Most employers today are concerned with maintaining social distancing protocols. For people that have returned to the office, social distancing and cleanliness is paramount; however, employers everywhere are also asking their employees to remain home if they do not feel well. Whether it’s pride or simply a desire to work no matter what, employees have been coming into the office regardless. Is a headache worth using a sick day? How about a very minor cough? For some, it’s not a lack of respect: it’s the inability to truly classify themselves as being “sick.”
While social distancing is all the rage these days, certain industries must practice other forms of safety measures all-year-round. Construction, electrical, plumbing, machine work–in all of these verticals, practicing proper safety measures are required by law. Here’s the question: if an employee fails to adhere to these rules and regulations often, should they be fired?
Start With a Written Policy
If an employee repeatedly breaks safety rules, then they should be terminated; however, before they are terminated, employers need to decide how many infractions equal termination. This is why your safety rules must be written clearly. Perhaps after a second infraction, you suspend the employee without pay, and on the third, if they do not correct their behavior, you do fire them.
What To Do About COVID-19 Infractions
There needs to be a checklist of safety requirements in place. For example, some employees may make it mandatory to wear face masks when walking to the bathroom or interacting with a customer. In addition, some employers may make it mandatory for employees to wash their hands at the start and end of their shifts.
Employees who fail to follow these protocols must be disciplined. Since COVID-19 is new, there has to be some kind of spectrum. For example, if someone comes in sick and decides to purposely cough on a co-worker, then this could be grounds for immediate termination. While employers should enforce these social distancing rules, they should provide reassurance to employees who don’t feel well enough to come to work. As stated earlier, many people who don’t feel that they’re “sick enough” to waste a sick day will decide to come to the office. To discourage this behavior, employers could offer more sick days if employees provide proof of illness.
You may also like
Tips for Staying Safe during an Earthquake
Tips for Staying Safe during an Earthquake
How Safety Training Can Help Your Business Survive an Earthquake
How Safety Training Can Help Your Business Survive an Earthquake
{"email":"Email address invalid","url":"Website address invalid","required":"Required field missing"}
Subscribe to our newsletter now!
Subscribe to the newsletter
599 4th St., San Fernando, CA, 91340
Phone: 800-480-5855
Email: sales@socalfirstaid.com
Disaster Preparedness
Fire Safety
First Aid
General
Safety Training
On-Site Safety Training
First Aid Kit & Cabinet Refills
About Us
Who We Help
Policies & Information
©2020 Unishield -
>
{({tcb_post_title css='tve-u-16ecb5f1530' tcb_hover_state_parent='' fontsize='18' lineheight='25px'})}


Artificial intelligence is the product of the constant need for data innovation. It is frequently used interchangeably with the concepts of robotization and automation and confused with machine learning or algorithms.
Dictionaries define artificial intelligence (AI) as the hypothesis and improvement of computer systems equipped for performing tasks requiring human knowledge, such as visual perception, speech recognition, and interpretation between languages.
The word “intelligence” is characterized as the capacity to comprehend, learn, and use information and abilities in new scenarios. The purpose of AI is to analyze and perceive the information gained and then perform explicit tasks.
Contents:
Artificial Intelligence Technologies
1. AI for Design of Buildings
2. AI for Project Planning
3. AI for Construction Safety
4. AI for Prevention of Cost Overruns
5. AI for Improving Productivity
FAQs
Artificial Intelligence Technologies
The application of artificial intelligence technology in the construction industry is very much feasible now because of the advancement of three technologies: deep learning, machine learning (ML), and natural language processing.
With the help of machine learning, the execution of pre-assigned rules has improved. Hence, machine learning enhanced the algorithms that have been used so far in the artificial intelligence framework.
Machine learning allows computers to learn from data through exposure to different types of experiences, study patterns, and make decisions. It comes in numerous structures and can be addressed as design recognition, information mining, information revelation, proactive analytics, adaptive systems, statistical modeling, self-coordinating frameworks, etc.
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning. It depends on algorithms that don't need manual administration. Deep learning utilizes sets of accessible information (Big Data) and the computing power of computers (processor power, server farms, computing in the cloud).
Natural language processing is derived from machine learning and deep learning. The aim of natural language processing is to recognize speech. After conducting research in the field of speech recognition, it has empowered us to work with enormous data sets, lexical, and syntactic.
These three technological advancements: machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing have improved the artificial intelligence devices in the field of image recognition, text, voice, automatic robots, and decision making. Therefore, the application of artificial intelligence has expanded in medicine, law, education, and construction. Five applications of artificial intelligence in construction are discussed in the following section.
1. AI for Design of Buildings
Building information modeling (BIM) is a 3D model-based software that creates a digital model of a building. All the stakeholders of a project, such as architect, client, builders, suppliers can work on this digital model to productively design, plan, and manage buildings.
For constructing a building for a particular project, BIM 3D model considers all the required information from the civil, mechanical, architecture, electrical, and plumbing plans. The effect of each plan is taken into account and subsequently each activity is planned.
The challenge is to ensure that the various models from the sub-groups don't clash with one another. The construction industry is attempting to utilize artificial intelligence as a generative plan to recognize and reduce clashes between the various models produced by the various groups in the preliminary and working drawing stages to prevent rework.
Researchers are developing new programming software that uses artificial intelligence to investigate varieties in each solution and produces design alternatives. These software use artificial intelligence to explicitly make 3D models of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems while at the same time ensuring that the whole courses for MEP systems don't clash with the structure design. An example of such software is Tekla Structures.
AI-Powered Generative Design
2. AI for Project Planning
In 2018, an AI startup claimed that its artificial intelligence and robots hold the key to resolving overspending and delays in construction projects.
The company uses robots to automatically capture the 3D outputs of the construction building and feed that information into an artificial neural network that determines how far the various sub-projects are completed. If things appear to be off track, the supervisory group can step in to fix small issues before they become significant problems.
Reinforcement learning is a new AI technique developed using algorithms of the future. This technique permits algorithms to learn from field experiments. It can survey endless combinations and options based upon the use of data from similar projects undertaken in the past. It helps in project planning since it provides the best possible solution and rectifies itself over time.
3. AI for Construction Safety
In the construction industry, the death of construction workers is five times higher than other industries. As per Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the primary sources of accidents in construction s are due to the fall of objects and electric shocks.
A general contractor from Boston with yearly revenue of $3 billion is developing an algorithm that examines photographs from its places of work, checks them for security risks, for example, laborers not wearing defensive gear and associates the pictures with its accident records. The company says it can conceivably figure out the potential hazard for projects to hold safety briefings when a threat is recognized.
Smart Tagging: A product of Smartvid.io
4. AI for Prevention of Cost Overruns
Even by employing the best project management team, most large-scale projects spend more than the allocated budget. To track spending, artificial neural networks are used to predict cost overruns. The neural network predicts the cost overruns based on the factors like the type of contract, size of the project, and competence of the project leader.
Verifiable information, for example, earliest start and finish times, latest start and finish times of similar projects, are used by predictive models to calculate the reasonable timelines for future projects.
Artificial intelligence assists workers in giving remote training on material handling, which helps the workers to improve their knowledge and skills rapidly. This reduces the time required to install new assets onto projects and facilitates early project delivery.
5. AI for Improving Productivity
Some companies sell construction equipment that are self-driven and can perform monotonous activities more productively than their human counterparts. Examples of such construction equipments are concrete pouring machines, automatic welding machines, robotic bricklaying, and automatic building demolition machines.
Preliminary site preparation or excavation work can be performed by automatic or semi-automatic bulldozers, which can set up the construction site with the assistance of a human programmer to provide the exact specifications required by the construction drawings. Therefore, the requirement of the human factor in the construction work can be removed and hence the overall time needed to finish the project can be reduced.
Task supervisors can likewise follow the progress of job site work. Supervisors can use biometric systems, facial recognition systems, and similar innovative techniques to check the productivity of workers.
FAQs
What is artificial intelligence?
Dictionaries define artificial intelligence (AI) as the hypothesis and improvement of computer systems equipped for performing tasks requiring human knowledge, such as visual perception, speech recognition, and interpretation between languages.
What is machine learning?
Machine learning allows computers to learn from data through exposure to different types of experiences, study patterns, and make decisions. Machine learning comes in numerous structures and can be addressed as design recognition, information mining, information revelation, proactive analytics, adaptive systems, statistical modeling, self-coordinating frameworks, etc.
What is deep learning?
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning. It depends on algorithms that don't need manual administration. Deep learning utilizes sets of accessible information (Big Data) and the computing power of computers (processor power, server farms, computing in the cloud).
What is BIM?
Building information modeling (BIM) is a 3D model-based software that creates a digital model of a building. All the stakeholders of a project, such as architect, client, builders, suppliers can work on this digital model to productively design, plan, and manage buildings.
How to prevent the cost overruns of a project using AI?
To track the spending of a project, artificial neural networks are used to predict cost overruns. The neural network predicts the cost overruns based on the factors like the type of contract, size of the project, and competence of the project leader.


In an interview published by Corriere della Sera on 21 October 2021, the director of the Uffizi, Eike Schmidt, expounded on his vision of the "contemporary" Uffizi. One question that interests me and probably a lot of my readers was:"There's been a long wait for the reopening (of the Vasari Corridor) but isn't 45 euros for a ticket to visit the Corridor too much?", Schmidt explained that the price is much lower than the one demanded by the private agencies (essentially ticket scalpers) who routinely snatched up the few tickets available before the corridor closed in 2016. In essence, his reply continued to the effect that the price is determined by the market.
I'm not all that convinced by the Director's neo-con economics response.The Vasari Corridor, with 125 admissions at a time, will obviously have more demand than supply during high season, and therefore can impose high prices (even much more than 45 euros). In low season, the price will drop to 20 euros to be competitive. And it is clear that these prices make both the museum's accountants and the ticket scalpers, who will ask for a large share of tickets, happy. It is a pity, however, that the Uffizi, as a public service, does not work more for the benefit of the tax payers who have invested 10 million euros into renovation of the Corridor, rather than for the bank balances of the museum and the scalpers. The taxpayers have invested rightly, given that citizens must be able to benefit from the heritage that belongs to them, but wouldn't it be reasonable that they don't have to pay a lot of money all over again to enjoy this heritage?
Update 18 March 2021: Tours of the Vasari Corridor.
IMPORTANT: there are no legitimate tours of the Vasari Corridor being offered currently but it looks like that the Vasari Corridor will re-open on 27 May, 2022, and will be accessible by ticket. Apparently it will not be necessary to be part of a tour group.
Eike Schmidt, the director of the Uffizi Gallery, has announced that the Vasari Corridor will officially become a part of the Uffizi after reopening in 2022. Visitors will then be able to enter the Uffizi, stroll through the Vasari Corridor and then explore the Boboli Gardens or the Pitti Palace. Tickets will cost €45 in high season, €20 in low season and will be free for students.
Route of the Vasari Corridor in Florence
One disappointing aspect is that the many excellent self-portraits currently hanging in the Vasari Corridor will be removed because it won't be possible to climate control the corridor suitable for paintings on canvas and wood.
The Vasari Corridor from above
According to the official Uffizi website, no tours of the Vasari Corridor are now available, and anybody who offers such a tour is committing a fraud:
"False information concerning nocturnal visits of the Uffizi and Vasari Corridor
The Administration of the Uffizi Galleries confirms that these promotional contents are totally unfounded. From 1 December 2016 until further notice the Corridor remains closed for works of safety regulatory compliance. Consequently no bookings will be accepted.
False information is spreading on Facebook about nocturnal openings of the Uffizi and Vasari Corridor on various dates with visits organized by associations/groups which are unknown to us, such as Firenze Vista di Notte. The Administration of the Uffizi Galleries has already filed a lawsuit against the fraudsters and confirms that these promotional contents are totally unfounded."
The official website for the Uffizi tickets is https://www.uffizi.it/en/tickets - once again note that many other official-looking web sites offer Uffizi tickets at enormous markups.
Interior of the Vasari Corridor in Florence as it was until closed in 2016.
The corridor was lined with paintings, the more interesting ones being an amazing series of self-portraits by famous and not so famous artists, including a surprising number of the Pre-Raphaelites - for example, a very fine self-portrait of William Holman Hunt. These pictures will now be displayed elsewhere in the Uffizi and will be replaced by thirty ancient sculptures along with a space dedicated to 16th century frescoes.
Empty interior of the Vasari Corridor
The corridor had a doorway and still has a window opening into a balcony high up in the church of Santa Felicita so that the Medici family could attend mass privately, without being seen or subject to attack. The especially large windows overlooking the Ponte Vecchio were specially created for a visit by Mussolini in the late 30's. Part of the corridor snakes around the Torre Mannelli which belonged to the only family that Cosimo I was unable to buy out. Instead of building through the tower, Vasari built around it using a system of supporting brackets. Cosimo was quite sanguine about this - every man is king in his own house, he reportedly observed. The meat market on Ponte Vecchio was moved to avoid its smell permeating the passage, its place being taken by the goldsmith shops that still occupy the bridge.
More about the Vasari Corridor in the 19th and 20th centuries.
More about what to see and do in Florence.
More about Florence Museum Cards and Florence Museum Passes.
My list of recommended vacation rentals in Tuscany.
Author: Anna Maria Baldini
All content copyright © ammonet Infotech 2010 - 2021. All rights reserved.
Posted by Anna Maria Baldini at 18:31
Labels: Firenze, Florence, Florenz, Info, Sights, Uffizi, Vasari
Newer Post Older Post Home
Featured post
Vacation accommodations in Tuscany
Now is the time to consider reserving your vacation accommodations in Tuscany . As soon as Christmas and New Year are over, everyone will be...
Popular Posts
Florence bus tickets - tickets for the ATAF buses in Firenze
STOP PRESS! As of 1 November 2021, ATAF as such disappears and re-incarnates under the auspices of Autolinee Toscane. ATAF, or Azienda Tran...
Why is Tuscan bread so bad?
Of all the misplaced expectations that visitors to Tuscany report, bread probably leads the pack. " Why is Tuscan bread so bad? ",...
Historical libraries of Florence, Italy
The historical libraries of Florence preserve some of the most important book, periodical and manuscript collections in Europe. One or two ...
Etruscan exhibition in Cortona, March through July 2014
A not to be missed Etruscan exhibition in Cortona has just opened! Etruscan Enchantment. From the secrets of Holkham Hall to the wonders...
Should I rent a car or hire a driver to explore Tuscany?
How to get around Tuscany is a bit of a vexed question. Between the larger towns, there is an excellent rail service with frequent trains ...
Best way to buy Euros in Italy
For American and other visitors to Italy, the most convenient and least expensive way to buy euros is to use a debit card at an ATM (called ...
How to visit the Vasari Corridor in Florence
Update 14 October 2021 : Visiting of the Vasari Corridor . In an interview published by Corriere della Sera on 21 October 2021 , the direc...
Visit Tuscany in winter
Winter in Tuscany - it's not always this snowy! Now seems an appropriate moment to discuss the question of whether to visit Tuscany ...
Why is the Conca d'Oro of Panzano in Chianti called the Conca d'Oro?
The rich history of Tuscany not only manifests itself in ancient towns, abbeys and castles, but also in the place names of villages, hills a...
The Mercato Centrale in Florence is not the same as the San Lorenzo Market!
Today we have a post of interest to visitors to Florence. I want to demonstrate emphatically that the Mercato Centrale in Florence is not th...


abstract = {We provide empirical evidence that supports a commonly-held assumption: that expertstextquoteright appraisals of policy options are often very distinct from those of resource users most affected by those policy choices. We analyse perspectives about 40 policy options to address peatland fires in Indonesia, using a Q methodology approach to rank the options according to perceived effectiveness. Peatland fires in Indonesia are a long-standing and complex social-ecological challenge, where unsolved disagreements about policy options have profound implications for environmental governance, resulting in fires recurring and causing significant CO2 emissions and transboundary haze that affects the health of millions. We collected data from 219 respondents, covering twelve stakeholder categories, including small and large landholders, industrial farmers, scientists, local leaders and government officials. We identified the most representative response from each stakeholder category, and used hierarchical cluster analysis to explore the closeness/distance in perspectives among categories. The results show a particularly noticeable distinction between two broad groups, which we labelled as experts and resource users. Experts tend to prefer solutions that are centralised and largely transformative, whereas resource users favour more localised measures that are more compatible with business-as-usual. We discuss possible reasons for these differences, and their implications for environmental governance, including for how scientists engage in policy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
We provide empirical evidence that supports a commonly-held assumption: that expertstextquoteright appraisals of policy options are often very distinct from those of resource users most affected by those policy choices. We analyse perspectives about 40 policy options to address peatland fires in Indonesia, using a Q methodology approach to rank the options according to perceived effectiveness. Peatland fires in Indonesia are a long-standing and complex social-ecological challenge, where unsolved disagreements about policy options have profound implications for environmental governance, resulting in fires recurring and causing significant CO2 emissions and transboundary haze that affects the health of millions. We collected data from 219 respondents, covering twelve stakeholder categories, including small and large landholders, industrial farmers, scientists, local leaders and government officials. We identified the most representative response from each stakeholder category, and used hierarchical cluster analysis to explore the closeness/distance in perspectives among categories. The results show a particularly noticeable distinction between two broad groups, which we labelled as experts and resource users. Experts tend to prefer solutions that are centralised and largely transformative, whereas resource users favour more localised measures that are more compatible with business-as-usual. We discuss possible reasons for these differences, and their implications for environmental governance, including for how scientists engage in policy.
Close
doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105594
Close
1860.
Kenny, John; Larner, Jac; Lewis-Beck, Michael
Candidate authenticity and the Iowa Caucus Journal Article
In: Electoral Studies, 73 , pp. 1–8, 2021, ISSN: 0261-3794.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{1c30b1f2b98843f2bd92b9c0315f9ff9,

title = {Candidate authenticity and the Iowa Caucus},

author = {John Kenny and Jac Larner and Michael Lewis-Beck},

doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102390},

issn = {0261-3794},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-01},

journal = {Electoral Studies},

volume = {73},

pages = {1--8},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Candidate textquoteleftauthenticitytextquoteright has become a frequent explanation of electoral performance. Yet its study in electoral research has been largely neglected. Building on recent work, we test its relationship with candidate support in the 2020 Iowa Democratic Caucus through a survey of likely Caucus goers. The Caucus offers an ideal setting — a contest focused on candidates and their personalities, in a context having far-reaching political implications. We demonstrate that authenticity perceptions played an important role in individual vote intentions. Indeed, for Biden and Buttigieg perceptions of their authenticity were strongly associated with vote intention even when controlling for other established traits. Warren, unlike the others, benefited indirectly, because her authenticity triggered substantial support among female voters. The performance of the authenticity trait, direct and indirect, points to its pivotal potential in the 2020 presidential campaign.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
Candidate textquoteleftauthenticitytextquoteright has become a frequent explanation of electoral performance. Yet its study in electoral research has been largely neglected. Building on recent work, we test its relationship with candidate support in the 2020 Iowa Democratic Caucus through a survey of likely Caucus goers. The Caucus offers an ideal setting — a contest focused on candidates and their personalities, in a context having far-reaching political implications. We demonstrate that authenticity perceptions played an important role in individual vote intentions. Indeed, for Biden and Buttigieg perceptions of their authenticity were strongly associated with vote intention even when controlling for other established traits. Warren, unlike the others, benefited indirectly, because her authenticity triggered substantial support among female voters. The performance of the authenticity trait, direct and indirect, points to its pivotal potential in the 2020 presidential campaign.
Close
doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102390
Close
1859.
Clery, Diarmaid S.; Vaughan, Naomi E.; Forster, Johanna; Lorenzoni, Irene; Gough, Clair A.; Chilvers, Jason
Bringing greenhouse gas removal down to earth: Stakeholder supply chain appraisals reveal complex challenges Journal Article
In: Global Environmental Change, 71 , 2021, ISSN: 0959-3780.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{19cd31aee87a46acbfd3d03b4ef4f789,

title = {Bringing greenhouse gas removal down to earth: Stakeholder supply chain appraisals reveal complex challenges},

author = {Diarmaid S. Clery and Naomi E. Vaughan and Johanna Forster and Irene Lorenzoni and Clair A. Gough and Jason Chilvers},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102369},

issn = {0959-3780},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-24},

journal = {Global Environmental Change},

volume = {71},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Greenhouse gas removal (GGR) approaches are considered essential in several projections to meet the climate mitigation ambition of the Paris Agreement. Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and afforestation are included extensively in mitigation scenarios but there are concerns about the feasibility of these approaches. This was explored with stakeholders from industry, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and policy who were involved in interviews and a one-day participatory workshop. Multicriteria mapping (MCM) methodology was used to appraise the textquoteleftreal-worldtextquoteright feasibility of four specific greenhouse gas removal supply chains at a granular level in the UK context. The MCM analysis shows that afforestation performs better in comparison to three BECCS supply chains, on criteria such as business model, social acceptability, and environmental sustainability. This innovative application of the MCM methodology enables the abstract representations of GGR in integrated assessment models to be explored at a more granular level through a supply chain analysis and thus gain a deeper understanding of the issues facing these approaches. The data gathered allows a wide range of technical, environmental, social and political criteria to be systematically applied in appraising the practical performance of different future implementation options for afforestation and BECCS. If these GGR supply chains are to become a reality on the scale required for 1.5 °C global warming, factors such as global cooperation, land availability, and the longevity of policies and incentives were found to be major challenges.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
Greenhouse gas removal (GGR) approaches are considered essential in several projections to meet the climate mitigation ambition of the Paris Agreement. Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and afforestation are included extensively in mitigation scenarios but there are concerns about the feasibility of these approaches. This was explored with stakeholders from industry, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and policy who were involved in interviews and a one-day participatory workshop. Multicriteria mapping (MCM) methodology was used to appraise the textquoteleftreal-worldtextquoteright feasibility of four specific greenhouse gas removal supply chains at a granular level in the UK context. The MCM analysis shows that afforestation performs better in comparison to three BECCS supply chains, on criteria such as business model, social acceptability, and environmental sustainability. This innovative application of the MCM methodology enables the abstract representations of GGR in integrated assessment models to be explored at a more granular level through a supply chain analysis and thus gain a deeper understanding of the issues facing these approaches. The data gathered allows a wide range of technical, environmental, social and political criteria to be systematically applied in appraising the practical performance of different future implementation options for afforestation and BECCS. If these GGR supply chains are to become a reality on the scale required for 1.5 °C global warming, factors such as global cooperation, land availability, and the longevity of policies and incentives were found to be major challenges.
Close
doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102369
Close
1858.
Allan, Andrew; Barbour, Emily J.; Nicholls, Robert; Hutton, Craig W.; Lim, Michelle; Salehin, Mashfiqus; Rahman, Md Munsur
Developing socio-ecological scenarios: A participatory process for engaging stakeholders Journal Article
In: Science of the Total Environment, 2021, ISSN: 0048-9697.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{5dc6c446afc346bb964660e3cfbbb341,

title = {Developing socio-ecological scenarios: A participatory process for engaging stakeholders},

author = {Andrew Allan and Emily J. Barbour and Robert Nicholls and Craig W. Hutton and Michelle Lim and Mashfiqus Salehin and Md Munsur Rahman},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150512},

issn = {0048-9697},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-22},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Deltas are experiencing profound demographic, economic and land use changes and human-induced catchment and climate change. Bangladesh exemplifies these difficulties through multiple climate risks including subsidence/sea-level rise, temperature rise, and changing precipitation patterns, as well as changing management of the Ganges and Brahmaputra catchments. There is a growing population and economy driving numerous more local changes, while dense rural population and poverty remain significant. Identifying appropriate policy and planning responses is extremely difficult in these circumstances. This paper adopts a participatory scenario development process incorporating both socio-economic and biophysical elements across multiple scales and sectors as part of an integrated assessment of ecosystem services and livelihoods in coastal Bangladesh. Rather than simply downscale global perspectives, the analysis was driven by a large and diverse stakeholder group who met with the researchers over four years as the assessment was designed, implemented and applied. There were four main stages: (A) establish meta-framework for the analysis; (B) develop qualitative scenarios of key trends; (C) translate these scenarios into quantitative form for the integrated assessment model analysis; and (D) a review of the model results, which raises new stakeholder insights (e.g., preferred adaptation and policy responses) and questions. Step D can be repeated leading to an iterative learning loop cycle, and the process can potentially be ongoing. The strong and structured process of stakeholder engagement gave strong local ownership of the scenarios and the wider process. This process can be generalised for widespread application across socio-ecological systems following the same four-stage approach. It demands sustained engagement with stakeholders and hence needs to be linked to a long-term research process. However, it facilitates a more credible foundation for planning especially where there are multiple interacting factors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
Deltas are experiencing profound demographic, economic and land use changes and human-induced catchment and climate change. Bangladesh exemplifies these difficulties through multiple climate risks including subsidence/sea-level rise, temperature rise, and changing precipitation patterns, as well as changing management of the Ganges and Brahmaputra catchments. There is a growing population and economy driving numerous more local changes, while dense rural population and poverty remain significant. Identifying appropriate policy and planning responses is extremely difficult in these circumstances. This paper adopts a participatory scenario development process incorporating both socio-economic and biophysical elements across multiple scales and sectors as part of an integrated assessment of ecosystem services and livelihoods in coastal Bangladesh. Rather than simply downscale global perspectives, the analysis was driven by a large and diverse stakeholder group who met with the researchers over four years as the assessment was designed, implemented and applied. There were four main stages: (A) establish meta-framework for the analysis; (B) develop qualitative scenarios of key trends; (C) translate these scenarios into quantitative form for the integrated assessment model analysis; and (D) a review of the model results, which raises new stakeholder insights (e.g., preferred adaptation and policy responses) and questions. Step D can be repeated leading to an iterative learning loop cycle, and the process can potentially be ongoing. The strong and structured process of stakeholder engagement gave strong local ownership of the scenarios and the wider process. This process can be generalised for widespread application across socio-ecological systems following the same four-stage approach. It demands sustained engagement with stakeholders and hence needs to be linked to a long-term research process. However, it facilitates a more credible foundation for planning especially where there are multiple interacting factors.
Close
doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150512
Close
1857.
Delafield, Gemma; Donnison, Caspar; Roddis, Philippa; Arvanitopoulos, Theodoros; Sfyridis, Alexandros; Dunnett, Sebastian; Ball, Thomas; Logan, Kathryn G.
Conceptual framework for balancing society and nature in net-zero energy transitions Journal Article
In: Environmental Science & Policy, 125 , pp. 189–201, 2021, ISSN: 1462-9011.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{28b19f0bb49b4b7bac532209e3a3f2e9,

title = {Conceptual framework for balancing society and nature in net-zero energy transitions},

author = {Gemma Delafield and Caspar Donnison and Philippa Roddis and Theodoros Arvanitopoulos and Alexandros Sfyridis and Sebastian Dunnett and Thomas Ball and Kathryn G. Logan},

doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2021.08.021},

issn = {1462-9011},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-16},

journal = {Environmental Science & Policy},

volume = {125},

pages = {189--201},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Transitioning to a low carbon energy future is essential to meet the Paris Agreement targets and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To understand how societies can undertake this transition, energy models have been developed to explore future energy scenarios. These models often focus on the techno-economic aspects of the transition and overlook the long-term implications on both society and the natural environment. Without a holistic approach, it is impossible to evaluate the trade-offs, as well as the co-benefits, between decarbonisation and other policy goals. This paper presents the Energy Scenario Evaluation (ESE) framework which can be used to assess the impact of energy scenarios on society and the natural environment. This conceptual framework utilises interdisciplinary qualitative and quantitative methods to determine whether an energy scenario is likely to lead to a publicly acceptable and sustainable energy transition. Using the SDGs, this paper illustrates how energy transitions are interconnected with human development and the importance of incorporating environmental and socio-economic data into energy models to design energy scenarios which meet other policy priorities. We discuss a variety of research methods which can be used to evaluate spatial, environmental, and social impacts of energy transitions. By showcasing where these impacts will be experienced, the ESE framework can be used to facilitate engagement and decision-making between policymakers and local communities, those who will be directly affected by energy transitions. Outputs of the ESE framework can therefore perform an important role in shaping feasible and energy transitions which meet the Paris Agreement targets and SDGs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
Transitioning to a low carbon energy future is essential to meet the Paris Agreement targets and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To understand how societies can undertake this transition, energy models have been developed to explore future energy scenarios. These models often focus on the techno-economic aspects of the transition and overlook the long-term implications on both society and the natural environment. Without a holistic approach, it is impossible to evaluate the trade-offs, as well as the co-benefits, between decarbonisation and other policy goals. This paper presents the Energy Scenario Evaluation (ESE) framework which can be used to assess the impact of energy scenarios on society and the natural environment. This conceptual framework utilises interdisciplinary qualitative and quantitative methods to determine whether an energy scenario is likely to lead to a publicly acceptable and sustainable energy transition. Using the SDGs, this paper illustrates how energy transitions are interconnected with human development and the importance of incorporating environmental and socio-economic data into energy models to design energy scenarios which meet other policy priorities. We discuss a variety of research methods which can be used to evaluate spatial, environmental, and social impacts of energy transitions. By showcasing where these impacts will be experienced, the ESE framework can be used to facilitate engagement and decision-making between policymakers and local communities, those who will be directly affected by energy transitions. Outputs of the ESE framework can therefore perform an important role in shaping feasible and energy transitions which meet the Paris Agreement targets and SDGs.
Close
doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2021.08.021
Close
1856.
Kenny, John; Heath, Anthony; Richards, Lindsay
Fuzzy Frontiers? Testing the Fluidity of National, Partisan and Brexit Identities in the Aftermath of the 2016 Referendum Journal Article
In: Political Studies, pp. 1–25, 2021, ISSN: 0032-3217.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{456db63147d8465cbec7fe7e89e76d49,

title = {Fuzzy Frontiers? Testing the Fluidity of National, Partisan and Brexit Identities in the Aftermath of the 2016 Referendum},

author = {John Kenny and Anthony Heath and Lindsay Richards},

doi = {10.1177/00323217211050001},

issn = {0032-3217},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-12},

journal = {Political Studies},

pages = {1--25},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {British and English national identities have long been considered to have porous boundaries whereby English individuals consider the terms more or less interchangeable. However, there is no empirical evidence to demonstrate whether primary feelings of either Britishness or Englishness are highly fluid within-individuals or whether individuals are consistent in their perceptions of their British or English identity. This is especially relevant in the post-Brexit referendum context where national identity is highly correlated with Brexit attitudes. Using panel data, we demonstrate that there is a notable degree of fluidity between identifying as British or English. This is higher than the fluidity between other national identities in the UK as well as more fluid than moving between any partisan or EU referendum identities. Remainers are more fluid than Leavers in their Englishness, whereas they are similar in the fluidity of their Britishness.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
British and English national identities have long been considered to have porous boundaries whereby English individuals consider the terms more or less interchangeable. However, there is no empirical evidence to demonstrate whether primary feelings of either Britishness or Englishness are highly fluid within-individuals or whether individuals are consistent in their perceptions of their British or English identity. This is especially relevant in the post-Brexit referendum context where national identity is highly correlated with Brexit attitudes. Using panel data, we demonstrate that there is a notable degree of fluidity between identifying as British or English. This is higher than the fluidity between other national identities in the UK as well as more fluid than moving between any partisan or EU referendum identities. Remainers are more fluid than Leavers in their Englishness, whereas they are similar in the fluidity of their Britishness.
Close
doi:10.1177/00323217211050001
Close
1855.
Schoenefeld, Jonas J.; Schulze, Kai; Hildén, Mikael; Jordan, Andrew J.
The Challenging Paths to Net-Zero Emissions: Insights from the Monitoring of National Policy Mixes Journal Article
In: The International Spectator, 56 (3), pp. 24–40, 2021, ISSN: 0393-2729.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{84fc048c561d40e9b2157860ab71c757,

title = {The Challenging Paths to Net-Zero Emissions: Insights from the Monitoring of National Policy Mixes},

author = {Jonas J. Schoenefeld and Kai Schulze and Mikael Hildén and Andrew J. Jordan},

doi = {10.1080/03932729.2021.1956827},

issn = {0393-2729},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-06},

journal = {The International Spectator},

volume = {56},

number = {3},

pages = {24--40},

publisher = {Taylor & Francis},

abstract = {To achieve its ambitious climate targets, the European Union (EU) must adopt new policies, increase the impact of existing policies and/or remove dysfunctional ones. The EU has developed an elaborate system to monitor national policy mixes in order to support these challenging requirements. Data that member states have reported to the EU over the last ten years reveal that the average expected per-policy-instrument emission reduction has declined, while national policy mixes have remained generally stable over time. This is strikingly discordant with the EUtextquoterights ambitious commitment to become carbon neutral by 2050 (textquoteleftnet zerotextquoteright).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
To achieve its ambitious climate targets, the European Union (EU) must adopt new policies, increase the impact of existing policies and/or remove dysfunctional ones. The EU has developed an elaborate system to monitor national policy mixes in order to support these challenging requirements. Data that member states have reported to the EU over the last ten years reveal that the average expected per-policy-instrument emission reduction has declined, while national policy mixes have remained generally stable over time. This is strikingly discordant with the EUtextquoterights ambitious commitment to become carbon neutral by 2050 (textquoteleftnet zerotextquoteright).
Close
doi:10.1080/03932729.2021.1956827
Close
1854.
Fernandez, Rosa; Schoenefeld, Jonas; Hoerber, Thomas; Oberthur, Sebastian
Europetextquoterights transition to sustainability: Actors, approaches and policies Journal Article
In: The International Spectator, 56 (3), pp. 1–6, 2021, ISSN: 0393-2729, (Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge the UACES Research Network textquoteleftThe Role of Europe in Global Challenges: Climate Change and Sustainable Developmenttextquoteright for the organisation of a dedicated online workshop. The Jean Monnet Network textquoteleftGoverning the EUtextquoterights climate and energy transition in turbulent timestextquoteright (GOVTRAN: www.govtran.eu), which is funded by the Erasmus+ programme of the European Union, deserves credit for additional support.).
Links | BibTeX
@article{6c407a8abb1f4d26a8441c14d9ed6bb2,

title = {Europetextquoterights transition to sustainability: Actors, approaches and policies},

author = {Rosa Fernandez and Jonas Schoenefeld and Thomas Hoerber and Sebastian Oberthur},

doi = {10.1080/03932729.2021.1966188},

issn = {0393-2729},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-06},

journal = {The International Spectator},

volume = {56},

number = {3},

pages = {1--6},

publisher = {Taylor & Francis},

note = {Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge the UACES Research Network textquoteleftThe Role of Europe in Global Challenges: Climate Change and Sustainable Developmenttextquoteright for the organisation of a dedicated online workshop. The Jean Monnet Network textquoteleftGoverning the EUtextquoterights climate and energy transition in turbulent timestextquoteright (GOVTRAN: www.govtran.eu), which is funded by the Erasmus+ programme of the European Union, deserves credit for additional support.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
doi:10.1080/03932729.2021.1966188
Close
1853.
Carmenta, Rachel; Cammelli, Federico; Dressler, Wolfram; Verbicaro, Camila; Zähringer, Julie
Between a rock and a hard place: The burdens of uncontrolled fire for smallholders across the tropics Journal Article
In: World Development, 145 , 2021, ISSN: 0305-750X.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{6c40855fdcf142c48494ed4ae136133c,

title = {Between a rock and a hard place: The burdens of uncontrolled fire for smallholders across the tropics},

author = {Rachel Carmenta and Federico Cammelli and Wolfram Dressler and Camila Verbicaro and Julie Zähringer},

doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105521},

issn = {0305-750X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

journal = {World Development},

volume = {145},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Once fire-resistant rainforests are becoming fire prone. Uncontrolled fires reflect new ecologies of the Anthropocene, driven by interactions of multiple actors and sectors across scales. They threaten the ecological integrity of tropical forests, impact global climate regimes and importantly cause considerable social and economic burdens. Numerous smallholder farming communities throughout the forested tropics experience the immediate place-based damages of uncontrolled fires and increasingly flammable landscapes. However, these burdens remain largely textquoteleftinvisibletextquoteright as leading narratives concentrate on losses accrued at aggregate scales, including to climate and biodiversity. Rather, smallholder farmers are often cast as culprits of contagion rooted in colonial condemnation of their customary fire-based agricultural practices. We use an environmental justice lens, notably the dimensions of recognition and distribution, to reveal the distributional burdens of uncontrolled fires for these land managers. We use empirical data from four case studies in three countries: Brazil, Madagascar and the Philippines, to explore the i) burdens of uncontrolled fire, ii) changing risks, iii) drivers and iv) responses to uncontrolled fire, and finally, the v) level of smallholder dependence on intentional fire. We show that place-based burdens of uncontrolled landscape fire are significant, including in landscapes where fire frequency is low. Burdens are both material and non-material and include infringements on food security, health, livelihoods, social relations and the burden of prohibitive fire policy itself. Equitable responses to uncontrolled fires must be sensitive to the distinctions between fire types. Further, we suggest that through bringing visibility to the place-based burdens of uncontrolled fires, we can begin to co-design resilient responses that avoid placing the final burden of risk reduction on to marginalized smallholder farming communities.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
Once fire-resistant rainforests are becoming fire prone. Uncontrolled fires reflect new ecologies of the Anthropocene, driven by interactions of multiple actors and sectors across scales. They threaten the ecological integrity of tropical forests, impact global climate regimes and importantly cause considerable social and economic burdens. Numerous smallholder farming communities throughout the forested tropics experience the immediate place-based damages of uncontrolled fires and increasingly flammable landscapes. However, these burdens remain largely textquoteleftinvisibletextquoteright as leading narratives concentrate on losses accrued at aggregate scales, including to climate and biodiversity. Rather, smallholder farmers are often cast as culprits of contagion rooted in colonial condemnation of their customary fire-based agricultural practices. We use an environmental justice lens, notably the dimensions of recognition and distribution, to reveal the distributional burdens of uncontrolled fires for these land managers. We use empirical data from four case studies in three countries: Brazil, Madagascar and the Philippines, to explore the i) burdens of uncontrolled fire, ii) changing risks, iii) drivers and iv) responses to uncontrolled fire, and finally, the v) level of smallholder dependence on intentional fire. We show that place-based burdens of uncontrolled landscape fire are significant, including in landscapes where fire frequency is low. Burdens are both material and non-material and include infringements on food security, health, livelihoods, social relations and the burden of prohibitive fire policy itself. Equitable responses to uncontrolled fires must be sensitive to the distinctions between fire types. Further, we suggest that through bringing visibility to the place-based burdens of uncontrolled fires, we can begin to co-design resilient responses that avoid placing the final burden of risk reduction on to marginalized smallholder farming communities.
Close
doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105521
Close
1852.
Maas, Timo; Montana, Jasper; Hel, Sandra; Kowarsch, Martin; Tuinstra, Willemijn; Schoolenberg, Machteld; Mahony, Martin; Lucas, Paul; Kok, Marcel; Bakkes, Jan; Turnhout, Esther
Effectively empowering: A different look at bolstering the effectiveness of global environmental assessments Journal Article
In: Environmental Science & Policy, 123 , pp. 210–219, 2021, ISSN: 1462-9011.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{47c5b8cd3c1c4903a15f6a2359cec963,

title = {Effectively empowering: A different look at bolstering the effectiveness of global environmental assessments},

author = {Timo Maas and Jasper Montana and Sandra Hel and Martin Kowarsch and Willemijn Tuinstra and Machteld Schoolenberg and Martin Mahony and Paul Lucas and Marcel Kok and Jan Bakkes and Esther Turnhout},

doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2021.05.024},

issn = {1462-9011},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

journal = {Environmental Science & Policy},

volume = {123},

pages = {210--219},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Global environmental assessments are widely considered to play a prominent role in environmental governance. However, they are also criticised for a lack of effectiveness in informing policy and decision-making. In response, GEAs have adopted a number of strategies to bolster their effectiveness, including by orienting themselves towards solutions (solution-orientation), increasing the diversity of included experts (participation), and producing more targeted assessments (contextualisation). In this article, we analyse these strategies as attempts to be effective for multiple audiences while also identifying the limitations of these strategies. Based on this analysis, we propose to conceive of GEAs as processes that are able to empower diverse actors – ranging from diplomats in international negotiations to civil society activists, or indigenous and local knowledge holders – to act towards socio-environmental objectives. Seen in this light, the effectiveness of GEAs can be improved by reflecting on which actors can benefit from assessments and how assessments can contribute to their empowerment. This strategy goes beyond current proposals that aim to strengthen the authority of assessments by boosting the scientific quality and credibility of the reports. Indeed, it complements them with an explicitly political perspective. Using examples of empowerment in different phases of GEA production and use, we argue that this reconceptualisation of effectiveness requires assessments to reflect a diversity of problem and solution frames, thereby creating entry points for the empowerment of a broad range of actors. We conclude by providing three illustrative ideas to improve effectiveness for the design and execution of assessments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
Global environmental assessments are widely considered to play a prominent role in environmental governance. However, they are also criticised for a lack of effectiveness in informing policy and decision-making. In response, GEAs have adopted a number of strategies to bolster their effectiveness, including by orienting themselves towards solutions (solution-orientation), increasing the diversity of included experts (participation), and producing more targeted assessments (contextualisation). In this article, we analyse these strategies as attempts to be effective for multiple audiences while also identifying the limitations of these strategies. Based on this analysis, we propose to conceive of GEAs as processes that are able to empower diverse actors – ranging from diplomats in international negotiations to civil society activists, or indigenous and local knowledge holders – to act towards socio-environmental objectives. Seen in this light, the effectiveness of GEAs can be improved by reflecting on which actors can benefit from assessments and how assessments can contribute to their empowerment. This strategy goes beyond current proposals that aim to strengthen the authority of assessments by boosting the scientific quality and credibility of the reports. Indeed, it complements them with an explicitly political perspective. Using examples of empowerment in different phases of GEA production and use, we argue that this reconceptualisation of effectiveness requires assessments to reflect a diversity of problem and solution frames, thereby creating entry points for the empowerment of a broad range of actors. We conclude by providing three illustrative ideas to improve effectiveness for the design and execution of assessments.
Close
doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2021.05.024
Close
1851.
Stiers, Dieter; Larner, Jac; Kenny, John; Breitenstein, Sofia; Vallée-Dubois, Florence; Lewis-Beck, Michael
Candidate authenticity: 'To thine own self be true' Journal Article
In: Political Behavior, 43 (3), pp. 1181–1204, 2021, ISSN: 0190-9320.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{5d94c5a1dbc44b979c6a7f49c6641fcb,

title = {Candidate authenticity: 'To thine own self be true'},

author = {Dieter Stiers and Jac Larner and John Kenny and Sofia Breitenstein and Florence Vallée-Dubois and Michael Lewis-Beck},

doi = {10.1007/s11109-019-09589-y},

issn = {0190-9320},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

journal = {Political Behavior},

volume = {43},

number = {3},

pages = {1181–1204},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {In recent electoral contests, political observers and media outlets increasingly report on the level of “authenticity” of political candidates. However, even though this term has become commonplace in political commentary, it has received little attention in empirical electoral research. In this study, we identify the characteristics that we argue make a politician “authentic”. After theoretically discussing the different dimensions of this trait, we propose a survey battery aimed at measuring perceptions of the authenticity of political candidates. Testing our measure using data sets from different countries, we show that the answers to our items load on one latent concept that we call “authenticity”. Furthermore, perceptions of candidate authenticity correlate strongly with evaluations of political parties and leaders, and with vote intention, while they are empirically distinguishable from other traits. We conclude that candidate authenticity is an important trait that should be taken into account by future research.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
In recent electoral contests, political observers and media outlets increasingly report on the level of “authenticity” of political candidates. However, even though this term has become commonplace in political commentary, it has received little attention in empirical electoral research. In this study, we identify the characteristics that we argue make a politician “authentic”. After theoretically discussing the different dimensions of this trait, we propose a survey battery aimed at measuring perceptions of the authenticity of political candidates. Testing our measure using data sets from different countries, we show that the answers to our items load on one latent concept that we call “authenticity”. Furthermore, perceptions of candidate authenticity correlate strongly with evaluations of political parties and leaders, and with vote intention, while they are empirically distinguishable from other traits. We conclude that candidate authenticity is an important trait that should be taken into account by future research.
Close
doi:10.1007/s11109-019-09589-y
Close
1850.
Umgiesser, Georg; Bajo, Marco; Ferrarin, Christian; Cucco, Andrea; Lionello, Piero; Zanchettin, Davide; Papa, Alvise; Tosoni, Alessandro; Ferla, Maurizio; Coraci, Elisa; Morucci, Sara; Crosato, Franco; Bonometto, Andrea; Valentini, Andrea; Orli'c, Mirko; Haigh, Ivan D.; Nielsen, Jacob Woge; Bertin, Xavier; Fortunato, André Bustorff; na Pérez Gómez, Bego; Fanjul, Enrique Alvarez; Paradis, Denis; Jourdan, Didier; Pasquet, Audrey; Mourre, Baptiste; Tintoré, Joaquín; Nicholls, Robert J.
The prediction of floods in Venice: methods, models and uncertainty (review article) Journal Article
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 21 (8), pp. 2679–2704, 2021, ISSN: 1684-9981.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{6dab136dfe74418e8bd2fa273910816d,

title = {The prediction of floods in Venice: methods, models and uncertainty (review article)},

author = {Georg Umgiesser and Marco Bajo and Christian Ferrarin and Andrea Cucco and Piero Lionello and Davide Zanchettin and Alvise Papa and Alessandro Tosoni and Maurizio Ferla and Elisa Coraci and Sara Morucci and Franco Crosato and Andrea Bonometto and Andrea Valentini and Mirko Orli'c and Ivan D. Haigh and Jacob Woge Nielsen and Xavier Bertin and André Bustorff Fortunato and Bego na Pérez Gómez and Enrique Alvarez Fanjul and Denis Paradis and Didier Jourdan and Audrey Pasquet and Baptiste Mourre and Joaquín Tintoré and Robert J. Nicholls},

doi = {10.5194/nhess-21-2679-2021},

issn = {1684-9981},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

journal = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Science},

volume = {21},

number = {8},

pages = {2679--2704},

abstract = {This paper reviews the state of the art in storm surge forecasting and its particular application in the northern Adriatic Sea. The city of Venice already depends on operational storm surge forecasting systems to warn the population and economy of imminent flood threats, as well as help to protect the extensive cultural heritage. This will be more important in the future, with the new mobile barriers called MOSE (MOdulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico, Experimental Electromechanical Module) that will be completed by 2021. The barriers will depend on accurate storm surge forecasting to control their operation. In this paper, the physics behind the flooding of Venice is discussed, and the state of the art of storm surge forecasting in Europe is reviewed. The challenges for the surge forecasting systems are analyzed, especially in view of uncertainty. This includes consideration of selected historic extreme events that were particularly difficult to forecast. Four potential improvements are identified: (1) improve meteorological forecasts, (2) develop ensemble forecasting, (3) assimilation of water level measurements and (4) develop a multimodel approach.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
This paper reviews the state of the art in storm surge forecasting and its particular application in the northern Adriatic Sea. The city of Venice already depends on operational storm surge forecasting systems to warn the population and economy of imminent flood threats, as well as help to protect the extensive cultural heritage. This will be more important in the future, with the new mobile barriers called MOSE (MOdulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico, Experimental Electromechanical Module) that will be completed by 2021. The barriers will depend on accurate storm surge forecasting to control their operation. In this paper, the physics behind the flooding of Venice is discussed, and the state of the art of storm surge forecasting in Europe is reviewed. The challenges for the surge forecasting systems are analyzed, especially in view of uncertainty. This includes consideration of selected historic extreme events that were particularly difficult to forecast. Four potential improvements are identified: (1) improve meteorological forecasts, (2) develop ensemble forecasting, (3) assimilation of water level measurements and (4) develop a multimodel approach.
Close
doi:10.5194/nhess-21-2679-2021
Close
1849.
Lionello, Piero; Barriopedro, David; Ferrarin, Christian; Nicholls, Robert J.; Orli'c, Mirko; Raicich, Fabio; Reale, Marco; Umgiesser, Georg; Vousdoukas, Michalis; Zanchettin, Davide
Extreme floods of Venice: characteristics, dynamics, past and future evolution (review article) Journal Article
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 21 (8), pp. 2705–2731, 2021, ISSN: 1684-9981.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{dc75b84a0ea2414f8041be65edda814f,

title = {Extreme floods of Venice: characteristics, dynamics, past and future evolution (review article)},

author = {Piero Lionello and David Barriopedro and Christian Ferrarin and Robert J. Nicholls and Mirko Orli'c and Fabio Raicich and Marco Reale and Georg Umgiesser and Michalis Vousdoukas and Davide Zanchettin},

doi = {10.5194/nhess-21-2705-2021},

issn = {1684-9981},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

journal = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Science},

volume = {21},

number = {8},

pages = {2705--2731},

abstract = {Floods in the Venice city centre result from the superposition of several factors: astronomical tides; seiches; and atmospherically forced fluctuations, which include storm surges, meteotsunamis, and surges caused by atmospheric planetary waves. All these factors can contribute to positive water height anomalies individually and can increase the probability of extreme events when they act constructively. The largest extreme water heights are mostly caused by the storm surges produced by the sirocco winds, leading to a characteristic seasonal cycle, with the largest and most frequent events occurring from November to March. Storm surges can be produced by cyclones whose centres are located either north or south of the Alps. Historically, the most intense events have been produced by cyclogenesis in the western Mediterranean, to the west of the main cyclogenetic area of the Mediterranean region in the Gulf of Genoa. Only a small fraction of the inter-annual variability in extreme water heights is described by fluctuations in the dominant patterns of atmospheric circulation variability over the Euro-Atlantic sector. Therefore, decadal fluctuations in water height extremes remain largely unexplained. In particular, the effect of the 11-year solar cycle does not appear to be steadily present if more than 100 years of observations are considered. The historic increase in the frequency of floods since the mid-19th century is explained by relative mean sea level rise. Analogously, future regional relative mean sea level rise will be the most important driver of increasing duration and intensity of Venice floods through this century, overcompensating for the small projected decrease in marine storminess. The future increase in extreme water heights covers a wide range, largely reflecting the highly uncertain mass contributions to future mean sea level rise from the melting of Antarctica and Greenland ice sheets, especially towards the end of the century. For a high-emission scenario (RCP8.5), the magnitude of 1-in-100-year water height values at the northern Adriatic coast is projected to increase by 26–35 cm by 2050 and by 53–171 cm by 2100 with respect to the present value and is subject to continued increase thereafter. For a moderate-emission scenario (RCP4.5), these values are 12–17 cm by 2050 and 24–56 cm by 2100. Local subsidence (which is not included in these estimates) will further contribute to the future increase in extreme water heights. This analysis shows the need for adaptive long-term planning of coastal defences using flexible solutions that are appropriate across the large range of plausible future water height extremes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
Floods in the Venice city centre result from the superposition of several factors: astronomical tides; seiches; and atmospherically forced fluctuations, which include storm surges, meteotsunamis, and surges caused by atmospheric planetary waves. All these factors can contribute to positive water height anomalies individually and can increase the probability of extreme events when they act constructively. The largest extreme water heights are mostly caused by the storm surges produced by the sirocco winds, leading to a characteristic seasonal cycle, with the largest and most frequent events occurring from November to March. Storm surges can be produced by cyclones whose centres are located either north or south of the Alps. Historically, the most intense events have been produced by cyclogenesis in the western Mediterranean, to the west of the main cyclogenetic area of the Mediterranean region in the Gulf of Genoa. Only a small fraction of the inter-annual variability in extreme water heights is described by fluctuations in the dominant patterns of atmospheric circulation variability over the Euro-Atlantic sector. Therefore, decadal fluctuations in water height extremes remain largely unexplained. In particular, the effect of the 11-year solar cycle does not appear to be steadily present if more than 100 years of observations are considered. The historic increase in the frequency of floods since the mid-19th century is explained by relative mean sea level rise. Analogously, future regional relative mean sea level rise will be the most important driver of increasing duration and intensity of Venice floods through this century, overcompensating for the small projected decrease in marine storminess. The future increase in extreme water heights covers a wide range, largely reflecting the highly uncertain mass contributions to future mean sea level rise from the melting of Antarctica and Greenland ice sheets, especially towards the end of the century. For a high-emission scenario (RCP8.5), the magnitude of 1-in-100-year water height values at the northern Adriatic coast is projected to increase by 26–35 cm by 2050 and by 53–171 cm by 2100 with respect to the present value and is subject to continued increase thereafter. For a moderate-emission scenario (RCP4.5), these values are 12–17 cm by 2050 and 24–56 cm by 2100. Local subsidence (which is not included in these estimates) will further contribute to the future increase in extreme water heights. This analysis shows the need for adaptive long-term planning of coastal defences using flexible solutions that are appropriate across the large range of plausible future water height extremes.
Close
doi:10.5194/nhess-21-2705-2021
Close
1848.
Zanchettin, Davide; Bruni, Sara; Raicich, Fabio; Lionello, Piero; Adloff, Fanny; Androsov, Alexey; Antonioli, Fabrizio; Artale, Vincenzo; Carminati, Eugenio; Ferrarin, Christian; Fofonova, Vera; Nicholls, Robert J.; Rubinetti, Sara; Rubino, Angelo; Sannino, Gianmaria; Spada, Giorgio; Thiéblemont, Rémi; Tsimplis, Michael; Umgiesser, Georg; Vignudelli, Stefano; Wöppelmann, Guy; Zerbini, Susanna
Sea-level rise in Venice: historic and future trends (review article) Journal Article
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 21 (8), pp. 2643–2678, 2021, ISSN: 1684-9981.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{c3ee875165cb4d2e994dd95644aa5e70,

title = {Sea-level rise in Venice: historic and future trends (review article)},

author = {Davide Zanchettin and Sara Bruni and Fabio Raicich and Piero Lionello and Fanny Adloff and Alexey Androsov and Fabrizio Antonioli and Vincenzo Artale and Eugenio Carminati and Christian Ferrarin and Vera Fofonova and Robert J. Nicholls and Sara Rubinetti and Angelo Rubino and Gianmaria Sannino and Giorgio Spada and Rémi Thiéblemont and Michael Tsimplis and Georg Umgiesser and Stefano Vignudelli and Guy Wöppelmann and Susanna Zerbini},

doi = {10.5194/nhess-21-2643-2021},

issn = {1684-9981},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

journal = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Science},

volume = {21},

number = {8},

pages = {2643--2678},

abstract = {The city of Venice and the surrounding lagoonal ecosystem are highly vulnerable to variations in relative sea level. In the past ∼150 years, this was characterized by an average rate of relative sea-level rise of about 2.5 mm/year resulting from the combined contributions of vertical land movement and sea-level rise. This literature review reassesses and synthesizes the progress achieved in quantification, understanding and prediction of the individual contributions to local relative sea level, with a focus on the most recent studies. Subsidence contributed to about half of the historical relative sea-level rise in Venice. The current best estimate of the average rate of sea-level rise during the observational period from 1872 to 2019 based on tide-gauge data after removal of subsidence effects is 1.23 ± 0.13 mm/year. A higher – but more uncertain – rate of sea-level rise is observed for more recent years. Between 1993 and 2019, an average change of about +2.76 ± 1.75 mm/year is estimated from tide-gauge data after removal of subsidence. Unfortunately, satellite altimetry does not provide reliable sea-level data within the Venice Lagoon. Local sea-level changes in Venice closely depend on sea-level variations in the Adriatic Sea, which in turn are linked to sea-level variations in the Mediterranean Sea. Water mass exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar and its drivers currently constitute a source of substantial uncertainty for estimating future deviations of the Mediterranean mean sea-level trend from the global-mean value. Regional atmospheric and oceanic processes will likely contribute significant interannual and interdecadal future variability in Venetian sea level with a magnitude comparable to that observed in the past. On the basis of regional projections of sea-level rise and an understanding of the local and regional processes affecting relative sea-level trends in Venice, the likely range of atmospherically corrected relative sea-level rise in Venice by 2100 ranges between 32 and 62 cm for the RCP2.6 scenario and between 58 and 110 cm for the RCP8.5 scenario, respectively. A plausible but unlikely high-end scenario linked to strong ice-sheet melting yields about 180 cm of relative sea-level rise in Venice by 2100. Projections of human-induced vertical land motions are currently not available, but historical evidence demonstrates that they have the potential to produce a significant contribution to the relative sea-level rise in Venice, exacerbating the hazard posed by climatically induced sea-level changes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
The city of Venice and the surrounding lagoonal ecosystem are highly vulnerable to variations in relative sea level. In the past ∼150 years, this was characterized by an average rate of relative sea-level rise of about 2.5 mm/year resulting from the combined contributions of vertical land movement and sea-level rise. This literature review reassesses and synthesizes the progress achieved in quantification, understanding and prediction of the individual contributions to local relative sea level, with a focus on the most recent studies. Subsidence contributed to about half of the historical relative sea-level rise in Venice. The current best estimate of the average rate of sea-level rise during the observational period from 1872 to 2019 based on tide-gauge data after removal of subsidence effects is 1.23 ± 0.13 mm/year. A higher – but more uncertain – rate of sea-level rise is observed for more recent years. Between 1993 and 2019, an average change of about +2.76 ± 1.75 mm/year is estimated from tide-gauge data after removal of subsidence. Unfortunately, satellite altimetry does not provide reliable sea-level data within the Venice Lagoon. Local sea-level changes in Venice closely depend on sea-level variations in the Adriatic Sea, which in turn are linked to sea-level variations in the Mediterranean Sea. Water mass exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar and its drivers currently constitute a source of substantial uncertainty for estimating future deviations of the Mediterranean mean sea-level trend from the global-mean value. Regional atmospheric and oceanic processes will likely contribute significant interannual and interdecadal future variability in Venetian sea level with a magnitude comparable to that observed in the past. On the basis of regional projections of sea-level rise and an understanding of the local and regional processes affecting relative sea-level trends in Venice, the likely range of atmospherically corrected relative sea-level rise in Venice by 2100 ranges between 32 and 62 cm for the RCP2.6 scenario and between 58 and 110 cm for the RCP8.5 scenario, respectively. A plausible but unlikely high-end scenario linked to strong ice-sheet melting yields about 180 cm of relative sea-level rise in Venice by 2100. Projections of human-induced vertical land motions are currently not available, but historical evidence demonstrates that they have the potential to produce a significant contribution to the relative sea-level rise in Venice, exacerbating the hazard posed by climatically induced sea-level changes.
Close
doi:10.5194/nhess-21-2643-2021
Close
1847.
Lionello, Piero; Nicholls, Robert J.; Umgiesser, Georg; Zanchettin, Davide
Venice flooding and sea level: past evolution, present issues, and future projections (introduction to the special issue) Journal Article
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 21 (8), pp. 2633–2641, 2021, ISSN: 1684-9981.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{bc4e076c13d3412f98782a550c02adb7,

title = {Venice flooding and sea level: past evolution, present issues, and future projections (introduction to the special issue)},

author = {Piero Lionello and Robert J. Nicholls and Georg Umgiesser and Davide Zanchettin},

doi = {10.5194/nhess-21-2633-2021},

issn = {1684-9981},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

journal = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Science},

volume = {21},

number = {8},

pages = {2633--2641},

abstract = {Venice is an iconic place and a paradigm of huge historical and cultural values at risk. The frequency of the flooding of the city centre has dramatically increased in recent decades, and this threat is expected to continue to grow – and even accelerate – through this century. This special issue is a collection of three review articles addressing different and complementary aspects of the hazards causing the floods of Venice, namely (1) the relative sea level rise, (2) the occurrence of extreme water heights, and (3) the prediction of extreme water heights and floods. It emerges that the effect of compound events poses critical challenges to the forecast of floods, particularly from the perspective of effectively operating the new mobile barriers (Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico – MoSE) in Venice and that the relative sea level rise is the key factor determining the future growth of the flood hazard, so that the present defence strategy is likely to become inadequate within this century under a high-emission scenario. Two strands of research are needed in the future. First, there is a need to better understand and reduce the uncertainty of the future evolution of the relative sea level and its extremes at Venice. However, this uncertainty might not be substantially reduced in the near future, reflecting the uncertain anthropogenic emissions and structural model features. Hence, complementary adaptive planning strategies appropriate for conditions of uncertainty should be explored and developed in the future.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
Venice is an iconic place and a paradigm of huge historical and cultural values at risk. The frequency of the flooding of the city centre has dramatically increased in recent decades, and this threat is expected to continue to grow – and even accelerate – through this century. This special issue is a collection of three review articles addressing different and complementary aspects of the hazards causing the floods of Venice, namely (1) the relative sea level rise, (2) the occurrence of extreme water heights, and (3) the prediction of extreme water heights and floods. It emerges that the effect of compound events poses critical challenges to the forecast of floods, particularly from the perspective of effectively operating the new mobile barriers (Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico – MoSE) in Venice and that the relative sea level rise is the key factor determining the future growth of the flood hazard, so that the present defence strategy is likely to become inadequate within this century under a high-emission scenario. Two strands of research are needed in the future. First, there is a need to better understand and reduce the uncertainty of the future evolution of the relative sea level and its extremes at Venice. However, this uncertainty might not be substantially reduced in the near future, reflecting the uncertain anthropogenic emissions and structural model features. Hence, complementary adaptive planning strategies appropriate for conditions of uncertainty should be explored and developed in the future.
Close
doi:10.5194/nhess-21-2633-2021
Close
1846.
Baird, Sarah; Camfield, Laura; Ghimire, Anita; Hamad, Bassam Abu; Jones, Nicola; Pincock, Kate; Woldehanna, Tassew
Intersectionality as a framework for understanding adolescent vulnerabilities in low and middle income countries: Expanding our commitment to leave no one behind Journal Article
In: European Journal of Development Research, 2021, ISSN: 0957-8811.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{f99a31c6d1334828a8b3bec8cdb59de2,

title = {Intersectionality as a framework for understanding adolescent vulnerabilities in low and middle income countries: Expanding our commitment to leave no one behind},

author = {Sarah Baird and Laura Camfield and Anita Ghimire and Bassam Abu Hamad and Nicola Jones and Kate Pincock and Tassew Woldehanna},

doi = {10.1057/s41287-021-00440-x},

issn = {0957-8811},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

journal = {European Journal of Development Research},

publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.},

abstract = {Given increasing policy attention to the consequences of youth marginalisation for development processes, engaging with the experiences of socially marginalised adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (including those who are out of school, refugees, married, with disabilities or adolescent parents) is a pressing priority. To understand how these disadvantages—and adolescentstextquoteright abilities to respond to them—intersect to shape opportunities and outcomes, this Special Issue draws on the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence conceptual framework which accounts for gender roles and norms, family, community and political economy contexts in shaping adolescentstextquoteright capabilities. Implicitly critiquing a focus within youth studies on individual agency, the articles advance our understanding of how adolescentstextquoteright marginalisation is shaped by their experiences, social identities and the contexts in which they are growing up. An analytical framework foregrounding intersectionality and collective capabilities offers a means to politicise these findings and challenge uncritical academic celebration of individual agency as the means to address structural problems.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
Given increasing policy attention to the consequences of youth marginalisation for development processes, engaging with the experiences of socially marginalised adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (including those who are out of school, refugees, married, with disabilities or adolescent parents) is a pressing priority. To understand how these disadvantages—and adolescentstextquoteright abilities to respond to them—intersect to shape opportunities and outcomes, this Special Issue draws on the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence conceptual framework which accounts for gender roles and norms, family, community and political economy contexts in shaping adolescentstextquoteright capabilities. Implicitly critiquing a focus within youth studies on individual agency, the articles advance our understanding of how adolescentstextquoteright marginalisation is shaped by their experiences, social identities and the contexts in which they are growing up. An analytical framework foregrounding intersectionality and collective capabilities offers a means to politicise these findings and challenge uncritical academic celebration of individual agency as the means to address structural problems.
Close
doi:10.1057/s41287-021-00440-x
Close
1845.
Nicholls, Robert; Beaven, Richard; Stringfellow, Anne; Monfort, Daniel; Wahl, Thomas; Gebert, Julia; Wadey, Matthew; Arns, Arne; Spencer, Kate L.; Reinhart, Debra; Heimovaara, Timo; Santos, Victor M.; Enríquez, Alejandra R.; Cope, Samantha
Coastal landfills and rising sea levels: A challenge for the 21st century Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021, ISSN: 2296-7745.
Links | BibTeX
@article{f87c35e42ec74c688c257cf19fc76bdb,

title = {Coastal landfills and rising sea levels: A challenge for the 21st century},

author = {Robert Nicholls and Richard Beaven and Anne Stringfellow and Daniel Monfort and Thomas Wahl and Julia Gebert and Matthew Wadey and Arne Arns and Kate L. Spencer and Debra Reinhart and Timo Heimovaara and Victor M. Santos and Alejandra R. Enríquez and Samantha Cope},

doi = {10.3389/fmars.2021.710342},

issn = {2296-7745},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-30},

journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.710342
Close
1844.
Baird, Sarah; Camfield, Laura; Haque, Ashraful; Jones, Nicola; Masri, Anas Al; Pincock, Kate; Puri, Mahesh C.
No one left behind: Using mixed-methods research to identify and learn from socially marginalised adolescents in low- and middle-income countries Journal Article
In: European Journal of Development Research, 2021, ISSN: 0957-8811.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX
@article{a979fe1b3dcb4069af31111b7d2d58e7,

title = {No one left behind: Using mixed-methods research to identify and learn from socially marginalised adolescents in low- and middle-income countries},

author = {Sarah Baird and Laura Camfield and Ashraful Haque and Nicola Jones and Anas Al Masri and Kate Pincock and Mahesh C. Puri},

doi = {10.1057/s41287-021-00436-7},

issn = {0957-8811},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-18},

journal = {European Journal of Development Research},

publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.},

abstract = {This article describes the mixed-methods approach used by the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) research programme. It discusses how qualitative and quantitative methods can be used both in isolation and combined to learn about the lives of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), focusing on the methodological and ethical approaches used to reach socially marginalised adolescents (including adolescents with disabilities, adolescents not in school, adolescent refugees, adolescents living in urban slums, adolescents who married as children, and adolescent mothers). We reflect on the implementation of the GAGE conceptual framework, discussing its strengths and weaknesses, and the challenges to promoting inclusive and genuinely mixed-methods research practices. While these methods have been adapted in the countries where research was undertaken, the conceptual framework provides a common methodological approach, utilising an intersectional lens. We show how mixed-methods approaches can contribute to the knowledge base on research with socially marginalised adolescent girls and boys globally, serving as an important resource for future research with young people in LMICs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
This article describes the mixed-methods approach used by the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) research programme. It discusses how qualitative and quantitative methods can be used both in isolation and combined to learn about the lives of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), focusing on the methodological and ethical approaches used to reach socially marginalised adolescents (including adolescents with disabilities, adolescents not in school, adolescent refugees, adolescents living in urban slums, adolescents who married as children, and adolescent mothers). We reflect on the implementation of the GAGE conceptual framework, discussing its strengths and weaknesses, and the challenges to promoting inclusive and genuinely mixed-methods research practices. While these methods have been adapted in the countries where research was undertaken, the conceptual framework provides a common methodological approach, utilising an intersectional lens. We show how mixed-methods approaches can contribute to the knowledge base on research with socially marginalised adolescent girls and boys globally, serving as an important resource for future research with young people in LMICs.
Close
doi:10.1057/s41287-021-00436-7
Close
1843.
Fernandez, Iokine Rodriguez; Aguilar, Vladimir
Juegos de Poder en la Conquista del Sur.: Dominacion, resistencia y transformacion en las luchas contra el extractivismo. Parque Nacional Canaima, Venezuela Technical Report
Ediciones Buria 2021.
Abstract | BibTeX
@techreport{c7215c03cba34075b5d894f5f7556c01,

title = {Juegos de Poder en la Conquista del Sur.: Dominacion, resistencia y transformacion en las luchas contra el extractivismo. Parque Nacional Canaima, Venezuela},

author = {Iokine Rodriguez Fernandez and Vladimir Aguilar},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-09},

publisher = {Ediciones Buria},

institution = {Ediciones Buria},

abstract = {The purpose of this manuscript is to closely examine the power dynamics in resistance struggles to extractivism in Latin America, through a case study in Canaima National Park, Venezuela.Through a retrospective analysis of a socio-environmental conflict over the construction of a high voltage power line to explore electricity from Venezuela to Brazil, which took place between 1997 and 2000, the authors describe and analyze the power dynamics among the indigenous people Pemon and the State for the duration of the conflict, and the subsequent fifteen years. The purpose is to shed light on power games in the dynamics of transformation of socio-environmental conflicts.This implies analyzing the interrelation between the strategies used by the Pemons to impact the hegemonic power, but also those used by the State to reinforce its power and advance an extractivist agenda in the south of the country.This case study will demonstrate that what is transformed and what is not during socio-environmental conflicts depends on the way in which these power relations are exercised and how they develop over time, together with the definition of roles and strategic objectives in a relationship that is generally asymmetric between indigenous peoples (in this case Pemon) and the State.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

Close
The purpose of this manuscript is to closely examine the power dynamics in resistance struggles to extractivism in Latin America, through a case study in Canaima National Park, Venezuela.Through a retrospective analysis of a socio-environmental conflict over the construction of a high voltage power line to explore electricity from Venezuela to Brazil, which took place between 1997 and 2000, the authors describe and analyze the power dynamics among the indigenous people Pemon and the State for the duration of the conflict, and the subsequent fifteen years. The purpose is to shed light on power games in the dynamics of transformation of socio-environmental conflicts.This implies analyzing the interrelation between the strategies used by the Pemons to impact the hegemonic power, but also those used by the State to reinforce its power and advance an extractivist agenda in the south of the country.This case study will demonstrate that what is transformed and what is not during socio-environmental conflicts depends on the way in which these power relations are exercised and how they develop over time, together with the definition of roles and strategic objectives in a relationship that is generally asymmetric between indigenous peoples (in this case Pemon) and the State.
Close
1842.
Kent, Avidan; Kunuji, Valentine
The Investment-Sustainability Conundrum Under the USMCA: An Evolution? Journal Article
In: Vermont Law Review, 46 (2), 2021, ISSN: 0145-2908.
BibTeX
@article{4b12c6440bad47a4b6b4bb5e17f7b99f,

title = {The Investment-Sustainability Conundrum Under the USMCA: An Evolution?},

author = {Avidan Kent and Valentine Kunuji},

issn = {0145-2908},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-02},

journal = {Vermont Law Review},

volume = {46},

number = {2},

publisher = {Vermont Law School},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close
1861 entries « ‹ 1 of 94 › »
Publications by type
All Publications
Books
Book Chapters
Inproceedings
Journal Articles
Miscellaneous
Reports
Working Papers
Menu
All Publications
Books
Book Chapters
Inproceedings
Journal Articles
Miscellaneous
Reports
Working Papers
Tyndall Reports
ScienceBrief: Climate change probably intensifying tropical cyclones
ScienceBrief: Independent expert advisory bodies facilitate ambitious climate policy responses
Launching UNEP report on climate, biodiversity and pollution emergencies
Special Journal Issue Meeting the UN Paris Climate Change Agreement
Working Papers
Impacts of Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise: A Preliminary Case Study of Mombasa, Kenya
Best practice through interdisciplinary for researching global environmental challenges
Foundations for climate resilient and sustainable growing settlements (U-RES)
Climate Change Increases the Risk of Wildfires
About
Contact Us
Events
Partners
Publications
Reports
Research
Researchers
Working Papers
Inside Tyndall
Jobs and Opportunities
Tyndall Early Career Network (TECN)
Governance
Our Vision
Tyndall Travel Strategy
Research Themes
Accelerating Social Transitions
Building Up Resilience
Overcoming Poverty with Climate Actions
Reaching Zero Emissions
Useful Information
Cookie Policy
Privacy Policy
Terms and Conditions
Facebook-f Linkedin Podcast Spotify Twitter Youtube
© 2000 -2021. All rights reserved. The Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research is a trademark of the University of East Anglia.
We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept All”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent.
Cookie SettingsAccept All
Manage consent
Close
Privacy Overview
This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.
Necessary
Necessary
Always Enabled
Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously.
Cookie
Duration
Description
cookielawinfo-checkbox-advertisement 1 year The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Advertisement".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics 11 months This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional 11 months The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary 11 months This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-others 11 months This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance 11 months This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".
viewed_cookie_policy 11 months The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.
Functional
Functional
Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features.
Performance
Performance
Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors.
Analytics
Analytics
Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.
Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads.
Others
Others
Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet.