 hp (11 kW) more than the FireBlade, but this advantage in power could not make up for its size, weight and reduced agility. Rather than be a direct competitor, the ZX-9R was retained as a more stable and more comfortable alternative to the Honda, with more straight-line speed. The road-going bias is evident through the raised clipons and more upright seating positions.
Model History
ZX900B (1994)
The first ZX-9R could be seen as a ZXR750 incorporating a number of ZZ-R1100 design features. The wheels (three-spoke cast aluminium alloy 3.5-inch x 17-inch front and 5.5-inch x 17-inch rear), front forks (fully adjustable 43 mm upside-down KYB) and unbraced fabricated aluminium box-section swingarm with fully adjustable remote-reservoir KYB monoshock were direct carry-overs from the ZXR. Importantly, the twin-piston rear Tokico caliper no longer mounted via a torque arm, and the clip-on handlebars mounted above the top triple clamp, not below. The four-piston Tokico front calipers and 320 mm front discs were common to the ZZ-R and the ZXR.
The frame was a welded aluminium-alloy dual-beam with cast steering head and swingarm endplates, but with steel-tube engine cradles and swingarm-mount endplates extending back to support the rider's seat and attach the bolt-on subframe, like the ZZ-R1100.
The engine was 899 cc. The crankcases, clutch and gearbox were carried over from the ZXR750, with a longer-throw crank and a bigger-bore, taller cylinder block for the larger capacity. The cylinder head was externally highly similar to the ZXR, as well, but incorporated rocker valve actuation like the ZZ-R1100 instead of the ZXR's direct actuation. Redline was 12,000 rpm against the FireBlades 10,500 rpm. Induction was by 40 mm Keihin CVKD carburettors, and the engine breathed through a 10-litre airbox fed by dual ram-air intakes on the nose of the bike, under the single headlight, via ducts passing back and over the frame beams near the steering head, like on the ZZ-R.
ZX900B3 (1996) and ZX900B4 (1997)
Detail changes. Power increased from 139 to 141 hp (105 kW). The rear suspension linkage and rear spring rate were replaced, improving handling. Pillion grab rails were added, the gearboxes were made stronger, and new six-piston Tokico front calipers replaced the previous model's four-piston units. The weight of the bike increased to 218 kg (481 lb).
ZX900C1 (1998) and ZX900C2 (1999)
Engine bore, stroke and redline remained unchanged; everything else was completely new. The clutch was changed from hydraulic to cable-operated. The generator was moved from behind the cylinder to the more conventional location at the left end of the crank. There was now no balance shaft. The valvetrain switched to direct valve actuation, and the cylinder head was plumbed for then-new plug-top ignition coils, replacing more conventional remote coils and high-tension leads. Notably, the new engine also featured a Hall-type cam position sensor on the exhaust camshaft. Cam position sensors are typically used in conjunction with electronic fuel injection. As the ZX900C featured induction by Keihin 40 mm CVKD carburettors, a cam position sensor wasn't necessary. Its inclusion could indicate that Kawasaki had designs to include fuel injection on the engine in the future, but this did not happen until the 2003 introduction of the Z1000, which uses a bored-out ex-ZX-9R engine with a side-draught cylinder head.
The frame lost the steel engine cradles, but also its bolt-on subframe and the rear ride height adjuster. The swingarm was a new unbraced, rectangular-section extruded design. The wheel sizes were the same, but the wheels were a new, lighter design. The brake calipers carried over, but the discs were smaller and lighter without stopping power being affected. New 46 mm right-way-up KYB forks replaced the heavier, though stiffer 43 mm upside down forks on the B model. The rear shock absorber changed from a remote-reservoir to a lighter, more compact piggyback design. The wheelbase dropped 30 mm to 1,410 mm (56 in).
Overall, with a factory-quoted dry weight of 183 kg (403 lb), the C-model weighed less fully fuelled than the first B-model weighed dry.
Visually, the new bike retained the rounded look of its predecessor, but became sleeker, with a slimmer tail unit and a smaller fairing. As a consequence of the smaller engine and shorter wheelbase, though, the fuel tank became wider and intruded more on the riding position than before.
The 1998 ZX9r was the first stock motorcycle to run a quarter-mile in the 9s (9.99 sec at 136.8 mph).
ZX900E1 (2000) and ZX900E2 (2001)
A dramatic new look was introduced for the 2000 model, with distinctive twin headlights and a separate ram-air intake replacing the single headlight and integrated intake of the C-model. The engine gained a few horsepower from slightly shorter length CVRD 40 mm carburettors, a compression ratio increase from a lower duration intake cam, which increased cranking compression. Further improvements were aimed primarily at handling.
The frame was made stiffer through the enlarging of the front engine mounting bolts, though this still left the ZX-9R with just a single front engine mount on either side of the frame. Further, the rubber bushings in the top rear engine mount were changed to alloy. This combined to make the engine's contribution to the stiffness of the frame/engine unit greater.
The swingarm pivot and wheel spindles were made larger in diameter, again for more stiffness. Increased offset on the triple clamps reduced the trail on the front wheel to make the steering more agile. The forks were shortened to save weight, and the rear shock top mount was redesigned to incorporate a ride-height adjuster.
ZX900F1 (2002) and ZX900F2 (2003)
Changes to the 2002–2003 ZX-9R included a new tail fairing, a single piece front mudguard, the loss of the passenger grab handles and the B/C/E model H-bar mirror bracket. Mechanical additions included a strengthened swingarm (by a claimed 20%) and rear shock with a side facing fluid reservoir, stiffened frame with relocated solid engine mounts, increased trail and reduced fork offset, and new Nissin four-piston caliper brakes and 320 mm discs at the front wheel. Slight engine modifications included a return to the B/C model style Keihin CVKD carburettor and a 10% heavier crankshaft offset by a reduced diameter flywheel reported to help the engine spin up quicker, boosting low and mid-range torque.
Though subtle, California (U.S.) specific models included catalytic converters and carburettors with electronic fuel cut off solenoids. In 2004 the ZX-9R was replaced with the ZX-10R.
Year 2002 ZX9R Specifications
Engine Liquid-cooled, four-stroke, transverse four-cylinder, DOHC, 4 valves per cylinder.
Capacity 899
Bore x Stroke 75 x 50.9 mm
Compression Ratio 12.2:1
Induction 4x 40 mm Keihin CVKD carbs
Ignition / Crank Start / Pedal Powered
Max Power 144 hp 105 kW @ 11000 rpm
Max Torque 101 Nm @ 11000 rpm Transmission / Drive 6 Speed / chain
Front Suspension 46 mm fully adjustable cartridge fork, preload compression and rebound adjustable.
Rear Suspension Bottom-Link Uni-Trak rising rate mono shock, preload compression, rebound and ride height adjustable.
Front Brakes 2x 320 mm discs 6 piston calipers
Rear Brakes Single 220 mm disc 1 piston caliper
Front Tyre 120/70 ZR17
Rear Tyre 190/50 ZR17
Seat Height 827 mm
Dry-Weight 186 kg
Fuel Capacity 19 Litres
Consumption average 18.7 km/lit, Max w/Calif. U.S. models 23.0 km/lit
Standing ¼ Mile 9.99@136.8 mph(1998 ZX9r C1 model) The 1999 C2 recorded a 10.06@138.96
Top Speed 284.6 km/h / 174.98 mp/h
See also
Kawasaki Ninja series
References
External links
2000 E1 ZX-9R Review
2001 E2 TotalMotorcycle online review
2002 F1 Motorcycle Daily Online Review
2003 F2 Motorcyclist Online Review
Kawasaki Vehicle information
Sportrider Sportbike Performance Numbers.
http://www.kawasaki.com/DefaultFrame.aspx?strContentURL=/SITE/VIVEHICLEINFORMATION/VICHOOSEVEHICLE.ASP
http://www.motorcycle.com/mo/mckaw/00zx9r.html
http://www.motorcycledaily.com/2002/06/03june02kawasaki2002zx9r/
http://www.motorcyclistonline.com/roadtests/2002_kawasaki_zx_9r
http://www.sportrider.com/tech/sportbike-performance-numbers
http://www.totalmotorcycle.com/photos/2001models/2001models-Kawasaki-ZX-9R.htm
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The photo 1995-Kawasaki-Ninja-ZX-9R-554618-GP.jpg (1995 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-9R - Uploaded for: jrsshark
1995 Kawasaki ZX-9R) was uploaded by: jrsshark.nospam@msn.com.
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The Boondocks Season 5: Release Date Sony Pictures Animation picked the set up for two seasons. Initially, the series was to premiere in February 2020. But the recent pandemic has every series premiere delayed. According to sources, the Boondocks is to release in the fall of 2020.
Is The Boondocks coming back in 2021?
Aaron McGruder Will Return With A New Season Of The Boondocks In 2022. In 2019, McGrudger inked a deal with HBO Max to develop two 12 episode seasons. The show was originally set to return in 2021, but the COVID-19 pandemic has delayed several television series in recent weeks.
Why The Boondocks was Cancelled?
In 2014, “The Boondocks” was canceled due to “cultural sensitivities.” With such an arbitrary reason to cancel the series, fans were very disgruntled. Upon further research, it was concluded that the writing style of showrunner Aaron McGruder rubbed higher-ups the wrong way.
Is Riley a boy or girl boondocks?
Riley Freeman
Species Human
Gender Male
Relatives Huey Freeman (brother) Robert Freeman (grandfather) Cookie Freeman (great aunt) Jericho Freeman (fourth cousin)
Nationality American
How old is grandad from the boondocks?
Robert’s exact age is unknown. But for him to be present during World War II and several civil rights events, he would be 85 to 110 years old today.
Who is Huey Freeman girlfriend?
Jazmine
Jazmine DuBois
The Boondocks character
First appearance “The Trial of R. Kelly” (2005)
Portrayed by Gabby Soleil (2005-2010) Kiarah Pollas (2014)
In-universe information
Who is Thugnificent supposed to be in boondocks?
Otis Jenkins (better known by his stage name Thugnificent) is a once-famous rapper, an obvious parody of Ludacris, Thugnificent hails from the town of Terra-Belle, Georgia , one of the poorest and toughest towns in the country.
Why is The Boondocks was canceled?
One Reason The Boondocks was Cancelled Now Outed. In an update to the cancellation of The Boondocks, it seems that one of the reasons cited is due to Aaron McGruder’s schedule getting too hectic for the series to continue.
What’s the best Boondocks episode?
2010)
2010)
2006)
2008)
2010)
2008)
2010)
Who is Thugnificent based on?
Otis Jenkins (better known by his stage name Thugnificent) is a once-famous rapper, an obvious parody of Ludacris, Thugnificent hails from the town of Terra-Belle, Georgia , one of the poorest and toughest towns in the country.


Create a blog post subtitle that summarizes your post in a few short, punchy sentences and entices your audience to continue reading.
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Blogging gives your site a voice, so let your business’ personality shine through. Choose a great image to feature in your post or add a video for extra engagement. Are you ready to get started? Simply create a new post now.


Once the clarinet mouthpiece has been mounted with a reed, an opening is visible between the latter and the former, through which air can pass: it is the tip opening, an essential, variable parameter, identical to that of the saxophone.
What tip openings for the clarinet?
When it comes to the clarinet, the tip opening is often closely related to the mouthpiece model and impacts its sound signature. Indeed, a more open mouthpiece generally sounds brighter, and allows for more flexibility. On the other side, a closed mouthpiece is associated with softer sounds, and grants more stability to the musician.
As with the saxophone, the right tip opening will vary depending on the type of clarinet you play. For the soprano Bb clarinet and the bass clarinet for example, the range of openings is as follows:
Clarinet type
Opening range in mm
Opening range in inches
Bb Soprano 1.05 to 1.70 mm 0.04 to 0.067 inches
Bass 1,7 to 2,3 mm 0.067 to 0.09 inches
With a range spanning less than a millimeter, the size difference between the biggest and the smallest opening is less important than on the saxophone, and even more so with the most common models, which are all around 1.9mm for the bass clarinet and 1.2mm for the Bb soprano.
Also read : The saxophone's tip opening
Although such differences are barely perceptible to the naked eyed, they are still of the utmost importance, and musicians can spot the smallest variations in opening sizes.
There are, however, some exceptions to the values listed above: some Bb clarinet mouthpieces can go up to a 1.9mm opening, offering more power and flexibility, which is ideal for New Orleans music. Daro Behroozi, a Syos Signature artist, plays an extreme 2.6mm opening on his bass clarinet mouthpiece.
As for the Bb clarinet, German systems generally tend to use more closed mouthpieces, with openings ranging between 0.9 and 1.1mm, paired with stronger reeds.
Finding the best tip opening for your mouthpiece: it's all about compromise
To be more precise, finding the best tip opening for your play style is about finding a good compromise between the mouthpiece's opening, its internal geometry and pairing it with the right reed.
The reed: a variable parameter
In general, the more closed the mouthpiece, the stronger the reed. Likewise, if you choose to go for a wider opening, it is generally advised to reduce the reed's strength. If that does not work, then you will have to change the mouthpiece's opening!
The opening: it is not always what is seems
An overly closed mouthpiece can feel cramped because of a small airflow. Using a stronger reed won't prevent it from feeling too narrow.
Be careful however, as these feelings can be misleading! In both cases, choosing the wrong opening can lead to an impression of stiffness which can be difficult to interpret. Should you then try to close out or widen the opening? It is often necessary to try different tip openings to find the one that works best for you.
The mouthpiece's internal geometry: even more subtle parameters
With the same tip opening, some parameters of the mouthpiece's geometry can make the musician feel like the mouthpiece is more or less open, i.e.:
the chamber's size : extreme chamber sizes, meaning very small or very large ones, can influence the musician's perception of the opening.
Also read : All about the clarinet mouthpiece's chamber
the facing length : it is the length between the mouthpiece's tip and the point of contact with the reed. It is independent from the opening.
A longer facing length will allow for more flexibility while giving the feeling of a narrow opening. Conversly, a shorter facing length allows for more stability but can give the impression that the mouthpiece is more open.
These adjustment parameters, which are quite subtle, allow for a plethora of combinations to reach the ideal compromise!
When designing your custom mouthpiece, you will have access to personalized advices to help assess whether you need to increase or decrease the opening, or adjust other parameters. Here is our custom questionnaire!