What does quackery mean? First, it is a big business. http://skepdic.com/quackery.html "Quackery used to be a pejorative term describing medical charlatanism. Sometimes the quack or purveyor of nostrums did not trouble to include a potent drug but merely used any bitter-tasting dark herb or vegetable with common salt or sulfur. Take a look at 10 outrageous medical quackery examples. Moreover, the dividing line between what is quackery and what is not is by no means sharp. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The typical quack may be a man or a woman and is likely to be striking in appearance and personality. Meaning of quackery. It's one thing for a product to claim that you'll have a brighter smile and better skin if you use it. Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. primitive methods of medical treatment, well-known among all peoples from antiquity and usually accompanied by various rituals. Share; Tweet ; Representative Image- Pixabay. To me, quackery involves some kind of intentional dishonesty and deception, knowingly lying about having medical training or expertise. Quackery Quackery, a form of a health fraud, is any advertisement, promotion, or sale of products and services that have not been scientifically proven safe and effective (Meeks, et al, 2011). quackery Bogus therapy Health fraud False representation of a substance, device or therapeutic system as being beneficial in treating a medical condition–eg, 'snake oil' remedies, diagnosing a disease, or maintaining a state of health; eliberate misrepresentation of the ability of a substance or device to prevent or treat disease. Toward the end of the 19th century, alcohol was used as a solvent, and it yielded its typical effects to the satisfaction of the users. Medical testimonies are problematic even in contemporary drug advertising, wherein an individual will assert, in a TV or print ad, how a certain drug or product has greatly improved his or her life. La palabra quack deriva de la palabra arcaica de origen neerlandés quacksalver, … Another trick readily employed by quacks is single-source references, meaning a list of studies generated by a single person or entity. Medical quackery- A drugless or bloodless medical treatment, cures and remedies of various health condition. health quackery in america from its colonial roots to the late 1960s this collection of essays discusses more recent health scams and reconsiders earlier ones american health quackery collected essays of james harvey young young james harvey editorial princeton university press isbn 978 0 691 60036 9 james harvey young the foremost expert on the history of medical frauds finds quackery … Living with a chronic health problem is hard. It not always done for the purpose of financial gain but often to concoct or contort fact simply to suit one's own personal beliefs or pretensions. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007393.pub4, Fu PP, Xia Q, Guo L, Yu H, Chan PC. But when any product actively promotes itself as treating (or lessening the impact of) a wide range of unassociated illnesses, be wary. Shereen Lehman, MS, is a healthcare journalist and fact checker. To me, quackery involves some kind of intentional dishonesty and deception, knowingly lying about having medical training or expertise. Oftentimes they make remarkably convincing cases, even carrying professional credentials that provide them the veneer of respectability. Examples: • A person who is not a surgeon perform a surgery operation for lumps such as goiter without opening the lump and wound. Indeed, in the realm of cosmetology, quackery and nostrums seem destined forever to reap a pecuniary harvest. It is the same practice regularly embraced by quack researchers. Quackery can be defined as the publicity of baseless methods that lack valid scientific notions and an individual who practices the same is termed to be a quack. Quackery is not sold with a warning label. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Even among HIV practitioners, a number of natural products are frequently employed, including, for example, the topical or transdermal use of capsicum (a compound found in chili peppers) which can alleviate the pain associated with drug-induced peripheral neuropathy., But the fact that something has been around for centuries doesn't always translate to the larger consumer market. Dennis Sifris, MD, is an HIV specialist and Medical Director of LifeSense Disease Management. As much as you think the adulteration is in many of the articles in our diet. Quackery is often described as "health fraud" with the salient characteristic from aggressive promotion. And that's the point. Quackery, in the broadest terms, is “anything involving overpromotion in the field of health.” A quack is “a pretender to medical skill; a charlatan” and “one who talks pretentiously without sound knowledge of the subject discussed.” Whether directly or indirectly, a vein of conspiracy runs through many of their arguments, and that’s a problem. Can the Poria Mushroom Strengthen Your Immune System? Definition of quackery in English English dictionary The practice of fraudulent medicine, usually in order to make money or for ego gratification and power; health fraud An … Unfortunately, in health matters, this is no simple task. What does QUACKERY mean? If ever encountering such a product, take any testimonial you see with a grain of salt. It's a fair question and often a tough one. Quackery definition, the practice or methods of a quack. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. Quacks present their "science" as proof while painting themselves as truth-tellers suppressed either by the government, corporations or the medical establishment. At its very heart, quackery is characterized by a dismissal of traditional science by an individual or group, while refusing to concede any doubts about the validity of their own research. Quackery, the characteristic practice of quacks or charlatans, who pretend to knowledge and skill that they do not possess, particularly in medicine. Quackery definition is - the practices or pretensions of a quack. May 30, 2019. With the coming of radio, some quacks secured radio stations to sell promised cures, and television has also been so employed. Medical quackery in the United States dates to the earliest days of the colonies when medical practice was broadly defined and poorly regulated. Do Agaricus Mushrooms Have Health Benefits? quackery Bogus therapy Health fraud False representation of a substance, device or therapeutic system as being beneficial in treating a medical condition–eg, 'snake oil' remedies, diagnosing a disease, or maintaining a state of health; eliberate misrepresentation of the ability of a substance or device to prevent or treat disease. Published January 25, 1994. Since 1996 it has operated the alternative medicine watchdog website quackwatch… In 1775, of the more thana 3000 individuals who claimed the title of "doctor," fewer than 400 had formal training and certification from university medical schools. It’s easy to see why people might … How to Avoid Being Tricked. 2. In order to satisfy the scrutiny of ethics review, clinical scientists will reference every facet of their research in exacting detail, allowing peers clear insights as to how conclusions were drawn. Medical quackery is loosely defined as the practice of palming off falsehoods as medical fact. Education of the public in physiology, anatomy, and hygiene have not served to dispel gullibility. A huge amount of money is spent on fraudulent health products and … It can even include manufacturers of certain over-the-counter products and supplements, who tacitly suggest medical benefits that have never actually been established. Quackery can extend to individuals or groups who deny science ("deniers"), who will cement their contrarian views by selectively choosing which pieces of science to accept and which to ignore. See more. Whenever a new discovery is made in any field of science, the charlatan may take advantage of public interest and lack of information to utilize it with exaggerated claims. The fact that something is shown to be inconclusive doesn’t mean that it is inherently wrong. The fact that a certain product or technique has been embraced by millions over the course of generations does suggest benefits that would be wrong to outright dismiss. Do your research, and inform your doctor if you ever decide to use any form of complementary medicine. Vitamins have been incorporated in preparations for growing hair or preventing grayness, without any real evidence that they could be helpful. Read our, Medically reviewed by Arno Kroner, DAOM, LAc, Medically reviewed by Richard N. Fogoros, MD, Medically reviewed by Lana Butner, ND, LAc, Medically reviewed by Rochelle Collins, DO, Verywell Health uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. A huge amount of money is spent on fraudulent health products and services. Quackery is not a problem limited to Chennai, or to Tamil Nadu where 50,000 quack doctors operate according to the IMA. Quackery can be broadly defined as “anything involving overpromotion in the field of health.” This definition would include questionable ideas as well as questionable products and services, regardless of the sincerity of their promoters. The rods cost one shilling to manufacture and sold for $5.00. By identifying your own personal biases—the negative feelings you may harbor about government, health authorities or medicine itself—you can better separate science from pseudo-science and avoid falling prey to products that either waste your money or, worse yet, place your good health at risk. Always be suspicious of any product, device or program that promises remedy to a whole range of possible illnesses. Quackery can be broadly defined as “anything involving overpromotion in the field of health.” This definition would include questionable ideas as well as questionable products and services, regardless of the sincerity of their promoters. However, there are several tell-tale clues to rely upon when faced with uncertain or questionable science. Quackery as a noun (legal, medicine, uncountable): The practice of fraudulent medicine, usually in order to make money or for ego gratification and power; health fraud. Quackery and Fraudulent Health Claims This video shows how false claims are used to sell products, and are frequently found on the internet. Quackery is not sold with a warning label. quack′y adj. The three types of quackery known are: Medical. Quackery is short for quack-salver, which is derived from two Middle Dutch terms that mean "healing with unguents." Vanity had the next strongest appeal. The best way to avoid being tricked is to stay away from tricksters. A charlatan; a mountebank. Sifting medical fact from pseudoscience can sometimes be tricky. This is often seen with quack remedies for HIV which purport to bolster a person's immune response, the principles of which are then applied to any number of associated and non-associated diseases. At times, homeopathy, recital of ritualistic codes, manipulation of bones, muscles, and tendons, complicated machines of no particular merit, lights (plain and coloured), static electric currents, and even radioactivity have been vaunted as useful in the control of disease and the promotion of health. In this two-part article, I will disclose some of the most popular ploys used by quacks operating in the realm of alternative medicine, and I will offer some advice on quackery … Definition of quackery in English English dictionary The practice of fraudulent medicine, usually in order to make money or for ego gratification and power; health fraud An instance of practicing fraudulent medicine charlatanry {n} mean or bad acts in physic, deceit The acts, arts, or boastful pretensions of a quack; false pretensions to any art; empiricism The practice of medicine by … Can Osha Root Really Treat Cold, Flu, and Sore Throat? Health fraud or health quackery is the promotion and advertising as well as the sale of products and services that have not been scientifically proven safe and effective for consumers to use. Quackery is a health scam that promotes bogus products and services that do not have scientific and proven quality or effects. But the simple truth is that medical quacks succeed by preying on the doubts and fears of vulnerable populations, promising the kind of medical certainties that science often can't. Moreover, the dividing line between what is quackery and what is not is by no means sharp. Radium was said to be incorporated in magical magnetic belts, and radium plasters with infinitesimal amounts of radioactivity were purveyed. https://www.britannica.com/topic/quackery, National Museum of Civil War Medicine - Quackery and the Civil War, Verywell Health - The 5 Signs of Medical Quackery, manipulation of bones, muscles, and tendons. The spread of the Internet offered a vast array of new opportunities for quacks: spam provided a vehicle for them to solicit their wares at almost no cost, and law enforcement agencies could do little to combat outrageous claims from individuals on the other side of the globe. Medical Quackery is an overpromotion of anything in the field of health and wellness. Quackery primitive methods of medical treatment, well-known among all peoples from antiquity and usually accompanied by various rituals. First, it is a big business. An untrained person who pretends to be a physician and dispenses medical advice and treatment. Medical quacks will generally suggest they have skills or insights that qualify them as experts or have unveiled secrets that governments and business want to actively suppress. Second, it multiplies and spreads fast. Does Apple Cider Vinegar Really Help Prevent and Control Gout? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Medical quacks will often omit medical references from their research or provide dodgy ones with no means to access actual reports (for example, by listing New England Journal of Medicine, 2014 and nothing else). US Postal Service, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), and ... in the profits., Companion web sites often offered glowing recommendations. Un quack es un «farsante fraudulento o ignorante que finge poseer conocimiento médico» o «una persona que finge, profesionalmente o públicamente, tener destrezas, conocimientos o cualificaciones que no posee; un charlatán». • It is a shor… It is being operated by a quack. Compare with synonyms and related words: deceit vs fraud ; faker vs fraud; fraud vs fraudster; … What does quackery mean? Updates? J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. QUACKERY meaning, definition & explanation.Quackery is the promotion of fr... http://www.theaudiopedia.com What is QUACKERY? , claims were made for mixtures said to contain this substance, ask yourself: where is the promotion unsubstantiated. Print: Corrections product in any form. cost one shilling to manufacture and sold for $ 5.00 to! Or indirectly, a quack operating boldly in public sexual power as you think the is... Means to combat online quackery the development of techniques for advertising and promotion, thrived... 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Marion Eugénie Bauer (1882-1955) was an American composer, teacher, writer, and music critic. She is remembered in the clarinet community for her sonata for clarinet and piano, a duo for clarinet and oboe, and a concertino for oboe, clarinet, and string quartet.
New York
Marion Bauer (1882-1955)
Marion Eugénie Bauer (15 August 1882 – 9 August 1955) was an American composer, teacher, writer, and music critic. She played an active role in shaping American musical identity in the early half of the twentieth century.
For clarinetists she is particularly well-known for her concertino for clarinet, oboe, and string quartet, and a duo suite for clarinet and oboe. However, she also composed a sonata for clarinet and piano. To date, the work has never been professionally recorded. The sonata is more commonly known to violists, for whom she also wrote an edition of the same sonata, and several known recordings with viola and piano do exist. To listen to excerpts of these works, click here or scroll to the bottom of the page.
Biography:
As a composer, Bauer wrote for piano, chamber ensembles, symphonic orchestra, solo voice, and vocal ensembles. She gained prominence as a teacher, serving on the faculty of New York University (then Washington Square College) where she taught music history and composition from 1926–1951. In addition to her position at NYU, Bauer was affiliated with Juilliard as a guest lecturer from 1940 until her death in 1955. Bauer also wrote extensively about music: she was the editor for the Chicago-based Musical Leader and additionally authored and co-authored several books including her 1933 text Twentieth Century Music.
Throughout her life, Bauer promoted not only her own work but new music in general. Bauer helped found the American Music Guild, the American Music Center, and the American Composer’s Alliance, serving as a board member of the latter. Bauer additionally held leadership roles in both the League of Composers and the Society for the Publication of American Music as a board member and secretary, respectively. Very often, she was the only woman in a leadership position in these organizations.
Bauer’s music includes dissonance and extended tertian, quartal, and quintal harmonies, though it rarely goes outside the bounds of extended tonality, save for her brief experimentation with serialism in the 1940s. During her lifetime, she enjoyed many performances of her works, most notably the New York Philharmonic premiere of Sun Splendor in 1947 under the baton of Leopold Stokowski and a 1951 New York Town Hall concert devoted solely to her music.
View her complete biography, from which the above was excerpted, at Wikipedia.org.
Clarinet Compositions
Sonata | 1932/1951 (possible composition date/first publication)
Clarinet and piano
Publisher: Theodore Presser
Purchase option 1: Amazon.com
Purchase option 2: Fick’s Music
Free download option 1: IMSLP.org
To date, no professional clarinetist has ever recorded this sonata. However, recordings do exist of the version for viola and clarinet. The below recordings feature the viola.
Duo Suite, Op. 25 | 1932
Clarinet and oboe
Publisher: CF Peters
Purchase option 1: Groth Music
Purchase option 2: Trevco Music
Free download option 1: IMSLP.org
Concertino | 1944
Clarinet, oboe, 2 violins, viola, cello
Publisher: Boosey and Hawkes (originally, Arrow Music Press)
Free download option 1: IMSLP.org
Rental option 1: Boosey and Hawkes
This work does not appear to be for sale.
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This page was last updated 3/27/2021
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Looking for college audition repertoire for yourself or your student? Try one of these pieces by one of five outstanding composers. Read the full article and listen to excerpts on our website, linked in our bio.
Did you know how easy it is to order music through inter library loan? If you’d like to check out a piece before committing to purchasing, or explore composers whose music may be out of print, inter library loan may be able to help connect you to your curiosities. I’ve been so excited to get my hands on Jost Michaels’ edition of Marie Elisabeth von Sachsen-Meiningen’s Romanze. Jost Michaels, clarinetist and son of composer Ilse Fromm-Michaels, is largely responsible for the preservation of this masterwork.
Hello! Clarinet Music By Women got a new logo, and we are excited to share! Check out the artist, @blackdenimgumby, and then check out our website to find cool music by women composers. #clarinetmusicbywomen


With Social Distancing, Self Quarantine and Shelter in Place becoming the new norm, life as we know it has taken on a whole new meaning. However this shakes out, as a world, we will be forever changed.
If you read my last post at cyclingtravelguide.com, you’ll know that I had to depart my work trip a few days early and drive back from Chicago. While grounded for the time being, I’ve been able to get away from my laptop A few hours a day and hit the pavement, gravel and singletrack, that’s abundant in and around Milford. I’ve pedaled with friends (6 feet apart), my son and alone.
I’ve actually stayed quite close to my home, riding through the community, my gravel kingdom and the trails that surround the forest. It’s been weird seeing so many people out there, walking and hiking, especially on the week days. I guess everyone needs to get out of the house and soak in some Vitamin D.
For those that cannot go to work, this forced vacation is a time that can be spent safely with family, in the outdoors and is a great time to get some home projects done. And remember to thank everyone that is putting their health at risk by going to work every day: Supermarket employees, pharmacies, restaurants, gas stations, truck drivers, delivery services, plumbers, electricians, mechanics and all the great people that keep the world afloat, including all Health Care Workers and First Responders.
I’ll keep this going each week until it comes to some kind of conclusion. Stay safe, be positive and clean everything. We are all in this together, I mean separately.
March 22, 2020	 0
Chicagoland
While sitting home on St. Patrick’s Day, and grounded for now, like most people, I can’t help but wonder where all this is going. The COVID-19 Virus has certainly changed our world. While we should practice social distancing, that does not mean that we cannot get outside. Last week, while in Chicago, I ventured out on a few rides, taking in all that suburban Cook County has to offer.
Bert, a local rider and good friend, invited me to ride with him from his home on Saturday, over to the Lake Katherine area and onto the Cal-Sag Trail, a paved byway, along the Cal-Sag Canal. It was quite windy, but at 45 degrees, warm for Chicagoland in March. Pedaling through, we saw many walkers, runners and cyclists, predominantly because this was a few days before any social distancing was talked about. 30 miles went by quickly.
On Sunday, we ventured out for a longer, hillier ride. Starting at Bert’s house again, we re-traced our route to the Cal-Sag Trail, rode a good portion of it and made our way over to Lemont. The hilly route culminating with the infamous Timberline Drive climb, really showed off the beauty of Cook County and beyond. We traveled back to the Cal-Sag and finished pretty gassed as 54+ miles was the longest ride this year for either of us.
Could not let this photo op pass by
I was able to get out a couple more times after work, later in the week. Nothing huge, but got to experience some more of the hills in Lemont and a little more of the trail.
Bert did promise me a ride from Soldier Field to Wrigley Field along Lake Michigan. It might have happened, however, I was unsure my weekday flight would happen, so I decided to drive home on Saturday night. I’ll take a rain check!
Bert, climbing Timberline Drive
To leave off, a lot is being said about our incredible health care providers, stepping up big in a time of need and it’s well deserved. But I also want to say that our food service workers, pharmacies, supermarket employees, truck drivers, delivery drivers, and gas stations are also staying open as much as possible. First responders, plumbers, electricians and all our service professionals are doing a wonderful job keeping us going and I’m grateful to live in a world where people put others before themselves, thank you!!!
March 17, 2020	 0
Velo Orange Nouveau Randonneur Handlebar: Reviewed
With improved research, design and craftsmanship going into bicycle components, these days, handlebars are all the rage. With numerous new offerings for road, gravel, touring and mountain, there’s no shortage of social media, depicting the perfect bar for you. Myself, I’m usually comfortable on any drop bars.
That said, last year, I ordered a Velo Orange Nouveau Randonneur bar to top off my Kona Honky Tonk. The curvy top and shallow drop got me interested and the silver finish fit in with the retro look I was going for. Right out of the box, the 44cm just worked for me.
Offered in 42, 44 and 46Cm and silver as well as a noir finish for the more modern build, the 12 degree flare gives you more control in the descents over a standard road bar. I put about 1200 miles on the bar and swapped the drivetrain from the Honky Tonk to my Ritchey Breakaway Road to accommodate my work travel.
I liked the bar so much that I ordered one in noir for the Ritchey. Although, it’s a bit taller, the 44cm works just as well on this bike. I’m building the Tonk up with a 9 speed drivetrain, so the silver bar will be back in play.
From Velo Orange:
With comfortable fit characteristics such as shorter reach, shallow drop, and a mellow backsweep, the Nouveau Randonneur Handlebar is optimally designed for long days and nights for riders using integrated shifters and aero brake levers.
The tops are ovalized and swept back ever so slightly from the stem clamp. This makes for a bigger area upon which your hands can rest. A wider palm base means road vibrations and impacts are distributed better and not centralized into a specific spot effectively reducing hand, wrist, and elbow fatigue. Additionally, the sweep lends itself better (than a straight top) to your hands’ natural resting position.
Widths (measured center-to-center at the hoods): 42, 44, 46cm
Backsweep: 5 degrees
Ramp length: 105mm
Traditional reach: 85mm
Drop: 128mm
Stem clamp diameter: 31.8mm
Brake lever clamp diameter: 23.8mm
Weight (44cm): 301g
If your searching for that comfortable handlebar for all day rides, look no further, the Velo Orange Nouveau Randonneur Handlebar is exactly what your looking for.
February 29, 2020	 0
Hooray for Houston
After a surprisingly pleasant trip to Milwaukee, I flew to Port Arthur, Texas and subsequently over to Houston. If you read my last post, you can tell I did not love Port Arthur and you know that while I’m usually in town to work, I’m able to squeeze in some riding a few days a week. Well, from the minute I arrived in Houston, I could tell this was going to be a much different story.
In town for only 3 days, I checked in to my hotel in the Galleria area and drove down to Memorial Park. An employee of the park explained that the loop there was only about a mile. She sent me over to the White Oak Bayou Trail. A google search on the way over showed that it is over 65 miles in length, stretching through Houston and into the suburbs. While I did not get her name, she displayed the common theme I witnessed while in this very nice city, everyone is friendly. She took great interest in making sure I experienced cycling in Houston in the best possible way.
I started out near Sawyer Heights Street and made my way onto the trail, heading west through The Heights and Inwood, 2 very nice neighborhoods. I cruised along the narrow Bayou for about 16 miles until it came to an end. Perfect, as time would allow, 30+ miles was all I could squeeze in. I zipped back, enjoying the urban landscape with breathtaking views of downtown and upscale neighborhoods.
The only downside was that I broke my cleat at the start of the ride and rode the entire way with one foot clipped in. A quick stop at the Bike Barn on Wirt Road the following day was all I needed to get back in my pedals. Jeff installed them while I waited and gave me some great tips on where to ride. Awesome shop and a good resource.
Aside of the cleat issue, it was a fantastic ride. 80 degrees in February, I’ll take that anytime. Being from the northeast, I’m happy when it’s above freezing. Today’s rain, kept me off the bike on my final full day before tomorrow’s travel day. I’m finally going home. 36 days on the road. My coveted Pennsylvania gravel awaits. Look for that at ridingmilford.com.
The way I see it, Houston is for cyclists. I’ll have to explore more on my next stop here, but from what I’ve seen, I can’t wait to get back here.
What’s Playing? What am I listening to while writing or what’s dancing around in my head while riding? Today – Tony Carey – A Fine Fine Day
February 21, 2020	 0
Port Arthur, Texas
After Gettysburg, I was home for 2 days, then I shoved off to Milwaukee. After 6 days, I headed to Port Arthur, Texas for 2 weeks. Port Arthur is in the southeast corner of Texas. Although it’s near the Gulf Coast, access to the water is limited, as industry occupies much of the land near the coast. Most people work at the many oil refineries throughout southeast Texas and southwest Louisiana
My Mother always said, “if you have nothing nice say, say nothing at all”. That said, this is not a cycling Mecca! As a matter of fact, there are not many back roads at all. Most of the infrastructure consists of high traffic, commercial highways. The roads that are available are mostly tar and chip or concrete with huge cracks. There are absolutely no hills as most of the area is below sea level. There are a few bridges with sizable shoulders. Most of these bridges are on state highways, so riding may not be legal, but we have to do what we have to do.
I did squeeze in about 7 rides, thinking that I was going to find a few riders, that could point me in the right direction. That didn’t happen. A call to the closest bike shop (16 miles away in Beaumont) only confirmed my suspicion, there’s no safe place to ride in this area. With not much time after work to travel to a suitable location, I had to make the best of the situation, I straddled my steel steed and just pedaled. After over 200 miles, I learned a few things. Generally, the people are hard working and friendly. Like anywhere else, the farther you get from town, the better the riding gets. I started the week with an informal cruise around town to get familiar with the layout. On ride# 2, I headed towards the water rode on Highway 73 and up the Memorial Bridge (20.5% incline). As I began my descent, I hit some glass and flatted. The walk down was not fun.
Memorial Bridge
Did I mention the wind. What this area lacks in hills, it makes up for with wind. No matter which way you travel your getting a strong head wind either coming or going. But, on my final ride, I finally found some respite. I headed out of my hotel onto Rt. 365. The first 2 miles are rough with heavy traffic. Once you cross Port Arthur Road, 2 lanes go down to one on each side as oil rigs, tanks and lines are replaced by cows, farms and trees. Although the roadway is mostly tar and chip, the serene country setting along with little to no traffic, helped make my final Southeast Texas bike ride a bit more pleasurable.
One of the many oil rigs
Bottom line, this is not a place you want to explore on 2 wheels. I leave today for Houston. I’ll be there 4 days. If all goes well, I’ll get at least one ride in. Stay tuned…..
February 17, 2020	 0
Old Milwaukee
Sent to Milwaukee in February. Wow, I must be real high up on the corporate chain. When I was making my travel arrangements, I honestly thought that it would be much too cold in February to ride a bike. Well, occasionally, I’m wrong. I flew into the Cream City on Saturday, hoping that the Weather Channel was correct in predicting 50 degrees the next day. So as soon as I descended upon my hotel, I unpacked my bike and hoped for the best.
On Sunday, the Mid-West experienced a very unusually warm February 1st. At 52 degrees and sunny, I pedaled out of the Hilton, near Mitchell Airport and headed through Oak Creek to Cudahy and out to Lake Michigan. The 20-30 MPH winds coming off the lake made the trip out to downtown Milwaukee feel like I was in a wind tunnel. I took Lake Drive most of the way, occasionally hoping on the Oak Creek Trail, which runs along the lake. The paved trail was congested with walkers and runners, taking advantage of the unseasonably warm weather. I went through the city and into White Fish Bay and had to turn around, as the wind had crushed my dreams and stole my soul. Just kidding.
Whenever I start writing, I try to find what moves me about a certain place or subject. Well, I found it as I was forced to a crawl in the relentless head wind that seemed to turn around just when I did.
Milwaukee, isn’t just a cute lake city 100 miles northwest of Chicago, It’s a city of real old beers. You won’t find an apricot IPA in one of the old time taverns scattered throughout the Cream City. Almost every bar displays the neon beer signs of the 1970’s. Actually, you could probably find all the fruity Craft beers and IPA’s in most of the trendy downtown restaurants. And it’s not nicknamed the Cream City because it was the home to more breweries than any other U.S. city or because Wisconsin is the dairy state, but because of the cream colored brick that was produced here in the mid to late 1800’s and was used to build an enormous amount of downtown buildings.
I can imagine a ride here in warmer weather. Maybe I’ll be back this summer, who knows. Maybe I’ll venture into downtown. But until then, I’ll remember how nice it was to ride along the shores of Lake Michigan’s beautiful blue waters.
February 4, 2020	 0
Ghosts of Gettysburg
Wedged between the Michaux State Forest and the Mason Dixon Line, lies the City of Gettysburg, PA. Famous for the brutal Civil War battle that lasted 3 days and claimed more than 51,000 casualties. As I write this, I can’t help but reflect on my 2+ weeks in this historical placed that means so much to so many.
First of all, the weather in mid January has been terrific. Since I arrived on the 14th, it’s been mid 40’s all but one day, which was a snow storm. My first ride was the day before the storm. I decided that I would explore the battlefields and take a tour of the town. The battlefields have an amazing network of about 27 miles of paved roads. Although hilly, I was able to roller coaster my way through this chilling memorial to each and every battalion, regiment, troop and unit that came from all of the 13 Colonies.
I got caught in a complete whiteout that lasted for about 20 minutes, adding to the surreal scene. On my ride back to the hotel, I had an eerie feeling like I had just visited the dead.
A couple of days later, I got out for a quick spin around town. The roads were still iced over in the battlefield from the previous days storm. Then, as I prepared for my next ride. I discovered a frayed rear derailleur cable. I rode out to Gettysburg Bicycle to see about an on the spot repair. Kate, filled my tires and I shot out for a nice loop around Taneytown Rd and Blacksmith Shop Road, encircling the Gettysburg National Military Park. There’s a bit of a shoulder, allowing even the most novice rider enough room to comfortably ride what is mostly a well paved road system. I dropped my bike off at the shop and Kate fixed it’s up and had it ready for the next day. She made a nice recommendation on a cool little eatery for lunch. The team at Gettysburg Bicycle, Jess, Kate and crew did a wonderful job, making me feel like a regular. They have a nice selection of bikes, accessories and gear. Definitely worth it to stop in if your in the neighborhood!
The following day, I decided to try another route. Pedaling up York Street and turning left on Hanover Road, I followed Hanover through what appeared to be mainly farm country. There were some long gradual climbs with a helpful tail wind going out. I got all the way out to Mcsherrystown before turning around. Once I got going towards town, I got hit with a monsterous headwind, making the trek back a bit slower.
It was so much fun riding here. If you have to travel for work, you could get stuck in a lot worse places. Next time I’ll bring my gravel bike and hit up some dirt roads in Michaux. If you have the chance, get out and explore a hidden gem!
Here’s a few more pics of the battlefield and beyond.
January 28, 2020	 0
Ritchey Breakaway Steel Road
In preparation for my upcoming trip, I decided to take the new Ritchey Breakaway Road bike for a spin today. First, let me start by telling you what went into the build. I stole the drivetrain, brakes and wheelset from my Kona Honky Tonk. If you read my other blog, ridingmilford.com, you know that I love the Tonk and will have it built back up before summer.
I’ve always appreciated a new bike, but really take pride in building up a frame with my chosen parts spec. I built up the chromoly steel frame and full carbon fork in my garage with the following:
SRAM Force 11 Speed Rear Derailleur, Front Derailleur & Crankset. SRAM Red Shifters, SRAM GXP Bottom Bracket, Ritchey WCS Headset, Velo Orange Grand Cru Brakeset, Bontrager Race Lite Wheelset, Bontrager R3 TLR 700X26 tires, Velo Orange Nouveau Randonneur Handlebar, Velo Orange Grand Cru Seatpost, Thomson Elite Stem, Speedplay Zero Pedals and for now, a WTB Pure saddle. The bike came in at just over 18lbs without pedals.
Now for the ride. I did a 26 mile loop from Milford, PA through Northern Sussex County, NJ and back into town. I hit a couple climbs, scampered across the Delaware River on 2 different bridges and got a really good projection of how this bike is going to handle while pedaling through new territory. Well, the ride quality is very good. It climbed like a 15 pound carbon race bike and descended just as well. More miles will ultimately provide for better feedback. I can’t wait to travel with this steed.
Next, we will pack and unpack the bike into it’s own suitcase. Let’s see how much gear we can stuff in without bringing it over the airlines 50lb weight limit for normal size bags.
January 11, 2020	 0
Traveling with a Bicycle Stories, Insights & Thoughts
Recently, my work has sent me flying from state to state, living out of a suitcase for weeks on end, sleeping in hotels, eating halfway decent food.
But, as I mentioned on my other blog, Riding Milford, I’ve been going out of my mind sitting idle in my hotel, wishing I was on a bike, hammering through the woods or up and down the hills of my beautiful hometown, Milford, PA.
I attempted to quell my urge, by outfitting a folding bike to fit my needs, getting a suitable carrying case, and coercing the airlines into checking it as regular luggage. While serving it’s purpose for at least 3 trips to Kansas City, Dallas and San Benadino, CA, I grew tired of fighting the bike uphill and crawling at a pedestrian pace
After much research, I purchased a Ritchey Breakaway Road Frame. The chroMoly steel frame with Ritchey WCS carbon fork, comes with the travel case, headset, and 3 cable disconnects. The frame splits in half, allowing it to fit into it’s own unique suitcase. It’s held together at the bottom of the down tube, by a simple locking ring and a double seat post binder completes the task. Ritchey’s innovative clamping system is a lot prettier than other travel bikes that are held together with SS couplers. Those are all pretty nice bikes, but Ritchey has found a way to keep the clamping system virtually invisible.
How does it ride? How well does it pack and unpack? Does it travel well and how easy is assembly and disassembly? These are all questions for future posts.
You can expect to see descriptions of rides from across the country as well as stories of the joys of cycling and the culture of cycling in different locales. There will be posts from guest writers and from time to time, some product reviews.
As I check my work schedule and get ready to roll, I’m researching products that will aid my travels. Stay tuned…..


The Impact of COVID-19 on African Civil Society Organizations – Ongoing Uncertainty and a Glimmer of Optimism
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28/10/2021	 0
Call to African Civil Society Organisations – Participate in the 2021 African CSO COVID-19 Survey
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01/06/2021	 0
COVID-19 and African CSOs – Tracking the Pandemic’s Impact on the Sector
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Africa Desert Running Calendar 2021
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New Report – The Impact of COVID-19 on African Civil Society Organizations
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COVID-19 and NPOs in South Africa: Fundraising and Sustainability in Uncertain Times
(This article was first published on the Tara Transform website) The COVID-19 pandemic, national lockdown and resulting economic slowdown have disrupted every aspect of South African society. This situation also has far-reaching implications for the role that nonprofit organisations (NPOs) play in the lives of millions of South Africans. The more than 220 000 NPOs... Continue Reading →
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Call to civil society organisations in Africa – Participate in the African CSO COVID-19 Survey
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When I was first starting I was horrified by this, when trying to literally translate Fortran to Julia:
julia> function f()
          local x = Vector{Float64}(undef,3)
          local y = Vector{Float64}(undef,3)
          y[1] = 1.0
          x = y
          y[1] = 2.0
          println(x[1])
       end
f (generic function with 1 method)

julia> f()
2.0

Now I am used to it, and see that that is a price to pay to have a dynamically typed language. The fact that x is not anymore the vector I defined at start was surprising and, of course, a source of errors that Fortran does not have. There are trade-offs.
edit: In fortran this returns â€œ1.0â€�:
program main
  implicit none
  double precision :: x(3), y(3)
  y(1) = 1.
  x = y
  y(1) = 2.
  write(*,*) x(1)
end program main
2 Likes
Julia's loop scope behavior differs from Fortran?
Tamas_Papp November 18, 2020, 1:27pm #2
CosmoProf:
the entire â€œscopeâ€� setup of variables in Julia is a horror, plain and simple.
Please consider the possibility that it is just unfamiliar, and after a few months or years of programming, you may appreciate Juliaâ€™s scoping rules as very well-designed.
CosmoProf:
just writing a simple program with a detailed control flow leads constantly to errors and spurious results
It is hard to say more without a specific example, but you may just be fighting the language here by not writing idiomatic code. Again, just give it time.
5 Likes
mbauman split this topic November 18, 2020, 4:29pm #3
6 posts were merged into an existing topic: Juliaâ€™s loop scope behavior differs from Fortran?
CosmoProf November 18, 2020, 2:40pm #9
leandromartinez98:
When I was first starting I was horrified by this, when trying to literally translate Fortran to Julia:
julia> function f()
          local x = Vector{Float64}(undef,3)
          local y = Vector{Float64}(undef,3)
          y[1] = 1.0
          x = y
          y[1] = 2.0
          println(x[1])
       end
f (generic function with 1 method)

julia> f()
LeandroM, Iâ€™m flabbergasted that this program you wrote produces that result. Itâ€™s like thereâ€™s no sense of causality. So x = y creates some kind of life-long bond between the variables (within the function), so that if 500 lines later, you update the value of y, then the value of x gets silently updated too?? I canâ€™t believe that.
1 Like
leandromartinez98 November 18, 2020, 2:44pm #10
Told ya.
That is how things work in every dynamically typed language. x = y means that the name x is bound now to the value that was associated with the name y. The â€œpreviousâ€� x is lost forever. If you want that the elements of x are associated with the values that are assigned to the elements of y, you need to say that explicitly:
for i in 1:length(x)
  x[i] = y[i]
end
(and there are compact forms of expressing that, as x .= y).
2 Likes
mbauman November 18, 2020, 2:47pm #11
Assignment is naming. Thatâ€™s it. Just remember that and youâ€™ll be in good shape. When you say x = Vector{Float64}(undef, 3), youâ€™re saying to Julia that you want to use the name x for that undef vector.
When you later say x = y youâ€™re saying to Julia that you have a better use for the name x â€” itâ€™ll now be a name for whatever y was at that point. You could later decide you have a better use for the name y and itâ€™ll not change x.
When you say x[1] = 1.0 youâ€™re doing indexed assignment â€” which is wholly distinct from naming. Itâ€™s changing the first value of whatever x means.
17 Likes
Henrique_Becker November 18, 2020, 2:48pm #12
CosmoProf:
so that if 500 lines later, you update the value of y , then the value of x gets silently updated too?? I canâ€™t believe that.
This is exactly what would have happened with the equivalent Python, Java, or C code (for the old pointer arrays).
CosmoProf:
LeandroM, Iâ€™m flabbergasted that this program you wrote produces that result. Itâ€™s like thereâ€™s no sense of causality. So x = y creates some kind of life-long bond between the variables (within the function),
You notice you say there is no link of causality and then you are able to find the link immediately, no?
Please see my post why you should look at variables as labels not boxes.
3 Likes
StefanKarpinski November 18, 2020, 2:49pm #13
Not just dynamically typed languages, itâ€™s the same thing in C and C++ and Java and C# and Scala, etc. If you have double *x, *y; and later you do x = y what happens? It causes x to point to the same memory as y. If you modify that memory it is visible through both references (because itâ€™s the same memory). Fortran is very much the odd man out here in that x = y does more than change what object x points at, it implicitly does a massive copy. The vast majority of languages do not have that kind of semantics for assignment of arrays. Matlab and R do have copy semantics for array assignment (but not other kinds of objects), probably because they were influenced by Fortran, but they are unusual in this.
13 Likes
Henrique_Becker November 18, 2020, 2:55pm #14
To be fair, the C++ equivalent would probably be Vector which does copy the array. C++ and their possibility of redefining how attribution works for each different class also seems like an odd duck.
7 Likes
CosmoProf November 18, 2020, 3:00pm #15
So, what should I expect this function to do?
function abc()
    xOld = 1
    xNew = xOld + 1
    xOld = xNew
    println("xOld = ",xOld,", xNew = ",xNew)
    return
end
By the previous logic, xNew is bound to xOld+1. But then xOld is bound to xNew, so that means xOld must equal xOld+1. So either thereâ€™s a contradiction, or xOld and xNew get ratcheted up to infinity together.
But if you run the program, you just get xOld = xNew = 2, which is what an old Fortran programmer would have expected. So Iâ€™m confused.
StefanKarpinski November 18, 2020, 3:03pm #16
You can try it and see. Note that this example is different as there is no mutation of any objects, only assignment. The array example involves mutation of arrays.
1 Like
CosmoProf November 18, 2020, 3:09pm #17
Iâ€™m afraid I donâ€™t understand the difference how x=y is mutation but xOld=xNew is assignment. Does the equal (=) command mean something different for arrays than for numbers?
pdeffebach November 18, 2020, 3:09pm #18
Numbers always â€œcopyâ€� in julia. There is no concept of mutating a number because numbers are not mutable structs.
1 Like
WschW November 18, 2020, 3:10pm #20
Think more along the lines of eager evaluation then lazy evaluation. The expression on the right hand side is evaluated before it is assigned to the label on the left hand side.
2 Likes
mbauman November 18, 2020, 3:11pm #21
Thereâ€™s never any mutation with a plain x=y thing. Itâ€™s just naming and values. Names on the left, values on the right.
Just like how we use natural languages (like English), a particular thing can have no names, one name, or many names. The names you use for a particular thing can change over time and can be different depending upon which room youâ€™re in (scope).
5 Likes
Henrique_Becker November 18, 2020, 3:11pm #22
You are still thinking of variables as boxes, please look at the post I linked above.
CosmoProf:
By the previous logic, xNew is bound to xOld+1 .
No. xNew is bound to the value resulting from xOld+1 which is 2. xNew is not a closure which will always recompute its value when the variables used to define it are changed. What happened previously happened because you were dealing with a mutable object (a Vector/Array). You used two variables/labels to refer to the same object, and you changed inside the mutable object. So it reflected in the two variables because they are just names for the same object that now is different than it previously was.
3 Likes
StefanKarpinski November 18, 2020, 3:17pm #23
Theyâ€™re the same â€” theyâ€™re both assignment. Itâ€™s the y[1] = 1.0 and y[1] = 2.0 bit thatâ€™s mutation. Without that, arrays and scalars behave the same. Example:
function example_no_mut_scalar()
    xOld = 1
    xNew = 2
    xOld = xNew
    println("xOld = ",xOld,", xNew = ",xNew)
    return
end

function example_no_mut_array()
    xOld = [1]
    xNew = [2]
    xOld = xNew
    println("xOld = ",xOld,", xNew = ",xNew)
    return
end
They work the same way:
julia> example_no_mut_scalar()
xOld = 2, xNew = 2

julia> example_no_mut_array()
xOld = [2], xNew = [2]
The example you were surprised by involves mutation of an array, which cannot be done in the scalar case because integers are not mutable.
function example_mut_scalar()
    xOld = 1
    xNew = 2
    xOld = xNew
    xNew[1] = 1 # not actually possible
    println("xOld = ",xOld,", xNew = ",xNew)
    return
end

function example_mut_array()
    xOld = [1]
    xNew = [2]
    xOld = xNew
    xNew[1] = 1
    println("xOld = ",xOld,", xNew = ",xNew)
    return
end
These behave differently, but only in that mutating a scalar is an error:
julia> example_mut_scalar()
ERROR: MethodError: no method matching setindex!(::Int64, ::Int64, ::Int64)

julia> example_mut_array()
xOld = [1], xNew = [1]
Bottom line: no matter what kind of object youâ€™re dealing with when you do x = y then x points at the same object as y.
10 Likes
Henrique_Becker November 18, 2020, 3:18pm #24
CosmoProf:
Does the equal ( = ) command mean something different for arrays than for numbers?
Yes and no. As @StefanKarpinski pointed out, it is not the type that matters, but if it is x = y or x[i] = y. x = y is defined by the language it (creates a new name x if there was not one and) just binds the value to that name in that scope. x[1] = 2 is a completely different animal, it lowered to (setindex!(x, 2, 1); 2) (i.e., call the function setindex! for the appropriate type of x and return the value passed to it, in this example it is 2), you can see more typing ?setindex! in the Julia REPL.
1 Like
StefanKarpinski November 18, 2020, 3:20pm #25
To clarify, x = y means the same thing for all values regardless of their kind. However x = y and x[i] = y are totally different.
3 Likes
CosmoProf November 18, 2020, 3:21pm #26
I appreciate all of these detailed explanations, guys, but Iâ€™m still not confident that I know whatâ€™s going to happen in a given program. I think Iâ€™m going to have to program, print out, and pray.


The House approved a $480 billion package to help small businesses and hospitals and expand Covid-19 testing.
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The CDC director says a second wave of coronavirus this year could be "even more difficult" next winter.
Go here for updates around the world. Track the spread here.
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10:24 a.m. ET, April 23, 2020
Hospitalizations and ICU patients have decreased in New York City, mayor's office says
A medical worker walks outside of a special coronavirus intake area at Maimonides Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York, on April 21. Spencer Platt/Getty Images
The number of hospital admissions for suspected coronavirus cases in New York City are down, the mayor's office said in a press conference Thursday.
On Tuesday, 227 people were admitted to the hospital, down from 252 the day before.
The number of ICU patients in public hospitals has also decreased to 796 on Tuesday, compared to 821 the day before.
The mayor's office also gave a breakdown of the percentage of positive coronavirus tests: The percentage of positive cases citywide decreased from 33% to 32% on Monday, but increased at Public Health Lab to 57%.
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10:19 a.m. ET, April 23, 2020
House begins debate on establishing coronavirus select committee
From CNN's Haley Byrd
Moments ago, the House began an hour of debate on establishing a select committee on the coronavirus crisis.Rules Committee Chair Jim McGovern and Rules Committee ranking member Tom Cole are leading debate for their parties.
About the committee: House Speaker Nancy Pelosi had initially signaled that the committee would focus its oversight on the historic trillions of dollars in spending that Congress has approved to address the pandemic. But the text of the resolution to establish the committee — released by House Democrats on last night — shows that it would have far-reaching power to investigate how money is being spent as well as to examine US preparedness for the crisis, including deliberations within the Trump administration.
After this, the House will have two hours of debate on the small business loans funding bill.
Votes are expected around 1:30 p.m. ET.
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10:05 a.m. ET, April 23, 2020
More than 300 people died from coronavirus in New York City yesterday
From CNN’s Mark Morales
At least 320 people in New York City died from coronavirus yesterday, Mayor Bill de Blasio said during a press conference this morning.
The city has confirmed an additional 2,519 new positive cases of the virus, he added.
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10:12 a.m. ET, April 23, 2020
Michigan governor: Opening businesses that "pose very little risk" may be appropriate
From CNN's Aditi Sangal
Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer addresses the state during a speech in Lansing, Michigan, on April 20. Michigan Office of the Governor/Pool/AP
Reopening businesses that “pose very little risk” may be appropriate, Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer said Thursday.
“[It’s] appropriate to keep doing that assessment. We may have some announcements in the coming days," she said.
Yesterday, Whitmer announced that she is evaluating the state’s stay-at-home order after receiving the latest data on coronavirus in Michigan.
She did not offer any details on which businesses could be reopened, but said she’s keeping certain questions in mind as she makes the assessment.
“Is it public-facing? Does the majority of the work happen indoors or outdoors? Does it require more than one person using a set of instruments or machinery? These are three of many questions that we're asking to assess risk inherent in different sectors of our economy.”
Watch:
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9:59 a.m. ET, April 23, 2020
Myrtle Beach mayor wants to open economy, but "it just is not a cookie cutter approach"
From CNN's Elise Hammond
People visit the beach in North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, on April 21. Jason Lee/The Sun News/AP
Myrtle Beach Mayor Brenda Bethune said she agrees with South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster's decision to reopen some non-essential businesses and lift restrictions on beach access.
The process must be done carefully and methodically, however, Bethune told CNN.
Bethune said her city sees between 18 million and 20 million visitors a year, and businesses cannot afford to stay closed long-term.
"They are hurting so badly right now. And that is exactly why we are taking this approach of a very well thought out plan, one that does include the businesses, and, you know, it just is not a cookie cutter approach." Bethune said.
Despite South Carolina not meeting the White House's reopening guidelines, McMaster announced that some stores would be allowed to open at 20% capacity or five people per 1,000 square feet. Beaches were allowed to reopen on Tuesday.
Bethune did not directly address the guidelines, but said in order to balance reopening the economy with public health, each community needs to access their situation individually.
"I think that we have to look at our individual communities and not the state as a whole because every community, every county is different," Bethune said. "We're looking at what is right for our area, our businesses, and we want to welcome our visitors back, but we want it to be safe when we do," she added.
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9:17 a.m. ET, April 23, 2020
Former health secretary says putting politics before science is "dangerous"
From CNN's Adrienne Vogt
Then Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius addresses a crowd at the National Council for Behavioral Health's annual conference in National Harbor, Maryland, on May 6, 2014. Patrick Smith/Getty Images
Former Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius criticized President Trump’s response to the coronavirus pandemic, saying it has had confusing and even dangerous effects.
In a statement released on Wednesday, the director of the office involved in developing a coronavirus vaccine said he was suddenly dismissed from his post in part because he resisted efforts to widen the availability of hydroxychloroquine, a drug pushed by the Trump administration.
“It is a very dangerous place to be, if science is going to be overridden by politics or favoritism or I have no idea why this drug is being promoted, but it isn't about science,” Sebelius said in an interview on CNN’s New Day.
The Trump administration’s relationship with science “seems to be rocky at best,” Sebelius said.
She said that US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention officials should be at the forefront of daily briefings and that the American public has been “whipsawed” by competing messages from Trump and science leaders.
“The more those messages get mixed is really about putting lives at risk. … Everybody wants to get back to work. Everybody wants life to be the way it was. It is a scary time both in terms of health and in terms of the economy, but what people need is a consistent, positive message about we're all in this together, and guidelines that make sense and driven by the science so that we save lives and we get people back to work in a safe fashion,” she said.
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8:57 a.m. ET, April 23, 2020
American Red Cross will use antibody testing to help screen for Covid-19 plasma donors
From CNN Health's Jacqueline Howard
The American Red Cross is working to implement antibody testing to help screen for recovered Covid-19 patients who could donate blood plasma to help patients fight the disease, the organization said in a statement yesterday.
The idea is that convalescent plasma, the liquid part of blood, from recovered patients contains antibodies that could help strengthen the immune response of other patients still battling infection.
Last week, the US Food and Drug Administration announced that patients who are fully recovered from Covid-19 for at least two weeks are encouraged to consider donating plasma.
While "thousands of potential donors" responded to that call, less than 10% initially met the FDA's eligibility criteria to donate, according to the American Red Cross statement.
The criteria include having a verified Covid-19 diagnosis and either being symptom free for at least 28 days prior to donation or symptom free for at least 14 days prior to donation while also having a negative Covid-19 test result.
"The Red Cross is currently reviewing and requesting additional information from individuals who have submitted donor information. However, this is a complex process as we work to ensure each potential donor is appropriately screened and has the proper documentation to ensure verify every convalescent plasma product collected is safe for a patient battling COVID-19,” the American Red Cross said in its statement on Wednesday.
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8:56 a.m. ET, April 23, 2020
Task force members had to convince Trump to change his view on Georgia reopening, source says
From CNN's Jim Acosta
Dr. Deborah Birx, White House coronavirus response coordinator, and Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, listen during a coronavirus briefing at the White House on April 9. Andrew Harnik/AP
Members of the coronavirus task force had to convince President Trump to change his view on Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp’s decision to reopen businesses in his state later this week, a source close to the task force told CNN.
At a meeting just prior to yesterday's coronavirus task force briefing, task force members were discussing the likelihood that some of the doctors on the panel would be asked by reporters about Kemp’s controversial move to open up many businesses in Georgia, like nail salons and bowling alleys, the source added.
During the meeting, Dr. Anthony Fauci and others on the task force noted there would be a glaring inconsistency if the scientists were not in agreement with Trump on the Georgia issue during the press conference.
“I cannot defend this publicly,” Fauci said to others at the meeting, according to the source. Members of the group agreed it was necessary to attempt to change Trump’s mind on the subject.
Members of the task force then asked Dr. Deborah Birx, the panel’s coordinator, to try to convince Trump during a more private meeting she had with the President just prior to the news conference.
To the relief of other members of the task force, Trump went on to say he disagreed with Kemp’s decision.
The scientists on the task force, however, were not in agreement with Trump on CDC Director Robert Redfield’s interview in the Washington Post, in which he warned of the difficulties of a second wave of the coronavirus during the cold and flu season. That could not be avoided, the source said.
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8:49 a.m. ET, April 23, 2020
House will vote on $480 billion coronavirus relief package today
From CNN's Clare Foran and Haley Byrd
The US Capitol in Washington is seen from Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia, on April 22. Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images
The House of Representatives will vote on a roughly $480 billion coronavirus relief package later today.
The bill will deliver aid to small businesses and hospitals and expand Covid-19 testing.
The measure passed the Senate on Tuesday and will go to President Trump for his signature after it is approved by the House. Trump has expressed support for the legislation and indicated that he will sign it.
What's in the bill: The total price tag of the bill is approximately $484 billion. It will add to the already historic levels of spending to deal with the pandemic by authorizing an additional $310 billion for the Paycheck Protection Program, which was set up to help small businesses struggling from the economic deep freeze triggered by coronavirus.
In addition, the legislation provides $75 billion for hospitals and health care providers to address coronavirus expenses and lost revenue and $25 billion to facilitate and expand Covid-19 testing.
The House is expected to hold a recorded roll call vote on the package, forcing many lawmakers to return to Washington from their home states and districts during the pandemic.
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An influential coronavirus model is now forecasting that 134,000 people will die of Covid-19 in the US.
At least 46 US states have ordered or recommended school closures for the rest of the school year, according to a CNN tally.
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3:57 p.m. ET, May 5, 2020
Top US general says "we don't know" where the coronavirus materialized from Wuhan
From CNN's Jamie Crawford and Ryan Browne
Joint Chiefs Chairman Gen. Mark Milley WHO PAHO
The top US General in the United States said Tuesday that there is not conclusive evidence on where the virus originated in Wuhan, China, saying “we don’t know” whether it began in a Chinese lab or a wet market.
Joint Chiefs Chairman Gen. Mark Milley said, “Did it come out of the virology lab in Wuhan, did it occur in the wet market there in Wuhan or did it occur somewhere else? And the answer to that is we don’t know and as mentioned by many people various agencies both civilian and US government are looking at that.”
President Trump and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo have repeatedly claimed there is evidence that Covid-19 originated in a Wuhan lab.
Milley said, “the weight of evidence is that it was natural and not manmade,” and also said while there was still not “conclusive evidence” on whether or not the virus was accidentally or deliberately released in Wuhan, China, “the weight of evidence is that it was probably not intentional.”
“It would help a great deal if the Chinese government would open up and allow inspectors and investigators to go there in full transparency so that the world can know the actual original source of this so that we can apply the lessons learned and prevent outbreaks in the future,” he said.
Milley made the comments during an on-camera press briefing Tuesday at the Pentagon alongside Defense Secretary Mark Esper.
Watch here:
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6:09 p.m. ET, May 5, 2020
More than 1,100 Detroit residents have died due to coronavirus
From CNN's Anna Sturla
At least 1,111 Detroit residents have died due to complications related to Covid-19, Mayor Mike Duggan said today.
There are at least 9,449 cases of the virus in the city.
Of the roughly 17,000 tests performed so far, Duggan said that 27% of Detroit residents, and 26% of residents in neighboring suburbs have tested positive for coronavirus.
Duggan also said that budget cuts in the city, beginning at the upcoming end of the fiscal year, extending through June 30, 2021 will total $348 million. Most of that is dipping into Detroit’s reserves that it had developed after the recession, as well as cuts to its urban blight demolition program, Duggan said.
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3:31 p.m. ET, May 5, 2020
Here's how US airlines are handling middle seats and social distancing
From CNN's Greg Wallace and Pete Muntean
Lefteris Pitarakis/AP/FILE
Coronavirus has made it less likely that anyone still flying will be stuck in a middle seat as airlines attempt to help passengers maintain some level of social distance.
Across the industry, flights are generally sparsely populated, giving the airlines and passengers opportunities to spread out. The average US domestic flight currently carries about 17 passengers, according to the latest numbers from air carrier group Airlines for America.
Here's how US airlines are handling social distancing on flights:
Delta Air Lines on Tuesday said it would cap capacity at 50% in first class and 60% in other classes. That’s the furthest formal step of the largest US airlines.
American Airlines is dialing back on the number of middle seats it makes available for customers to select. The airline has announced half of the middle seats are generally off-limits and it “will only use those middle seats when necessary.” It will also allow passengers to move to another seat in their class once all passengers are onboard.
United is also making some middle seats unavailable for customers to select. But the company is also not reducing capacity on flights, so a passenger could be given a middle or adjacent seat. When seats are in groups of two, the airline says it will place customers in alternating spots – for example, window in one row, aisle in the next row.
Southwest Airlines, the only major carrier without assigned seats or different cabin classes, told CNN on Tuesday that as of this weekend, it is under-selling each flight by “roughly a third.” That allows each middle seat to potentially remain empty. But CEO Gary Kelly said the airline does not plan to mandate that all middle seats remain empty.
Frontier announced Tuesday it is taking a different approach. It will allow customers to buy out the middle seat in their row, guaranteeing some level of distancing. Prices start at $39 per flight.
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6:09 p.m. ET, May 5, 2020
Almost half Arkansas' Covid-19 cases are in prisons and nursing homes
From CNN's Jamiel Lynch
Dr. Nate Smith, Director of the Arkansas Department of Health Arkansas Governor's office
More than 1,000 inmates in Arkansas prisons have tested positive for Covid-19, according to Dr. Nate Smith, Director of the Arkansas Department of Health.
Smith said that 876 inmates at the Cummins Correctional Facility have tested positive and another 264 inmates at the Federal Correctional Institute in Forrest City have also tested positive.
Additionally, a total of 261 nursing home residents and 148 staff members have tested positive for the virus. There have been 32 deaths connected to nursing homes in the state.
Dr. Smith said that the state is doing more test at the Cummins facility after previously negative inmates have now tested positive.
In total, at least 3,496 cases and 83 deaths have been reported in the state.
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3:14 p.m. ET, May 5, 2020
37 coronavirus cases reported at a Tyson Foods processing plant in Maine
From CNN's Janine Mack
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Maine is reporting 20 additional positive coronavirus cases at a Tyson Foods plant in Portland.
That brings the total number positive cases there to 37, said Dr. Nirav Shah, director of the Maine CDC, at a news conference on Tuesday.
The Tyson Foods processing plant has been closed since Friday. It will stay closed a few more days so that the Maine CDC can trace the contacts of infected workers, Shah said.
Approximately 309 full-time employees at Tyson were offered a coronavirus test, according to Shah.
At least 1,226 people have tested positive for coronavirus in Maine and 61 people have died since the pandemic began, according to Shah.
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3:05 p.m. ET, May 5, 2020
Texas grocery store chain limits meat sales in parts of the state
From CNN’s Pamela Kirkland
Some shoppers in Texas will be limited on how much meat products they will be able to buy.
"We urge customers to not overbuy meat products, this behavior alone would create a shortage…at this time we have implemented a purchase limit on meat," Texas-based grocery store chain H-E-B tweeted.
In another tweet the company said they have a "strong supply of meat."
The company implemented a five-package combined limit per customer for pork, chicken, and beef products on May 1. The limits vary by area.
Houston-area stores were limited to four packages of ground beef, four packages of chicken, and two packages of beef brisket.
The company noted the limits were temporary and put in place to protect the supply chain in Texas.
Some background: Costco and Kroger have also announced similar limits on meat products in their stores.
The United Food and Commercial Workers International Union estimated last week that 20 meatpacking and food processing workers have died so far. The union said last week the closures have resulted in a 25% reduction in pork slaughter capacity and 10% reduction in beef slaughter capacity.
Tyson Foods warned Monday that it expects more meat plant closures this year. The company also said it will continue producing less meat than usual, as workers refrain from coming to work during the outbreak.
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3:06 p.m. ET, May 5, 2020
More than $5 billion in small business loans paid out in South Carolina
From CNN's Kay Jones
More than $5 billion has been paid out from the Paycheck Protection Program in South Carolina, according to Gov. Henry McMaster.
Speaking to members of the accelerateSC committee on Tuesday afternoon, McMaster said that more than 400,000 residents in the state are unemployed. He said state leaders need to get people back to work and keep people safe and healthy.
"We've got to do a lot of balancing and a lot of thinking and a lot of innovating in order to get South Carolina back on top," he said.
McMaster said that South Carolina needs to move as quickly and safely and they can in getting the state to reopen.
Note: This is the second full committee meeting for accelerateSC, the coordinated Covid-19 advisory team put together by the governor to consider and recommend economic revitalization plans for South Carolina.
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3:14 p.m. ET, May 5, 2020
How Florida is preparing for the pandemic and hurricane season
From CNN’s Lindsay Benson
s hurricane season in Florida approaches, the state is working to figure out how to implement coronavirus safety with severe weather preparation.
During a news conference on today in Sarasota, Florida, Emergency Management Director Jared Moskowitz said one thing they are doing is stockpiling personal protective equipment.
"In addition to making sure that we can serve the needs of today, we're making sure obviously that we're creating a stockpile for hurricane season. And so we are buying up PPE and putting it in reserve in our warehouse to make sure that we have 10 million masks on hand as we get into hurricane season," Moskowitz said.
"FEMA has been a real partner figuring out obviously how we're going to factor in Covid-19 into hurricane season," Moskowitz said. "We're going to do more non-congregate sheltering instead of mass-congregate sheltering."
Moskowitz said they're considering many options when it comes to evacuation and shelter plans.
"If we have to do mass-congregate sheltering, what are the protocols that we're going to put in place? Are we going to have Covid only shelters? How are we going to do evacuations? How are we going to limit evacuations?" Moskowitz said.
"All of these options are on the table," she added.
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3:09 p.m. ET, May 5, 2020
More than 13,700 people have died of coronavirus in New York City
An F.D.N.Y. tent and refrigerated trucks serving as make shift morgues are seen on Tuesday, May 5, in the Brooklyn borough of New York City. Angela Weiss/AFP/Getty Images
New York City has at least 13,724 confirmed coronavirus deaths, as well as at least 5,383 probable coronavirus deaths, according to the city website.
The total number of confirmed coronavirus deaths and probable coronavirus deaths in New York City is 19,107.
What this means: The New York City Health Department defines probable deaths as people who did not have a positive Covid-19 laboratory test, but their death certificate lists as the cause of death “COVID-19” or an equivalent.
The data is from the New York City Health Department and was updated on today at 1 p.m. ET, according to the website.
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QuillBot is an affordable paraphrasing tool available on the market that uses the state-of-the-art AI to paraphrase any piece of content. The main purpose of the tool is to rephrase the content by changing the structure of the sentences and replacing words with their synonym, while preserving the meaning of the original content.
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