The rapper, fashion designer and producer has been using the nickname for a number of years and has previously indicated his desire to legally change his name to Ye.
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Image: Kanye West will now be known as Ye. Pic: AP
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Kanye West has legally changed his name to Ye after a Los Angeles court approved his application.
In August, the rapper formally requested to change his name to Ye (pronounced "yay") after filing legal documents - citing "personal reasons" for the name change.
He has now successfully dropped his full name - Kanye Omari West - in favour of this long-time two-letter moniker.
Image: The rapper released his 10th studio album, Donda, in August
The 44-year-old first alluded to his plans to change his name to Ye when he tweeted: "Formally known as Kanye West. I am YE."
His application has been officially approved by LA Superior Court Judge Michelle Williams, and he will no longer have a middle or last name.
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In 2018, the rapper told radio host Big Boy, "I believe 'ye' is the most commonly used word in the Bible. In the Bible it means you.
"So, I'm you. And I'm us. It's us. It went from being Kanye, which means the only one, to just Ye, just being a reflection of our good, our bad, our confused - everything. It's more of a reflection of who we are [as] beings."
More on Kanye West
Rapper Big Sean parts ways with Kanye West's G.O.O.D Music label
Kanye West finally releases new album Donda - and reinstates Jay-Z after fan uproar
Kanye West brings estranged wife Kim Kardashian on stage in wedding dress at latest Donda event
Related Topics:
Kanye West
His eighth studio album in 2018 was called Ye and the name has been present on his Twitter handle for some time.
Kim and Kanye - from Hollywood's hottest couple to unhappily ever after
In August, his long-awaited 10th studio album Donda was finally released after several delays.
The 27-track album is 108 minutes long and is named after his late mother.
Subscribe to the Backstage podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify, Spreaker
The rapper is in the midst of a divorce from reality television star Kim Kardashian West, whom he married in 2014. They share four children: seven-year-old North, five-year-old Saint, three-year-old Chicago, and two-year-old Psalm.
West did not ask that his estranged wife's name be changed back to just Kardashian when she filed to split from him in February.


The South African gold Two Rand coin (abbreviated as R 2) is a bullion coin of the Rand currency. It was introduced when the currency was decimalised in 1961 and replaced the earlier pre-decimal pound coin, retaining its design, dimensions and metal content.
All the coins of the First Decimal Series initially had the same size and specifications as the former South African pre-decimal coins they replaced. Apart from the regular circulating coins, two bullion types with denominations of 1 Rand and 2 rand were also issued, replacing respectively the South Afircan gold half-pound and pound coins introduced in 1952. Both the pound and the rand gold coins matched the specifications of the British half-sovereign and sovereign - minted, among others, at the Royal Mint branch mint in Pretoria (now the South African Mint) until 1932. The gold alloy, known as "crown gold", with a fineness of 22 carat (91.67% gold, 8.33% copper) has remained unchanged since 1526; it is appreciably less prone to wear than the softer 23 kt gold of earlier gold sovereigns.
The reverse of the gold rand coins features the well-known springbok illustration designed by Coert Steynberg for the 5-shilling coin introduced in 1948, and also used on the silver 50 cents coins.
The gold Two Rand denomination was issued until 1983 and was then discontinued in favour of the Krugerrand bullion coin series. Regular circulating R2 coins were introduced in 1989, made of base metal.
The gold coins have not been demonetised and are still legal tender; however, their intrinsic bullion value is much higher than their face value.
Mint
South African Mint
Mint Mark
No mint mark
Total Mintage
21,000
Obverse
The obverse features the portrait of Johan Anthoniszoon van Riebeeck, known as Jan van Riebeeck (1619-1677), Dutch colonial administrator and founder of Cape Town and considered by many people to be the founding father of the South African nation. The designer's initials WM (for Willie Myburg) are incuse on the shoulder truncation.
Around left, the motto EENDRAG MAAK MAG in Afrikaans; separated from that by two decorative rosettes, around right the same in English: UNITY IS STRENGTH.
Obverse Inscription
EENDRAG MAAK MAG * UNITY IS STRENGTH *
Reverse
The reverse shows at its centre a Springbok antelope, the national animal symbol of South Africa.
The designer's initials CLS (for Coert Laurens Steynberg) are in the right field between the letters IC of AFRICA and the ground under the Springbok.
Above, the date of issue: + 1967 +.
Around left and around right, respectively the legend SUID-AFRIKA in Afrikaans and SOUTH AFRICA in English.
Around below, flanked by two rosettes, the face value and denomination * 2 R * (Two Rand).
This design was initially used on the pre-decimal five shillings, half pound and one pound coins; it is now displayed on the iconic Krugerrand bullion coin series.


With the closure of all non-essential activities as from Friday, March 20 2020 at 6 a.m. (THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACT Regulations made by the Minister under section 79 of the Public Health Act) and the introduction of a curfew as from Monday, March 23, 2020 at 8 p.m. until Thursday, April 2, 2020 at 8 p.m. (THE PUBLIC HEALTH ACT Curfew Order made by the Minister under regulation 14(1) of the Prevention and Mitigation of Infectious Disease (Coronavirus) Regulations 2020), Can the lessee suspend the payment of rents for its commercial premises as a result of the measures taken to combat COVID-19 by the Government of Mauritius?
Mauritian civil law is based on the Code Napoleon. According to French law, the concept of force majeure was of case-law, until the reform of the contract law of 2016, which introduced article 1218 of the French Civil Code. As Mauritian law has not been codified in this way, the implementation of force majeure relies mainly on case-law. It is clear from previous French case law that French judges do not, de facto, exclude epidemics from the list of cases of force majeure, but require that the epidemic at stake meets a set of criteria elaborated by case-law. The epidemics of Dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis or Chikungunya virus have notably been denied this qualification. In practice, the effects of force majeure regarding contractual relationships are generally provided in the contract, thus it is mandatory to check the contractual provisions on this matter.
Numerous decisions of the Supreme Court of Mauritius have put forward these criteria elaborated by French judges, namely that the debtor who wishes to avail himself of force majeure must demonstrate the following cumulative elements (see in particular SOCOVIA (BELLE VUE) LTEE v THE QUARANTINE AUTHORITY & ANOR 2006 SCJ 102, GENERAL CONSTRUCTION CO. LTD v IBRAHIM CASSAM & CO. LTD, 2011 SCJ 19; PICK N BUY & ANOR v STATE and IBL v STATE & ORS, 2014 SCJ 46):
That the event could not reasonably have been foreseen at the time the contract was entered into, to satisfy the test of unforeseeability; and
That the event could not have been avoided by taking appropriate measures, to satisfy the criterion of irresistibility.
The Mauritian judge admitted that the element of exteriority, which was abandoned in France by two judgments of the Plenary Assembly of 14 April 2006, was no longer required in Mauritius either (GENERAL CONSTRUCTION CO. LTD v IBRAHIM CASSAM & CO. LTD, 2011 SCJ 19, point 68).
In the context of COVID-19, the element of unpredictability does not raise too much difficulty, as such a global pandemic and especially the policies implemented by States to fight the spread of the virus, are very difficult to predict. The characterization of force majeure will therefore be mainly linked to the demonstration of the irresistibility condition. Indeed, the case of force majeure must “prevent performance” and not simply make it more complicated or more expensive.
For the assessment of the irresistibility character of COVID-19, two hypotheses must be distinguished:
(1)Prohibition of opening the leased premises
In this case, the lessor is not able to meet its obligation to deliver, so force majeure should be able to be invoked to suspend the execution of the contract. The suspension could also be based on the exception of non-performance. This concept, also codified in France by the reform of contracts law of 2016 (Article 1220 of the French Civil Code), is recognized by Mauritian case law (see for example MANSER SAXON CONTRACTING LTD v. GOUNDAN CO. LTD 2017 SCJ 409 or CENTRAL TYRES & PARTS CO LTD v THE BANK ONE LTD 2019 SCJ 183). The exception of non-performance arises from article 1184 of the Mauritian Civil Code and consists in allowing a party to a contract to refuse to execute its obligation until it has received the corresponding consideration from the other party. The default of the other party must be sufficiently serious to justify recourse to this mechanism.
In this case, due to the restriction on the movement of persons, the lessee is not able to dispose of the leased premises (which amounts to deprivation of use). Subject to specific provisions in the lease agreement, the lessee may therefore suspend the payment of rent during the period concerned, if it informs the lessor of same in advance.
Since only judges can examine the merits of implementing this suspension, the utmost prudence is called for and discussions with the lessor seems necessary.
(2) Decrease in revenues impeding the payment of rents
In this instance, the lessor respects his obligation to deliver the premises, but the lessee is no longer able the rent. These examples in French case-law show that the debtor of the payment obligation must prove that this performance is impossible and not that it is more difficult or excessively expensive.
“the debtor of an unfulfilled contractual obligation to pay a sum of money cannot be exonerated from this obligation by invoking a case of force majeure.” Com. 16 September 2014, n°13-20.306
“Considering nevertheless the proven nature of the epidemic that hit West Africa on December 2013, and to classify it as a case of force majeure is not sufficient to establish ipso facto the decline or lack of cash flow invoked by the appellant company, which would be attributable to it, while on one hand no balance sheet concerning the Holding Company and its subsidiaries is produced and on the other hand, the certificate of Mr Z A, Chief Executive Officer, for one of the companies listed as subsidiaries, which precisely states that royalties were paid in 2014 and 2015 to the appellant company for a total amount of 45,109 euros, a sum which largely covers the fees amount for the third quarter of 2014; It follows that the HOLDING SAVANA does not provide the proof which is incumbent on it, that the non-payment of the fees is the consequence of force majeure.” CA Paris, 17 mars 2016, n°15/04263.
The Mauritian judge is obviously not bound by French case law, but it can influence his decisions, to that extent that the text to be interpreted is the same. (This was recalled in the decision GENERAL CONSTRUCTION CO. LTD v IBRAHIM CASSAM & CO. LTD, 2011 SCJ 19, point 21)
Consequently, as soon as the premises are made available to the lessee, the only way to suspend the payment of the rent is to demonstrate that it is impossible for the lessee to pay the rent and to provide accounting proof of the causal relationship between the event of force majeure invoked and this impossibility.
Finally, unless expressly stated in the contract, the revision of the contract for unpredictability is not possible in Mauritius (although this is one of the novelties introduced in France by the 2016 contracts law reform).
The utmost care is thus required, as the suspension of the payment of rent by the lessee cannot be carried out with the promise that the Mauritian judge, if seized, will necessarily validate the approach. Everything will depend on the factual circumstances and it is therefore crucial for the lessee, if the suspension is to be implemented, to gather as much evidence as possible in advance to justify this action.


Washington (CNN) - After a difficult and controversial two-week stretch for Sarah Palin, the former Alaska governor's favorable rating has dipped to its lowest level since she joined the 2008 Republican presidential ticket and became a household name.
According to the new USA TODAY/Gallup survey, Palin's favorability rating has dipped to 38 percent while her unfavorable now stands at 53 percent. Gallup reports the 38 percent is a new low when it comes to the percentage of Americans who give the former Alaska governor a thumbs up. The 53 percent who dislike Palin is also a new high in Gallup polling. A similar poll in July found 44 percent of Americans viewed her favorably while 47 percent did not.
The poll surveyed 1,032 adults by telephone from Friday through Sunday and carries a sampling error of 4 percentage points.
The latest survey findings are no doubt unwelcome news for Palin as she considers whether to mount a presidential run. But in an appearance on Fox News Monday, Palin said the latest heat directed her way in the wake of the Arizona shootings has not deterred her desire to be a part of the public dialogue.
"I am not ready to make an announcement about what my political future is going to be. But I will tell you ... I am not going to sit down. I am not going to shut up," she said.
Filed under: Polls • Sarah Palin
soundoff (275 Responses)
Sam
The Village Idiot of Wasilla is probably laughing all the way to the bank, while the tinfoil hat wearing clowns who really think she'd make a good president continue to drink their purple koolaid and watch Glenn Beck.
January 18, 2011 02:23 pm at 2:23 pm |
Ray Jackson, MS
We are totally screwed if 38% of Americans can see Palin is nothing but a stupid, selfish, greedy, corrupt money worshiping piece of white trash.
January 18, 2011 02:25 pm at 2:25 pm |
rositaCA
Republicans advice to Palin should be...............please don't talk anymore, go home and raise your children, THEY NEED YOU! not the American people.
January 18, 2011 02:25 pm at 2:25 pm |
Claudia, Houston, Tx
Looks like those who Palin referenced as "not the real Americans" out polls those whom she called "the real Americans" and this is only one of Palin's use of words that not only count but they can hurt. OUCH.
January 18, 2011 02:25 pm at 2:25 pm |
Joe from CT, not Lieberman
WOW! Her and Michael Steel! Take a poll and watch your numbers drop more!
January 18, 2011 02:25 pm at 2:25 pm |
No more republican for the world
I can't believe some people still support her.
Did she do something good as a politician?
January 18, 2011 02:26 pm at 2:26 pm |
To "Fed Up"
Better look those polls again Sparky. President Obama's approval ratings are way up while Palin's are at the lowest they've ever been. You may be entitled to your own opinion, as the saying goes, but you are not entitled to your own facts.
January 18, 2011 02:26 pm at 2:26 pm |
Yugo
Palin hit a her lowest when she betrayed the citizens of Alaska as governor to become a celebrity, pimped her talentless daughter out to a reality show and became a professional propagandist for a foreign-owned media organization. Really, how much lower can you go?
January 18, 2011 02:27 pm at 2:27 pm |
GaryB
Let's put this another way. Palin wants to repeal the Democrat's healthcare reform because she claims that it's unpopular with most Americans, but according to the latest polling, she's far less popular than healthcare reform. Can we repeal her?
January 18, 2011 02:30 pm at 2:30 pm |
Bob in PA
The remarks read here in teh Ticker regarding Sarah Palin are the epitome of "mean spiritedness" and is always on the edge of being violent rhetoric.. You should all be ashamed of yourselves after the past week. I suggest to CNN Political Ticker that they stop running Sarah Palin related bits for 2 or 3 weeks.
January 18, 2011 02:30 pm at 2:30 pm |
CyndyP
Palin is one of the MOST polarizing figures in this country; she is not qualified to run for any office. Even people that have been in her inner circle say that she has no desire to educate herself on international or domestic affairs. I, too, wish the media would lay off her, but for the reason of letting her fade way to Faux News where her fans can get their fix!
January 18, 2011 02:31 pm at 2:31 pm |
Derek
I can certainly understand why fellow Democrats would so desperately want this woman gone. But despite the fact that she is selfish, vile and hateful, she serves a very useful purpose. Every time she opens her mouth to spew more hate-speech, she convinces more and more moderates that she represents the Republican brand of government – ignorant, vengeful and wrong-headed, just look at the direction of her favorability ratings. The reality is that few, if any, have a larger platform in the Republican party than Sarah Palin and she is slowly imploding and it's the 40% of Independents that elect presidents, not the 30% of Democrats or 30% of Republicans.
So my two cents to fellow Democrats is; let's not wish her to go away, let's wish that her 15 minutes lasts at least until the 2012 presidential election concludes, because, let's face it, no national figure will do more to reelect Obama than Sarah Palin, that may seem backwards, but I believe it to be so. Just look at the growing number of leading Republicans trying to silence her.
So, if we can overcome the justifiable gag reflex we feel when we see her and others like her (Rush, Cheney, et al), and continue to click on their daily news cycle stories, giving the media the impression we actually may believe any of the venom spilling from their mouths; the better chance we have of keeping the Oval Office and retaking the House, and in true second term fashion, getting some policy that drives social equality that can only come from a Democratic administration not worrying about a second term.
January 18, 2011 02:32 pm at 2:32 pm |
Devi
I don't know squat about politics. I don't follow polls. I don't have a side that I'm on. Sarah Palin presents herself in a manner that feels and sound fake. She's all about the American People and the charity groups, but she' s on a reality TV show? Is that what is going to fund her campaign when she runs for President? If I have to register to vote to vote against her, I will. She doesn't put her point across well, she makes herself seem ignorant in interviews.... If Palin gets office, it'll be Bush Jr all over again, and that's the last thing this country needs.
January 18, 2011 02:34 pm at 2:34 pm |
IGNORANT
For the ignorant person who asked if the poll was taken in the ghetto? No it was taken in a trailer park. You can best believe if it was taken in the ghetto, that money hungry, moose killing, quitter would not have gotten 38%. Now share that with the Texans.
January 18, 2011 02:34 pm at 2:34 pm |
gus
It means that 38% of Americans are idiots, just like Palin. Scary.
January 18, 2011 02:36 pm at 2:36 pm |
Richard T.
Why are conservatives now to protective of the 1st amendment but have always hated the long term and major defender of the 1st amendment rights, the ACLU? Will conservatives now join and support the ACLU?
No their continuous references to the Constitution is another lie. They never suggest it protects the rights of people and power of government with whom they disagree. They are idiots just like Sean and Sarah.
January 18, 2011 02:38 pm at 2:38 pm |
Annie, Atlanta
I'm really starting to feel sorry for Sarah Palin. The Republicans have used her, and will kick her to the curb when they're done with her. They've made her believe she's something she's not. This is very very sad. CNN and other media outlets need to stop the 24/7 coverage of Sarah Palin and let her fade away into the history books. They're just using her like the Republicans are.
January 18, 2011 02:39 pm at 2:39 pm |
darla
Sarah Palin will not and can't stop talking because there are people who still listen to her. Haters and lovers alike. The media is the one responsible for her message getting across. And because of this 10 people in Tucson Arizona died.Sarah Palin is not the only one to be blame for this tragedy the sender of that message and those whose willing to recieve that message are too.
January 18, 2011 02:39 pm at 2:39 pm |
Mary
Dear Sarah
Just a quick note to let you know how much we appreciate all that you are doing for us. Keep up the good work. Your media presence helps us in ways you can never imagine
All our love
MITT, Newt, and Tim
January 18, 2011 02:40 pm at 2:40 pm |
wgf
Sarah is not part of "the public dialog". In order to be so, one would have to interact with the public - not just make pronouncements via twitter, facebook and fox news.
January 18, 2011 02:42 pm at 2:42 pm |
SPLAT!~
You Liberals need to quit trying to make Sarah look bad. She's doing just fine on her own. If anybody can make Sarah Palin look the fool, it's Sarah Palin.
Keep up the good work Grizzly Mamma!~
January 18, 2011 02:43 pm at 2:43 pm |
Julia- Idaho Native American
She is ignorant and promotes violence everytime she opens her mouth. She is a danger to democracy
January 18, 2011 02:44 pm at 2:44 pm |
Sheila
People are wishy washy and swayed by the wind. People need to get back to God and common sense. Quit looking to humans to be "your savior". Humans cannot save humanity in and of themselves. However, humans who humble themselves in obedience before the Lord and follow the teachings of his son Jesus Christ, can in that be servants of God who bring miraculous changes to the world by the Lord's power and spirit.
January 18, 2011 02:44 pm at 2:44 pm |
Doug
38% of Americans have an intelligence problem.
January 18, 2011 02:44 pm at 2:44 pm |
wgf
She reminds me of that line in Saving Private Ryan: "You don't know when to shut-up. You don't know how to shut-up."
January 18, 2011 02:47 pm at 2:47 pm |
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Note: As of April 2021, CodeSignal's virtual whiteboard is powered by Miro, a tool we chose for its intuitive user experience and rich set of features well-suited to collaborative, live technical interviews (details below).
Summary: This article provides an overview of the CodeSignal virtual whiteboard and how it can be leveraged during system design interviews.
The CodeSignal virtual whiteboard is a feature available within CodeSignal Interview. This digital equivalent of a traditional whiteboard enabled candidates to effectively communicate their ideas, thought processes, and knowledge of system design visually.
Whiteboard sessions can take place in real-time over a video call, and you can toggle back and forth between our whiteboard and state-of-the-art IDE. No need to download additional software or switch between multiple applications! Interviewers can collaborate with candidates on designs, or guide and instruct candidates through various exercises.
The interface is simple and intuitive to use, offering a stellar candidate experience and allowing talent to demonstrate their full potential by worrying less about learning how to use a potentially new platform and focusing more on the content of their work.
Feature Highlights
During your live interview session, simply click the OPEN WHITEBOARD button at the bottom of the window to switch from our state-of-the-art IDE and unlock your candidates’ creative potential with our feature-rich whiteboard.
Responsive arrow tool for flowchart creation
Candidates can select from a variety of shapes to create flowcharts and more in the virtual whiteboard. In system design interviews, candidates or interviewers can easily move elements of the flowchart, and the connecting lines and arrows automatically adjust accordingly.
Wireframes and templates
To save time, interviewers or candidates may choose to use a wireframe or template instead of placing each element onto the whiteboard one at at time. Templates offered by Miro include: flowchart, app wireframe, UML diagram, and more.
The wireframe library includes a variety of elements useful for frontend design: phone, tablet, and browser frames; buttons; dropdown menus; image, video, and avatar placeholders; tabs, and more.
Write
Use the Comment, Pen, or Text feature to add comments or text elements to your design.
Review the whiteboarding session after the interview
Option 1: Your interviewing team can review the whiteboard after the interview via a read-only link to the Miro board.
Option 2: Export as a PDF. To export a candidate's board from Miro, you'll first need to create a Frame around the content you want to export. Then, you will Export as image and save as a Vector - PDF file.


With the increased use of computers and the internet, the risk of identity theft and online fraud has also increased. Despite the internet technology providing several benefits, it has been increasingly susceptible to phishing attacks through fraudulent emails, computer viruses, and various other attacks. Rest assured no one is immune to such attacks. Therefore, it would be in your best interest to take the utmost precautions to protect yourself from various kinds of online fraud.
The world market offers seven pieces of advice to protect you online.
1. Setting Strong Passwords
When you are required to set a password, consider keeping a strong password. Do not keep a password mentioning your date of birth, anniversary, the name of your child or pet, or anything that could be easily guessed through your credentials. A strong password would be eight characters in length. It would be inclusive of upper and lower letters, special characters, and numbers.
2. Keeping your Device Updated
To keep yourself safe from online threats, malware, and various kinds of viruses, consider keeping your device updated with the latest operating system, security software, and web browser. It would be a great defense against various kinds of online threats.
3. Keep a Secure Internet Connection
It would be in your best interest to keep your home wireless network protected with a strong password. Moreover, when you connect to public Wi-Fi networks, do not be complacent with the sensitive information you send over it.
4. Look for Phishing Frauds
You may receive fraudulent emails and phishing scams looking forward to tricking you into providing personal or private information. You should not click on doubtful links or open attachments you do not trust to be genuine or unfamiliar with.
5. Protect your Personal Information
It would be worth mentioning not to share your personal information with anyone. Most people would give their password or personal identification number to anyone. Do not share your birthdays, mother’s maiden name, addresses, and anything that could disclose your personal information. Your social media profiles are an easy target for hackers to determine your passwords and answer security questions. Do not connect to requests from people you do not know.
6. Safe Shopping
Before you shop online, consider looking for a safe technology to make monetary transactions. It would be in your best interest to look for HTTP on a website. It ensures the website is genuine. Moreover, consider looking for a small padlock symbol in the browser bar. It would provide you with the requisite site information.
7. Go Through the Privacy Policy of the Website
Despite the long and complicated privacy policies of any website, go through them to understand how the website intends to protect the personal information it gathers. Carry on your business elsewhere if you do not understand the privacy policy of a website.
To Sum it Up
Adhere to the aforementioned advice to protect yourself from several kinds of online frauds and phishing attacks. It would be a grave risk to your identity if your personal information were hacked. Do not be complacent with your online security needs.
Sofia Peterson
Sofia is a contributor at The Hack Post who loves to write about Technology. She also enjoys reading books and swims during her free time.
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You may have heard about Thanksgiving in almost every American Television series, be it F.R.I.E.N.D.S or How I Met Your Mother or Brooklyn 9-9. And if you are not an American, you might have wondered what is all the fuss about Thanksgiving and why are the characters always looking forward to celebrating it. You might have also wondered if it is actually a rehearsal dinner for Christmas or not?!
We were pretty surprised when we learned that Thanksgiving is not merely any religious ritual and it is not all about food, but it is a deep and meaningful tradition that is simply heartwarming and lives up to its noble name.
Why do Americans celebrate Thanksgiving?
Americans and Canadians celebrate, Thanksgiving meaning their gratitude towards everyone who makes their lives better, especially to God. In North America, it is an annual tradition which is marked by religious observances, followed by a traditional meal. It is also a national holiday in North America which commemorates the festival of harvest of the previous year, celebrated by the Pilgrim Fathers of 1621.
Thanksgiving is celebrated in the United States of America on the fourth Thursday of November. In Canada, Thanksgiving is celebrated early, usually on the second Monday of October.
Thanksgiving: a brief cultural history
According to American legends, the Thanksgiving history that the Americans believe revolve around the happenings of the year 1620 and 1621, when in September, a small ship called the Mayflower left Plymouth, England, with 102 passengers.
These 102 passengers were an assortment of religious separatists who had been seeking a new home where they could freely practice their faith and other individuals lured by the promise of prosperity and land ownership in a New World.
After the voyage of 66 days, they dropped anchor near the tip of Cape Cod, way far north of their intended destination at the mouth of the Hudson.
A month later, the Mayflower crossed Massachusetts Bay, where the Pilgrims (as they were commonly called), began to determine a village at Plymouth. The Pilgrims spent their first winter on the board of the ship as they battled against the freezing fall and suffered from contagious diseases like scurvy outbreaks. By the beginning of spring, only half of the Pilgrims lived. In March, they received an astonishing visit from an English-speaking Native American.
Several days and months later, a few Native Americans helped them teaching how to grow corn, extract sap from maple trees, catch fish for a livelihood, and avoid poisonous plants. They also helped the Pilgrims to ally with a local tribe, the Wampanoag. The Wampanoag, to date, tragically remains one of the sole alliances between European colonists and Native Americans.
In November 1621, when the Pilgrims successfully harvested their first corn, Governor William Bradford organized a celebratory feast, which is now remembered as the “first Thanksgiving” of America. It was celebrated in the presence of the Native American allies and the Wampanoag. The celebrations and festivity continued for three days.
When is Thanksgiving this year (2020)?
Thanksgiving is usually celebrated on the fourth Thursday of every November. This year, Thanksgiving 2020 in the United States of America will be celebrated on Thursday, 26th November.
What does Thanksgiving convey?
Thanksgiving conveys gratitude: gratitude towards God, family, friends, and everybody who has had an impact on your life, no matter how big or small. Thanksgiving Day is also the perfect time to remind oneself and others of the many reasons there are to be grateful for.
It is especially necessary in 2020 when the world is shaken to its core by a year-long pandemic, but again at the same time, a nation has collectively risen against fascism and chose a woman of color alongside her male superior instead.
Now that it is not safe to hug your loved ones this year, here are a few Thanksgiving message ideas that you can send out to your loved ones and bring a smile to their faces:
Thanksgiving is quite food and festivity; it’s the time to ponder upon the teachings we learned and the way we will spread happiness around. It is the time of the year that gives us a moment to reminisce and remember the great memories and the good people who came into our lives and decided to hold on to us. Happy Thanksgiving Day, from mine to yours!
The last year has been a roller coaster ride, that has taken away hopes from us and reignited a few. It has been a year like no other; we, as people have stood up against racism, impeached a clown in the white-colored house, and eventually stood up for what is good for us and our countrymen. Thank you for doing what was necessary and we hope to continue what is right for the rest of our lives, Happy Thanksgiving!
We don’t credit The Almighty often, but this Thanksgiving, I’d like to express my gratitude towards God for blessing the universe with not only Timothée Chalamet but also you. Happy Thanksgiving Day, thank you for having my back always!
Thanksgiving food: A brief gastronomical affair
If you are an avid follower of American sitcoms, then you must remember Rachel’s famous ‘traditional’ English trifle for Thanksgiving or, the legen-wait for it-dary Turturkeykey that Ted cooked for his first Thanksgiving as a host.
Well, a traditional Thanksgiving meal isn’t that amateur but is a table of classic comfort, that is ought to bring back good memories from childhood and the days of the past.
Generally, members of a family gather together to prepare a Thanksgiving dinner, or friends host a potluck dinner to share loads of Thanksgiving amongst each other.
Here are 10 delicacies, without which a Thanksgiving dinner is incomplete:
A perfectly juicy roasted turkey
Stuffing (that should be roasted alongside/ inside the whole turkey)
A side of creamy, buttery, garlicky mashed potatoes
A thick flavourful gravy made from the roasted turkey drippings
Homemade cranberry sauce for the right amount of sweetness, sourness, and tang
Corn (serve it as cornbread or grilled corn on the cob)
Casserole (It can be a vegetable one or overloaded with meat. The choice is yours and the ones you are celebrating with!)
Candied Yams
A pumpkin pie to comfort the crowd on a chilly fall evening
A pecan pie (this one works its way through the crowd!)
How should you celebrate Thanksgiving in 2020?
Who said you will have to be together to celebrate Thanksgiving? In this world of fast internet and video calls, celebrate the evening with your loved ones without stepping out or if you are in the same city, have a distant potluck, where you and your folks each cook up a delicacy and share a serving amongst each other through delivery apps.
And, when the sun sets, you can turn up the heat of your respective homes and enjoy a virtual Thanksgiving together.


The shop incorrectly wrote my address on the shipping label and then proceeded to ship. Luckily I got the refund! Might be a good knife but I will never know!
S***r / USA
Arrived as promised! Lightweight and useful!!! Thanks!!!
S***n / USA
Good self defense product. Since it is hard plastic, we need not worry about the metal detectors at the malls and theaters. Shipping was fast. It reached me within 16 days of ordering. Of course, I had to pay for the 18-28 days shipping. But overall a good product. Final rating = Good 5 STARS.
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October 23, 2021 in Cassandra Clare // Newsletter Recap: a ‘Secrets of Blackthorn Hall’ snippet, art and more
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September 13, 2021 in General News // Giveaway: Win a 5th anniversary edition of ‘Lady Midnight’
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Cassandra Clare shares two confusing ‘Lord of Shadows’ snippets
Posted on March 26, 2016 by Cathrin in Book News, Cassandra Clare, The Dark Artifices // 53 Comments
Source: Cassandra Clare’s Pinterest
Cassandra Clare is spoiling her fans these days. Lady Midnight, the first book in her The Dark Artifices trilogy, has been on shelves for 18 days now and we have already gotten a couple of snippets from book two, Lord of Shadows.
DO NOT GO ON READING IF YOU HAVEN’T FINISHED LADY MIDNIGHT YET!
There is a spoiler in the following paragraph.
Cassie has been answering fan questions about Lady Midnight for a while now and since there are a lot of characters in the first book, fans are divided in regards to shipping/new couples. One character that is stuck in a love triangle (or maybe even a love square?) is Mark Blackthorn. Some fans ship Mark with Cristina (myself included), others ship him with Kieran. Of course the shippers want to know whether their ship is endgame, but Cassie is “the Iron Man of no spoilers” so she is staying mum. To confuse her fans, she just shared two very opposite snippets on her tumblr.
“I know.” Mark brushed his lips across her forehead. Cristina could feel his heart pounding. “We’ll figure it out. We’ll fix it.”
***
Kieran sat up rather reluctantly. The waves of his hair had lightened to blue; he turned around, and leaned back against Mark, rather as if they were on horseback and Mark was behind.
Who do you ship? Marktina or Kierak? If you mention spoilers in the comments please give a short spoiler warning for other readers.
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About Cathrin (827 Articles)
Writer for TMI Source and 'The Shadowhunter Chronicles' lover extraordinaire. Fangirls over books, history, German football, movies and fictional characters.
53 Comments on Cassandra Clare shares two confusing ‘Lord of Shadows’ snippets
Amanda // March 26, 2016 at 2:08 PM // Reply
Mark and Cristina.
Avala // March 26, 2016 at 2:10 PM // Reply
SPOILER-ISH – BE WARNED!!!
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Kierak though I hate to say it. I think Christina should be with Perfect Diego because I liked how they communicated with each other in Lady Midnight and it would be cute if they ended up together despite all that’s happened. It would be like true love finally realized!
Mark doesn’t seem to love Kieran as much as Kieran loves Mark. It’s almost like Mark only was with Kieran because there was no one else in the Hunt who was kind to him or would defend him. And now that he has his family, he might not want to go back to Kieran at all and Kieran knows that.
Kieran just seems broken and wants someone who will stay with him forever since everyone else has abandoned him or been mean. I don’t like what he did in Lady Midnight, but to some degree I can understand (that doesn’t mean it’s right though AT ALL). I still can’t get over what he did, but I’m not going to be very spoilery and I can’t say that I hate him either. The more Lord of Shadows snippets there are, the worse I feel for him and the more I hope he finds someone who’ll be with him forever if Mark won’t. He is definitely the most mysterious character and I hope he plays a big role in the series!
Toodles!
Rose // March 26, 2016 at 8:10 PM // Reply
I love Kieran and Mark, but I have to agree: Mark only loved him because he was the only person who was kind to him. I think it is more likely–and probably more happy ending-y–that we see Mark with Cristina. But I definitely agree: Kieran deserves to be with someone who will love him forever!
Rhea // April 15, 2016 at 11:18 PM //
*SPOILER ALERT*
But, guys, we are forgetting over here how heartbroken Mark was when Kieran betrayed him… He truly loves Kieran and wants to forgive him but he can’t because of what happened to Julian and Emma. But I think that towards the end of the series, the both are going to return to Faerie but at the same time will also not be bound by the laws of the Hunt.
Chris // March 26, 2016 at 2:50 PM // Reply
Kierak!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
kieran // March 16, 2017 at 8:53 AM // Reply
KIERAK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (my names kieran btw) (find me a mark and ship us lol) (i have a boyfriend, hes so my mark)
Casey // March 26, 2016 at 7:29 PM // Reply
He should be with Emma 😆 before the books come out, I wanted them together. Only because she couldn’t be with Jules.. But if they somehow find a way around the law, I would definitely want Emma and Julian to be together!!
Emily // March 26, 2016 at 9:37 PM // Reply
Kierak!!! So hard!!!!
EL // April 18, 2016 at 10:41 PM // Reply
“Remember that a blade made by Wayland the Smith can cut anything,” maybe this includes a parabatai bond? She could use it to sever their runes?
Hannah Butterworth // July 31, 2016 at 11:48 AM //
Yes! That would be so cool! My imagination has spouted several ways they could sever the bond, but that’s a really good one. Other ones I’ve thought of would be:
1. One of them dies + resurrects. Okay, unlikely, but still.
2.One of them becomes a silent brother. Probably not this one, as it’s what happens in TID.
3. Random spell/ magical event.
… I’ll see if anyone’s come up with anything else.
Shelby // August 26, 2016 at 1:42 AM //
Or Emma straight out disfigures the parabatai rune with the Wayland Smith blade
Audrey // August 2, 2018 at 11:40 AM //
True true
But they also have the Black book remember
darkangel // March 27, 2016 at 1:34 AM // Reply
Kierak! I love them together. After reading The Lady Midnight, i understand why Kieran did what he did, though i don’t agree. But sometimes one does stupid things when one is desperate. I also agree that Kieran loves Mark more than Mark loves him. Maybe Mark just wanted a friend when he had no one. And sometimes this is confused with love. I just hope there is a chance for the two of them to really be together. And if in the end it will not be them together, then i hope Kieran meets someone who will love and stay with him.
On Christina, i hope he and perfect Diego be together. They are for me a perfect couple.
For Emma and Jules, there must be a way out of this parabatai thingy. There is always a first for everything, just look at Malec. I being optimistic as i like them both.
Penny Hansford // March 27, 2016 at 6:24 AM // Reply
Mark and Cristina. She studied faerie so understands Mark and what he went through better than anyone.. It’s way too comfortable and easy for her and Perfect Diego to be together having been together previously and coming from the same country etc.
Alexis // March 27, 2016 at 1:39 PM // Reply
I think Kieran’s going end up feeling betrayed or end up like Yuno Gasai from Mirai Nikki! TBH I don’t think Christina and Mark would actually be that good together nor do I think Kieran and Mark would be. Mark doesn’t love Kieran in the way Kieran loves Mark, it almost seems like Mark likes Kieran as a best friend or maybe even family but Kieran loves Mark as if Mark was the only thing keeping Kieran alive. Mark can’t return Kieran’s love. I feel sorry for Kieran, he was really cute. The weird thing is they are really similar. Mark is likely the only person to ever show Kieran true loyalty even true love, I think until Mark came, Kieran was only love/respected for being the king’s son or at least felt that way and his father basically sold him like a pawn. As with Mark when he joined the Wild Hunt the only person their to love him or show loyalty to him was Kieran, Mark was only really respected because of being half shadowhunter. They weren’t made to be lovers. Kieran is going to shatter like glass if he isn;t careful.
Mariama // April 14, 2016 at 7:10 PM // Reply
I think that Emma and Mark would be a perfect match instead if struggling with Julien why not be with the brother his both handsome and definitely talks like a true poet. Mark seems to know what he wants and he speeks from the heart I like he doesn’t stand for people who try and hurt his family understandable. I think Mark should forgive Keiran so they can be friends.
Amanda // April 15, 2016 at 12:44 AM //
Hell no Emma and Julian are in love and they will find away to be together.Getting with Mark instead is wrong.Just no.
bookdragon394 // March 28, 2016 at 2:49 AM // Reply
The choice is so difficult!! I ship Kieran and Mark, but I ship Christina and Mark more. BUT I also ship Christina and Perfect Diego, and I ship them more than I ship Christina and Mark. My shipper heart is so divided right now!!!
I actually don’t think that Mark could have a lasting romantic relationship with Kieran or Christina, though I can see Christina and Perfect Diego possibly staying together for a while.
Despoina San // March 28, 2016 at 6:15 AM // Reply
Mark x Cristina. Their bond felt natural and genuine and it didn’t come from pain, loneliness and dept. While I enjoyed the Kierark chemistry, they didn’t click as much for me. I also have to admit that Kieran trying to take away his free will was the one thing that convinced me that I do not ship them.
Still the only ships I would not be ok with are Mark x Emma and Diego x Cristina.
Lily // April 24, 2017 at 2:28 AM // Reply
MY THOUGHTS EXACTLY. I hated the whole “You either choose me or your family who you’ve been separated from for years scene.” Completely un-sexy for me. I don’t care if you ARE a beautiful, tortured faerie boy. Plus, with Cristina, Mark got to feel more human and have natural conversations where he just opened up to her. (Sorry, I know i’m like super late).
Vale // March 30, 2016 at 3:44 PM // Reply
Mark and Cristina!
maddy // March 30, 2016 at 7:39 PM // Reply
Marktina!!!!!
darrikinzzbooks // March 31, 2016 at 9:50 PM // Reply
Ugh I feel so conflicted!!! The only ship I am for sure on board with is Julian x Emma! I don’t really know about Mark and Kieran, for I didn’t like what Kieran did to Mark. As for Mark and Christina, I’d have to read some more scenes between them to determine my feelings, and as for Christina and Diego, it’s clear that they really care for each other, but as others have mentioned, it would be a pretty easy relationship.
Anna // April 2, 2016 at 10:34 PM // Reply
Mark and Kieran for sure! I like Christina much more with Diego.
Clary Herondale // April 3, 2016 at 9:12 PM // Reply
I CAN’T CHOOSE! I really like Mark. Kieran likes him and he likes Kieran too. But Mark was jealous about Cristina and Diego’s kiss. AUGH! Um. I think I would choose Cristina tho. Cuz Im still a teeny bit mad at Kieran for telling Iarlath (ugh that rat) to whip Julian.
Ross // April 4, 2016 at 11:48 AM // Reply
I do hope for Mark and Kieran but i won´t put my hopes high. For more that Cassie is fair to LGBT character in her books, i don´t think she will go for Kieran and Mark. She spend too much time on Mark and Cristina – thou i cannot see for the life of me their chemistry.
And the whole Christina seeing Mark and Kieran and Mark jealous of cristina and diego makes me think that Cassie already have her end game there. 😦
At least, i can feel happy for Jemma! 🙂
helena // April 5, 2016 at 2:30 PM // Reply
Spoilers!
I truly hope Kierark, because I loved Kieran so much, and he seems like such a broken character. I’m headcanoning that Lord of Shadows is Kieran’s father, the Unseelie King, so hopefully we get more Kieran in this book. Cassie always treats her LGBT characters well, so I’m hoping Kieran won’t die, but I could see him sacrificing himself for Mark. I shipped Christina with so many people in this book, but I like where she ended up with Diego; they seem cute together!
Mew // April 7, 2016 at 3:45 AM // Reply
Tbh, I don’t really know anymore- throughout the book I loved all the Kierark moments and wasn’t the fondest of Christina, but I just can’t see Mark and Kieran working out, as much as I want them to. I think that Mark seems to be confusing love for Kieran with friendship, at one of the toughest points in his life. Despite this i do think Kieran really does love Mark, though I think he’s a bit controlling- with trying to get him punished to return to the hunt, I really don’t know anymore, I guess I’ll just have to wait and see what Cassie does!
CH // April 12, 2016 at 10:59 PM // Reply
Mark and Cristina!…?
Ugh
Jusse // April 21, 2016 at 8:06 PM // Reply
Marktina they had a great chemistry and I think Mark was lonely and Kieran was there when he needed him it’s more love out of necessity than actual true love
TDA // May 4, 2016 at 2:56 PM // Reply
Am I the only one who ship the Julian/emma/mark love triangle? I mean yeah at the end I want emma and julian together but while I would LOVE her to be with Mark
Layla // June 7, 2016 at 5:47 PM // Reply
I think that it would a crazy book to read if this happened but it is a Cassandra Clare book so that’s bound to happen anyway.
Jay // May 5, 2016 at 9:01 PM // Reply
I liked Christina with Diego, they have chemistry and friendship. A love triangle is good in a book some times but sometimes I like love to be easy and natural. As for Mark and Kieran I read someone comment he’s mistaking friendship with love, real love is friendship and they are both attracted to each other. But I don’t think either one is ready for a commitment yet. I’d like to see Mark be single for awhile and get closer to his family. Then down the road maybe Kieran or maybe some we haven’t met yet.
Mrs. Carstairs // June 8, 2016 at 3:03 PM // Reply
Kierark all the way! At first, I loved Markstina too much, but boom. Kieran came, and I love his character too much. I mean seriously Cassie? Ocean coloured hair? I so love him. My favourite ship in TDA so far is Cristiego. It’s really natural to me, and I feel bad for Diego (I also LOOOVE his character. “Perfect Diego.”) but I’m fairly sure Markstina and Drusilla & Diego will end up together. *cries for Kieran*
Cassie Clare Is A Genius // November 26, 2016 at 8:28 PM // Reply
I never even considered Drusilla & Diego. But isn’t Drusilla only 13? And Diego is, like, 17 or 18? I was thinking it might be Livvy + Diego? since Livvy is 15 and therefore closer to a serious age . . . Idk man. Every ship in TDA leaves me with a feelings headache. Can’t wait for Lord of Shadows!
Rose Smith // July 12, 2016 at 1:17 AM // Reply
Anyone else banging their head against a wall?
Madison // July 27, 2016 at 1:43 PM // Reply
I definitely ship Kieran and Mark over Mark and Cristina because, yeah I agree that it seemed like mark stuck with Kieran because of his kindness towards Mark, but remember *SPOILER* the whipping scene in the book! MEGA HEARTBREAK FOR BOTH KIERAN AND MARK RIGHT THERE! 😪😩💔 plus I just really love the general friendship and relationship between Kieran and Mark and would be absolutely ECSTATIC if they really did end up together ❤💞
NotFunny ButFunny // August 2, 2016 at 12:52 AM // Reply
I’m not sure. Cristina and Perfect Diego have not done anything wrong to the other. So Mark and Cristina’s sparkling ship is postponed. I don’t necessarily like Kieran. He is too self-centered, and I haven’t truly forgiven him even though I see where he was coming from at the time. But the best option was to shut up, nothing he said was good. When Julian stepped up he should have said nothing. He should have considered how Mark felt emotionally not ‘Yay everyone but Mark!’ He could of at least hid his relief for Mark’s sake.
Needless to say Mark and Cristina.
Brin // August 4, 2016 at 9:44 PM // Reply
Is Kieran here the same one that Izzy Lightwood had as a boy friend?
Cathrin // August 5, 2016 at 3:13 AM // Reply
No, that was Meliorn. He was just a Faerie knight whereas Kieran is a Faerie prince.
Ana // September 1, 2016 at 4:00 PM // Reply
Kierark, obviously
Amanda // September 1, 2016 at 6:05 PM // Reply
Mark and Cristina.I think she would be good for him.I don’t trust Diego or Keiran.What happened in Fairy should stay there.
Emma10 // September 9, 2016 at 10:23 AM // Reply
I actually ship Mark and Emma… I know most of you probably wants to kill me, but guys don’t you think they would be a beautiful couple together? Of course, my OTP stays Emma and Julian, and I see Emma and Mark just as an “experience” for them, but honestly I’ve shipped them since the prologue of COHF. But if I had to choose from Kieran and Christina, I would probably choose Christina. I like Kieran,, but I think what he did to have Mark back with him (let Julian and Emma being whipped) is a truly selfish gesture, and so I don’t think he deserves Mark anymore.
nanyajima // September 15, 2016 at 10:40 PM // Reply
I only ship Jemma for now. Think I must “know” about Mark a little bit more and understand his feelings.
But, I must confess I didn’t like Kieran very much at first.
Genevieve // November 17, 2016 at 12:16 AM // Reply
Mark and Christina definitely! They’ve become my biggest ship for the Dark Artifices so far. After everything that Mark’s been through Christina comes in and it’s just this simple love and trust between them that I can see truly growing into something so beautiful. Mark had Kieran in the hunt and I think that that was very important and I’m glad that he did have someone, but I feel like their relationship is a bit unhealthy. I don’t totally hate Kieran, but some of the things he’s done are hard to forgive, and even then I could never be with someone who would do that to my family. Kieran is a broken man that I’m interested in learning more about, but I really didn’t like him with Mark. They have a bond, but the romance kind of made me uncomfortable. Whenever there was those little Marktina moments, I was squealing in delight. Those two really make me happy.
All that being said, I’m afraid that Mark and Kieran are probably going to end up together, just as Cristina with probably end up with perfect Diego. There was far more with Kieran and Mark together and the same with the other two. I like Diego, but with Cristina it just seems to obvious and boring. And as I’ve said, the Mark and Kieran romance just doesn’t feel right to me at all. I really hope I’m wrong and Cassie surprises us…MARKTINA FOR LIFE!!!
Cassie Clare Is A Genius // November 26, 2016 at 8:31 PM // Reply
Kieran + Mark.
Tree // December 31, 2016 at 4:49 PM // Reply
Christina and Mark! Would be perfect together as she helps Mark become Himself again. I think she’s who he truly ants and I thinks she wants him too!
nevena // February 8, 2017 at 6:10 AM // Reply
Kierak 🙂 and Jemma
Dajana Zečević // April 4, 2017 at 2:22 PM // Reply
I am going to choose Kierak – My reason for that is: Every love is complicated and somewhat confusing. Kieran, I can see, love Mark and cares so much for him that he would even stay around Nephilims and do whatever is been told. He did for sure very stupid thing, but Mark felt heartbroken when Kieran betrayed and I’m sure he is trying to think about his choices, Kieran however is willing to prove himself worthy. What I am trying to say is every love has problems even theirs, so my reason for shipping more Kierak is because I think Mark really loves him but because he is disappointed he wants to check if Kieran will do some same shit again.
Aethyl // May 23, 2017 at 7:55 PM // Reply
Have you guys read Lord of Shadows yet?
I am devastated, shattered, by the ending.
Reeling.
Only Game of Thrones can ease the pain I carry from this ending- Draw nearer, July!
First, it always astounds me how much better and better as a writer Cassandra Clare keeps becoming.
In LoS, she has broken my heart.
I had no idea how invested I was in some characters until they died.
At first, I was struck by this death that seemed so reckless, so, unnecessary.
Then the more I thought about it, the more it struck me how, still senseless and tragic it was, but how much it will change the characters in it.
The lengths they will go to to bring this person back.
The way they will re-shape the world because of this death.
Everything has changed.
Alice langlie // May 27, 2017 at 7:04 PM // Reply
This is the best book ever. I can not say enough good about it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
louise combs // January 8, 2018 at 10:51 AM // Reply
is there going to be another book about the shadowhunters? the last book, lord of shadows seemed unfinished.
Cathrin // January 8, 2018 at 10:54 AM // Reply
Of course!! The last book in The Dark Artifices is called Queen of Air and Darkness and it’s going to be published on December 4, 2018!
You can read a first synopsis on our website – just have a look around to find it – but beware of spoilers!
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Going on a road trip can be one of the most exciting moments that a family can experience. However, this can also be an extremely stressful time if the trip doesn’t go according to plan. With so much going on, it’s easy to spoil a happy trip just because expectations are not met. One of the most common issues during a family road trip is deciding on whether to use an RV or just go by car and stay in hotels. While there are a lot of ways to reach a destination, one should always pick the most efficient way to save time, effort, and money. So if you are playing with the idea of renting an RV, you should definitely decide on getting one soon. With that in mind, here is a guide on how to best rent an RV:
Planning Stage:
Step 1: Plan a Budget
Decide on a budget to narrow down your choice in RV. This will directly cut your searching time in half and allow you to decide how long you’d like your trip to be and what distance you plan to cover. By doing this, you will be able to direct your time to other road trip preparations instead and decide what is within the scope of your budget.
Step 2: Decide on an RV Classes
When getting an RV rental, keep in mind that there are several types of RVs that you can choose from – travel trailers, camper trailers, and more. RVs come in three standard classes: Class A, Class B, and Class C. Each has different sizes and fuel efficiencies, so make sure to match the RV class you choose according to your family’s preference and your budget.
Step 3: Prepare for Additional Expenses
Always have extra pocket money for additional expenses. Every RV rental company has its own fees and policies so it’s always good to prepare. Also there are likely to be mishaps and extra expenses that come up on the road, so always make sure to financially prepare for more than the initial cost of the trip.
Looking for an RV:
Step1: Search for the Ideal RV
You can always ask for referrals from friends or check for dealers around your area through the internet or on newspaper ads. There are also many online websites you can use to find the best RV for your trip specifications.
Step 2: Narrow Down Your Choices
Pick the most convenient option when you are done scouting from online websites, ads, and local offices. Immediately call the chosen dealer and book for an appointment or settle the arrangement through the phone.
Step 3: Test your Chosen RV
Always test your chosen RV before renting it. This way, you will be able to identify if the RV is suitable for you and your family. By doing this, you can also ask your RV dealer queries and tips on how to manage the RV’s engine style.
Dealing with the RV Dealer:
Step 1: Bring Important Documents
Before you talk with your RV dealer, prepare the necessary documents for renting. Usually, a driver’s license, personal IDs, and car insurance papers should be present during discussions. Also, it’s advisable that you get an extra copy of all the receipts after the transaction for safety measures.
Step 2: Know the Charges of Deposits of the RV
Don’t hesitate to ask your RV dealer if the vehicle comes with an emergency deposit or damage charges before you book your trip. By doing this, both of you will be on the same page during the transaction, particularly when it comes to issues such as accident insurance.
Step 3: Negotiate if Possible
Although not always necessary, negotiations are usually acceptable. This is helpful when you are on a tight budget. Private owners of RVs are likely to accept a haggle. However, don’t overdo this because it might leave a strain on your relationship with the dealer.
Step 4: Settle on a Payment Method
There are no certain ways when it comes to the mode of payment in renting an RV. Payment plans can differ from one renter to the next, so it’s essential that effective communication is established. The best way to do this is by discussing thoroughly with your renter and sticking to the plan until the end of the road trip.
Final Thoughts
According to the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA), renting an RV is a very popular option for road trips. Instead of buying a brand new travel vehicle, renting one is now what most Americans prefer.
That is why according to statistics provided by RVIA, RV rental is a $350 million industry that is still steadily growing. If you and your family are planning an upcoming trip, renting an RV is now considered a popular option to reach your destination. It’s accessible, affordable, and simple, so what more could you ask for? Rent one now!
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The Bird Scene is the second episode of the first season of Victorious. It aired on April 11, 2010 to 3.5 million viewers. It was advertised as the official series and season one premiere of Victorious, saying that the pilot was just a sneak peek of the series.
Contents
1 About "The Bird Scene"
2 Plot
3 Subplot
4 2nd Subplot
5 Trivia
6 Goofs
7 Running Gags
8 Quotes
9 Promo
10 Gallery
About "The Bird Scene"
Main article: The Bird Scene (play scene)
The Bird Scene is a monologue that all new students at Hollywood Arts must perform in front of their class and pass before they can take part in any school plays. Although Tori did well each time, she asked if she did well twice, which resulted in her failing twice. For a student to pass the Bird Scene, he/she must not question his/her performance and be confident that he/she did well no matter what other people say.
Plot
Tori's first attempt for her locker design.
Tori in her final attempt of the Bird Scene.
Tori and Trina go to school, excited to find the list of play roster for the new semester. André had suggested that Tori try out for the lead in Moonlight Magic, a play Tori had originally worked on with André. This left Trina in complete shock, as she thinks of herself as a brilliant actress.
The list of new plays for the semester.
While in acting class, Sikowitz throws a ball at Cat's face during a skit. When Cat complains that the throw really hurt, Sikowitz defends himself by saying that any good actor should be able to face any distractions and still focus on their scene. The bell rings, signaling lunchtime. Sikowitz throws a ball near Tori's face, requesting that she stay and mingle with him. Sikowitz tells her that she cannot audition for Moonlight Magic, as she had not passed 'The Bird Scene' (see above), which is a monologue all students must pass in order to try out for any plays at the school.
Tori goes throughout the week performing her lines well and inserting genuine emotion for The Bird Scene, yet she never gets it right. Every time Tori asks Sikowitz, he says that she did a fantastic job, but she didn't pass the test. Tori's friends are unable to help her, as all the students took a pledge that they would never help anyone with The Bird Scene. A frustrated Tori goes to drastic measures. First, she gives Cat several Red-Hot candies and handcuffs her to a railing, telling Cat that she will not give her water unless she tells her the secret to The Bird Scene. Tori then flirts with Robbie, as he has a massive crush on her, but he escapes by claiming that his puppet Rex has to go to the bathroom.
After her third attempt at the scene failed, Tori explodes with frustration, telling Sikowitz that her performance was great regardless of what anyone says, now beyond caring what he has to say. Sikowitz then applauds her, along with rest of the class. Sikowitz tells Tori that she has passed the Bird Scene and that the moral of the scene is to believe in her own choices as an artist.
Subplot
Meanwhile, André and Robbie sign up for a ballet class so that they can meet girls. However, many other boys had the same idea, as the class is filled with boys. They are unable to quit the class because if they do, they'll fail. When, for once, a girl actually comes in, all the boys in the class mob her. André and Robbie try to impress her by doing a difficult ballet dance, injuring both of them badly. They both ended up hitting each other in the groin area, and had to ice off afterward.
2nd Subplot
André, Beck, and Robbie tell Tori that she has to decorate her locker, as it is mandatory, as well as a Hollywood Arts tradition. With no ideas in mind, Tori asks the guys what they did to decorate their lockers. Robbie made a mosaic of all the baby bottle nipples from his childhood, representing his happier times, which creeps Tori out. André installed a customized keyboard. Beck has a "transparent" locker, to show that he has nothing to hide.
Sinjin later shows Tori his locker which is food he chewed but didn't swallow which grosses Tori out.
At the end of the episode, Tori's finished locker is finally revealed. On it, Tori put up a poster that says Make It Shine in big bubble letters. To everyone's surprise, Tori installed a button that can light up the whole locker. Everyone, except Jade, is enthusiastic about the design.
Trivia
The bird from the scene.
These are the locker customizations of the students we see in this episode:
Robbie: A mosaic of baby bottle nipples from childhood.
André: A working keyboard.
Sinjin: Regurgitated food pieces that was never digested.
Beck: Transparent.
Tori: A blue background with MAKE iT SHINE on it, with various lights capable of lighting it up.
Jade, Cat, and Trina's lockers were the only ones we didn't see, although Jade's locker is seen in Wok Star; it's covered with scissors. What might have been Cat and Trina's lockers were shown on Twitter but they were never confirmed as such in the series.
It took Tori three tries to pass the Bird Scene, and she did all of them in different ways.
How many tries the others needed to pass the scene was never seen though given Jade's glare after Tori passes, it is possible that she needed more than three tries.
The bird Tori used is a white umbrella cockatoo.
All students must pass this scene (which is Tradition Level 1) in order to take part in any school plays (Tradition Level 2) in the Hollywood Arts handbook.
This is the first time Cat and Trina are seen talking to each other.
The Wahoo Punch machine is the same machine that is seen in the iCarly episode "iTake on Dingo" and is seen throughout the rest of the series.
This is the first episode where the title is said in the episode.
This is the first time Tori is seen wearing glasses.
This episode was filmed one year after the Pilot.
This is the first of four episodes to air on Sunday.
This is the first time the opening credits with the song "Make It Shine" is seen.
This is the first episode not to feature a song.
This is the first episode where someone breaks the law, in this case Sikowitz throwing balls at Tori and Cat could be construed as a teacher attacking students.
It is unknown whether or not Tori got to star in Moonlight Magic.
Although from Tori's success at completing The Bird Scene, it is possible that she did it, just offscreen.
Ending Tagline: "This is gettin' weird." - Rex
Goofs
When Sikowitz throws a ball at Tori, but misses, the two are then seen together, and the ball is right next to Sikowitz. That ball was blue, the one he had thrown at Tori was green.
There is no way Sikowitz could have thrown the ball at Cat the second time because in the previous scene with Tori not only was there no ball near him but no way he could have found the ball in the limited amount of time between the scenes.
When Beck, Robbie, and André are talking at lunch, Beck is picking up his coffee. When the camera switches to a different angle, his coffee is back on the table and he is picking it up again.
The dancer who went into the dance studio should've reported the students, especially Robbie and Andre, for mobbing up on her.
At the beginning of this episode, when André and Robbie are going down the stairs, you can see André's belt was raised up, but the other scene it doesn't show. However, when they reach the bottom of the stairs, it's raised up again and shown.
When Sikowitz threw the ball at Cat at the beginning, Cat would've got a red ball mark but it doesn't appear. Or she would have got dizzy (pending by how hard the ball was or the pace).
There is a goof both in Pilot and this episode. When Tori has her locker done, the red locker beside it moves to the very end and the green-ish locker that was in the very end (to the right) isn't in that spot anymore when Tori makes her locker.
It was lunchtime after Sikowitz's class, which usually means that it was fourth period, but in Pilot, Sikowitz's class was first period. (Although it was a different day so they could have had Sikowitz at different times of the day)
Tori technically passed The Bird Scene on her second attempt, but she was interrupted as she started yelling at Sikowitz.
How the Bird Scene's rule of "no help" is enforced is something of a mystery as there doesn't appear to be any mechanism in place for discovering any help (i.e: Trina could easily have told Tori when they were at home).
After Tori's 2nd attempt at the bird scene, where she gets the backdrop and plastic bird, she goes to Cat for help. Before that, when it does the bit of music and the zoom of the school, you can clearly see that Tori's locker is decorated, though after her encounter with Cat, Beck comes to her locker, where Tori's Locker only has the stripe. In the Cat encounter it has the whole "Make it shine" decoration.
Running Gags
Sikowitz throwing balls at people.
Rex telling people that they don't know "what he's got".
Sikowitz telling everyone to do a drive-by-acting exercise.
Jade denying Tori's friendship; this is the first episode where Jade does this throughout the entire series.
Quotes
Trina: Tori, come on!
Tori: Did you not see me fall in the parking lot?!
Trina: It was very funny.
Jade: [Sees Tori struggling with her books] Need some help?
Tori: Yes!
Jade: Interesting... [Walks by]
[Sikowitz throws a ball at Tori; it hits the wall next to her. She screams]
Tori: What was that for?! I'm not acting right now!
Sikowitz: We need to chat.
Tori: And "Tori, can I see you?" wouldn't have worked?
André: [Walking out] Have fun.
Beck: [Following him] Protect your face.
Beck: Why do you need ballet slippers?
André: Cause I signed up for ballet.
Robbie: Isn't that kinda girly?
André: Yep, just one big room full of girls and me, you guys picking up what I'm putting down.
Rex: Yeah, pretty smoothhh...
Robbie: I don't understand.
Beck: A lot of girls who dance all in one room with him.
Robbie: Oh!!!
Robbie: I can't eat salsa.
André: Why, cause it hurts your stomach and gives you nightmares?
Robbie: No.
Rex: Yes.
Robbie: Maybe...
Sikowitz: Drive-by acting exercise! You're all angry Englishmen! GO!
Robbie: Ah! I insist you tell me who sat on me crumpet!
Jade: My grandmummy went to the loo while I snogged the Prime Minister!
André: This flock o' whippoorwills is botherin' my trousers!
Cat: Good heavens! There's a dead cockroach in my brassiere!
Rex: Blimey!
Beck: I told you not to put plum sauce on me banger!
Sikowitz: Tori, the stage is yours, though you can't take it home.
Cat: It's so gross how he's always hitting on every girl.
Rex: I never hit on you.
Cat: What's that supposed to mean?!
Robbie: What's the deal with Sikowitz and coconuts?
Jade: He says the milk gives him visions.
Tori: Before we begin, I'd like you to have these two large coconuts.
Sikowitz: Wonderful! You know their milk gives me visions.
Tori: I've heard.
Tori: Cat!
Cat: Hey!
Tori: You have to try something! [She pulls out handcuffs]
Cat: Handcuffs?
Tori: Uh-huh. Put them on one wrist. [She puts them on] Good! Now, we lock the other part here...
Cat: Fun!
Tori: 'Kay, now try this. [She holds out a piece of candy]
Cat: [Gasps] Oooh! Candy! [She eats it] Mmm...This is so...so hot! What are these?!
Tori: Choo-Choo Peppers.
Cat: Ch-Choo?! Ugh! They're burning my mouth!
Tori: I know! Want some water?
Cat: Yes!
Tori: Tell me the secret to the Bird Scene!
Cat: I can't, and I need water!
Tori: Oh, fine! [She throws her a bottle of water and leaves, but doesn't uncuff her]
Cat: Wait, Tori! [Drinks water] Tori! Mmm...water.
Tori: [While flirting with Robbie] You want to know what's making me feel stressed?
Robbie: [Not wanting it to stop] Tell me, I'll kill it!
[Talking about Tori's locker]
Beck: Why don't you do something creative and deep?
[Sees his locker]
Tori: Clear?
Beck: Transparent. I've got no secrets and neither does my locker.
Tori: You'll help me with the Bird Scene, won't you?
Robbie: I'm really not supposed to, and--
Tori: Ow! He bit my hand!
Robbie: Rex!
Rex: Take me to the bathroom! I gotta pee now! [Robbie runs off with him]
Tori: He's a puppet, he can't pee!
Rex: You don't know what I've got!
Sikowitz: Happy birthday!
Cat: Whose birthday is it?
Sikowitz: Somebody's, somewhere.
Cat: That's so true...
Sikowitz: Ladies and gentlemen, once again, the Bird Scene, starring Tori...
Tori: [Pops her head from behind the curtain] Vega.
Sikowitz: Vega!
Tori: [in a country accent] It was 1934 and my husband left me, alone. Living on the prairie was a dreary existence. No telephone, no radio. Only a large majestic bird with whom I shared my feelings. [whistles. Bird flies in]
Sikowitz: [leans over to Beck] You see the bird too right?
Beck: Yeah.
Sikowitz: Fantastic. [sips his coconut]
Tori: One day when I was feeling alone, I said to him, 'Oh bird, you can fly. You can fly miles form this place yet you stay. Why?' [shakes her head and the bird flies out] And my question rang true for that afternoon, the bird left, and so went my spirit. [puts her head down]
Sikowitz: That, was impressive.
Tori: So did I get it right?
Sikowitz: Nope!
Tori: But...but I just, I, I... I DID TOO GET IT RIGHT!
Sikowitz: Tori, listen...
Tori: [yelling] I'M NOT TRYING TO BE DISRESPECTFUL OR ANYTHING BUT DO YOU KNOW HOW HARD I WORKED ON THIS SCENE? I MADE THIS COSTUME, I DOWNLOADED SPECIAL PRAIRIE MUSIC! I EVEN TRAINED THAT CRAZY COCKATOO TO FLY IN AND OUT THAT WINDOW, ON COMMAND! [the bird flies inside] NOT NOW! [the bird flies back outside] Now I know you're a great acting teacher and all but I don't care what you say. The scene I just did was good. And I'm proud of it no matter what anybody thinks!
Sikowitz: A true artist need only please himself. [To Tori] Or herself. [To Robbie and Rex] Or...itself.
Rex: You don't know what I've got!
Tori: Ah! Uh, uh, uh! I believe in my own choices, and I don't need approval from others.
Beck: Ah, the young female has learned the ways of the Bird Scene.
Jade: I still think it's dull.
Tori: Yeah? Well, maybe I should...make it shine. [She presses a button and her locker lights up]
Promo
(HQ) Victorious World Premiere April 11th - "The Bird Scene" Promo
Gallery
Click here to see the photo gallery for The Bird Scene.
v • e • d Victorious Episodes
Season One
Pilot • The Bird Scene • Stage Fighting • The Birthweek Song • Jade Dumps Beck • Tori the Zombie • Robarazzi • Survival of the Hottest • Wi-Fi in the Sky • Beck's Big Break • The Great Ping Pong Scam • Cat's New Boyfriend • Freak the Freak Out • Rex Dies • The Diddly-Bops • Wok Star • The Wood • A Film by Dale Squires • Sleepover at Sikowitz's
Season Two
Beggin' on Your Knees • Beck Falls for Tori • Ice Cream for Ke$ha • Tori Gets Stuck • Prom Wrecker • Locked Up! • Helen Back Again • Who Did It to Trina? • Tori Tortures Teacher • Jade Gets Crushed • Terror on Cupcake Street • A Christmas Tori • Blooptorious
Season Three
The Breakfast Bunch • The Gorilla Club • The Worst Couple • André's Horrible Girl • Car, Rain & Fire • Tori & Jade's Play Date • April Fools' Blank • Driving Tori Crazy • How Trina Got In • Tori Goes Platinum • Crazy Ponnie • The Blonde Squad
Season Four
Wanko's Warehouse • The Hambone King • Opposite Date • Three Girls and a Moose • Cell Block • Tori Fixes Beck and Jade • One Thousand Berry Balls • Robbie Sells Rex • The Bad Roommate • Brain Squeezers • The Slap Fight • Star Spangled Tori • Victori-Yes


1. Classification: Given an input object X, we have a function which will take in this input X and identity which 'class (Y)' it belongs to. (Discrete Case)
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2.Regression: Same as classification but in the continuous case
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1. Classification: Given an input object X, we have a function which will take in this input X and identity which 'class (Y)' it belongs to (Discrete Case)

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3.Clustering: Use common features of objects in same class or group to form clusters.
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2. Regression: Same as classification but in the continuous case

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4. Dimensionality Reduction
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3. Clustering: Use common features of objects in same class or group to form clusters.

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4. Dimensionality Reduction

== Applications ==
== Applications ==
Revision as of 11:47, 9 May 2013
Contents
1 Computer Simulation of Complex Systems (Stat 340 - Spring 2013)
2 Introduction
3 Applications
4 Course Information
5 Tentative Marking Scheme
6 Class 2 - Thursday, May 9
6.1 Sampling (Generating random numbers)
6.2 Multiplicative Congruential Algorithm
6.3 Inverse Transform Method
Computer Simulation of Complex Systems (Stat 340 - Spring 2013)
Introduction
Four Fundamental Problems:
1. Classification: Given an input object X, we have a function which will take in this input X and identity which 'class (Y)' it belongs to (Discrete Case)
2. Regression: Same as classification but in the continuous case
3. Clustering: Use common features of objects in same class or group to form clusters.
4. Dimensionality Reduction
Applications
Most useful when structure of the task is not well understood but can be characterized by a dataset with strong statistical regularity Examples Computer Vision, Computer Graphics, Finance (fraud detection), Machine Learning Search and recommendation (eg. Google) Automatic speech recognition, speaker verification Text parsing Face identification Tracking objects in video Financial prediction, fraud detection
Course Information
No required textbook, recommended: "Simulation" by Sheldon M. Ross Computing parts of the course will be done in Matlab, but prior knowledge of Matlab is not essential (will have a tutorial on it) Learn for announcements, assignments, and emails. Other course material on: <<wikicoursenote.com>> Log on to both Learn and wikicoursenote frequently.
Must do bothAll primary contributions are now considered general contributions you must contribute to 50% of lectures for full marks
Primary contributor: Put a summary of the lecture up within 48 hours.
General contributor: Elaborate on concepts, add example, add code, add pictures, reference, corrections etc… withing 2 weeks
A general contribution can be correctinal (fixing mistakes) or technical (expanding content, adding examples, etc) but at least half of your contributions should be technical for full marks
Do not submit copyrighted work without permission, cite original sources. Each time you make a contribution, check mark the table. Marks are calculated on honour system, although there will be random verifications. If you are caught claiming to contribute but didn't, you will lose marks.
Tentative Marking Scheme
Item
Value
Assignments (~6) 30%
WikiCourseNote 10%
Midterm 20%
Final 40%
Class 2 - Thursday, May 9
Sampling (Generating random numbers)
Some people believe that activities such as rolling a dice and flipping a coin are not truly random but are deterministic – that is, the result can be reliably calculated using things such as physics and math.
A computer cannot generate truly random numbers since computers can only run algorithms, which are deterministic in nature. They can, however, generate Pseudo Random Numbers; numbers that seem random but are actually deterministic.
Multiplicative Congruential Algorithm
This is an algorithm used to generate uniform, pseudo random numbers.
It is also referred to as the Linear or Mixed Congruential Methods.
The Multiplicative Congruential Method may also refer to the special case where c=0.
Take a number x and divide it by m
The remainder is a number between 0 and m-1
We use the operator “mod”
X mod m
1 = 10 mod 3
x = x mod m – we take the remainder and go remainder mod m, but we will get x every time we do this
We can modify this:
Z = ax+b mod m
Example: a=2, b=1, m=3; if x=10
Step 1: 0 = 2(10)+1 mod 3
Step 2: 1 = 2(0) + 1 mod 3
Step 3: 0 = 2(1) + 1 mod 3
You will get a sequence of numbers
MatLab for Multiplicative Congruential Algorithm
Before your start:
Clear all
Close all
A=17
B=3
M=31
X=5
Mod(a*x+b,m)
Ans = 26
X=mod(a*x+b,m)
Keep repeating this command over and over again and you will seem to get random numbers – this is how the command rand works in a computer.
X=mod(ax+b,m)
For ii=2:1000
X(ii)=mod(a*x(ii-1)+b,m);
end
Note: This generates 1000 numbers.
Size(x)
Hist(x)
X(1)=5
For ii=2:5000
X(ii)=mod(a*x(ii-1)+b,m);
End
Hist(x)
(Note: The semicolon after the x(ii)=mod(a*x(ii-1)+b,m) ensures that Matlab will not show the entire vector that is x. It will instead calculate it internally and you will be able to work with it. Adding the semicolon to the end of this line reduces the run time significantly.)
This algorithm involves three integer parameters a, b, and m and an initial value, x_0 called seed. A sequence of numbers is defined by x(k+1) = a*x(k) + b mod m Mod m means take the remainder after division by m.
Example: a=13, b=0, m=31
The first 30 numbers in the sequence are a permutation of integers for 1 to 30 and then the sequence repeats itself.
Values are between 0 and m-1. If the values are normalized by dividing by m-1, then result is numbers uniformly distributed in the interval [0,1].
There are only a finite number of values (30 in this case).
For many years “rand” function in Matlab used this algorithm with these parameters A=7^5=16807, b=0, m=2^31 -1, 2147483647 – recommended in a 1993 paper by Park and Miller (Important part is that m should be large)
Inverse Transform Method
U ~ U[0,1]
Theorem: Take U ~ U[0,1] and let x=F^(-1)(U) Then x has distribution function F(.) Where F(x) = P(X<x) cdf; F^(-1)(U) denotes the function inverse of F(.)