signal, siginit, sigactsinit, sigactsunshare, sigactsfree, execsigs, sigaction1, sigprocmask1, sigpending1, sigsuspend1, sigaltstack1, pgsignal, kpgsignal, psignal, kpsignal, issignal, postsig, killproc, sigexit, trapsignal, sendsig, sigcode, sigtramp — software signal facilities
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <sys/signalvar.h>
void
siginit(struct proc *p);
void
sigactsinit(struct proc *pp, int share);
void
sigactsunshare(struct proc *p);
void
sigactsfree(struct proc *p);
void
execsigs(struct proc *p);
int
sigaction1(struct lwp *l, int signum, const struct sigaction *nsa, struct sigaction *osa, void *tramp, int vers);
int
sigprocmask1(struct lwp *l, int how, const sigset_t *nss, sigset_t *oss);
void
sigpending1(struct lwp *l, sigset_t *ss);
int
sigsuspend1(struct lwp *l, const sigset_t *ss);
int
sigaltstack1(struct lwp *l, const struct sigaltstack *nss, struct sigaltstack *oss);
void
pgsignal(struct pgrp *pgrp, int signum, int checkctty);
void
kpgsignal(struct pgrp *pgrp, ksiginfo_t *ks, void *data, int checkctty);
void
psignal(struct proc *p, int signum);
void
kpsignal(struct proc *p, ksiginfo_t *ks, void *data);
int
issignal(struct lwp *l);
void
postsig(int signum);
void
killproc(struct proc *p, const char *why);
void
sigexit(struct lwp *l, int signum);
void
trapsignal(struct lwp *l, const ksiginfo_t *ks);
void
sendsig(const ksiginfo_t *ks, const sigset_t *mask);
DESCRIPTION
The system defines a set of signals that may be delivered to a process. These functions implement the kernel portion of the signal facility.
Signal numbers used throughout the kernel signal facilities should always be within the range of [1-NSIG].
Most of the kernel's signal infrastructure is implemented in machine-independent code. Machine-dependent code provides support for invoking a process's signal handler, restoring context when the signal handler returns, generating signals when hardware traps occur, triggering the delivery of signals when a process is about to return from the kernel to userspace.
The signal state for a process is contained in struct sigctx. This includes the list of signals with delivery pending, information about the signal handler stack, the signal mask, and the address of the signal trampoline.
The registered signal handlers for a process are recorded in struct sigacts. This structure may be shared by multiple processes.
The kernel's signal facilities are implemented by the following functions:
siginit(p)
This function initializes the signal state of proc0 to the system default. This signal state is then inherited by init(8) when it is started by the kernel.
sigactsinit(pp, share)
This function creates an initial struct sigacts for the process pp. If the share argument is non-zero, then pp shares the struct sigacts by holding a reference. Otherwise, pp receives a new struct sigacts which is copied from the parent.
sigactsunshare(p)
This function causes the process p to no longer share its struct sigacts The current state of the signal actions is maintained in the new copy.
sigactsfree(p)
This function decrements the reference count on the struct sigacts of process p. If the reference count reaches zero, the struct sigacts is freed.
execsigs(p)
This function is used to reset the signal state of the process p to the system defaults when the process execs a new program image.
sigaction1(l, signum, nsa, osa, tramp, vers)
This function implements the sigaction(2) system call. The tramp and vers arguments provide support for userspace signal trampolines. Trampoline version 0 is reserved for the legacy kernel-provided signal trampoline; tramp must be NULL in this case. Otherwise, vers specifies the ABI of the trampoline specified by tramp. The signal trampoline ABI is machine-dependent, and must be coordinated with the sendsig() function.
sigprocmask1(l, how, nss, oss)
This function implements the sigprocmask(2) system call.
sigpending1(l, ss)
This function implements the sigpending(2) system call.
sigsuspend1(l, ss)
This function implements the sigsuspend(2) system call.
sigaltstack1(l, nss, oss)
This function implements the sigaltstack(2) system call.
pgsignal(pgrp, signum, checkctty)
This is a wrapper function for kpgsignal() which is described below.
kpgsignal(pgrp, ks, data, checkctty)
Schedule the signal ks->ksi_signo to be delivered to all members of the process group pgrp. If checkctty is non-zero, the signal is only sent to processes which have a controlling terminal. The data argument and the complete signal scheduling semantics are described in the kpsignal() function below.
trapsignal(l, ks)
Sends the signal ks->ksi_signo caused by a hardware trap to the current process.
psignal(p, signum)
This is a wrapper function for kpsignal() which is described below.
kpsignal(p, ks, data)
Schedule the signal ks->ksi_signo to be delivered to the process p. The data argument, if not NULL, points to the file descriptor data that caused the signal to be generated in the SIGIO case.
With a few exceptions noted below, the target process signal disposition is updated and is marked as runnable, so further handling of the signal is done in the context of the target process after a context switch; see issignal() below. Note that kpsignal() does not by itself cause a context switch to happen.
The target process is not marked as runnable in the following cases:
The target process is sleeping uninterruptibly. The signal will be noticed when the process returns from the system call or trap.
The target process is currently ignoring the signal.
If a stop signal is sent to a sleeping process that takes the default action (see sigaction(2)), the process is stopped without awakening it.
SIGCONT restarts a stopped process (or puts them back to sleep) regardless of the signal action (e.g., blocked or ignored).
If the target process is being traced, kpsignal() behaves as if the target process were taking the default action for signum. This allows the tracing process to be notified of the signal.
issignal(l)
This function determines which signal, if any, is to be posted to the current process. A signal is to be posted if:
The signal has a handler provided by the program image.
The signal should cause the process to dump core and/or terminate.
The signal should interrupt the current system call.
Signals which cause the process to be stopped are handled within issignal() directly.
issignal() should be called by machine-dependent code when returning to userspace from a system call or other trap or interrupt by using the following code:

while (signum = CURSIG(curproc))
	postsig(signum);
postsig(signum)
The postsig() function is used to invoke the action for the signal signum in the current process. If the default action of a signal is to terminate the process, and the signal does not have a registered handler, the process exits using sigexit(), dumping a core image if necessary.
killproc(p, why)
This function sends a SIGKILL signal to the specified process. The message provided by why is sent to the system log and is also displayed on the process's controlling terminal.
sigexit(l, signum)
This function forces the current process to exit with the signal signum, generating a core file if appropriate. No checks are made for masked or caught signals; the process always exits.
sendsig(ks, mask)
This function is provided by machine-dependent code, and is used to invoke a signal handler for the current process. sendsig() must prepare the registers and stack of the current process to invoke the signal handler stored in the process's struct sigacts. This may include switching to an alternate signal stack specified by the process. The previous register, stack, and signal state are stored in a ucontext_t, which is then copied out to the user's stack.
The registers and stack must be set up to invoke the signal handler as follows:

(*handler)(int signum, siginfo_t *info, void *ctx)
where signum is the signal number, info contains additional signal specific information when SA_SIGINFO is specified when setting up the signal handler. ctx is the pointer to ucontext_t on the user's stack. The registers and stack must also arrange for the signal handler to return to the signal trampoline. The trampoline is then used to return to the code which was executing when the signal was delivered using the setcontext(2) system call.
For performance reasons, it is recommended that sendsig() arrange for the signal handler to be invoked directly on architectures where it is convenient to do so. In this case, the trampoline is used only for the signal return path. If it is not feasible to directly invoke the signal handler, the trampoline is also used to invoke the handler, performing any final set up that was not possible for sendsig() to perform.
sendsig() must invoke the signal trampoline with the correct ABI. The ABI of the signal trampoline is specified on a per-signal basis in the sigacts() structure for the process. Trampoline version 0 is reserved for the legacy kernel-provided, on-stack signal trampoline. All other trampoline versions indicate a specific trampoline ABI. This ABI is coordinated with machine-dependent code in the system C library.
SIGNAL TRAMPOLINE
The signal trampoline is a special piece of code which provides support for invoking the signal handlers for a process. The trampoline is used to return from the signal handler back to the code which was executing when the signal was delivered, and is also used to invoke the handler itself on architectures where it is not feasible to have the kernel invoke the handler directly.
In traditional UNIX systems, the signal trampoline, also referred to as the “sigcode”, is provided by the kernel and copied to the top of the user's stack when a new process is created or a new program image is exec'd. Starting in NetBSD 2.0, the signal trampoline is provided by the system C library. This allows for more flexibility when the signal facility is extended, makes dealing with signals easier in debuggers, such as gdb(1), and may also enhance system security by allowing the kernel to disallow execution of code on the stack.
The signal trampoline is specified on a per-signal basis. The correct trampoline is selected automatically by the C library when a signal handler is registered by a process.
Signal trampolines have a special naming convention which enables debuggers to determine the characteristics of the signal handler and its arguments. Trampoline functions are named like so:

__sigtramp_<flavor>_<version>
where:
<flavor>
The flavor of the signal handler. The following flavors are valid:
sigcontext
Specifies a traditional BSD-style (deprecated) signal handler with the following signature:

void (*handler)(int signum,
	int code,
	struct sigcontext *scp);
siginfo
Specifies a POSIX-style signal handler with the following signature:

void (*handler)(int signum,
	siginfo_t *si,
	void *uc);
Note: sigcontext style signal handlers are deprecated, and retained only for compatibility with older binaries.
<version>
Specifies the ABI version of the signal trampoline. The trampoline ABI is coordinated with the machine-dependent kernel sendsig() function. The trampoline version needs to be unique even across different trampoline flavors, in order to simplify trampoline selection in the kernel.
The following is an example if a signal trampoline name which indicates that the trampoline is used for traditional BSD-style signal handlers and implements version 1 of the signal trampoline ABI:

__sigtramp_sigcontext_1
The current signal trampoline is:

__sigtramp_siginfo_2
SEE ALSO
sigaction(2), signal(7), condvar(9)
April 29, 2010 NetBSD 7.0
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Amy, mum of Katie Price, looks just like Princess in a new snap shared from isolation, according to the star’s fans.
The former model, 42, shared her sadness over being away from her terminally ill mum, 66, who is shielding from COVID-19.
And the radiant snap of her mother led to many of her fans comparing her to Katie’s eldest daughter, Princess, 13.
Indeed, they both share the same bouncy blonde locks.
Amy Price is terminally ill with a rare lung condition (Credit: SplashNews)
Katie hates being apart from mum Amy
Taking to Instagram, Katie penned: “My mum looking so good today, she sent me this photo and I have to say she is so beautiful inside and out, and I love her so much. Time is so precious, I hate not being able to see her because of shielding. I love you to the moon and back, mum.”
Read more: Carl Woods quits booze in support of sober girlfriend Katie Price
One fan remarked: “This is where Princess gets her hair from.”
And a second user commented: “It’s Princess!” and a third user posted: “You look like your mum and so does Princess. Beautiful lady.”
Whereas a fourth user shared: “I see the looks of Princess and Bunny [Katie’s six-year-old daughter] in her.”
Princess Andre has gorgeous blonde curls just like her Gran Amy (Credit: YouTube)
What is wrong with Amy Price?
Amy was diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in 2017.
Read more: Katie Price’s sister reveals baby scan a week after Katie teased she is pregnant
That same year, she appeared on Loose Women with Katie and said the doctors told her she may only have three to four years to live.
Amy told the panel of her diagnosis: “It’s like scarring of the lungs. It actually stops you breathing and it is progressive.
“It goes up the lungs – and in the end you won’t be able to breath.”
In an interview with The Sunday Mirror, she said she had refused a lung transplant offer from daughter Katie.
View this post on Instagram
A post shared by Katie Price (@katieprice)
Amy explained: “I said no, you’re not going to do that. You’ve got to think if, by any chance, it went wrong, who’s going to look after your kids?”
Before adding: “Kate is my child, not the other way around.”
On an episode of Katie Price: My Crazy Life on Quest Red last year, Katie spoke of how her mother’s diagnosis was taking its toll.
She said she had taken to drugs and alcohol in 2019 as way of coping with the many stresses in her life.
And for Katie Price, this included her mum being terminally ill.
Katie said: “This is why I can’t go back to my house, the times I’ve done coke there, all the parties there.
“It got to the point where I literally can’t talk to anyone.”
She added: “My mum is terminally ill, I don’t want to stress her out. Yeah, I turned to coke and I turned to drink.”


It took until the final day of the final Test but Pakistan at last managed a reprise of England's 2012 nightmare against spin
The Report by Alan Gardner05-Nov-2015
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Pakistan 234 (Misbah 71, Anderson 4-17) and 355 (Hafeez 151, Broad 3-44) beat England 306 (Taylor 76, Malik 4-33) and 156 (Cook 63, Yasir 4-44, Malik 3-26) by 127 runs
Scorecard and ball-by-ball details
It took until the final day of the final Test but Pakistan at last managed a reprise of England's 2012 nightmare against spin. They needed less than half of the overs available to polish off victory in Sharjah, Yasir Shah taking the first and last wickets to fall as Pakistan skipped home by a 127-run margin for a 2-0 win that will lift them to No. 2 in the ICC Test rankings.
Alastair Cook resisted almost until the end, ninth man out for 63, but his team had been cut adrift during a dizzying first hour when they lost 4 for 11 in five overs. England were competitive for all but two sessions in the series but on both occasions, here and in Dubai, Pakistan were ruthless enough to seize the prize.
The conditions were perhaps not as treacherous as England's batsmen made them look but Yasir and Zulfiqar Babar did not need encouragement to prey on the slightest hesitation or indecision. They collected six of the eight remaining wickets, evoking the damage inflicted by Saeed Ajmal and Abdur Rehman last time around, not to mention their own exploits against Australia and New Zealand 12 months ago.
With Shoaib Malik completing his final Test appearance by taking a seven-wicket haul, it meant Pakistan's spinners had collected 9 for 101 in England's second innings. That was nearly half as many wickets as England's trio of Moeen Ali, Adil Rashid and Samit Patel managed in the entire series. With 15 from just two Tests, Yasir reigned supreme.
Defeat by a two-Test margin means England will slip to No. 6 in the rankings, another UAE comedown after the euphoria of Ashes victory during the summer, though they were handicapped in their efforts to level the series by the injury to Ben Stokes on the first day. He came out to bat at No. 10 in the second innings, despite the forlorn match situation and a strapped-up shoulder, before a leg-side stumping off Yasir ended England's pain.
Pakistan's legspinner had trained with Shane Warne before the match and this was a final-day dismantling of which the Australian would have been proud. Joe Root, the No. 1-ranked batsman recently referred to by a team-mate as one of the best players of spin in the world, was lbw to Yasir's fourth ball of the morning, back when he should have been forward, and it caused a detonation as brutally effective as pulling the pin from a grenade.
Yasir Shah removed Joe Root in his first over and finished with 4 for 44 Getty Images
England have shown plenty of guts against Pakistan this time around but here they were swiftly disembowelled. A target of 284 was well beyond anything they had previously managed in Asia but their displays of resilience on tour had encouraged some to think they might get close.
That hope disappeared quicker than a lizard darting under a rock. Root was pinned in front of leg stump by a delivery that kept low in the second over of the day, plumb enough not to bother with a review, and James Taylor only lasted long enough to bring up England's 50 before he was drawn fatally forward by a flighted delivery from Babar that turned to kiss the edged of a slightly crooked bat and end up at slip.
Pakistan had wasted their reviews on the previous day but they need not have worried. Before their final innings in Sharjah, England had been on the receiving end of just three lbw decisions, but the problem of playing the ball with their pads returned on the most exacting surface of the series and that total was more than doubled, starting with Moeen's dismissal on the fourth evening.
Jonny Bairstow and Patel fell in such fashion in successive overs, the latter for a golden duck, as England's slide became terminal, losing 3 for 2 in 12 deliveries. Bairstow was hit on the thigh pad in front of middle stump trying to sweep his way out of trouble, England's final review burned in the process, and Patel succumbed to the contagion by missing a straight one from Babar that would have clipped leg.
From 59 for 6, and with visions of Abu Dhabi three years ago - when they imploded for 72 chasing 145 - swimming through addled English minds, Cook and Rashid did a respectable patch-up job, adding 49 for the seventh wicket and briefly bringing a sense of calm to proceedings. Rashid has demonstrated a propensity for fifth-day heroics but this was beyond even him and Rahat Ali brought the ball back to defeat a loose drive shortly before lunch.
Cook alone weathered the desert storm, maintaining his focus even as the ball beat the bat or rapped the pads and Pakistani appeals tore the air. He narrowly avoided falling to Yasir's leg trap again on 20 and a top-edged sweep off Malik landed a yard short of deep square leg having made 44. He remained defiant, gallumphing down the pitch to loft Babar for a one-bounce four over long-on and reverse-sweeping another boundary off Yasir.
He was joined on the burning deck by Stokes, after Stuart Broad had miscued a sweep off Yasir to square leg. Stokes would never willingly shirk a battle and he looked to be moving a little more freely after his collar bone injury, taking on Wahab Riaz's bouncers and betraying only a wince when sweeping Yasir powerfully for four.
That was the most encouraging sight of the day, as far as England were concerned, and with the pips thoroughly squeaked Cook walked past a delivery from Malik to be stumped for only the third time in his Test career. Cook faced more than 900 balls in the series, another half-century taking him clear at the top of the run-scorers' list. But such an outstanding individual contribution could not compete with Pakistan's collective brilliance.
Pakistan
England
Pakistan vs England
England tour of United Arab Emirates
Alan Gardner is an assistant editor at ESPNcricinfo. @alanroderick
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England Innings
Player Name R B
MM Ali lbw 22 43
AN Cook stumped 63 164
IR Bell bowled 0 6
JE Root lbw 6 29
JWA Taylor caught 2 9
JM Bairstow lbw 0 4
SR Patel lbw 0 1
AU Rashid bowled 22 72
SCJ Broad caught 20 23
BA Stokes stumped 12 12
JM Anderson not out 0 1
Extras (b 7, nb 1, w 1)
Total 156(10 wkts; 60.3 ovs)
Player Name O M R W Econ
Rahat Ali 5 1 23 1 4.6
Wahab Riaz 5 0 25 0 5 (1 nb)
Zulfiqar Babar 18 5 31 2 1.72
Shoaib Malik 15 4 26 3 1.73
Yasir Shah 17.3 2 44 4 2.51
WKT RUNS Players
1st 34 Alastair Cook Moeen Ali
2nd 0 Ian Bell Alastair Cook
3rd 14 Alastair Cook Joe Root
4th 9 Alastair Cook James Taylor
5th 1 Alastair Cook Jonny Bairstow
6th 1 Samit Patel Alastair Cook
7th 49 Alastair Cook Adil Rashid
8th 30 Alastair Cook Stuart Broad
9th 12 Alastair Cook Ben Stokes
10th 6 James Anderson Ben Stokes
<1 / 3>
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I have found work opportunities through fellow members and I have formed friendships and business relationships with other industry colleagues. I am proud to be a Master Builder and I encourage other builders to join our community to make valuable connections.”
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Before becoming a Master Builder all new members must meet our membership criteria as well as passing our vetting and inspection process. This provides credible proof that your company builds better and is what sets our members apart from the competition, giving peace of mind to homeowners and helping you secure more business. Because of this commitment to quality the join process can take between three to four weeks.
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Start your application online and answer our eligibility questions to see that you qualify to apply for FMB membership.
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We will carry out a range of checks including your trading history, insurance, credit history and director checks for limited companies.
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If you pass the initial assessment checks we will agree a time for our independent inspection partner to visit your client site to carry an inspection of your work*.
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The inspection will take place at a time agreed with you and your client and we will be in touch within 24 hours of the inspection if you have been successful.
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*Terms and conditions 80th Anniversary Member Offer
The Federation of Master Builders (“The FMB”) is the promoter.
The FMB 80th Anniversary Membership Offer (“Offer”) refers to a promotion to save £80 off a membership Application Fee when applying to join The FMB.
To qualify for the Offer a completed application form must be submitted between 00:01 hours on Tuesday 15 June 2021 and midnight on Sunday 31 December 2021.
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Indonesia - Language. Includes official and accepted business languages spoken in this country/economy. The national language spoken across Indonesia is called Bahasa Indonesia, though there are also many local languages. English is widely spoken and understood in Jakarta by most business people, although much less so in other cities.
What is Indonesia famous for?
Indonesia is famous for its great vacation destinations, among which are Jakarta, Krakatau, Bali and Borneo. Jakarta, the colossal capital of Indonesia, is home to 10 million people as of 2014. This is the economic hub of the country, featuring remnants of Old City Jakarta, interesting museums and world-renowned shopping centers.
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Indonesia - Wikipedia
wikipedia.org
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia [reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia] (listen)), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over seventeen thousand islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of
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Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
wikipedia.org
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaman_Utama
Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia disediakan secara gratis oleh Wikimedia Foundation, sebuah organisasi nirlaba.Selain dalam bahasa Indonesia, Wikipedia tersedia dalam beberapa bahasa lain yang dipertuturkan di Indonesia: Aceh, Bali, Banjar, Banyumasan, Bugis, Gorontalo, Jawa, Madura, Melayu, Minangkabau, Nias, Sunda, dan Tetun. Wikimedia Foundation juga mengoperasikan sejumlah proyek …
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Indonesian language - Wikipedia
wikipedia.org
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_language
Indonesian is the official language of Indonesia. It is a standardized variety of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world—of which the majority speak Indonesian, which makes it one of the more widely spoken languages in the world. Most Indonesians, aside from speaking the national language, are fluent in at least one of the more tha…
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Indonesian Wikipedia - Simple English Wikipedia, the free
wikipedia.org
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_Wikipedia
The Indonesian Wikipedia is the Indonesian language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in May 2003, and has over 169,000 articles. This edition was … Created by: Indonesian wiki community
Created by: Indonesian wiki community
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What languages are spoken in Indonesia?
justlanded.com
https://www.justlanded.com/english/Indonesia/Indonesia-Guide/Language/Language-in-Indonesia
Indonesia - Language. Includes official and accepted business languages spoken in this country/economy. The national language spoken across Indonesia is called Bahasa Indonesia, though there are also many local languages. English is widely spoken and understood in Jakarta by most business people, although much less so in other cities.
DA: 34 PA: 7 MOZ Rank: 8
What is Indonesia famous for?
reference.com
https://www.reference.com/geography/indonesia-famous-2c91490a1ae10ca3
Indonesia is famous for its great vacation destinations, among which are Jakarta, Krakatau, Bali and Borneo. Jakarta, the colossal capital of Indonesia, is home to 10 million people as of 2014. This is the economic hub of the country, featuring remnants of Old City Jakarta, interesting museums and world-renowned shopping centers.


She wants to explore new things, connect with friends and her community, and make a difference in the world. And she’ll be able to do just that when she and her troop experience a Girl Scout Journey.
She’ll team up with friends to:
Identify a problem they want to do something about
Come up with a sustainable solution that will make a difference
Create a team plan to make that solution a reality
Put their plan into action
Talk about what they’ve learned and what they’ll do next
Every Girl Scout grade level has different Journeys to choose from that include a sustainable Take Action project and all the exploration, discovery, and adventure to power a lifetime of leadership and success!
It’s Your World—Change It!
Whether it’s planting a garden, painting a mural, or launching a letter-writing campaign, Girl Scouts of all ages experience unique advocacy challenges, complete Take Action projects, and discover what it means to be a leader who makes a difference in the world.
It’s Your Planet—Love It!
Girls learn about environmental topics, such as clean water and air, noise pollution, global warming, soil contamination, and agriculture. Each Journey is packed with current environmental information and offers ways to improve life for everyone on the planet through a Take Action project.
It’s Your Story—Tell It!
Girls tell their stories through a range of creative approaches. Exploring important themes, such as developing a strong sense of self, navigating healthy relationships, and promoting well-being and confidence in themselves and others, gets girls involved in discussions about thinking critically and ready to complete a Take Action project.
Engineering: Think Like an Engineer
Girls discover how to think like an engineer by participating in hands-on design challenges and completing a Take Action project.
Computer Science: Think Like a Programmer
Girls learn how programmers solve problems by participating in computational-thinking activities and completing a Take Action project.
Outdoor STEM: Think Like a Citizen Scientist
Girls make observations and collect data by doing a citizen science project and completing a Take Action project.
Outdoor
Girls get outside to explore and enjoy nature while completing a sustainable Take Action project. Fun activities ranging from backyard camping to high-adventure exploration build essential outdoor skills and inspire girls to become environmental stewards.
Because Girls Scouts is girl-led, she and her troop will pick the topic that interests them the most, whether it’s caring for animals; taking a stand for girls; exploring science, technology, engineering, or math (STEM); helping others; spreading kindness; protecting the environment; or anything else important to her.
As she and her Girl Scout friends go on their Journey, they’ll earn awards to put on their uniform, letting others know about the awesome things they’ve done as a troop so that they can take pride in what they’ve accomplished and the amazing experiences they’ve had along the way.
Get the inside scoop on new badges for 2021 and find out more about the Girl Scout Leadership Experience.


Write each equation on a new line or separate it by a semicolon. The online calculator solves a system of linear equations (with 1,2,...,n unknowns), quadratic equation with one unknown variable, cubic equation with one unknown variable, and finally, any other equation with one variable. Even if an exact solution does not exist, it calculates a numerical approximation of roots.
Examples:
a+b = 12
a-3b = a-b+43
x+y+z=100
3x-6y+2z=50
y-3z+x=(44-22)x+45
(x+4)(x-3)+34x+6x^2 = 256
(x+4)+34x+x^2-x^3 = -32
ln x = 1.2-x
sin x = cos(x-pi/3)+x
sin x = x^3+2x+x-1
sin x = 0.5
(cos x)^2 = tan(x-pi/3)
x^5+x^4 = -23+sin x
|log x|=2
|ln x+1|=x/10
|ln x+1|=ln x^2
1/(x+2)=1/x+4
sqrt(x^4+x^2+2)=22
Our mission:
Provide simple, fast, and reliable mathematical service for solving any equation(s).
More info:
Unknowns (variables) write as one character a-z, i.e., a, b, x, y, z. No matter whether you want to solve an equation with a single unknown, a system of two equations of two unknowns, the system of three equations and three unknowns, or a linear system with twenty unknowns. The number of equations and the number of unknowns should be equal, and the equation should be linear (and linear independent). Then you can be expected that the equations have one solution.
It is not necessary to write equations in the basic form. The calculator quickly performs equivalent operations on the given linear system.


This year, I've decided to challenge my writing skills by creating a weekly short story based on suggestions from my readers posted here or on Facebook. Suggest any three of a character, location, object, or genre, and I will craft a story.
This week's story was suggested by Meg:
DEDICATED
Reed shivered. Even though the day was warm and sunny, the redwoods stretching to the sky cast deep, dark shadows across the forest floor. Even her thick, red coat was not enough to ward off the chill. Still, she made her way along the familiar path between the enormous trees. A light breeze twisted its way through the branches and danced down to lift Reed’s hair in a halo. Reed reached back with one hand to try to tame the wild strands, but the breeze was insistent. There was something feral in the wind, teasing her, warning her away from her grandmother’s. Reed was stubborn as well and would not be deterred. It was to be her first day with her new pointe shoes.
She twisted the brand new shoes in her hand, half from excitement and half in an attempt to soften them. Reed had been studying ballet with her grandmother since she was three and she started doing pointe just after her twelfth birthday. Her grandmother had given Reed a pair of her old pointe shoes and it had hurt, but Reed was determined. She had grown and strengthened her feet and eventually outgrew the pointe shoes, but her grandmother always seemed to have another pair.
Yet a week ago, for her sixteenth birthday, the pair her grandmother had given her were not hand-me-downs at all. These were brand new pointe shoes. Her heart fluttered at the thought.
It fluttered again at the low growl that rumbled through the underbrush. Reed paused and looked around her. The leaves of the dense foliage on either side of the path rustled ominously and she felt a shiver down her spine that had nothing to do with the weather. The trees above were whispering to each other in anticipation as they watched the solitary figure far below them. The sound intensified. Reed’s eyes widened and she broke into a run. The air felt thicker; she began to struggle for breath, but fear pressed her forward. Her eyes watered.
The trees seemed taller in this section of the forest and the sense that she was lost took root in her gut, but still, she forged onward. The whole of her surroundings rumbled with the low hum of something waking up and it was climbing into a fevered howl. This was echoed by another howl. And another. The sound was overpowering and the ground itself shook.
Reed tripped over an unseen root. Her elbow hit the ground, sending shooting pain up her arm. Her hand spasmed, the shoe flying from her. She cried out, more at the loss of the shoe than at the pain, and struggled to her feet. The air grew heavy with static and she saw sparks dance in her vision. The sparks converged upon her and penetrated her skin. There was no feeling as they entered. Without warning, there was the creak of metal and the ground beneath her opened to reveal a dark hole twenty feet in diameter, yet she did not fall. Her feet dangled beneath her. Terrified anew, she shrieked and beat against the air, but it was no use. Slowly, she descended into the earth, one shoe still clutched in her hand.
Reed could hear screaming on her way down and it took her a good five minutes to realize that the sound was coming from her. As her mind twisted to accept the new reality, she was able to calm it long enough to shut her mouth and observe her surroundings. She seemed to be entering a long, metal mine lit by luminescent liquid running up and down in tiny tubes. They gave off an eerie blue-green light. She tried to float closer, but whatever kept her from falling to her death also kept her in the middle of the shaft. She looked below her, but it was too far away to make out any details and the distance made her feel nauseated.
Down and down and down. It felt like forever, but time held no meaning anymore. She idly wondered whether she would actually fall through to the other side of the Earth. She considered that she might burn up in the center of the Earth. She imagined being preserved for ages and coming back out again in the distant future. Reed thought many silly thoughts during that fall.
When she landed, it was not a hard landing. She gently touched the ground, which obligingly lit up under her feet. Sparks emerged from her body and appeared swirling before her as if to say, “This way.” Reed was afraid and when she got afraid, she became angry. She stood her ground.
“I’m not going anywhere,” she said to the electronic will-o’-the-wisp.
The sparks swirled faster and turned a shade of red.
Reed shook her head.
The sparks swirled into a complete blur and raced down a corridor, leaving Reed by herself. For a few minutes, she celebrated her victory, but soon the anger and defiance melted to reveal a cold core of terror beneath. She sat down on the metal tile. She was in an alcove, and there were three corridors before her. The sparks had vanished down the left one. Reed was curious, but she wasn’t about to blindly follow an unknown entity down an unfamiliar hall. Her mother had taught her better than that. So she waited.
It couldn’t have been more than ten minutes later when Reed heard something stomping her way. She leapt to her feet, shoe held above her head as a weapon. She realized the ridiculousness of such an action and considered the two other tunnels as escape routes. Her heart was pounding, but her mind told her to stay put. This way, she had a defendable position with a wall behind her.
The will-o’-the-wisp came shooting out of the tunnel and swirled around, crimson. It stopped in front of her, pulsating deep red. She raised the shoe higher.
“There’s no need to hurt him; he’s only doing his job, you know.”
Reed gasped and whirled around where a… creature was coming through a door in the wall. It looked like a hairy snake with a bald head and elephant ears. It had six limbs, three of which were extremely thick and used for walking. There were two thin arms on its right side and one fat arm on its left side. Its nose was a button, similar to a koala’s and it had no eyes that Reed could see. A long tail trailed behind it with a pincer on the end. It used this to close the door as it opened its arms toward Reed. Reed waved the shoe at it in a threatening way.
“Don’t touch me!” she screamed.
“We mean you no harm,” said the creature, lowering its arms.
“Who’s ‘we?’,” Reed demanded. “Where am I? What the hell are you? What happened?” She backed away from the creature and the will-o’-the-wisp, slashing the shoe first at one and then the other.
“I will answer all of your questions, but you have to believe that this was an accident. We had no intention of bringing you down here.” The creature spoke in a quiet voice. It retreated to the far side of the chamber to show that there was no danger.
“An accident? Bring me down where?” Reed hollered.
“If you insist on being unruly, we will have to restrain you. Is that what you want?” Reed said nothing. “Why don’t you put down your weapon and we can go somewhere and talk?”
“I just want to go home!” Reed said, still holding the shoe aloft.
“You can go home,” said the creature, “but this is an opportunity not to be wasted. We’ve never had one of your ilk down here.”
“My…?”
“A little girl,” said the creature.
“I’m sixteen,” Reed told it.
“Do you have a name?”
“Do you?” she asked it.
“My name is Sleofje. That is Menochi.” The creature pointed to the sparks, which dipped in greeting.
“I’m Reed,” she grudgingly offered.
“It is a pleasure to meet you, Reed,” said Sleofje, proffering one of its thin, hairy arms. There were only three fingers on the ends, she noted.
“I’m not touching you until you explain to me who you are and where I am,” said Reed.
Sleofje sighed. “Will you at least consent to join me for a meal? I was on my way to the dining hall when you made your unexpected appearance.”
“Trust me, I didn’t plan to come here.”
“Yes. We know,” said the creature. “That was Wodithe’s fault.”
“It was an accident!” a voice echoed through the tunnels. Reed jumped and raised the shoe above her head once more.
“Sorry; these halls are monitored and with someone like you on board, I’m afraid everyone has taken an interest,” Sleofje apologized. “Perhaps we can go somewhere more private?”
Reed was still looking around for the source of the voice. “Huh?”
“I would be honored to have you join me for a meal,” said Sleofje.
“I know better than to go somewhere private with a strange man,” said Reed.
“I beg your pardon?” the creature said in confusion. Then, suddenly, Sleofje’s body rippled, the fur standing on end. Reed stepped back, afraid of what it might do. “Oh! You think I’m male!” Sleofje rippled again and Reed realized the creature was laughing. Menochi had turned yellow and was bobbing up and down in mirth.
Reed blushed. “You’re a girl?”
“Of course! I have two appendages on my right side, don’t I?” She waved them. “If I were male, I’d certainly have them on my left!”
“I didn’t know,” Reed stammered.
“Oh, I know you didn’t,” said Sleofje, her laughter subsiding. “It’s just that no one has ever mistaken me for a male before! I’m said to be a rather beautiful specimen of womanhood, even though I am still quite young.”
“How old are you?” Reed asked, interested despite her caution.
“In your terms, I am just sixteen years of age.”
“Sixteen? That’s not a woman.”
“By your standards. Among my people, a Kosjem matures at seven.” A small ripple went through Sleofje. “Male,” she muttered in amusement.
“Well, I suppose I can go and sit with you while you… what do you eat?”
“Not humans, if that’s what you’re wondering,” Sleofje assured her. “Our diet consists of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, and hydrogen.”
“Those are gases,” said Reed. “How do you eat gases?”
“Perhaps you’d like to see?” Reed slowly nodded and Sleofje beckoned with one arm. “Come along then. I promise you that no harm will come to you while you’re here. You are far too precious.”
Reed kept a tight hold of her shoe as she followed Sleofje and Menochi through the corridors. The tiles lit up under her feet as she stepped on them. Finally, they arrived at a hall of doors. “These are our dormitories. My room is on the end.” They passed another Kosjem on the way, this one was male, Reed noted as she saw the two arms on the left side of the body. Sleofje raised her tail and her pincers clacked together and the male did the same.
“What was that?” Reed asked.
“That is how we greet each other.”
“But you’re speaking with me.”
“You have many languages on Earth, but we do not have the capacity for forming most of them, so we have been crafting translator devices that are implanted to enable us to communicate when we make contact,” said the Kosjem. “The human language is very difficult.”
“But different people speak different languages!” Reed pointed out.
“It is all part of one language,” said Sleofje. “Have you not realized that yet? The languages all influence each other and they are made with the same body parts.”
“But-”
“Some of your Earth languages are easier than others. The sheep language is quite easy. Grass was easy to learn as well. Shrimp is extremely difficult. There are so many nuances. We are still working on the translator devices for them.” Sleofje opened the door and stepped inside. The room was sparsely furnished. There was a circular raised dais in the center of the room and what looked like a trapeze hanging in the corner. Sleofje turned to Menochi. “Go tell Wodithe that I’m taking a meal with Reed and to let me know when the transporter is recharged.” The sparks bobbed once and sped off.
Sleofje laid down by the dais, leaning on her right arms and gestured for Reed to do the same. She tapped the circle and different colored cubes rose from it. The Kosjem raised a green one and rubbed it against her nose until it vanished. “Nitrogen,” she sighed.
So this was food, Reed realized. “What do you want with me?” she asked.
“We weren’t supposed to make contact with humans for another hundred years at least,” said Sleofje, devouring a blue cube. “Wodithe accidentally activated the transport. Unfortunately, we cannot return you to the surface until it has recharged. Still, his mistake is a wonderful opportunity to talk with you.”
“How long have you been here?”
“As long as the redwood trees that grow above. Those aren’t real trees, you know. They are just a façade for our operations. Why do you think they’ve lasted so long? Of course, we had to plant real ones to cover it all up and redwoods can last for thousands of years. It’s what makes them the perfect cover.”
“Why are you here?” Reed asked.
“We are scientists,” said the Kosjem. “We have been observing worlds since long before your kind crawled out of the primordial ooze and became a dominant species. We are fascinated by your ability to evolve and adapt. Still, there is one thing that draws us here more than anywhere else.”
“What is that?”
“Art.”
“Art?”
“Your desire to entertain and be entertained. Despite the fact that your planet is dying, that people are starving, that murders are committed… humans feel this incredible need to create entertainment. Television, music, books, films, theatre… there is no other species that places a high value on such things.”
“Animals play,” said Reed defensively.
“Play, yes, but not at the expense of their own survival,” said Sleofje, an orange cube in her hand. “We don’t understand the fascination with it. You yourself take time out of your week to dance.”
“Yes.”
“You could spend that time in schooling, in learning, or working toward something productive.”
Reed bristled. “I am working toward something productive.”
“I don’t understand. We don’t understand. We listen to your music, we watch your television, we read your literature. None of it makes any sense.”
“It’s about happiness,” Reed tried to explain. “It’s about the feeling we get when we listen or watch or read. We feel joy. We forget for a while that the world sucks.”
“But the world ‘sucks’ as you put it whether you forget or not,” said Sleofje. “Wouldn’t it be better to face that and try to do something about it?”
Reed thought for a moment. “I guess, but we can’t handle that much stress all the time. We need to release it. Everyone has their own way, I suppose. I like to dance. Doesn’t your culture have dancing?”
“There is a mating dance…,” Sleofje began.
“No, I mean dancing just for fun,” said Reed.
“Dancing for fun? If something has no purpose, why do it?” Sleofje said.
“It has a purpose! I wish I could make you understand!” Reed exclaimed.
“I wish I could understand,” said Sleofje.
Reed got to her feet. She took off her boots and stood before the Kosjem. She began to dance. She danced her passion and joy. She danced her fear and sadness. She danced her curiosity and wonder. She danced her anger. She whirled and leapt and grunted and sweated and, when she had finished, she stood still once more, breathing heavily. The Kosjem was silent.
“I do not understand,” she said. Reed felt defeated. “It looks so painful.”
“It is painful, but that’s a part of it. You have to push through that. It shows you’re dedicated.”
“Dedication. I understand that. I would like to know more,” said Sleofje. “Would you consent to visit and teach us about arts?”
Reed paused. “For how long? My grandmother must already be so worried about me.”
“Perhaps for an hour a week? Saturdays after your dance class? You could show us what you’ve learned.” The Kosjem sounded hopeful.
“I… I suppose I could do that,” Reed agreed.
“Excellent!” There was a sound outside the door. Sleofje jumped to her feet to answer it.
It was Menochi. The sparks flashed through a series of colors.
"Oh, wonderful!" Sleofje turned to Reed. "The transporter is recharged. We must get you on your way.”
“I thought you wanted to learn more!” said Reed.
“Well, now that we have an agreement to do so, we will want to do as little as we can to arouse suspicion. As you said, your grandmother will be worried." She added, "Can I trust you not to say anything to anyone about this?”
“Of course, but how do you know that I will keep my word?” Reed asked her.
Sleofje paused. “I don’t know. Among the Kosjem, if you say that you will do something, you do it. It is a promise. Do you think you will break your promise?”
“No,” said Reed. “When I make a promise to a friend, I keep it.” She held out her hand. Sleofje took it in her three hairy digits and shook it. She led Reed back to the point of the three corridors, Menochi floating ahead of them. When they reached the alcove, the sparks swirled around Reed and entered her once more. She began to rise. “Goodbye, Sleofje. I will be back next week!”
The Kosjem lifted her tail and clacked her pincers. “Goodbye, my friend!”
*****
Reed’s grandmother was waiting at the studio, phone in hand, as Reed came running up. “Where in heaven’s name have you been, child? I’ve been beside myself. I called your mother! I called the police! I was so worried!”
“I got a little lost, Grandmother,” said Reed. “I’m sorry.”
“You should be sorry, young lady!” The grandmother’s stern expression melted into relief and she hugged Reed close. “I’m just thankful you’re okay! Let me call your mother and the police to let them know and then we’ll have our lesson for today.”
“Yes, Grandmother.”
Reed went into the studio and took off her boots. She wrapped her feet and slid them into the new pointe shoes. She got to her feet and tested the shoes, raising up onto her toes. As she knew it would, it hurt, the ache of it sliding up her body to her brain, but Reed smiled. It was familiar pain. It was the sting of dedication, the ache of ambition, the agony of passion. It was art.
6 Comments
Meg
2/21/2015 09:48:44 am
Yay! Excellent :)
Reply
Jared Lopatin
2/21/2015 10:09:45 am
Glad you like approve! 😃
Reply
KC
2/21/2015 07:46:25 pm
That was good. I got the impression of a twist to Red Riding Hood :). Thank you for not putting the word bear after koala lol. So one of my pet peeves LOL. Seriously, I enjoyed this and definitely want to read more. You are proving to be quite versatile in your writings :)
Reply
Jared
2/22/2015 02:38:18 am
I was sort of going for a Red Riding Hood, fairy-tale themed beginning. I figured it would be something a little different. :) I've gotten in trouble with bear references in the past, so I try to avoid those now. So happy that you're enjoying these!
Reply
sharon
2/22/2015 06:02:15 am
quite enjoyable. art isn't easy....
Reply
Jared
2/22/2015 06:25:07 am
...every minor detail is a major decision. Ain't it the truth!
Reply
Leave a Reply.
Short Stories
Please enjoy this random smattering of tales.
Mashup Challenge is open!
In the comments, suggest characters, locations, objects or a genre, and I'll create a short story for you.


Many businesses closed after the pandemic started. Aside from small businesses, large retailers also filed for bankruptcy after consumers stayed home to avoid catching the virus. A lot of employees lost their jobs due to these closures.
While many looked for other jobs, some opted to start businesses after seeing opportunities during the health crisis. July 2020 saw more than 552,000 new business applications, which is nearly 100 percent higher compared to the year before.
Many people will find this surprising, but setting up a new business or startup increases efficiency in the industry. Established companies will work harder to maintain their lead in the market due to the entry of new competitors.
But new startups have to work hard to gain a foothold in the market they are entering. Here are the things that entrepreneurs should consider when setting up a startup in the middle of a pandemic.
Establish the Motivation for the Startup
The first thing that an entrepreneur should do is establish the motivation or reason for the business or startup. The motivation or reason should provide the stimulus in keeping the startup going. The motivation can be the passion for providing services to the community or the aim to fulfill a need in the market. Any of these motivations should be enough to encourage the entrepreneur to start and develop the business.
Aside from the motivation, the entrepreneur should also set short-term and long-term goals for the startup. This gives the entrepreneur something to focus on for a specific period. They should also integrate these goals into the business plan. Additionally, the entrepreneur should choose a business structure to use for the startup. They can opt for a limited liability company or LLC to get liability protection for their assets.
Determine the Tasks to Delegate
At the start, entrepreneurs will handle everything in the startup. But as the business grows, they will have to delegate tasks to other people to allow them to focus on more critical tasks in the business. And even before it grows, they should already know the tasks they should delegate to ensure a smooth transition when the day comes.
More often, the tasks that the entrepreneur should delegate are administrative and accounting tasks, such as taking inventory of business assets and ensuring taxes are paid on time. The entrepreneur can assign these tasks to an assistant.
They can even assign social media management to a capable assistant who can provide witty posts on the social media accounts of the startup. In this situation, the entrepreneur should find someone well-versed in the industry that the startup is a part of to ensure they can provide accurate information to the questions of the startup’s clients.
Look for Funding
Even though some entrepreneurs have the capital to set up a startup, many require funding from public or private financial institutions. The startup can look into getting funding from the US Small Business Administration (SBA).
The government agency can help businesses acquire funding through loans, self-funding, or investors. Securing a loan gives the entrepreneur complete control of the startup so that they can meet their financial obligations. On the other hand, self-funding allows entrepreneurs to tap their family and friends and their resources to finance the startup.
The third option requires the entrepreneur to turn to investors to provide the funding for the startup. In this option, the entrepreneur will give investors ownership share of the startup. They can also take an active role in the startup.
If the entrepreneur opts for the third option, they can hire the best private equity marketing firm to increase the appeal of the startup. These firms also increase the chances of closing these financing deals. These firms perform public relations and promote the startup in the market.
Highlight Social Benefits
Once the startup begins operating, it should focus on the social benefits it can offer in the market. The entrepreneur can highlight what it can do to improve the community it is a part of. It should also demonstrate that it aims not only to sell its products and services but also to help its customers.
Adding a social benefit to patronizing the business offered by the startup increases its appeal in the market. The startup can even donate a portion of its proceeds to a charitable institution that helps the community. This gives customers another reason to continue supporting the startup, especially in the middle of a health crisis.
Setting up a startup is challenging, especially during a pandemic. Due to this, entrepreneurs should prepare everything before they announce their entry into the market.
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Lake County News,California - Pre-pandemic early childhood enrollment expanded as more enrolled in public preschool
Wednesday, 08 December 2021
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Pre-pandemic early childhood enrollment expanded as more enrolled in public preschool
KEVIN MCELRATH
Posted On Wednesday, 24 November 2021 03:50
24 November 2021
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State funding of preschool programs surpassed $9 billion in the District of Columbia and the 44 states that funded preschools in the 2019-20 school year and policymakers are increasingly focusing on early childhood education, including the current administration’s proposed initiative of universal preschool for 3- and 4-year-olds.
These initiatives may facilitate more preschool enrollment, which research links to improved academic and behavioral outcomes for children later in life.
So, how has U.S. enrollment in preschool programs changed in recent years?
U.S. Census Bureau analysis of data from the American Community Survey (ACS) from 2005 to 2019 shows the percentage of children ages 3 and 4 enrolled in preschool overall went up during that period.
This period of analysis ended before the COVID-19 pandemic hit the U.S. so does not reflect its impact on preschool enrollment.
The proportion of 3- and 4-year-olds enrolled in preschool increased from 2005 to 2008 by 3.4 percentage points to 47.4% (Figure 1) but after that declined until 2013.
While other factors may have been at play, the global recession most likely contributed to this downward trend as many parents were out of work and may have been unable to afford preschool.
However, as noted, preschool enrollment started to inch up again in 2013 and has resumed its upward trend.
Changes in types of preschools
Along with the overall growth in enrollment, 2005 to 2019 saw a major shift in the type of preschools parents chose: Public schools became much more prominent.
From 2005-2019, the percentage of preschool enrollees attending public school increased by 6.6 percentage points, to 59.7% (Figure 2).
Differences by state
In 2019, preschool enrollment was highest in the Northeast, with most states in the region enrolling 54% or more of their 3- and 4-year-olds.
However, other states, including Illinois and Mississippi, also had high levels of preschool enrollment. And more than 80% of 3- and 4-year-olds in the District of Columbia, which implemented an expansive universal preschool program in 2008, were enrolled in preschool in 2019.
Although the geographic pattern of growth in preschool enrollment was not confined to a certain region or state, the Northeast and West can be characterized as high-growth areas.
New England states started with a high level of preschool enrollment in 2005 but other places, such as Nevada and Washington, expanded their preschool enrollment from relatively low initial levels.
The ACS data show that preschool enrollment changed across the United States from 2005 to 2019 and a larger share of children were enrolled in preschool by the end of the study period.
Federal and state governments can use this ACS data to explore changes in preschool enrollment as they consider early education policies.
The Census Bureau is studying geographic and demographic factors that may help explain why some children are enrolled in preschool and others are not.
Enrollment during the pandemic
Recently released 2020 data from another survey, the Current Population Survey (CPS), showed declines in preschool enrollment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
According to CPS data, the percentage of kids ages 3 and 4 enrolled in school fell from 54% in 2019 to 40% in 2020, the first time since 1996 that fewer than half of the children in this age group were enrolled. Nursery school enrollment fell by 25% (from 4.7 million to 3.5 million).
Future data releases will tell us if preschool enrollment rebounds after the pandemic.
See the 2020 CPS school enrollment tables for more information on enrollment during the pandemic in 2020.
Kevin Mcelrath is a survey statistician in the Census Bureau’s Social, Economic and Housing Statistics Division.


HOW grateful that Waveney MP Bob Blizzard is to step in and ask government to help Waveney District Council in its current difficulties with the Benefits Agency.
HOW grateful that Waveney MP Bob Blizzard is to step in and ask government to help Waveney District Council in its current difficulties with the Benefits Agency.
Unfortunately, when the long suffering Council tax payer looks at the 'help' received from Westminster during the last 12 years of Labour in power one can't help but think this particular silver lining masks a very dark cloud indeed.
Mr Blizzard might address himself to the following: local government reform in 2000 that ushered in the era of fat cat local government managers - there are now over a 1,000 earning in excess of �100,000; council tax more than doubled, with no discernable improvement in services, as councils spend a fortune on the tick box culture and internal audits to satisfy government's obsession with target setting and compliance; the massive increase in benefit costs as welfare dependency becomes either a career option or lifestyle choice for millions - there are over seven million people of working age now classed as 'economically inactive'; uncontrolled, mass immigration with commensurate demands on schools, hospitals, housing, and benefits - how ludicrous was Jack Straw's earlier assertion that we'd receive only 16,000 migrants from eastern Europe? business rates paid in Waveney given directly to the Treasury before redistribution to Labour's client state across the UK; inflation busting wage rises -set by central government - and gold plated pensions for public sector employees to appease Labour's paymasters in the trade unions, but paid for by higher taxes on jobs and workers in the remnants of the productive, private sector economy.
One can only conclude from the above that with friends in government like this, the taxpayers of Waveney certainly don't need any enemies.
STEPHEN CHILVERS
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If you've not studied Emotional Intelligence you should, especially if you want to be a top performer. Two powerful reasons back up that statement. First, research shows that the overwhelming difference between top performers and average performers is higher levels of Emotional Intelligence. The second reason? Emotional Intelligence is totally learnable.
Emotional Intelligence (what many call "EQ") is a type of skill or intelligence that enables you to perceive and assess the emotions, desires, and tendencies of yourself as well as of those around you, and make the best decision for all concerned that moves everyone in the direction of a common goal.
There's a lot in that definition. To succeed, one must start with some essential understandings and also become a student of the different styles of behaviors (four core styles exist), different human values (six basic value systems provide a good start), and different thinking styles (four distinct measurements form the most common models).
One could spend years studying these things, and in fact, many do, usually finishing with a psychology degree. But for us non-psychologist types, we can still learn what makes people tick.
Four-fifths of the difference between top and average performers is higher EQ.
Contrary to popular belief, it's a relatively simple undertaking. Also, since more than two thirds of the difference between top performers and average performers is EQ, it's practically a no-brainer to study it if you want to be a top performer.
By the way, if you're in a top leadership position, the reason to study is even stronger: in senior positions, four-fifths of the difference between top and average performers is higher EQ.
Setting the foundation
A detailed explanation requires more space than what's available here, but we do have room to set the foundation. What follows are ten essential understandings about relationship management that some say ought to be common sense.
But after 20+ years of working with managers at all levels and across a wide spectrum of industries, I've found too many people who have not yet learned these things. Therefore, if your work involves dealing with people (most jobs do), and you want a foundation upon which you can build your emotional intelligence skills, here are a few things to know:
1. In the realm of personality styles, we should drop the ideas of "good" and "bad." People are just different.
2. People often equate "different" with "difficult." In reality, different is difficult only because people haven't learned to work effectively with the differences.
3. In the same way that a stick has two ends, people have strengths and weaknesses. All strengths have an associated weakness, and all weaknesses have an associated strength. You choose which end of the stick will receive your attention.
4. All personality styles add to team strength; it's just a matter of focusing on strengths rather than weaknesses. By focusing on strengths you'll get stronger. By focusing on weaknesses, you'll get weaker.
5. Seeking the strengths in differing styles does not come naturally � it takes constant effort.
6. We cannot be effective if we expect everyone else to meet us on "our turf."
7. We cannot assume we know another person's definition of "win." We may have a general idea, but to truly be effective we must ask.
8. If we place personal goals over those of others, the team, and/or the organization's vision and mission, we create divisions. This severely weakens our ability to maximize results.
9. Effectiveness has to with doing the right thing, efficiency has to do with getting things done fast. When working with people, effectiveness is rarely efficient. The best results usually come when we take the necessary time in our relationships to do things right.
10. It's one thing to understand these things, it's another thing to do them. The longest road can be the 18 inches between your head and your heart.
The best place to start
After internalizing these essential understandings, many people want to start studying others around them. Not a good idea. According to the majority of literature on leadership and the EQ model itself, the best place to start is by becoming more self-aware. I suggest people select one of the core behavioral spectrums and dig in.
Let's select "problem solving" as an example. Start by examining the pros and cons about the way you solve problems (remember that every strength has a weakness and every weakness has a strength). Then examine other ways problems can be solved, only be careful, because what you view as a weakness also has a correlating strength. As I pointed out in number three above, which end of the stick receives your focus is up to you.
Also, as stated above, being successful at this takes continual effort, and nothing works well if we expect everyone else to meet us on our turf.
By the way, if you think you lack the self-discipline to study these things on your own, think about getting a coach. Either way, if you want to increase your ability to be a top performer, dig in!
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About The Author
Dan Bobinski
Daniel Bobinski teaches teams and individuals how to use emotional intelligence and how to create high impact training. He�s also a best-selling author, a popular speaker, and he loves helping teams and individuals achieve workplace excellence
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