Split (1)

test · 248 rows

instance_id string	doc_type string	source string	url string	edu_pred_input string	ground_truth string
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{"txt": "Cell Genomics", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4104, "txt": "Cell Genomics", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[1]/div[1]/a/span/span/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Volume 5, Issue 4, 9 April 2025, 100819", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4106, "txt": "Volume 5, Issue 4", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[1]/div[1]/div/a/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4108, "txt": ", 9 April 2025, 100819", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[1]/div[1]/div/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "publish_time", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4haTnS325Aoz6iOsi3HbE6n.gif", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 239, "txt": "<img 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{"txt": "Author links open overlay panel, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4114, "txt": "Author links open overlay panel", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/div/span"}, {"position_id": 4116, "txt": ", , , , , , , , , , , , , , ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/div/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 7, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Under a Creative Commons license", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4118, "txt": "Under a Creative Commons ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[4]/div[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 4120, "txt": "license", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[4]/div[1]/a/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Open access", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4122, "txt": "Open access", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[4]/div[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Highlights", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4124, "txt": "Highlights", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[1]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "•", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4126, "txt": "•", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[1]/div/div/ul/li[1]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Dichotomous accessible and compacted chromatin (dichromatin) marks centromere cores", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4128, "txt": "Dichotomous accessible and compacted chromatin (dichromatin) marks centromere cores", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[1]/div/div/ul/li[1]/span[2]/div"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "•", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4130, "txt": "•", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[1]/div/div/ul/li[2]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Highly accessible chromatin patches punctuate regions of kinetochore attachment", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4132, "txt": "Highly accessible chromatin patches punctuate regions of kinetochore attachment", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[1]/div/div/ul/li[2]/span[2]/div"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "•", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4134, "txt": "•", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[1]/div/div/ul/li[3]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Dichromatin can form irrespective of CENP-B occupancy and alpha satellites", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4136, "txt": "Dichromatin can form irrespective of CENP-B occupancy and alpha satellites", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[1]/div/div/ul/li[3]/span[2]/div"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "•", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4138, "txt": "•", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[1]/div/div/ul/li[4]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Conservation within centromeres is mediated at the level of chromatin, not DNA", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4140, "txt": "Conservation within centromeres is mediated at the level of chromatin, not DNA", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[1]/div/div/ul/li[4]/span[2]/div"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Summary", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4142, "txt": "Summary", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[2]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "The attachment of the kinetochore to the centromere is essential for genome maintenance, yet the highly repetitive nature of satellite regional centromeres limits our understanding of their chromatin organization.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4144, "txt": "The attachment of the kinetochore to the centromere is essential for genome maintenance, yet the highly repetitive nature of satellite regional centromeres limits our understanding of their chromatin organization.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " We demonstrate that single-molecule chromatin fiber sequencing (Fiber-seq) can uniquely co-resolve kinetochore and surrounding chromatin architectures along point centromeres, revealing largely homogeneous single-molecule kinetochore occupancy.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4145, "txt": " We demonstrate that single-molecule chromatin fiber sequencing (Fiber-seq) can uniquely co-resolve kinetochore and surrounding chromatin architectures along point centromeres, revealing largely homogeneous single-molecule kinetochore occupancy.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In contrast, the application of Fiber-seq to regional centromeres exposed marked per-molecule heterogeneity in their chromatin organization.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4146, "txt": " In contrast, the application of Fiber-seq to regional centromeres exposed marked per-molecule heterogeneity in their chromatin organization.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Regional centromere cores uniquely contain a dichotomous chromatin organization (dichromatin) composed of compacted nucleosome arrays punctuated with highly accessible chromatin patches.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4147, "txt": " Regional centromere cores uniquely contain a dichotomous chromatin organization (dichromatin) composed of compacted nucleosome arrays punctuated with highly accessible chromatin patches.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " CENP-B occupancy phases dichromatin to the underlying alpha-satellite repeat within centromere cores but is not necessary for dichromatin formation.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4148, "txt": " CENP-B occupancy phases dichromatin to the underlying alpha-satellite repeat within centromere cores but is not necessary for dichromatin formation.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Centromere core dichromatin is conserved between humans and primates, including along regional centromeres lacking satellite repeats.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4149, "txt": " Centromere core dichromatin is conserved between humans and primates, including along regional centromeres lacking satellite repeats.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Overall, the chromatin organization of regional centromeres is defined by marked per-molecule heterogeneity, buffering kinetochore attachment against sequence and structural variability within regional centromeres.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4150, "txt": " Overall, the chromatin organization of regional centromeres is defined by marked per-molecule heterogeneity, buffering kinetochore attachment against sequence and structural variability within regional centromeres.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Graphical abstract", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4152, "txt": "Graphical abstract", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[3]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2sbcxS2FIJCZ3kTxHW4EHzE.jpeg", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 315, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2sbcxS2FIJCZ3kTxHW4EHzE.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[6]/div[3]/div/div/span/figure/span/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Keywords", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4154, "txt": "Keywords", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[7]/div/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "chromatin", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4156, "txt": "chromatin", "x": 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often embedded within tandemly repeated sequences.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " For example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromeres are composed of ∼125 bp point centromeres built on a single CENP-A nucleosome, whereas human centromeres are composed of regional centromeres that occupy ∼171 bp alpha-satellite repeat units organized into higher-order repeats (HORs) that can span several megabases on each chromosome.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4173, "txt": " For example, ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]"}, {"position_id": 4175, "txt": "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 4177, "txt": " centromeres are composed of ∼125 bp point centromeres built on a single CENP-A nucleosome, whereas human centromeres are composed of regional centromeres that occupy ∼171 bp alpha-satellite repeat units organized into higher-order repeats (HORs) that can span several megabases on each chromosome.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/em[1]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " These alpha-satellite HORs serve as the genetic substrate for kinetochore attachment to the human genome within the centromere core,1,2 and kinetochore interactions within the centromere core are modulated by several DNA-binding proteins, including the sequence-specific DNA-binding protein CENP-B3,4 and the histone H3 variant CENP-A.5 Imaging and genomic studies have demonstrated that kinetochore attachment is limited to only a small portion of the alpha-satellite HOR array, which is marked by CENP-A and CENP-B occupancy along the autosomes and X chromosome6,7 and hypo-CpG methylation8,9,10 (i.e., the centromere core or “centromere dip region” [CDR]).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4178, "txt": " These alpha-satellite HORs serve as the genetic substrate for kinetochore attachment to the human genome within the centromere core,", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 4180, "txt": "1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[1]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4182, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/sup[1]"}, {"position_id": 4184, "txt": "2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[2]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4186, "txt": " and kinetochore interactions within the centromere core are modulated by several DNA-binding proteins, including the sequence-specific DNA-binding protein CENP-B", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 4188, "txt": "3", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[3]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4190, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/sup[2]"}, {"position_id": 4192, "txt": "4", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[4]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4194, "txt": " and the histone H3 variant CENP-A.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 4196, "txt": "5", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[5]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4198, "txt": " Imaging and genomic studies have demonstrated that kinetochore attachment is limited to only a small portion of the alpha-satellite HOR array, which is marked by CENP-A and CENP-B occupancy along the autosomes and X chromosome", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 4200, "txt": "6", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[6]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4202, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/sup[3]"}, {"position_id": 4204, "txt": "7", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[7]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4206, "txt": " and hypo-CpG methylation", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[7]"}, {"position_id": 4208, "txt": "8", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[8]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4210, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/sup[4]"}, {"position_id": 4212, "txt": "9", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[9]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4214, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/sup[5]"}, {"position_id": 4216, "txt": "10", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[10]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4218, "txt": " (i.e., the centromere core or “centromere dip region” [CDR]).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[10]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " However, in vivo chromatin compaction and organization within this region remain largely unresolved, with somewhat contradictory chromatin features appearing to localize to the centromere core.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4219, "txt": " However, ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[10]"}, {"position_id": 4221, "txt": "in vivo", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 4223, "txt": " chromatin compaction and organization within this region remain largely unresolved, with somewhat contradictory chromatin features appearing to localize to the centromere core.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/em[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " For example, the centromere core contains a unique patterning of histones referred to as “centro-chromatin,” which is composed of both centromere-specific CENP-A nucleosomes and H3 nucleosomes dimethylated on Lys4 (H3K4me2)11 that are often associated with euchromatic portions of the genome.12 Despite the presence of these H3K4me2 histones, the centromere core is thought to contain condensed chromatin arrays in vivo,13 which are proposed to arise from CENP-A-mediated nucleosome condensation14 as well as other kinetochore proteins bridging and compacting neighboring nucleosomes.15,16,17 However, the chromatin compaction of centro-chromatin in vivo remains largely unknown.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4224, "txt": " For example, the centromere core contains a unique patterning of histones referred to as “centro-chromatin,” which is composed of both centromere-specific CENP-A nucleosomes and H3 nucleosomes dimethylated on Lys4 (H3K4me2)", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 4226, "txt": "11", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[11]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4228, "txt": " that are often associated with euchromatic portions of the genome.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[11]"}, {"position_id": 4230, "txt": "12", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[12]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4232, "txt": " Despite the presence of these H3K4me2 histones, the centromere core is thought to contain condensed chromatin arrays ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[12]"}, {"position_id": 4234, "txt": "in vivo", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/em[3]"}, {"position_id": 4236, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/em[3]"}, {"position_id": 4238, "txt": "13", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[13]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4240, "txt": " which are proposed to arise from CENP-A-mediated nucleosome condensation", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[13]"}, {"position_id": 4242, "txt": "14", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[14]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4244, "txt": " as well as other kinetochore proteins bridging and compacting neighboring nucleosomes.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[14]"}, {"position_id": 4246, "txt": "15", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[15]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4248, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/sup[6]"}, {"position_id": 4250, "txt": "16", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[16]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4252, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/sup[7]"}, {"position_id": 4254, "txt": "17", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[17]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4256, "txt": " However, the chromatin compaction of centro-chromatin ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[17]"}, {"position_id": 4258, "txt": "in vivo", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/em[4]"}, {"position_id": 4260, "txt": " remains largely unknown.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]/em[4]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Resolving exactly how chromatin is organized along individual chromatin fibers within the centromere, as well as the relationship between kinetochore binding and chromatin organization, has been challenging due to the highly repetitive DNA content of alpha-satellite HORs.13 Specifically, centromeres are systematically unresolved in most reference genomes, and short-read sequencing-based chromatin profiling methods cannot uniquely resolve chromatin architectures across these repetitive DNA arrays (Figure S1A).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4262, "txt": "Resolving exactly how chromatin is organized along individual chromatin fibers within the centromere, as well as the relationship between kinetochore binding and chromatin organization, has been challenging due to the highly repetitive DNA content of alpha-satellite HORs.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]"}, {"position_id": 4264, "txt": "13", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/a[1]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4266, "txt": " Specifically, centromeres are systematically unresolved in most reference genomes, and short-read sequencing-based chromatin profiling methods cannot uniquely resolve chromatin architectures across these repetitive DNA arrays (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 4268, "txt": "Figure S1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/a[2]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4270, "txt": "A).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In addition, short-read sequencing-based chromatin profiling methods are inherently unable to resolve how multiple chromatin features are positioned along a single chromatin fiber, as these methods inherently massively fragment chromatin fibers in the process of studying them.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4271, "txt": " In addition, short-read sequencing-based chromatin profiling methods are inherently unable to resolve how multiple chromatin features are positioned along a single chromatin fiber, as these methods inherently massively fragment chromatin fibers in the process of studying them.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The completion of the first telomere-to-telomere (T2T) human reference genome,18 in combination with emerging methyltransferase-based single-molecule long-read chromatin profiling methods,19,20,21,22 opens the possibility of studying chromatin features across centromeres at single-molecule and single-nucleotide resolution.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4273, "txt": "The completion of the first telomere-to-telomere (T2T) human reference genome,", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div"}, {"position_id": 4275, "txt": "18", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[1]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4277, "txt": " in combination with emerging methyltransferase-based single-molecule long-read chromatin profiling methods,", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 4279, "txt": "19", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[2]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4281, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/sup[1]"}, {"position_id": 4283, "txt": "20", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[3]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4285, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/sup[2]"}, {"position_id": 4287, "txt": "21", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[4]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4289, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/sup[3]"}, {"position_id": 4291, "txt": "22", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[5]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4293, "txt": " opens the possibility of studying chromatin features across centromeres at single-molecule and single-nucleotide resolution.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Specifically, non-specific adenine methyltransferase (m6A-MTase)-based chromatin profiling methods (i.e., single-molecule chromatin fiber sequencing [Fiber-seq]) enable nucleotide-precise mappings of chromatin accessibility, protein occupancy, nucleosome positioning, and CpG methylation along multi-kilobase chromatin fibers19,23 (Figures S1B and S1C).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4294, "txt": " Specifically, non-specific adenine methyltransferase (m6A-MTase)-based chromatin profiling methods (i.e., single-molecule chromatin fiber sequencing [Fiber-seq]) enable nucleotide-precise mappings of chromatin accessibility, protein occupancy, nucleosome positioning, and CpG methylation along multi-kilobase chromatin fibers", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 4296, "txt": "19", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[6]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4298, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/sup[4]"}, {"position_id": 4300, "txt": "23", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[7]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4302, "txt": " (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[7]"}, {"position_id": 4304, "txt": "Figures S1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[8]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4306, "txt": "B and S1C).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Fiber-seq utilizes a non-specific m6A-MTase24 to stencil the chromatin architecture of individual multi-kilobase fibers onto their underlying DNA templates via methylated adenines (Figure 1A), which is a non-endogenous DNA modification in humans.25,26 The genetic and chromatin architecture of each fiber is directly read using highly accurate single-molecule PacBio HiFi long-read DNA sequencing, which is capable of accurately distinguishing m6A- and mCpG-modified bases at single-nucleotide resolution.23,27 We have previously established that both the CpG methylation pattern and chromatin accessibility patterns derived from Fiber-seq data are highly reproducible between replicates23 and show strong agreement with orthogonal methods genome wide, such as bisulfite sequencing and ATAC-seq.19,23,28,29", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4307, "txt": " Fiber-seq utilizes a non-specific m6A-MTase", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[8]"}, {"position_id": 4309, "txt": "24", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[9]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4311, "txt": " to stencil the chromatin architecture of individual multi-kilobase fibers onto their underlying DNA templates via methylated adenines (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[9]"}, {"position_id": 4313, "txt": "Figure 1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[10]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4315, "txt": "A), which is a non-endogenous DNA modification in humans.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[10]"}, {"position_id": 4317, "txt": "25", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[11]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4319, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/sup[5]"}, {"position_id": 4321, "txt": "26", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[12]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4323, "txt": " The genetic and chromatin architecture of each fiber is directly read using highly accurate single-molecule PacBio HiFi long-read DNA sequencing, which is capable of accurately distinguishing m6A- and mCpG-modified bases at single-nucleotide resolution.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[12]"}, {"position_id": 4325, "txt": "23", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[13]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4327, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/sup[6]"}, {"position_id": 4329, "txt": "27", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[14]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4331, "txt": " We have previously established that both the CpG methylation pattern and chromatin accessibility patterns derived from Fiber-seq data are highly reproducible between replicates", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/div/a[14]"}, {"position_id": 4333, 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35, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 1. Resolution of kinetochore and surrounding chromatin architectures along point centromeres", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4351, "txt": "Figure 1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/p/span"}, {"position_id": 4353, "txt": ". Resolution of kinetochore and surrounding chromatin architectures along point centromeres", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(A) Schematic for mapping the chromatin occupancy of point centromeres within the yeast S. cerevisiae using Fiber-seq.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4355, "txt": "(A) Schematic for mapping the chromatin occupancy of point centromeres within the yeast ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]"}, {"position_id": 4357, "txt": "S. cerevisiae", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]/em"}, {"position_id": 4359, "txt": " using Fiber-seq.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]/em"}]}, "tags": ["img", "em"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(B) Locus displaying single-molecule chromatin architectures of the S. cerevisiae chromosome III point centromere, alongside Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) sequencing data and gene annotations.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4361, "txt": "(B) Locus displaying single-molecule chromatin architectures of the ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[2]"}, {"position_id": 4363, "txt": "S. cerevisiae", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[2]/em"}, {"position_id": 4365, "txt": " chromosome III point centromere, alongside Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) sequencing data and gene annotations.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[2]/em"}]}, "tags": ["img", "em"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Each gray bar is a single Fiber-seq read, with purple dashes representing sites of m6A-modified bases along that read.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4366, "txt": " Each gray bar is a single Fiber-seq read, with purple dashes representing sites of m6A-modified bases along that read.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[2]/em"}]}, "tags": ["em", "img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Note the large patches of chromatin accessibility that correspond to CAGE-positive gene promoters as well as those immediately adjacent to the centromere.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4367, "txt": " Note the large patches of chromatin accessibility that correspond to CAGE-positive gene promoters as well as those immediately adjacent to the centromere.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[2]/em"}]}, "tags": ["em", "img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(C) Heatmap displaying average Fiber-seq m6A signal surrounding each of the S. cerevisiae point centromeres.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4369, "txt": "(C) Heatmap displaying average Fiber-seq m6A signal surrounding each of the ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[3]"}, {"position_id": 4371, "txt": "S. cerevisiae", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[3]/em"}, {"position_id": 4373, "txt": " point centromeres.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[3]/em"}]}, "tags": ["img", "em"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(D) (Top) Zoom-in of the per-nucleotide Fiber-seq signal of the S. cerevisiae chromosome III point centromere in relation to the CDEI, CDEII, and CDEIII elements.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4375, "txt": "(D) (Top) Zoom-in of the per-nucleotide Fiber-seq signal of the ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]"}, {"position_id": 4377, "txt": "S. cerevisiae", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 4379, "txt": " chromosome III point centromere in relation to the CDEI, CDEII, and CDEIII elements.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/em[1]"}]}, "tags": ["img", "em"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " (Bottom) Cryo-EM structure of the yeast complete S. cerevisiae inner kinetochore bound to the chromosome III point centromere (PDB:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4380, "txt": " (Bottom) Cryo-EM structure of the yeast complete ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 4382, "txt": "S. cerevisiae", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 4384, "txt": " inner kinetochore bound to the chromosome III point centromere (PDB:", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/em[2]"}]}, "tags": ["img", "em"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 8OW130), with the DNA colored according to the m6A-MTase sensitivity measured via Fiber-seq on S. cerevisiae.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4385, "txt": " ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 4387, "txt": "8OW1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/a[1]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4389, "txt": "30", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/a[2]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4391, "txt": "), with the DNA colored according to the m6A-MTase sensitivity measured via Fiber-seq on ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 4393, "txt": "S. cerevisiae", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/em[3]"}, {"position_id": 4395, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/em[3]"}]}, "tags": ["img", "em"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Results", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4397, "txt": "Results", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Single-molecule chromatin architectures of kinetochore-bound point centromeres", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4399, "txt": "Single-molecule chromatin architectures of kinetochore-bound point centromeres", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/h3"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To map the chromatin architecture of centromeres at single-molecule and near-single-nucleotide resolution, we first applied Fiber-seq to budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Figure 1A), which contain a point centromere along each chromosome.31,32 Similar to humans, the yeast inner kinetochore directly interacts with DNA via a centromere-associated inner kinetochore (CCAN) complex, which contains the histone H3 variant CENP-A (Cse4)31 in addition to the yeast-specific centromere binding factor 1 (Cbf1)33 and the yeast-specific multiprotein complex CBF3.34 Each yeast centromere is organized into three centromere DNA elements (CDEs) (CDEI, CDEII, and CDEIII), and cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures and nuclease digestions of the yeast CCAN complex have shown that the yeast CCAN embeds ∼160 bp of DNA within this complex.35,30 Application of Fiber-seq to asynchronously growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells revealed a discrete change in chromatin structure immediately overlapping the CDEI–III elements (Figures 1B and 1C).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4401, "txt": "To map the chromatin architecture of centromeres at single-molecule and near-single-nucleotide resolution, we first applied Fiber-seq to budding yeast ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div"}, {"position_id": 4403, "txt": "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 4405, "txt": " (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 4407, "txt": "Figure 1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[1]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4409, "txt": "A), which contain a point centromere along each chromosome.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 4411, "txt": "31", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[2]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4413, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/sup[1]"}, {"position_id": 4415, "txt": "32", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[3]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4417, "txt": " Similar to humans, the yeast inner kinetochore directly interacts with DNA via a centromere-associated inner kinetochore (CCAN) complex, which contains the histone H3 variant CENP-A (Cse4)", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 4419, "txt": "31", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[4]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4421, "txt": " in addition to the yeast-specific centromere binding factor 1 (Cbf1)", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 4423, "txt": "33", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[5]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4425, "txt": " and the yeast-specific multiprotein complex CBF3.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 4427, "txt": "34", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[6]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4429, "txt": " Each yeast centromere is organized into three centromere DNA elements (CDEs) (CDEI, CDEII, and CDEIII), and cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures and nuclease digestions of the yeast CCAN complex have shown that the yeast CCAN embeds ∼160 bp of DNA within this complex.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[6]"}, {"position_id": 4431, "txt": "35", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[7]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4433, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/sup[2]"}, {"position_id": 4435, "txt": "30", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[8]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4437, "txt": " Application of Fiber-seq to asynchronously growing ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[8]"}, {"position_id": 4439, "txt": "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 4441, "txt": " cells revealed a discrete change in chromatin structure immediately overlapping the CDEI–III elements (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 4443, "txt": "Figures 1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[9]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4445, "txt": "B and 1C).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[9]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Specifically, >90% of chromatin fibers overlapping the yeast centromere contained a well-positioned MTase-protected region overlapping the CDEI–III elements.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4446, "txt": " Specifically, >90% of chromatin fibers overlapping the yeast centromere contained a well-positioned MTase-protected region overlapping the CDEI–III elements.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This MTase-protected region was significantly larger than the standard nucleosome footprint size observed genome wide, perfectly aligned with the cryo-EM structure of the yeast inner kinetochore (Figure 1D), and was disrupted upon Cse4 destabilization.36 Notably, yeast centromeres were frequently flanked by MTase-sensitive patches (MSPs) of chromatin that mirror the size of traditional gene-regulatory elements (Figures 1B and 1C), indicating that the yeast CCAN is associated with marked alterations in the local chromatin architecture.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4447, "txt": " This MTase-protected region was significantly larger than the standard nucleosome footprint size observed genome wide, perfectly aligned with the cryo-EM structure of the yeast inner kinetochore (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[9]"}, {"position_id": 4449, "txt": "Figure 1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[10]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4451, "txt": "D), and was disrupted upon Cse4 destabilization.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[10]"}, {"position_id": 4453, "txt": "36", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[11]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4455, "txt": " Notably, yeast centromeres were frequently flanked by MTase-sensitive patches (MSPs) of chromatin that mirror the size of traditional gene-regulatory elements (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[11]"}, {"position_id": 4457, "txt": "Figures 1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[12]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4459, "txt": "B and 1C), indicating that the yeast CCAN is associated with marked alterations in the local chromatin architecture.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Together, these findings reveal that Fiber-seq can resolve the chromatin architecture of the CCAN at single-molecule and near-single-nucleotide resolution and that individual fibers demonstrate homogeneous CCAN occupancy that frequently abuts patches of accessible chromatin.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4460, "txt": " Together, these findings reveal that Fiber-seq can resolve the chromatin architecture of the CCAN at single-molecule and near-single-nucleotide resolution and that individual fibers demonstrate homogeneous CCAN occupancy that frequently abuts patches of accessible chromatin.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[1]/div/a[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Dichotomous chromatin marks the centromere core in humans", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4462, "txt": "Dichotomous chromatin marks the centromere core in humans", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/h3"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We next sought to investigate the chromatin architecture of human centromeres by applying Fiber-seq to the human hydatidiform mole CHM13 cell line,37 the same line used for constructing the first human T2T reference genome.9,18 We observed that coupling long-read epigenome maps (Table S1) with paired fully sequenced and assembled genome maps from the same individual enabled us to uniquely map the chromatin architecture of all centromeres in CHM13 cells (Figure 2), overcoming the substantial diversity between individuals38 that is enriched within these highly repetitive genomic regions.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4464, "txt": "We next sought to investigate the chromatin architecture of human centromeres by applying Fiber-seq to the human hydatidiform mole CHM13 cell line,", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div"}, {"position_id": 4466, "txt": "37", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[1]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4468, "txt": " the same line used for constructing the first human T2T reference genome.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 4470, "txt": "9", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[2]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4472, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/sup[1]"}, {"position_id": 4474, "txt": "18", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[3]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4476, "txt": " We observed that coupling long-read epigenome maps (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 4478, "txt": "Table S1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[4]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4480, "txt": ") with paired fully sequenced and assembled genome maps from the same individual enabled us to uniquely map the chromatin architecture of all centromeres in CHM13 cells (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 4482, "txt": "Figure 2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[5]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4484, "txt": "), overcoming the substantial diversity between individuals", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 4486, "txt": "38", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[6]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4488, "txt": " that is enriched within these highly repetitive genomic regions.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Notably, in stark contrast to the yeast point centromeres, CHM13 regional centromeres lacked homogeneously positioned chromatin (Figure 2A).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4489, "txt": " Notably, in stark contrast to the yeast point centromeres, CHM13 regional centromeres lacked homogeneously positioned chromatin (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[6]"}, {"position_id": 4491, "txt": "Figure 2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[7]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4493, "txt": "A).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " However, similar to the region immediately proximal to the yeast point centromere nucleosome, CHM13 centromere cores contained markedly altered chromatin structures not observed elsewhere in the human genome.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4494, "txt": " However, similar to the region immediately proximal to the yeast point centromere nucleosome, CHM13 centromere cores contained markedly altered chromatin structures not observed elsewhere in the human genome.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Specifically, the nucleosome architecture of CHM13 centromere cores diverged from that observed elsewhere in the human genome, containing mononucleosome footprints markedly smaller than the average nucleosome footprint size outside of the centromere core (Figure S1D), consistent with a large population of these centromere core mononucleosomes containing CENP-A, which is known to wrap only 121 bp of DNA in humans.13,39,40 In addition, the centromere core contained some of the most compacted nucleosome arrays within the human genome, with nearly 50% of all nucleosome footprints within the centromere core being di-nucleosomal in size (i.e., >210 bp), consistent with prior observations41, (Figures 2B and 2C).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4495, "txt": " Specifically, the nucleosome architecture of CHM13 centromere cores diverged from that observed elsewhere in the human genome, containing mononucleosome footprints markedly smaller than the average nucleosome footprint size outside of the centromere core (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[7]"}, {"position_id": 4497, "txt": "Figure S1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[8]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4499, "txt": "D), consistent with a large population of these centromere core mononucleosomes containing CENP-A, which is known to wrap only 121 bp of DNA in humans.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[8]"}, {"position_id": 4501, "txt": "13", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[9]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4503, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/sup[2]"}, {"position_id": 4505, "txt": "39", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[10]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4507, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/sup[3]"}, {"position_id": 4509, "txt": "40", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[11]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4511, "txt": " In addition, the centromere core contained some of the most compacted nucleosome arrays within the human genome, with nearly 50% of all nucleosome footprints within the centromere core being di-nucleosomal in size (i.e., >210 bp), consistent with prior observations", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[11]"}, {"position_id": 4513, "txt": "41", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[12]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4515, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/sup[4]"}, {"position_id": 4517, "txt": " (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/sup[4]"}, {"position_id": 4519, "txt": "Figures 2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[13]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4521, "txt": "B and 2C).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Of note, the size of di-nucleosome footprints within the centromere core appears distinct relative to other centromeric and non-centromeric regions (Figure S1E), possibly reflecting unique CCAN footprints within this region.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4522, "txt": " Of note, the size of di-nucleosome footprints within the centromere core appears distinct relative to other centromeric and non-centromeric regions (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[13]"}, {"position_id": 4524, "txt": "Figure S1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[14]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4526, "txt": "E), possibly reflecting unique CCAN footprints within this region.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/div/a[14]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/29MXEKUoeGR4jaJ0z1AQ15c.jpeg", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 688, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/29MXEKUoeGR4jaJ0z1AQ15c.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[1]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 2. Dichotomous accessible chromatin patches mark human CHM13 centromere cores", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4528, "txt": "Figure 2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/p/span"}, {"position_id": 4530, "txt": ". Dichotomous accessible chromatin patches mark human CHM13 centromere cores", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(A) Genomic locus of chromosome 5 centromere showing satellite repeats, bulk CpG methylation, Fiber-seq-identified di-nucleosome footprint density, Fiber-seq-identified accessible chromatin patch density, and the density of Fiber-seq inferred regulatory elements (FIREs).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4532, "txt": "(A) Genomic locus of chromosome 5 centromere showing satellite repeats, bulk CpG methylation, Fiber-seq-identified di-nucleosome footprint density, Fiber-seq-identified accessible chromatin patch density, and the density of Fiber-seq inferred regulatory elements (FIREs).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Fiber-seq tracks generated by aggregating single-molecule data at each base along the genome.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4533, "txt": " Fiber-seq tracks generated by aggregating single-molecule data at each base along the genome.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " On the bottom are individual Fiber-seq reads (gray bars) with m6A-modified bases in purple delineating single-molecule chromatin architectures within euchromatic and heterochromatic regions.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4534, "txt": " On the bottom are individual Fiber-seq reads (gray bars) with m6A-modified bases in purple delineating single-molecule chromatin architectures within euchromatic and heterochromatic regions.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(B) Average density of di-nucleosome footprints and accessible chromatin patches within various genomic regions (∗p < 0.01 Mann-Whitney).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4536, "txt": "(B) Average density of di-nucleosome footprints and accessible chromatin patches within various genomic regions (∗", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[2]"}, 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"/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]"}, {"position_id": 4546, "txt": "p", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/em"}, {"position_id": 4548, "txt": " < 0.01 Mann-Whitney).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/em"}]}, "tags": ["img", "em"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(E) Estimated total number of accessible chromatin patches along each chromosome’s centromere core versus the length of that chromosome.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4550, "txt": "(E) Estimated total number of accessible chromatin patches along each chromosome’s centromere core versus the length of that chromosome.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[5]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Chromosomes with high rates of missegregation42 are in red.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4551, "txt": " Chromosomes with high rates of missegregation", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[5]"}, {"position_id": 4553, "txt": "42", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[5]/a/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4555, "txt": " are in red.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[5]/a"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "See also Figure S1 and Table S1.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4557, "txt": "See also ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[6]"}, {"position_id": 4559, "txt": "Figure S1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[6]/a[1]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4561, "txt": " and ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[6]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 4563, "txt": "Table S1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[6]/a[2]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4565, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[6]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Notably, similar to yeast point centromeres, regional centromere cores in humans were also markedly enriched for large MSPs of chromatin, forming some of the most accessible chromatin domains within the entire human genome (Figures 2B and 2C).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4567, "txt": "Notably, similar to yeast point centromeres, regional centromere cores in humans were also markedly enriched for large MSPs of chromatin, forming some of the most accessible chromatin domains within the entire human genome (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[2]"}, {"position_id": 4569, "txt": "Figures 2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[2]/a[1]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4571, "txt": "B and 2C).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[2]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " However, in stark contrast to traditional heterochromatin or euchromatin domains, individual chromatin fibers originating from the centromere core contained both tightly compacted nucleosome arrays and highly accessible chromatin features abutting each other (Figures 2A and 2C).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4572, "txt": " However, in stark contrast to traditional heterochromatin or euchromatin domains, individual chromatin fibers originating from the centromere core contained both tightly compacted nucleosome arrays and highly accessible chromatin features abutting each other (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[2]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 4574, "txt": "Figures 2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[2]/a[2]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4576, "txt": "A and 2C).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[2]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Accessible chromatin patches were infrequently observed within alpha-satellite regions outside of the centromere core, indicating that they are a unique feature of kinetochore binding.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4578, "txt": "Accessible chromatin patches were infrequently observed within alpha-satellite regions outside of the centromere core, indicating that they are a unique feature of kinetochore binding.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Although these accessible chromatin patches were heterogeneously placed across individual chromatin fibers within the centromere core, these patches nonetheless clustered along individual chromatin fibers within the centromere core (Figure 2D).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4579, "txt": " Although these accessible chromatin patches were heterogeneously placed across individual chromatin fibers within the centromere core, these patches nonetheless clustered along individual chromatin fibers within the centromere core (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]"}, {"position_id": 4581, "txt": "Figure 2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]/a[1]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4583, "txt": "D).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In addition, each chromosome molecule contains only 6–28 accessible chromatin patches within its 80–220 kbp centromere core (Figure 2E), a value that mirrors estimates of the number of kinetochore microtubules that form on individual human centromeres.43,44 Notably, longer chromosomes have significantly more accessible chromatin patches than shorter chromosomes, and after controlling for chromosome length, we observed that chromosomes with the highest rate of missegregation in human RPE-1 cells42 had among the lowest amounts of accessible chromatin patches (Figure 2E).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4584, "txt": " In addition, each chromosome molecule contains only 6–28 accessible chromatin patches within its 80–220 kbp centromere core (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 4586, "txt": "Figure 2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]/a[2]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4588, "txt": "E), a value that mirrors estimates of the number of kinetochore microtubules that form on individual human centromeres.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 4590, "txt": "43", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]/a[3]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4592, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]/sup"}, {"position_id": 4594, "txt": "44", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]/a[4]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4596, "txt": " Notably, longer chromosomes have significantly more accessible chromatin patches than shorter chromosomes, and after controlling for chromosome length, we observed that chromosomes with the highest rate of missegregation in human RPE-1 cells", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 4598, "txt": "42", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]/a[5]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4600, "txt": " had among the lowest amounts of accessible chromatin patches (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 4602, "txt": "Figure 2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]/a[6]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4604, "txt": "E).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]/a[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Together, these findings establish that the centromere core in human CHM13 cells contains a dichotomous chromatin organization (i.e., dichromatin) not found elsewhere in the genome, which is characterized by highly accessible chromatin patches and large di-nucleosome-sized footprints, the combination of which likely directly relates to kinetochore attachment and function within the centromere core.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4605, "txt": " Together, these findings establish that the centromere core in human CHM13 cells contains a dichotomous chromatin organization (i.e., dichromatin) not found elsewhere in the genome, which is characterized by highly accessible chromatin patches and large di-nucleosome-sized footprints, the combination of which likely directly relates to kinetochore attachment and function within the centromere core.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[2]/div[3]/a[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "CENP-B guides centromere core dichromatin to mirror the alpha-satellite DNA repeat", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4607, "txt": "CENP-B guides centromere core dichromatin to mirror the alpha-satellite DNA repeat", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/h3"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We next sought to investigate the impact that the alpha-satellite repeat sequence has on dichromatin formation within CHM13 centromere cores.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4609, "txt": "We next sought to investigate the impact that the alpha-satellite repeat sequence has on dichromatin formation within CHM13 centromere cores.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The 171 bp alpha-satellite repeat is known to preferentially position CENP-A containing nucleosomes both in vitro and in vivo,40,45 so we first sought to identify whether we could observe this preferential positioning along extended alpha-satellite arrays using Fiber-seq data.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4610, "txt": " The 171 bp alpha-satellite repeat is known to preferentially position CENP-A containing nucleosomes both ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div"}, {"position_id": 4612, "txt": "in vitro", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 4614, "txt": " and ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 4616, "txt": "in vivo", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 4618, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 4620, "txt": "40", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[1]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4622, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/sup[1]"}, {"position_id": 4624, "txt": "45", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[2]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4626, "txt": " so we first sought to identify whether we could observe this preferential positioning along extended alpha-satellite arrays using Fiber-seq data.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " To identify the most commonly represented spacing of m6A-modified bases (i.e., the chromatin/nucleosome repeat unit length), we applied a Fourier transform to m6A-modified bases present along each fiber.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4627, "txt": " To identify the most commonly represented spacing of m6A-modified bases (i.e., the chromatin/nucleosome repeat unit length), we applied a Fourier transform to m6A-modified bases present along each fiber.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Importantly, this approach for measuring nucleosome positioning within the centromere is not subject to prior mapping biases, as is observed with short-read methods like MNase-seq.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4628, "txt": " Importantly, this approach for measuring nucleosome positioning within the centromere is not subject to prior mapping biases, as is observed with short-read methods like MNase-seq.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " We observed that chromatin fibers originating from euchromatic and non-alpha-satellite heterochromatic genomic regions have nucleosomes repeating every ∼179–190 bp (Figures 3A, 3B, and S2), consistent with prior reports.46,47 In contrast, centromere core alpha-satellite regions contained a nucleosome repeat unit of 170 bp, mirroring the underlying repeat length of alpha-satellite DNA (Figures 3A and 3B).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4629, "txt": " We observed that chromatin fibers originating from euchromatic and non-alpha-satellite heterochromatic genomic regions have nucleosomes repeating every ∼179–190 bp (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 4631, "txt": "Figures 3", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[3]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4633, "txt": "A, 3B, and ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 4635, "txt": "S2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[4]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4637, "txt": "), consistent with prior reports.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 4639, "txt": "46", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[5]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4641, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/sup[2]"}, {"position_id": 4643, "txt": "47", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[6]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4645, "txt": " In contrast, centromere core alpha-satellite regions contained a nucleosome repeat unit of 170 bp, mirroring the underlying repeat length of alpha-satellite DNA (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[6]"}, {"position_id": 4647, "txt": "Figures 3", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[7]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4649, "txt": "A and 3B).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This reveals that the predominant positioning of nucleosome arrays within the centromere core is directly related to the size of the underlying alpha-satellite repeat.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4650, "txt": " This reveals that the predominant positioning of nucleosome arrays within the centromere core is directly related to the size of the underlying alpha-satellite repeat.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " However, inactive alpha-satellite HORs, as well as divergent/monomeric alpha-satellite HORs, contained a nucleosome repeat unit of 190–193 bp (Figure 3B), indicating that the alpha-satellite repeat in and of itself is not sufficient for enabling chromatin to mirror the underlying DNA repeat.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4651, "txt": " However, inactive alpha-satellite HORs, as well as divergent/monomeric alpha-satellite HORs, contained a nucleosome repeat unit of 190–193 bp (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[7]"}, {"position_id": 4653, "txt": "Figure 3", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[8]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4655, "txt": "B), indicating that the alpha-satellite repeat in and of itself is not sufficient for enabling chromatin to mirror the underlying DNA repeat.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/div/a[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3vzkHM2TEuufhSAhl4Aw8Cu.jpeg", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 790, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3vzkHM2TEuufhSAhl4Aw8Cu.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/figure/span[1]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 3. Centromere core chromatin mirrors the alpha-satellite DNA repeat", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4657, "txt": "Figure 3", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/p/span"}, {"position_id": 4659, "txt": ". Centromere core chromatin mirrors the alpha-satellite DNA repeat", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(A) Box-and-whisker plots of the chromatin repeat lengths from various genomic regions.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4661, "txt": "(A) Box-and-whisker plots of the chromatin repeat lengths from various genomic regions.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Specifically, m6A-marked chromatin features from individual chromatin fibers were subjected to Fourier transform, and the per-molecule spectral densities were then aggregated across different fibers from the same genomic region.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4662, "txt": " Specifically, m6A-marked chromatin features from individual chromatin fibers were subjected to Fourier transform, and the per-molecule spectral densities were then aggregated across different fibers from the same genomic region.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(B) Heatmap of the median spectral density for various chromatin repeat lengths and the peak chromatin repeat length(s) from fibers contained within the euchromatic genome or various satellite repeat regions.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4664, "txt": "(B) Heatmap of the median spectral density for various chromatin repeat lengths and the peak chromatin repeat length(s) from fibers contained within the euchromatic genome or various satellite repeat regions.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[2]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " The satellite DNA repeat unit for each region is also indicated.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4665, "txt": " The satellite DNA repeat unit for each region is also indicated.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[2]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(C) Plot showing the average distance between CENP-B boxes along each centromere core within CHM13 cells alongside a heatmap of the median spectral density for the centromere core and euchromatic regions along each centromere.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4667, "txt": "(C) Plot showing the average distance between CENP-B boxes along each centromere core within CHM13 cells alongside a heatmap of the median spectral density for the centromere core and euchromatic regions along each centromere.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[3]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "See also Figure S2.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4669, "txt": "See also ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]"}, {"position_id": 4671, "txt": "Figure S2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/a/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4673, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]/a"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In addition to CENP-A, alpha-satellite repeats within centromere cores in humans are also bound by the sequence-specific DNA-binding protein CENP-B, which occupies a non-palindromic A/T-rich 17 bp CENP-B box3,4 that predominantly punctuates alternating repeats within alpha-satellite HORs48 (Figures 3C and S3A).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4675, "txt": "In addition to CENP-A, alpha-satellite repeats within centromere cores in humans are also bound by the sequence-specific DNA-binding protein CENP-B, which occupies a non-palindromic A/T-rich 17 bp CENP-B box", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div"}, {"position_id": 4677, "txt": "3", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[1]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4679, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/sup[1]"}, {"position_id": 4681, "txt": "4", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[2]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4683, "txt": " that predominantly punctuates alternating repeats within alpha-satellite HORs", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 4685, "txt": "48", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[3]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4687, "txt": " (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 4689, "txt": "Figures 3", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[4]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4691, "txt": "C and ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 4693, "txt": "S3", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[5]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4695, "txt": "A).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " CENP-B occupancy is known to induce neighboring nucleosome positioning along these repeats in vitro,49,50 and CpG methylation is a known modifier of CENP-B affinity and occupancy in vitro.51,52 Given these features, we next sought to determine whether CENP-B occupancy could be playing a role in the phasing of dichromatin to the alpha-satellite repeat within the centromere core.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4696, "txt": " CENP-B occupancy is known to induce neighboring nucleosome positioning along these repeats ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 4698, "txt": "in vitro", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 4700, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 4702, "txt": "49", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[6]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4704, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/sup[2]"}, {"position_id": 4706, "txt": "50", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[7]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4708, "txt": " and CpG methylation is a known modifier of CENP-B affinity and occupancy ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[7]"}, {"position_id": 4710, "txt": "in vitro", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 4712, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 4714, "txt": "51", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[8]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4716, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/sup[3]"}, {"position_id": 4718, "txt": "52", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[9]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4720, "txt": " Given these features, we next sought to determine whether CENP-B occupancy could be playing a role in the phasing of dichromatin to the alpha-satellite repeat within the centromere core.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[9]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " CENP-B occupancy along the CENP-B box is readily resolved in vitro using DNaseI footprinting,49 and we similarly found that CENP-B occupancy can be resolved in vivo using Fiber-seq (Figures 4A and 4B).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4721, "txt": " CENP-B occupancy along the CENP-B box is readily resolved ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[9]"}, {"position_id": 4723, "txt": "in vitro", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/em[3]"}, {"position_id": 4725, "txt": " using DNaseI footprinting,", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/em[3]"}, {"position_id": 4727, "txt": "49", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[10]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4729, "txt": " and we similarly found that CENP-B occupancy can be resolved ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[10]"}, {"position_id": 4731, "txt": "in vivo", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/em[4]"}, {"position_id": 4733, "txt": " using Fiber-seq (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/em[4]"}, {"position_id": 4735, "txt": "Figures 4", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[11]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4737, "txt": "A and 4B).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[11]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Specifically, CENP-B boxes located within the centromere core demonstrate occupancy with an MTase footprint that mirrors the in vitro CENP-B DNaseI footprint and the protein-DNA contacts within the crystal structure of the CENP-B-DNA complex3,49,53 (Figure 4B).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4738, "txt": " Specifically, CENP-B boxes located within the centromere core demonstrate occupancy with an MTase footprint that mirrors the ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[11]"}, {"position_id": 4740, "txt": "in vitro", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/em[5]"}, {"position_id": 4742, "txt": " CENP-B DNaseI footprint and the protein-DNA contacts within the crystal structure of the CENP-B-DNA complex", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/em[5]"}, {"position_id": 4744, "txt": "3", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[12]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4746, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/sup[4]"}, {"position_id": 4748, "txt": "49", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[13]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4750, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/sup[5]"}, {"position_id": 4752, "txt": "53", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[14]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4754, "txt": " (", "x": 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Furthermore, consistent with prior ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[15]"}, {"position_id": 4761, "txt": "in vitro", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/em[6]"}, {"position_id": 4763, "txt": " findings,", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/em[6]"}, {"position_id": 4765, "txt": "51", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[16]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4767, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/sup[6]"}, {"position_id": 4769, "txt": "52", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[17]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4771, "txt": " we observed that CpG methylation at even one of the 2 CpG di-nucleotides within the CENP-B box largely abrogates CENP-B occupancy within the centromere core ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[17]"}, {"position_id": 4773, "txt": "in vivo", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/em[7]"}, {"position_id": 4775, "txt": " (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/em[7]"}, {"position_id": 4777, "txt": "Figures 4", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[18]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4779, "txt": "B, 4C, and ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[18]"}, {"position_id": 4781, "txt": "S3", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[19]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4783, "txt": "B), indicating that CpG methylation plays a dominant role in modulating CENP-B occupancy within the centromere core.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[19]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Notably, we found that CENP-B boxes that lack CpG methylation within the centromere core preferentially overlap accessible chromatin patches and position nucleosomes immediately adjacent to them (Figures S3C and S3D), thereby organizing dichromatin within the centromere core relative to the underlying alpha-satellite DNA repeat.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4784, "txt": " Notably, we found that CENP-B boxes that lack CpG methylation within the centromere core preferentially overlap accessible chromatin patches and position nucleosomes immediately adjacent to them (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[19]"}, {"position_id": 4786, "txt": "Figures S3", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[20]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4788, "txt": "C and S3D), thereby organizing dichromatin within the centromere core relative to the underlying alpha-satellite DNA repeat.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[20]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " However, this feature was limited to the centromere core, as CENP-B boxes outside of the centromere core were largely unoccupied, irrespective of their CpG methylation status (Figure 4C), with weak CENP-B occupancy only observed at sporadic unmethylated CENP-B boxes located within alpha-satellite HORs flanking the centromere core, a pattern consistent with prior imaging studies.7 Together, these findings suggest a model whereby CENP-B occupancy at hypo-CpG-methylated CENP-B boxes within the centromere core organizes the chromatin architecture to mirror the underlying alpha-satellite repeat.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4789, "txt": " However, this feature was limited to the centromere core, as CENP-B boxes outside of the centromere core were largely unoccupied, irrespective of their CpG methylation status (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[20]"}, {"position_id": 4791, "txt": "Figure 4", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[21]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4793, "txt": "C), with weak CENP-B occupancy only observed at sporadic unmethylated CENP-B boxes located within alpha-satellite HORs flanking the centromere core, a pattern consistent with prior imaging studies.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[21]"}, {"position_id": 4795, "txt": "7", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[22]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4797, "txt": " Together, these findings suggest a model whereby CENP-B occupancy at hypo-CpG-methylated CENP-B boxes within the centromere core organizes the chromatin architecture to mirror the underlying alpha-satellite repeat.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/div/a[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img 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CENP-B selectively occupies and phases dichromatin within the centromere core", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4799, "txt": "Figure 4", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/p/span"}, {"position_id": 4801, "txt": ". CENP-B selectively occupies and phases dichromatin within the centromere core", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(A) Genomic locus showing bulk CpG methylation and per-molecule m6A-marked chromatin architectures and CpG methylations demonstrating single-molecule footprints at centromere core CENP-B boxes.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4803, "txt": "(A) Genomic locus showing bulk CpG methylation and per-molecule m6A-marked chromatin architectures and CpG methylations demonstrating single-molecule footprints at centromere core CENP-B boxes.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", 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"/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[2]/em"}]}, "tags": ["img", "em"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(C) Box-and-whisker plots of footprint scores at CENP-B boxes within various satellite regions as a function of mCpG status at the CENP-B box.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4818, "txt": "(C) Box-and-whisker plots of footprint scores at CENP-B boxes within various satellite regions as a function of mCpG status at the CENP-B box.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[3]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Higher scores quantitatively indicate greater CENP-B occupancy (∗p < 0.01 Mann-Whitney).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4819, "txt": " Higher scores quantitatively indicate greater CENP-B occupancy (∗", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[3]"}, {"position_id": 4821, "txt": "p", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[3]/em"}, {"position_id": 4823, "txt": " < 0.01 Mann-Whitney).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[3]/em"}]}, "tags": ["img", "em"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(D) Average density of di-nucleosome footprints and accessible chromatin patches within various genomic regions along the Y chromosome from HG002 using Fiber-seq data from the GM24385 cell line.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4825, "txt": "(D) Average density of di-nucleosome footprints and accessible chromatin patches within various genomic regions along the Y chromosome from HG002 using Fiber-seq data from the GM24385 cell line.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(E) Heatmap of the median spectral density for centromere core and euchromatic regions along the Y chromosome from HG002 using Fiber-seq data from the GM24385 cell line.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4827, "txt": "(E) Heatmap of the median spectral density for centromere core and euchromatic regions along the Y chromosome from HG002 using Fiber-seq data from the GM24385 cell line.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[5]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "See also Figure S3.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4829, "txt": "See also ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[6]"}, {"position_id": 4831, "txt": "Figure S3", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[6]/a/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4833, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[6]/a"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "To disentangle the role of CENP-B in dichromatin formation, we evaluated chromatin architectures along the Y chromosome centromere, which is formed along alpha-satellite repeats that lack CENP-B boxes.54 The application of Fiber-seq to 46,XY GM24385 cells followed by mapping to the complete GM24385 reference genome (i.e., HG002)10 demonstrated a marked enrichment in both compacted di-nucleosome footprints and large patches of accessible chromatin within the Y chromosome centromere core (Figures 4D and S3E).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4835, "txt": "To disentangle the role of CENP-B in dichromatin formation, we evaluated chromatin architectures along the Y chromosome centromere, which is formed along alpha-satellite repeats that lack CENP-B boxes.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]"}, {"position_id": 4837, "txt": "54", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]/a[1]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4839, "txt": " The application of Fiber-seq to 46,XY GM24385 cells followed by mapping to the complete GM24385 reference genome (i.e., HG002)", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 4841, "txt": "10", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]/a[2]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4843, "txt": " demonstrated a marked enrichment in both compacted di-nucleosome footprints and large patches of accessible chromatin within the Y chromosome centromere core (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 4845, "txt": "Figures 4", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]/a[3]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4847, "txt": "D and ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 4849, "txt": "S3", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]/a[4]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4851, "txt": "E).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]/a[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " However, in contrast to studies using the short-read sequencing method,40 higher-order chromatin organization within the centromere core region of chromosome Y did not mirror the underlying alpha-satellite repeat unit but rather was a continuation of the canonical chromatin repeat unit observed throughout the rest of the HG002 genome (Figure 4E).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4852, "txt": " However, in contrast to studies using the short-read sequencing method,", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 4854, "txt": "40", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]/a[5]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4856, "txt": " higher-order chromatin organization within the centromere core region of chromosome Y did not mirror the underlying alpha-satellite repeat unit but rather was a continuation of the canonical chromatin repeat unit observed throughout the rest of the HG002 genome (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 4858, "txt": "Figure 4", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]/a[6]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4860, "txt": "E).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]/a[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Together, these findings indicate that the phasing of chromatin architectures along the alpha-satellite HOR is intricately intertwined with that of CENP-B occupancy and that dichromatin formation within these regions can form irrespective of CENP-B.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4861, "txt": " Together, these findings indicate that the phasing of chromatin architectures along the alpha-satellite HOR is intricately intertwined with that of CENP-B occupancy and that dichromatin formation within these regions can form irrespective of CENP-B.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[3]/div[3]/a[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Centromere core dichromatin architecture is conserved across highly divergent regional centromeres", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4863, "txt": "Centromere core dichromatin architecture is conserved across highly divergent regional centromeres", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/h3"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We next sought to evaluate the conservation of centromere core dichromatin architecture between multiple human genomes, as the underlying DNA sequence and structure of each centromere can markedly differ between individuals.38 To accomplish this, we applied Fiber-seq to CHM1 and GM24385 cells, as a reference genome for all centromeres within both of these cells was recently resolved.38 Notably, centromere core regions (i.e., hypo-CpG-methylated regions) within each centromere markedly diverge in both their sequence content and location when compared to CHM13 cells (Figures 5A, 5B, and S4).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4865, "txt": "We next sought to evaluate the conservation of centromere core dichromatin architecture between multiple human genomes, as the underlying DNA sequence and structure of each centromere can markedly differ between individuals.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div"}, {"position_id": 4867, "txt": "38", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[1]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4869, "txt": " To accomplish this, we applied Fiber-seq to CHM1 and GM24385 cells, as a reference genome for all centromeres within both of these cells was recently resolved.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 4871, "txt": "38", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[2]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4873, "txt": " Notably, centromere core regions (i.e., hypo-CpG-methylated regions) within each centromere markedly diverge in both their sequence content and location when compared to CHM13 cells (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 4875, "txt": "Figures 5", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[3]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4877, "txt": "A, 5B, and ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 4879, "txt": "S4", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[4]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4881, "txt": ").", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " However, despite the sequence divergence of centromere cores within CHM13 cells or between CHM13 cells and CHM1 and GM24385 cells, these centromere core regions are still marked by dichromatin—exhibiting both compacted di-nucleosome footprints as well as large patches of accessible chromatin intermingled along the same chromatin fiber (Figures 5B, 5C, and S4A).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4882, "txt": " However, despite the sequence divergence of centromere cores within CHM13 cells or between CHM13 cells and CHM1 and GM24385 cells, these centromere core regions are still marked by dichromatin—exhibiting both compacted di-nucleosome footprints as well as large patches of accessible chromatin intermingled along the same chromatin fiber (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 4884, "txt": "Figures 5", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[5]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4886, "txt": "B, 5C, and ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 4888, "txt": "S4", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[6]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4890, "txt": "A).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In addition, the higher-order chromatin organization along the autosomes and X chromosome within CHM1 and GM24385 cells (i.e., centromeres that contain CENP-B boxes) similarly displayed a chromatin repeat unit of 170 bp selectively within centromere cores (Figures S4B and S4C).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4891, "txt": " In addition, the higher-order chromatin organization along the autosomes and X chromosome within CHM1 and GM24385 cells (i.e., centromeres that contain CENP-B boxes) similarly displayed a chromatin repeat unit of 170 bp selectively within centromere cores (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[6]"}, {"position_id": 4893, "txt": "Figures S4", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[7]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4895, "txt": "B and S4C).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Together, these findings demonstrate that dichromatin is a conserved feature of chromatin compaction within the centromere core in humans.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4896, "txt": " Together, these findings demonstrate that dichromatin is a conserved feature of chromatin compaction within the centromere core in humans.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/div/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/246x3a31cqOV3UTQcj1axcgA.jpeg", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 997, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/246x3a31cqOV3UTQcj1axcgA.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/figure/span[1]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 5. Dichromatin is a conserved feature of centromere core chromatin in humans", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4898, "txt": "Figure 5", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/p/span"}, {"position_id": 4900, "txt": ". Dichromatin is a conserved feature of centromere core chromatin in humans", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(A and B) Genomic locus showing chromosome 5 centromere in both CHM13 (A) and CHM1 (B) cells, including CpG methylation and accessible chromatin patches.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4902, "txt": "(A and B) Genomic locus showing chromosome 5 centromere in both CHM13 (A) and CHM1 (B) cells, including CpG methylation and accessible chromatin patches.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " (Bottom) Single-molecule chromatin architecture along individual alpha-satellite repeats within centromere core and non-core alpha-satellite repeats.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4903, "txt": " (Bottom) Single-molecule chromatin architecture along individual alpha-satellite repeats within centromere core and non-core alpha-satellite repeats.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(C) Hexbin plot showing the single-molecule density of di-nucleosome footprints and accessible chromatin patches within various CHM1 centromere cores and surrounding regions.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4905, "txt": "(C) Hexbin plot showing the single-molecule density of di-nucleosome footprints and accessible chromatin patches within various CHM1 centromere cores and surrounding regions.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[2]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "See also Figure S4.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4907, "txt": "See also ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[3]"}, {"position_id": 4909, "txt": "Figure S4", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[3]/a/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4911, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[1]/figure/span[2]/span/div[3]/a"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "To understand if dichromatin is a feature of regional centromeres that lack alpha-satellite repeats, we next applied Fiber-seq to resolve chromatin architectures within gibbon centromeres.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4913, "txt": "To understand if dichromatin is a feature of regional centromeres that lack alpha-satellite repeats, we next applied Fiber-seq to resolve chromatin architectures within gibbon centromeres.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Gibbons have undergone rapid karyotypic evolution accompanied by the inactivation of many ancestral centromeres and the formation of evolutionary new centromeres55 that are largely composed of transposable elements that lack CENP-B boxes and alpha-satellite repeats.56 We first assembled and validated the sequence of five centromeres from the eastern hoolock gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys) by applying Oxford Nanopore (ONT) sequencing, Hi-C, Fiber-seq, and CENP-A Cleavage Under Targets & Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) to a 38,XX lymphoblastoid cell line derived from Betty57 (Figure 6A).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4914, "txt": " Gibbons have undergone rapid karyotypic evolution accompanied by the inactivation of many ancestral centromeres and the formation of evolutionary new centromeres", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div"}, {"position_id": 4916, "txt": "55", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[1]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4918, "txt": " that are largely composed of transposable elements that lack CENP-B boxes and alpha-satellite repeats.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 4920, "txt": "56", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[2]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4922, "txt": " We first assembled and validated the sequence of five centromeres from the eastern hoolock gibbon (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 4924, "txt": "Hoolock leuconedys", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/em"}, {"position_id": 4926, "txt": ") by applying Oxford Nanopore (ONT) sequencing, Hi-C, Fiber-seq, and CENP-A Cleavage Under Targets & Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) to a 38,XX lymphoblastoid cell line derived from Betty", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/em"}, {"position_id": 4928, "txt": "57", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[3]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 4930, "txt": " (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 4932, "txt": "Figure 6", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[4]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4934, "txt": "A).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[4]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " These centromeres contained hypo-CpG-methylated regions corresponding to sites of CENP-A occupancy (Figures 6B and S5).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4935, "txt": " These centromeres contained hypo-CpG-methylated regions corresponding to sites of CENP-A occupancy (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 4937, "txt": "Figures 6", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[5]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4939, "txt": "B and ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 4941, "txt": "S5", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[6]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4943, "txt": ").", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " However, the sequence of these centromere cores was largely derived from transposable elements, not alpha-satellite repeats.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4944, "txt": " However, the sequence of these centromere cores was largely derived from transposable elements, not alpha-satellite repeats.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Notably, despite the lack of alpha-satellite repeats within these centromere cores, these regions were still marked by dichromatin—exhibiting both compacted di-nucleosome footprints and clustered patches of accessible chromatin intermingled along the same chromatin fibers (Figures 6B, 6C, and S5E).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4945, "txt": " Notably, despite the lack of alpha-satellite repeats within these centromere cores, these regions were still marked by dichromatin—exhibiting both compacted di-nucleosome footprints and clustered patches of accessible chromatin intermingled along the same chromatin fibers (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[6]"}, {"position_id": 4947, "txt": "Figures 6", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[7]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4949, "txt": "B, 6C, and ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[7]"}, {"position_id": 4951, "txt": "S5", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[8]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4953, "txt": "E).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Unlike human autosomes, the higher-order chromatin organization within the eastern hoolock gibbon centromere core regions appeared to be a continuation of the canonical chromatin repeat unit observed within flanking regions, albeit less organized owing to the dichromatin features (Figure 6D).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4954, "txt": " Unlike human autosomes, the higher-order chromatin organization within the eastern hoolock gibbon centromere core regions appeared to be a continuation of the canonical chromatin repeat unit observed within flanking regions, albeit less organized owing to the dichromatin features (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[8]"}, {"position_id": 4956, "txt": "Figure 6", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[9]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4958, "txt": "D).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Together, these findings demonstrate that dichromatin is a conserved feature of centromere core chromatin compaction, irrespective of the underlying DNA sequence.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4959, "txt": " Together, these findings demonstrate that dichromatin is a conserved feature of centromere core chromatin compaction, irrespective of the underlying DNA sequence.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/div/a[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2CgnEyZhllN3LnHJyLOBlU.jpeg", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1054, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2CgnEyZhllN3LnHJyLOBlU.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[1]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 6. Centromere core dichromatin architecture does not require alpha-satellite repeats", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4961, "txt": "Figure 6", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/p/span"}, {"position_id": 4963, "txt": ". Centromere core dichromatin architecture does not require alpha-satellite repeats", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(A) Schematic for Fiber-seq in a lymphoblastoid cell line from the eastern hoolock gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys) Betty.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4965, "txt": "(A) Schematic for Fiber-seq in a lymphoblastoid cell line from the eastern hoolock gibbon (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]"}, {"position_id": 4967, "txt": "Hoolock leuconedys", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 4969, "txt": ") Betty.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]/em[1]"}]}, "tags": ["img", "em"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Ultralong-read Nanopore sequencing was used for de novo genome assembly, which was validated using the contigs assembled using Fiber-seq data.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4970, "txt": " Ultralong-read Nanopore sequencing was used for ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 4972, "txt": "de novo", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 4974, "txt": " genome assembly, which was validated using the contigs assembled using Fiber-seq data.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]/em[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em", "img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " CENP-A CUT&RUN was used to identify centromere cores along validated assembly regions.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4975, "txt": " CENP-A CUT&RUN was used to identify centromere cores along validated assembly regions.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[1]/em[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em", "img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(B) Genomic locus showing chromosome 8 centromere, including different repeat classes, CpG methylation, CENP-A CUT&RUN, and Fiber-seq-derived di-nucleosome footprint density, and chromatin accessibility.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4977, "txt": "(B) Genomic locus showing chromosome 8 centromere, including different repeat classes, CpG methylation, CENP-A CUT&RUN, and Fiber-seq-derived di-nucleosome footprint density, and chromatin accessibility.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[2]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " (Bottom) Single-molecule chromatin architecture from pericentromeric gene-regulatory elements, centromere core, and heterochromatin.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4978, "txt": " (Bottom) Single-molecule chromatin architecture from pericentromeric gene-regulatory elements, centromere core, and heterochromatin.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[2]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(C) Hexbin plot showing the single-molecule density of di-nucleosome footprints and accessible chromatin patches within centromere core and flanking regions.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4980, "txt": "(C) Hexbin plot showing the single-molecule density of di-nucleosome footprints and accessible chromatin patches within centromere core and flanking regions.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[3]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(D) Box-and-whisker plots of the chromatin repeat lengths from centromere core and flanking regions.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4982, "txt": "(D) Box-and-whisker plots of the chromatin repeat lengths from centromere core and flanking regions.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " On the bottom the peak chromatin repeat unit as well as the medial spectral density at that repeat unit are indicated, showing that chromatin is more disorganized within the centromere core.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4983, "txt": " On the bottom the peak chromatin repeat unit as well as the medial spectral density at that repeat unit are indicated, showing that chromatin is more disorganized within the centromere core.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[4]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "See also Figure S5.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4985, "txt": "See also ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[5]"}, {"position_id": 4987, "txt": "Figure S5", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[5]/a/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4989, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[2]/section[4]/div[2]/figure/span[2]/span/div[5]/a"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Discussion", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4991, "txt": "Discussion", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "We demonstrate that pairing complete reference centromere genome assemblies with Fiber-seq enables the delineation of chromatin architectures within centromeres at single-molecule and near-single-nucleotide resolution.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4993, "txt": "We demonstrate that pairing complete reference centromere genome assemblies with Fiber-seq enables the delineation of chromatin architectures within centromeres at single-molecule and near-single-nucleotide resolution.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Application of Fiber-seq to four human and non-human primate samples with complete centromere assemblies exposed a unique form of chromatin compaction within the centromere cores that is not observed elsewhere along the genome.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4994, "txt": " Application of Fiber-seq to four human and non-human primate samples with complete centromere assemblies exposed a unique form of chromatin compaction within the centromere cores that is not observed elsewhere along the genome.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Specifically, centromere cores simultaneously contain both the most accessible and compacted chromatin in the genome, with these dichotomous chromatin features both present along individual chromatin fibers.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4995, "txt": " Specifically, centromere cores simultaneously contain both the most accessible and compacted chromatin in the genome, with these dichotomous chromatin features both present along individual chromatin fibers.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In addition, unlike traditional euchromatic regulatory elements, accessible chromatin patches within the centromere core are heterogeneously positioned across individual chromatin fibers.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4996, "txt": " In addition, unlike traditional euchromatic regulatory elements, accessible chromatin patches within the centromere core are heterogeneously positioned across individual chromatin fibers.", "x": 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"position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4998, "txt": " Further work will elucidate the role of dichromatin both within and outside the centromere.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These accessible chromatin patches that punctuate the centromere core create a highly plastic chromatin topology at the region of kinetochore attachment that is readily exposed to proteins essential for maintaining the centromere core.58 Specifically, whereas the surrounding chromatin within the centromere is marked by tightly compacted nucleosome arrays that often stretch >20 kb in length,17 the centromere core contains highly heterogeneous chromatin with clustered accessible chromatin patches often disrupting the ability of compacted nucleosome arrays to extend beyond ∼1 kb in length.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5000, "txt": "These accessible chromatin patches that punctuate the centromere core create a highly plastic chromatin topology at the region of kinetochore attachment that is readily exposed to proteins essential for maintaining the centromere core.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[2]"}, {"position_id": 5002, "txt": "58", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[2]/a[1]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 5004, "txt": " Specifically, whereas the surrounding chromatin within the centromere is marked by tightly compacted nucleosome arrays that often stretch >20 kb in length,", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[2]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 5006, "txt": "17", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[2]/a[2]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 5008, "txt": " the centromere core contains highly heterogeneous chromatin with clustered accessible chromatin patches often disrupting the ability of compacted nucleosome arrays to extend beyond ∼1 kb in length.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[2]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The clustering of these patches along human autosome and chromosome X centromeres potentially reflects the action of bound CENP-B homodimers59 binding to and bridging distinct CENP-B boxes in close physical proximity along the alpha-satellite array.49,60 However, these accessible chromatin patches nonetheless cluster along centromeres that lack CENP-B occupancy, albeit to a lesser degree, indicating that CENP-B occupancy may simply exist as a mechanism for stabilizing this inherent property of chromatin within the centromere core.", "language": "english", "position": 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"txt": " Notably, although CENP-B boxes selectively phase surrounding chromatin to mirror the underlying alpha-satellite repeat, this phasing phenomenon was only observed on centromeres containing occupied CENP-B boxes and was not necessary for dichromatin formation in the centromere core.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[3]/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The basic alpha-satellite repeat unit across species (i.e., 171 bp in primates, 186 bp in the fish Sparus aurata, 155 bp in both Arabidopsis and maize, and 340 bp in pigs)61 is well documented to reflect mono- or di-nucleosome lengths, and our findings suggest that the evolutionary pressure for this may, in fact, be to mediate the clustering of these accessible chromatin patches within the centromere core via the stochastic occupancy of dimeric CENP-B proteins at nearby CENP-B boxes along the chromatin fiber.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5024, "txt": " The basic alpha-satellite repeat unit across species (i.e., 171 bp in primates, 186 bp in the fish ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[3]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 5026, "txt": "Sparus aurata", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[3]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 5028, "txt": ", 155 bp in both ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[3]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 5030, "txt": "Arabidopsis", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[3]/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 5032, "txt": " and maize, and 340 bp in pigs)", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[3]/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 5034, "txt": "61", "x": 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Furthermore, protein occupancy footprints at the yeast point centromeres markedly extend beyond the CDEI–III elements (Figure 1D), suggesting that Cse4 and Cbf1 rarely solo occupy the yeast centromere outside of a CCAN complex and that neighboring sequences may play a role in stabilizing CCAN occupancy.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5057, "txt": " Furthermore, protein occupancy footprints at the yeast point centromeres markedly extend beyond the CDEI–III elements (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[4]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 5059, "txt": "Figure 1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[4]/a[3]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 5061, "txt": "D), suggesting that Cse4 and Cbf1 rarely solo occupy the yeast centromere outside of a CCAN complex and that neighboring sequences may play a role in stabilizing CCAN occupancy.", "x": 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"content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Furthermore, dichromatin can assemble within centromere cores that lack alpha-satellite repeats, indicating that functional conservation within centromeres is mediated at the level of chromatin, not DNA.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5069, "txt": " Furthermore, dichromatin can assemble within centromere cores that lack alpha-satellite repeats, indicating that functional conservation within centromeres is mediated at the level of chromatin, not DNA.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[5]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This likely enables centromeres to have a large degree of plasticity in terms of their underlying DNA sequence while maintaining their overall chromatin structure.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5070, "txt": " This likely enables centromeres to have a large degree of plasticity in terms of their underlying DNA sequence while maintaining their overall chromatin structure.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[5]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " These findings are consistent with the centromere paradox61 and raise additional questions as to how the centromere core remains faithfully localized to a specific region along the genome despite its predilection to form along divergent sequences.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5071, "txt": " These findings are consistent with the centromere paradox", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/div[5]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 5073, "txt": "61", "x": 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CENP-A di-nucleosome.15 However, future work is needed to evaluate this hypothesis.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5089, "txt": " This footprint size is markedly larger than that of the human inner kinetochore bound to a single CENP-A nucleosome", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/section/div/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 5091, "txt": "63", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/section/div/a[3]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 5093, "txt": " and raises suspicion that CCAN occupancy ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/section/div/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 5095, "txt": "in vivo", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[3]/section/div/em"}, {"position_id": 5097, "txt": " includes a bridged CENP-A di-nucleosome.", "x": 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103, "global_sentence_id": 183, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " GSE226394.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5121, "txt": " ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[4]/section[3]/div"}, {"position_id": 5123, "txt": "GSE226394", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[4]/section[3]/div/a[1]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 5125, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[4]/section[3]/div/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " All code used for this paper is available at the following Zenodo repository:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5126, "txt": " All code used for this paper is available at the following Zenodo repository:", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[4]/section[3]/div/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " https://zenodo.org/record/7686305.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5127, "txt": " ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[4]/section[3]/div/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 5129, "txt": "https://zenodo.org/record/7686305", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[4]/section[3]/div/a[2]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 5131, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[4]/section[3]/div/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Acknowledgments", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5133, "txt": "Acknowledgments", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 104, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We thank Steven Henikoff, Stirling Churchman, and John Stamatoyannopoulos for their helpful comments and feedback.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5135, "txt": "We thank Steven Henikoff, Stirling Churchman, and John Stamatoyannopoulos for their helpful comments and feedback.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 105, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " We are grateful to Nam Pho and the research computing group at the University of Washington for computational assistance.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5136, "txt": " We are grateful to Nam Pho and the research computing group at the University of Washington for computational assistance.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 105, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " We thank the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium for generating a complete reference genome of CHM13 cells, as well as the Y chromosome of HG002.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5137, "txt": " We thank the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium for generating a complete reference genome of CHM13 cells, as well as the Y chromosome of HG002.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 105, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " This research was supported by NIH grants 1DP5OD029630 and 1U01HG013744 to A.B.S. and a 2021 Catalytic Collaborations pilot grant from the Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5138, "txt": " This research was supported by ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div"}, {"position_id": 5140, "txt": "NIH", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 5142, "txt": " grants ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 5144, "txt": "1DP5OD029630", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div/a[1]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 5146, "txt": " and ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 5148, "txt": "1U01HG013744", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div/a[2]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 5150, "txt": " to A.B.S. and a 2021 Catalytic Collaborations pilot grant from the ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 5152, "txt": "Brotman Baty Institute", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 5154, "txt": " for Precision Medicine.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 105, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " A.B.S. holds a Career Award for Medical Scientists from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and is a Pew Biomedical Scholar.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5155, "txt": " A.B.S. holds a Career Award for Medical Scientists from the ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 5157, "txt": "Burroughs Wellcome Fund", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 5159, "txt": " and is a Pew Biomedical Scholar.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 105, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " S.B. and S.H. were supported by NIH R35 GM149357, and S.B. is also an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5160, "txt": " S.B. and S.H. were supported by NIH ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 5162, "txt": "R35 GM149357", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div/a[3]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 5164, "txt": ", and S.B. is also an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[5]/div/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 105, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Author contributions", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5166, "txt": "Author contributions", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[6]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 106, "global_sentence_id": 194, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A.B.S., J.R., G.A.H., Y.M., S.H., K.M.M., and B.J.M. designed and performed the experiments.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5168, "txt": "A.B.S., J.R., G.A.H., Y.M., S.H., K.M.M., and B.J.M. designed and performed the experiments.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[6]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 107, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " A.B.S., D.D., A.E.S.C., G.A.H., G.A.L., E.E.E., R.J.O., and T.R. performed the computational analyses.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5169, "txt": " A.B.S., D.D., A.E.S.C., G.A.H., G.A.L., E.E.E., R.J.O., and T.R. performed the computational analyses.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[6]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 107, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " A.B.S. and D.D. wrote the manuscript.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5170, "txt": " A.B.S. and D.D. wrote the manuscript.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[6]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 107, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Declaration of interests", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5172, "txt": "Declaration of interests", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[7]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 108, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A.B.S. is a co-inventor on a patent relating to the Fiber-seq method.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5174, "txt": "A.B.S. is a co-inventor on a patent relating to the Fiber-seq method.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[7]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 109, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " E.E.E. is a scientific advisory board member of Variant Bio.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5175, "txt": " E.E.E. is a scientific advisory board member of Variant Bio.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[7]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 109, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "STAR★Methods", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5177, "txt": "STAR★Methods", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 110, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Key resources table", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5179, "txt": "Key resources table", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[1]/h3"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 111, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<table <table position_id=\"1206\"><thead position_id=\"1207\"><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-bottom\" position_id=\"1208\"><th scope=\"col\" position_id=\"1209\">REAGENT or RESOURCE</th><th scope=\"col\" position_id=\"1210\">SOURCE</th><th scope=\"col\" position_id=\"1211\">IDENTIFIER</th></tr></thead><tbody position_id=\"1212\"><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1213\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1214\"><strong position_id=\"1215\">Antibodies</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1216\"><td position_id=\"1217\">CENP-A monoclonal antibody</td><td position_id=\"1218\">Enzo Life Sciences</td><td position_id=\"1219\">ADI-KAM-CC006-E; RRID: AB_2038993</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1220\"><td position_id=\"1221\">Tri-methyl-histone H3 (Lys4) (C42D8) rabbit monoclonal antibody</td><td position_id=\"1222\">Cell Signaling Technology</td><td position_id=\"1223\">9751; RRID: AB_2616028</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1224\"><td position_id=\"1225\">rabbit (DA1E) monoclonal antibody IgG XP isotype control</td><td position_id=\"1226\">Cell Signaling Technology</td><td position_id=\"1227\">66362; RRID: AB_2924329</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1228\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1229\"><strong position_id=\"1230\">Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1231\"><td position_id=\"1232\">AmnioMax C-100 Basal Medium</td><td position_id=\"1233\">Invitrogen</td><td position_id=\"1234\">12558011</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1235\"><td position_id=\"1236\">Hia5 MTase</td><td position_id=\"1237\">Stergachis et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib19\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib19\" name=\"bbib19\" position_id=\"1238\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1239\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1240\"><sup position_id=\"1241\">19</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1242\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1243\"><td position_id=\"1244\">S-adenosylmethionine</td><td position_id=\"1245\">NEB</td><td position_id=\"1246\">B9003S</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1247\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1248\"><strong position_id=\"1249\">Critical commercial assays</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1250\"><td position_id=\"1251\">Promega Wizard HMW DNA Extraction Kit A2920</td><td position_id=\"1252\">Promega</td><td position_id=\"1253\">A2920</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1254\"><td position_id=\"1255\">SMRTbell prep kit 3.0</td><td position_id=\"1256\">PacBio</td><td position_id=\"1257\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1258\"><td position_id=\"1259\">Sequel II SMRT Cell</td><td position_id=\"1260\">PacBio</td><td position_id=\"1261\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1262\"><td position_id=\"1263\">ONT ligation Sequencing Kit</td><td position_id=\"1264\">ONT</td><td position_id=\"1265\">LSK109</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1266\"><td position_id=\"1267\">Ultra-Long DNA Sequencing Kit</td><td position_id=\"1268\">ONT</td><td position_id=\"1269\">SQK-ULK001</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1270\"><td position_id=\"1271\">Omni-C Proximity Ligation Assay</td><td position_id=\"1272\">Dovetail</td><td position_id=\"1273\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1274\"><td position_id=\"1275\">CUT&RUN Assay Kit</td><td position_id=\"1276\">Cell Signaling Technology</td><td position_id=\"1277\">86652</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1278\"><td position_id=\"1279\">DNA purification with spin columns kit</td><td position_id=\"1280\">Cell Signaling Technology</td><td position_id=\"1281\">14209</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1282\"><td position_id=\"1283\">NEBNext Ultra II DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina</td><td position_id=\"1284\">NEB</td><td position_id=\"1285\">E7645S</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1286\"><td position_id=\"1287\">Nanobind UL Library Prep Kit</td><td position_id=\"1288\">Circulomics</td><td position_id=\"1289\">NB-900-601-01)</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1290\"><td position_id=\"1291\">Nanobind Library Prep</td><td position_id=\"1292\">Circulomics</td><td position_id=\"1293\">LBP-ULN-001</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1294\"><td position_id=\"1295\">Nanobind CBB Big DNA Kit</td><td position_id=\"1296\">Circulomics</td><td position_id=\"1297\">NB-900-001-01</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1298\"><td position_id=\"1299\">Nanobind UHMW DNA Extraction</td><td position_id=\"1300\">Circulomics</td><td position_id=\"1301\">EXT-CLU-001</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1302\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1303\"><strong position_id=\"1304\">Deposited data</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1305\"><td position_id=\"1306\">CHM13 Fiber-seq</td><td position_id=\"1307\">GSM7074431</td><td position_id=\"1308\">GEO: <a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE226394\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1309\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1310\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1311\">GSE226394</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1312\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1313\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1314\"><td position_id=\"1315\">CHM1 Fiber-seq</td><td position_id=\"1316\">GSM7074432</td><td position_id=\"1317\">GEO: <a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE226394\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1318\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1319\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1320\">GSE226394</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1321\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1322\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1323\"><td position_id=\"1324\">GM14385/HG002 Fiber-seq</td><td position_id=\"1325\">GSM7074433</td><td position_id=\"1326\">GEO: <a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE226394\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1327\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1328\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1329\">GSE226394</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1330\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1331\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1332\"><td position_id=\"1333\">HLE Fiber-seq</td><td position_id=\"1334\">GSM7074434</td><td position_id=\"1335\">GEO: <a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE226394\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1336\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1337\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1338\">GSE226394</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1339\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1340\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1341\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1342\"><strong position_id=\"1343\">Experimental models: Cell lines</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1344\"><td position_id=\"1345\">CHM13 Cells</td><td position_id=\"1346\">Gift from Eichler lab, University of Washington</td><td position_id=\"1347\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1348\"><td position_id=\"1349\">CHM1 Cells</td><td position_id=\"1350\">Gift from Eichler lab, University of Washington</td><td position_id=\"1351\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1352\"><td position_id=\"1353\">HLE Cells</td><td position_id=\"1354\">Gift from O’Neil lab, University of Connecticut</td><td position_id=\"1355\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1356\"><td position_id=\"1357\">GM24385</td><td position_id=\"1358\">Coriell</td><td position_id=\"1359\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1360\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1361\"><strong position_id=\"1362\">Experimental models: Organisms/strains</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1363\"><td position_id=\"1364\"><em position_id=\"1365\">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> cells SBY3/W303</td><td position_id=\"1366\">Gift from Biggins lab, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center</td><td position_id=\"1367\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1368\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1369\"><strong position_id=\"1370\">Software and algorithms</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1371\"><td position_id=\"1372\">Custom code</td><td position_id=\"1373\"/><td position_id=\"1374\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://zenodo.org/record/7686305\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1375\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1376\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1377\">https://zenodo.org/record/7686305</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1378\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1379\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1380\"><td position_id=\"1381\">pbmm2</td><td position_id=\"1382\"/><td position_id=\"1383\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/pbmm2\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1384\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1385\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1386\">https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/pbmm2</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1387\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1388\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1389\"><td position_id=\"1390\">fibertools</td><td position_id=\"1391\">Jha et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib27\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib27\" name=\"bbib27\" position_id=\"1392\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1393\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1394\"><sup position_id=\"1395\">27</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1396\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/fiberseq/fibertools-rs\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1397\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1398\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1399\">https://github.com/fiberseq/fibertools-rs</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1400\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1401\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1402\"><td position_id=\"1403\">jasmine</td><td position_id=\"1404\"/><td position_id=\"1405\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/jasmine\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1406\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1407\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1408\">https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/jasmine</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1409\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1410\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1411\"><td position_id=\"1412\"><em position_id=\"1413\">primrose</em></td><td position_id=\"1414\"/><td position_id=\"1415\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/mattoslmp/primrose\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1416\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1417\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1418\">https://github.com/mattoslmp/primrose</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1419\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1420\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1421\"><td position_id=\"1422\"><em position_id=\"1423\">pb-CpG-tools</em></td><td position_id=\"1424\"/><td position_id=\"1425\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/pb-CpG-tools\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1426\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1427\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1428\">https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/pb-CpG-tools</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1429\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1430\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1431\"><td position_id=\"1432\">scipy</td><td position_id=\"1433\">Virtanen et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib62\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib62\" name=\"bbib62\" position_id=\"1434\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1435\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1436\"><sup position_id=\"1437\">64</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1438\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://anaconda.org/anaconda/scipy\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1439\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1440\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1441\">https://anaconda.org/anaconda/scipy</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1442\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1443\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1444\"><td position_id=\"1445\">fimo</td><td position_id=\"1446\">Grant et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib60\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib60\" name=\"bbib60\" position_id=\"1447\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1448\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1449\"><sup position_id=\"1450\">65</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1451\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://meme-suite.org/meme/doc/fimo.html\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1452\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1453\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1454\">https://meme-suite.org/meme/doc/fimo.html</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1455\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1456\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1457\"><td position_id=\"1458\">samtools</td><td position_id=\"1459\">Li et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib63\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib63\" name=\"bbib63\" position_id=\"1460\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1461\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1462\"><sup position_id=\"1463\">66</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1464\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"http://www.htslib.org/\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1465\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1466\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1467\">http://www.htslib.org/</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1468\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1469\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1470\"><td position_id=\"1471\">pilon</td><td position_id=\"1472\">Walker et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib64\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib64\" name=\"bbib64\" position_id=\"1473\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1474\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1475\"><sup position_id=\"1476\">67</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1477\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/broadinstitute/pilon\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1478\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1479\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1480\">https://github.com/broadinstitute/pilon</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1481\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1482\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1483\"><td position_id=\"1484\">PURGEhaplotigs</td><td position_id=\"1485\">Roach et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib65\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib65\" name=\"bbib65\" position_id=\"1486\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1487\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1488\"><sup position_id=\"1489\">68</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1490\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/dfguan/purge_haplotigs\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1491\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1492\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1493\">https://github.com/dfguan/purge_haplotigs</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1494\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1495\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1496\"><td position_id=\"1497\">Juicer</td><td position_id=\"1498\">Durand et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib66\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib66\" name=\"bbib66\" position_id=\"1499\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1500\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1501\"><sup position_id=\"1502\">69</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1503\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/aidenlab/juicer\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1504\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1505\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1506\">https://github.com/aidenlab/juicer</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1507\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1508\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1509\"><td position_id=\"1510\">Assembly Tools</td><td position_id=\"1511\">Durand et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib66\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib66\" name=\"bbib66\" position_id=\"1512\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1513\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1514\"><sup position_id=\"1515\">69</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1516\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/aidenlab/juicer\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1517\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1518\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1519\">https://github.com/aidenlab/juicer</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1520\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1521\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1522\"><td position_id=\"1523\">TGS-GapCloser</td><td position_id=\"1524\"/><td position_id=\"1525\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/BGI-Qingdao/TGS-GapCloser\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1526\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1527\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1528\">https://github.com/BGI-Qingdao/TGS-GapCloser</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1529\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1530\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1531\"><td position_id=\"1532\">LASTZ</td><td position_id=\"1533\"/><td position_id=\"1534\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/lastz/lastz\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1535\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1536\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1537\">https://github.com/lastz/lastz</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1538\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1539\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1540\"><td position_id=\"1541\">Emboss</td><td position_id=\"1542\">Rice et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib67\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib67\" name=\"bbib67\" position_id=\"1543\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1544\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1545\"><sup position_id=\"1546\">70</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1547\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"http://emboss.sourceforge.net/\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1548\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1549\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1550\">http://emboss.sourceforge.net/</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1551\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1552\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1553\"><td position_id=\"1554\">cutadapt</td><td position_id=\"1555\">Martin<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib68\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib68\" name=\"bbib68\" position_id=\"1556\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1557\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1558\"><sup position_id=\"1559\">71</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1560\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://cutadapt.readthedocs.io/\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1561\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1562\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1563\">https://cutadapt.readthedocs.io/</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1564\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1565\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1566\"><td position_id=\"1567\">MACS</td><td position_id=\"1568\">Zhang et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib69\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib69\" name=\"bbib69\" position_id=\"1569\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1570\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1571\"><sup position_id=\"1572\">72</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1573\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/macs3-project/MACS\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1574\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1575\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1576\">https://github.com/macs3-project/MACS</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1577\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1578\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1579\"><td position_id=\"1580\">hifiasm</td><td position_id=\"1581\">Cheng et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib70\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib70\" name=\"bbib70\" position_id=\"1582\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1583\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1584\"><sup position_id=\"1585\">73</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1586\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/chhylp123/hifiasm\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1587\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1588\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1589\">https://github.com/chhylp123/hifiasm</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1590\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1591\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1592\"><td position_id=\"1593\">RepeatMasker</td><td position_id=\"1594\"/><td position_id=\"1595\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"http://www.repeatmasker.org/\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1596\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1597\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1598\">http://www.repeatmasker.org/</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1599\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1600\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1601\"><td position_id=\"1602\">Bonito</td><td position_id=\"1603\"/><td position_id=\"1604\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/nanoporetech/bonito\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1605\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1606\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1607\">https://github.com/nanoporetech/bonito</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1608\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1609\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1610\"><td position_id=\"1611\">Remora</td><td position_id=\"1612\"/><td position_id=\"1613\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/nanoporetech/remora\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1614\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1615\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1616\">https://github.com/nanoporetech/remora</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1617\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1618\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1619\"><td position_id=\"1620\">modbam2bed</td><td position_id=\"1621\"/><td position_id=\"1622\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/nanoporetech/modbam2bed\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1623\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1624\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1625\">https://github.com/nanoporetech/modbam2bed</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1626\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1627\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1628\"><td position_id=\"1629\">bedtools</td><td position_id=\"1630\">Quinlan and Hall<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib71\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib71\" name=\"bbib71\" position_id=\"1631\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1632\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1633\"><sup position_id=\"1634\">74</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1635\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://bedtools.readthedocs.io/\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1636\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1637\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1638\">https://bedtools.readthedocs.io/</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1639\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1640\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1641\"><td position_id=\"1642\">bedops</td><td position_id=\"1643\">Neph et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib72\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib72\" name=\"bbib72\" position_id=\"1644\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1645\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1646\"><sup position_id=\"1647\">75</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1648\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://bedops.readthedocs.io/en/latest/\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1649\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1650\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1651\">https://bedops.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1652\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1653\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1654\"><td position_id=\"1655\">Guppy</td><td position_id=\"1656\">ONT</td><td position_id=\"1657\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1658\"><td position_id=\"1659\">Flye</td><td position_id=\"1660\">Kolmogorov et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib73\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib73\" name=\"bbib73\" position_id=\"1661\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1662\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1663\"><sup position_id=\"1664\">76</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1665\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/mikolmogorov/Flye\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1666\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1667\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1668\">https://github.com/mikolmogorov/Flye</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1669\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1670\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1671\"><td position_id=\"1672\">BWA</td><td position_id=\"1673\">Li and Durbin<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib74\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib74\" name=\"bbib74\" position_id=\"1674\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1675\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1676\"><sup position_id=\"1677\">77</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1678\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/lh3/bwa\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1679\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1680\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1681\">https://github.com/lh3/bwa</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1682\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1683\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1684\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1685\"><strong position_id=\"1686\">Other</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1687\"><td position_id=\"1688\">Sage Science PippinHT platform</td><td position_id=\"1689\">Sage Science</td><td position_id=\"1690\">ELF0001</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1691\"><td position_id=\"1692\">Megaruptor</td><td position_id=\"1693\">Diagenode Diagnostics</td><td position_id=\"1694\">N/A</td></tr></tbody></table>", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1206, "txt": "<table <table position_id=\"1206\"><thead position_id=\"1207\"><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-bottom\" position_id=\"1208\"><th scope=\"col\" position_id=\"1209\">REAGENT or RESOURCE</th><th scope=\"col\" position_id=\"1210\">SOURCE</th><th scope=\"col\" position_id=\"1211\">IDENTIFIER</th></tr></thead><tbody position_id=\"1212\"><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1213\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1214\"><strong position_id=\"1215\">Antibodies</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1216\"><td position_id=\"1217\">CENP-A monoclonal antibody</td><td position_id=\"1218\">Enzo Life Sciences</td><td position_id=\"1219\">ADI-KAM-CC006-E; RRID: AB_2038993</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1220\"><td position_id=\"1221\">Tri-methyl-histone H3 (Lys4) (C42D8) rabbit monoclonal antibody</td><td position_id=\"1222\">Cell Signaling Technology</td><td position_id=\"1223\">9751; RRID: AB_2616028</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1224\"><td position_id=\"1225\">rabbit (DA1E) monoclonal antibody IgG XP isotype control</td><td position_id=\"1226\">Cell Signaling Technology</td><td position_id=\"1227\">66362; RRID: AB_2924329</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1228\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1229\"><strong position_id=\"1230\">Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1231\"><td position_id=\"1232\">AmnioMax C-100 Basal Medium</td><td position_id=\"1233\">Invitrogen</td><td position_id=\"1234\">12558011</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1235\"><td position_id=\"1236\">Hia5 MTase</td><td position_id=\"1237\">Stergachis et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib19\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib19\" name=\"bbib19\" position_id=\"1238\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1239\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1240\"><sup position_id=\"1241\">19</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1242\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1243\"><td position_id=\"1244\">S-adenosylmethionine</td><td position_id=\"1245\">NEB</td><td position_id=\"1246\">B9003S</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1247\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1248\"><strong position_id=\"1249\">Critical commercial assays</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1250\"><td position_id=\"1251\">Promega Wizard HMW DNA Extraction Kit A2920</td><td position_id=\"1252\">Promega</td><td position_id=\"1253\">A2920</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1254\"><td position_id=\"1255\">SMRTbell prep kit 3.0</td><td position_id=\"1256\">PacBio</td><td position_id=\"1257\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1258\"><td position_id=\"1259\">Sequel II SMRT Cell</td><td position_id=\"1260\">PacBio</td><td position_id=\"1261\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1262\"><td position_id=\"1263\">ONT ligation Sequencing Kit</td><td position_id=\"1264\">ONT</td><td position_id=\"1265\">LSK109</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1266\"><td position_id=\"1267\">Ultra-Long DNA Sequencing Kit</td><td position_id=\"1268\">ONT</td><td position_id=\"1269\">SQK-ULK001</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1270\"><td position_id=\"1271\">Omni-C Proximity Ligation Assay</td><td position_id=\"1272\">Dovetail</td><td position_id=\"1273\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1274\"><td position_id=\"1275\">CUT&RUN Assay Kit</td><td position_id=\"1276\">Cell Signaling Technology</td><td position_id=\"1277\">86652</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1278\"><td position_id=\"1279\">DNA purification with spin columns kit</td><td position_id=\"1280\">Cell Signaling Technology</td><td position_id=\"1281\">14209</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1282\"><td position_id=\"1283\">NEBNext Ultra II DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina</td><td position_id=\"1284\">NEB</td><td position_id=\"1285\">E7645S</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1286\"><td position_id=\"1287\">Nanobind UL Library Prep Kit</td><td position_id=\"1288\">Circulomics</td><td position_id=\"1289\">NB-900-601-01)</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1290\"><td position_id=\"1291\">Nanobind Library Prep</td><td position_id=\"1292\">Circulomics</td><td position_id=\"1293\">LBP-ULN-001</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1294\"><td position_id=\"1295\">Nanobind CBB Big DNA Kit</td><td position_id=\"1296\">Circulomics</td><td position_id=\"1297\">NB-900-001-01</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1298\"><td position_id=\"1299\">Nanobind UHMW DNA Extraction</td><td position_id=\"1300\">Circulomics</td><td position_id=\"1301\">EXT-CLU-001</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1302\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1303\"><strong position_id=\"1304\">Deposited data</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1305\"><td position_id=\"1306\">CHM13 Fiber-seq</td><td position_id=\"1307\">GSM7074431</td><td position_id=\"1308\">GEO: <a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE226394\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1309\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1310\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1311\">GSE226394</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1312\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1313\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1314\"><td position_id=\"1315\">CHM1 Fiber-seq</td><td position_id=\"1316\">GSM7074432</td><td position_id=\"1317\">GEO: <a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE226394\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1318\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1319\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1320\">GSE226394</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1321\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1322\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1323\"><td position_id=\"1324\">GM14385/HG002 Fiber-seq</td><td position_id=\"1325\">GSM7074433</td><td position_id=\"1326\">GEO: <a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE226394\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1327\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1328\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1329\">GSE226394</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1330\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1331\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1332\"><td position_id=\"1333\">HLE Fiber-seq</td><td position_id=\"1334\">GSM7074434</td><td position_id=\"1335\">GEO: <a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE226394\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1336\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1337\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1338\">GSE226394</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1339\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1340\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1341\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1342\"><strong position_id=\"1343\">Experimental models: Cell lines</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1344\"><td position_id=\"1345\">CHM13 Cells</td><td position_id=\"1346\">Gift from Eichler lab, University of Washington</td><td position_id=\"1347\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1348\"><td position_id=\"1349\">CHM1 Cells</td><td position_id=\"1350\">Gift from Eichler lab, University of Washington</td><td position_id=\"1351\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1352\"><td position_id=\"1353\">HLE Cells</td><td position_id=\"1354\">Gift from O’Neil lab, University of Connecticut</td><td position_id=\"1355\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1356\"><td position_id=\"1357\">GM24385</td><td position_id=\"1358\">Coriell</td><td position_id=\"1359\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1360\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1361\"><strong position_id=\"1362\">Experimental models: Organisms/strains</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1363\"><td position_id=\"1364\"><em position_id=\"1365\">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> cells SBY3/W303</td><td position_id=\"1366\">Gift from Biggins lab, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center</td><td position_id=\"1367\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1368\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1369\"><strong position_id=\"1370\">Software and algorithms</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1371\"><td position_id=\"1372\">Custom code</td><td position_id=\"1373\"/><td position_id=\"1374\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://zenodo.org/record/7686305\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1375\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1376\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1377\">https://zenodo.org/record/7686305</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1378\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1379\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1380\"><td position_id=\"1381\">pbmm2</td><td position_id=\"1382\"/><td position_id=\"1383\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/pbmm2\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1384\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1385\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1386\">https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/pbmm2</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1387\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1388\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1389\"><td position_id=\"1390\">fibertools</td><td position_id=\"1391\">Jha et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib27\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib27\" name=\"bbib27\" position_id=\"1392\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1393\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1394\"><sup position_id=\"1395\">27</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1396\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/fiberseq/fibertools-rs\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1397\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1398\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1399\">https://github.com/fiberseq/fibertools-rs</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1400\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1401\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1402\"><td position_id=\"1403\">jasmine</td><td position_id=\"1404\"/><td position_id=\"1405\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/jasmine\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1406\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1407\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1408\">https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/jasmine</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1409\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1410\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1411\"><td position_id=\"1412\"><em position_id=\"1413\">primrose</em></td><td position_id=\"1414\"/><td position_id=\"1415\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/mattoslmp/primrose\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1416\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1417\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1418\">https://github.com/mattoslmp/primrose</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1419\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1420\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1421\"><td position_id=\"1422\"><em position_id=\"1423\">pb-CpG-tools</em></td><td position_id=\"1424\"/><td position_id=\"1425\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/pb-CpG-tools\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1426\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1427\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1428\">https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/pb-CpG-tools</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1429\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1430\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1431\"><td position_id=\"1432\">scipy</td><td position_id=\"1433\">Virtanen et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib62\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib62\" name=\"bbib62\" position_id=\"1434\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1435\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1436\"><sup position_id=\"1437\">64</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1438\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://anaconda.org/anaconda/scipy\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1439\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1440\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1441\">https://anaconda.org/anaconda/scipy</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1442\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1443\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1444\"><td position_id=\"1445\">fimo</td><td position_id=\"1446\">Grant et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib60\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib60\" name=\"bbib60\" position_id=\"1447\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1448\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1449\"><sup position_id=\"1450\">65</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1451\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://meme-suite.org/meme/doc/fimo.html\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1452\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1453\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1454\">https://meme-suite.org/meme/doc/fimo.html</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1455\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1456\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1457\"><td position_id=\"1458\">samtools</td><td position_id=\"1459\">Li et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib63\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib63\" name=\"bbib63\" position_id=\"1460\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1461\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1462\"><sup position_id=\"1463\">66</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1464\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"http://www.htslib.org/\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1465\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1466\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1467\">http://www.htslib.org/</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1468\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1469\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1470\"><td position_id=\"1471\">pilon</td><td position_id=\"1472\">Walker et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib64\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib64\" name=\"bbib64\" position_id=\"1473\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1474\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1475\"><sup position_id=\"1476\">67</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1477\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/broadinstitute/pilon\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1478\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1479\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1480\">https://github.com/broadinstitute/pilon</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1481\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1482\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1483\"><td position_id=\"1484\">PURGEhaplotigs</td><td position_id=\"1485\">Roach et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib65\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib65\" name=\"bbib65\" position_id=\"1486\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1487\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1488\"><sup position_id=\"1489\">68</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1490\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/dfguan/purge_haplotigs\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1491\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1492\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1493\">https://github.com/dfguan/purge_haplotigs</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1494\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1495\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1496\"><td position_id=\"1497\">Juicer</td><td position_id=\"1498\">Durand et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib66\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib66\" name=\"bbib66\" position_id=\"1499\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1500\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1501\"><sup position_id=\"1502\">69</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1503\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/aidenlab/juicer\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1504\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1505\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1506\">https://github.com/aidenlab/juicer</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1507\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1508\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1509\"><td position_id=\"1510\">Assembly Tools</td><td position_id=\"1511\">Durand et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib66\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib66\" name=\"bbib66\" position_id=\"1512\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1513\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1514\"><sup position_id=\"1515\">69</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1516\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/aidenlab/juicer\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1517\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1518\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1519\">https://github.com/aidenlab/juicer</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1520\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1521\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1522\"><td position_id=\"1523\">TGS-GapCloser</td><td position_id=\"1524\"/><td position_id=\"1525\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/BGI-Qingdao/TGS-GapCloser\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1526\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1527\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1528\">https://github.com/BGI-Qingdao/TGS-GapCloser</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1529\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1530\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1531\"><td position_id=\"1532\">LASTZ</td><td position_id=\"1533\"/><td position_id=\"1534\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/lastz/lastz\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1535\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1536\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1537\">https://github.com/lastz/lastz</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1538\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1539\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1540\"><td position_id=\"1541\">Emboss</td><td position_id=\"1542\">Rice et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib67\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib67\" name=\"bbib67\" position_id=\"1543\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1544\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1545\"><sup position_id=\"1546\">70</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1547\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"http://emboss.sourceforge.net/\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1548\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1549\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1550\">http://emboss.sourceforge.net/</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1551\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1552\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1553\"><td position_id=\"1554\">cutadapt</td><td position_id=\"1555\">Martin<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib68\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib68\" name=\"bbib68\" position_id=\"1556\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1557\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1558\"><sup position_id=\"1559\">71</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1560\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://cutadapt.readthedocs.io/\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1561\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1562\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1563\">https://cutadapt.readthedocs.io/</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1564\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1565\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1566\"><td position_id=\"1567\">MACS</td><td position_id=\"1568\">Zhang et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib69\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib69\" name=\"bbib69\" position_id=\"1569\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1570\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1571\"><sup position_id=\"1572\">72</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1573\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/macs3-project/MACS\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1574\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1575\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1576\">https://github.com/macs3-project/MACS</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1577\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1578\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1579\"><td position_id=\"1580\">hifiasm</td><td position_id=\"1581\">Cheng et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib70\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib70\" name=\"bbib70\" position_id=\"1582\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1583\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1584\"><sup position_id=\"1585\">73</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1586\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/chhylp123/hifiasm\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1587\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1588\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1589\">https://github.com/chhylp123/hifiasm</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1590\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1591\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1592\"><td position_id=\"1593\">RepeatMasker</td><td position_id=\"1594\"/><td position_id=\"1595\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"http://www.repeatmasker.org/\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1596\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1597\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1598\">http://www.repeatmasker.org/</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1599\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1600\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1601\"><td position_id=\"1602\">Bonito</td><td position_id=\"1603\"/><td position_id=\"1604\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/nanoporetech/bonito\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1605\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1606\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1607\">https://github.com/nanoporetech/bonito</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1608\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1609\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1610\"><td position_id=\"1611\">Remora</td><td position_id=\"1612\"/><td position_id=\"1613\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/nanoporetech/remora\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1614\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1615\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1616\">https://github.com/nanoporetech/remora</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1617\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1618\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1619\"><td position_id=\"1620\">modbam2bed</td><td position_id=\"1621\"/><td position_id=\"1622\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/nanoporetech/modbam2bed\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1623\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1624\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1625\">https://github.com/nanoporetech/modbam2bed</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1626\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1627\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1628\"><td position_id=\"1629\">bedtools</td><td position_id=\"1630\">Quinlan and Hall<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib71\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib71\" name=\"bbib71\" position_id=\"1631\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1632\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1633\"><sup position_id=\"1634\">74</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1635\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://bedtools.readthedocs.io/\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1636\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1637\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1638\">https://bedtools.readthedocs.io/</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1639\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1640\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1641\"><td position_id=\"1642\">bedops</td><td position_id=\"1643\">Neph et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib72\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib72\" name=\"bbib72\" position_id=\"1644\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1645\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1646\"><sup position_id=\"1647\">75</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1648\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://bedops.readthedocs.io/en/latest/\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1649\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1650\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1651\">https://bedops.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1652\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1653\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1654\"><td position_id=\"1655\">Guppy</td><td position_id=\"1656\">ONT</td><td position_id=\"1657\">N/A</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1658\"><td position_id=\"1659\">Flye</td><td position_id=\"1660\">Kolmogorov et al.<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib73\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib73\" name=\"bbib73\" position_id=\"1661\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1662\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1663\"><sup position_id=\"1664\">76</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1665\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/mikolmogorov/Flye\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1666\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1667\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1668\">https://github.com/mikolmogorov/Flye</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1669\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1670\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1671\"><td position_id=\"1672\">BWA</td><td position_id=\"1673\">Li and Durbin<a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=\"true\" data-xocs-content-id=\"bib74\" data-xocs-content-type=\"reference\" href=\"#bib74\" name=\"bbib74\" position_id=\"1674\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1675\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1676\"><sup position_id=\"1677\">77</sup></span></span></a></td><td position_id=\"1678\"><a class=\"anchor anchor-primary\" href=\"https://github.com/lh3/bwa\" target=\"_blank\" position_id=\"1679\"><span class=\"anchor-text-container\" position_id=\"1680\"><span class=\"anchor-text\" position_id=\"1681\">https://github.com/lh3/bwa</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-up-right-tiny arrow-external-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 8 8\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" position_id=\"1682\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\" position_id=\"1683\"/></svg></span></a></td></tr><tr class=\"rowsep-1 valign-top\" position_id=\"1684\"><th colspan=\"3\" scope=\"row\" position_id=\"1685\"><strong position_id=\"1686\">Other</strong></th></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1687\"><td position_id=\"1688\">Sage Science PippinHT platform</td><td position_id=\"1689\">Sage Science</td><td position_id=\"1690\">ELF0001</td></tr><tr class=\"valign-top\" position_id=\"1691\"><td position_id=\"1692\">Megaruptor</td><td position_id=\"1693\">Diagenode Diagnostics</td><td position_id=\"1694\">N/A</td></tr></tbody></table>", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[1]/div/span/div/div/table"}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Method details", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5181, "txt": "Method details", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/h3"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 113, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Cell line authentication", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5183, "txt": "Cell line authentication", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[1]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 114, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The genetic identity of each cell line was authenticated by comparing the genetic sequencing data against previously published sequencing and assembly data from each sample.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5185, "txt": "The genetic identity of each cell line was authenticated by comparing the genetic sequencing data against previously published sequencing and assembly data from each sample.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[1]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 115, "global_sentence_id": 206, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Single-molecule chromatin fiber sequencing", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5187, "txt": "Single-molecule chromatin fiber sequencing", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 116, "global_sentence_id": 207, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "CHM13 cells were grown in AmnioMax C-100 Basal Medium (Invitrogen 12558011), which includes the AmnioMAX C-100 Supplement to approximately 90% confluency at 37°C and 5% CO2.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5189, "txt": "CHM13 cells were grown in AmnioMax C-100 Basal Medium (Invitrogen 12558011), which includes the AmnioMAX C-100 Supplement to approximately 90% confluency at 37°C and 5% CO", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]"}, {"position_id": 5191, "txt": "2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/sub"}, {"position_id": 5193, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/sub"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Growth media was changed daily, and cells were split using 0.25% trypsin (GIbco 25200056).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5194, "txt": " Growth media was changed daily, and cells were split using 0.25% trypsin (GIbco 25200056).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/sub"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 209, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " One million CHM13 cells per sample were pelleted at 250 x g for 5 min (4 samples were processed in parallel), and washed once with PBS and then pelleted again at 250 x g for 5 min.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5195, "txt": " One million CHM13 cells per sample were pelleted at 250 x g for 5 min (4 samples were processed in parallel), and washed once with PBS and then pelleted again at 250 x g for 5 min.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/sub"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 210, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Each cell pellet was resuspended in 60 μl Buffer A (15 mM Tris, pH 8.0; 15 mM NaCl; 60 mM KCl; 1mM EDTA, pH 8.0; 0.5 mM EGTA, pH 8.0; 0.5 mM Spermidine) and 60 μl of cold 2X Lysis buffer (0.1% IGEPAL CA-630 in Buffer A) was added and mixed by gentle flicking then kept on ice for 10 min.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5196, "txt": " Each cell pellet was resuspended in 60 μl Buffer A (15 mM Tris, pH 8.0; 15 mM NaCl; 60 mM KCl; 1mM EDTA, pH 8.0; 0.5 mM EGTA, pH 8.0; 0.5 mM Spermidine) and 60 μl of cold 2X Lysis buffer (0.1% IGEPAL CA-630 in Buffer A) was added and mixed by gentle flicking then kept on ice for 10 min.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/sub"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 211, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Samples were then pelleted at 4°C for 5 min at 350 x g and the supernatant was removed.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5197, "txt": " Samples were then pelleted at 4°C for 5 min at 350 x g and the supernatant was removed.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/sub"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 212, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " The nuclei pellets were gently resuspended individually with wide bore pipette tips in 57.5 μl Buffer A and moved to a 25°C thermocycler.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5198, "txt": " The nuclei pellets were gently resuspended individually with wide bore pipette tips in 57.5 μl Buffer A and moved to a 25°C thermocycler.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/sub"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 213, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 1 μl of Hia5 MTase (200 U)19 and 1.5 μl 32 mM S-adenosylmethionine (NEB B9003S) (0.8 mM final concentration) were added, then carefully mixed by pipetting the volume up and down 10 times with wide bore tips.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5199, "txt": " 1 μl of Hia5 MTase (200 U)", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/sub"}, {"position_id": 5201, "txt": "19", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 5203, "txt": " and 1.5 μl 32 mM S-adenosylmethionine (NEB B9003S) (0.8 mM final concentration) were added, then carefully mixed by pipetting the volume up and down 10 times with wide bore tips.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 214, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " The reactions were incubated for 10 min at 25°C then stopped with 3 μl of 20% SDS (1% final concentration) and transferred to new 1.5 mL microfuge tubes.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5204, "txt": " The reactions were incubated for 10 min at 25°C then stopped with 3 μl of 20% SDS (1% final concentration) and transferred to new 1.5 mL microfuge tubes.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 215, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " The sample volumes were adjusted to 100 μl by the addition of 37 μl PBS.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5205, "txt": " The sample volumes were adjusted to 100 μl by the addition of 37 μl PBS.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 216, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " To that, 500 μl of HMW Lysis Buffer A (Promega Wizard HMW DNA Extraction Kit A2920) and 3 μl RNAse A (ThermoFisher EN0531) were added.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5206, "txt": " To that, 500 μl of HMW Lysis Buffer A (Promega Wizard HMW DNA Extraction Kit A2920) and 3 μl RNAse A (ThermoFisher EN0531) were added.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 217, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " The tubes were mixed by inverting 7 times and incubated 15 min at 37°C.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5207, "txt": " The tubes were mixed by inverting 7 times and incubated 15 min at 37°C.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 218, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 20 μl of Proteinase K (Promega Wizard HMW DNA Extraction Kit A2920) was added and the samples mixed by inverting 10 times and incubated 15 min at 56°C followed by chilling on ice for 1 min.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5208, "txt": " 20 μl of Proteinase K (Promega Wizard HMW DNA Extraction Kit A2920) was added and the samples mixed by inverting 10 times and incubated 15 min at 56°C followed by chilling on ice for 1 min.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 219, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Protein was precipitated by the addition of 200 μl Protein Precipitation Solution (Promega Wizard HMW DNA Extraction Kit A2920).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5209, "txt": " Protein was precipitated by the addition of 200 μl Protein Precipitation Solution (Promega Wizard HMW DNA Extraction Kit A2920).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 220, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Using a wide bore tip the samples were mixed by drawing up contents from the bottom of the tube and then expelled on the side of the tube 5 times.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5210, "txt": " Using a wide bore tip the samples were mixed by drawing up contents from the bottom of the tube and then expelled on the side of the tube 5 times.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Tubes were centrifuged at 16,000g for 5 min.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5211, "txt": " Tubes were centrifuged at 16,000g for 5 min.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " The supernatant was poured into a new 1.5 ml tube containing 600 μl isopropanol.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5212, "txt": " The supernatant was poured into a new 1.5 ml tube containing 600 μl isopropanol.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " This was mixed by gentle inversion 10 times, incubated 1 min at room temperature then inverted an additional 10 times.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5213, "txt": " This was mixed by gentle inversion 10 times, incubated 1 min at room temperature then inverted an additional 10 times.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " DNA was precipitated by centrifugation at 16,000g for 5 min.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5214, "txt": " DNA was precipitated by centrifugation at 16,000g for 5 min.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 225, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " The supernatant was decanted and the pellet washed with the addition of 70% ethanol and centrifuged again at 16,000 g 5 min.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5215, "txt": " The supernatant was decanted and the pellet washed with the addition of 70% ethanol and centrifuged again at 16,000 g 5 min.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 226, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " After the supernatant was decanted, a quick spin was performed to facilitate removal of any residual ethanol.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5216, "txt": " After the supernatant was decanted, a quick spin was performed to facilitate removal of any residual ethanol.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Open tubes were air dried on the bench for 15 min.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5217, "txt": " Open tubes were air dried on the bench for 15 min.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " The DNA was resuspended by the addition of 25 μl 10mM Tris pH 8.0.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5218, "txt": " The DNA was resuspended by the addition of 25 μl 10mM Tris pH 8.0.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Tubes were stored overnight in 4°C and the next day were mixed gently by using a wide bore pipette tip, drawing up the sample 5 times and gently expelling the contents on the side of the tube.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5219, "txt": " Tubes were stored overnight in 4°C and the next day were mixed gently by using a wide bore pipette tip, drawing up the sample 5 times and gently expelling the contents on the side of the tube.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 230, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Samples were then stored at -80°C prior to library construction.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5220, "txt": " Samples were then stored at -80°C prior to library construction.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "DNA shearing, library construction, and PacBio Sequel II sequencing were performed as previously described.19 with the exception that 15-20 kb fragments were targeted when shearing using the Megaruptor (Diagenode Diagnostics).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5222, "txt": "DNA shearing, library construction, and PacBio Sequel II sequencing were performed as previously described.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[2]"}, {"position_id": 5224, "txt": "19", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[2]/a/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 5226, "txt": " with the exception that 15-20 kb fragments were targeted when shearing using the Megaruptor (Diagenode Diagnostics).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[2]/div[2]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 232, 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"/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[4]/div[4]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 5319, "txt": " using default parameters.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[4]/div[4]/em[1]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 127, "global_sentence_id": 262, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " By default, this process is run in the background during fibertools-rs predict-m6A.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5320, "txt": " By default, this process is run in the background during ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[4]/div[4]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 5322, "txt": "fibertools-rs predict-m6A.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[4]/div[4]/em[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 127, "global_sentence_id": 263, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Nucleosome, MSP, and m6A bigWig tracks were generated by counting total occurrences across all molecules at a bp and dividing by the coverage at that bp.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5324, "txt": "Nucleosome, MSP, and m6A bigWig tracks were generated by counting total occurrences across all molecules at a bp and dividing by the coverage at that bp.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[4]/div[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 128, "global_sentence_id": 264, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Identifying the centromere core/centromere dip region", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5326, "txt": "Identifying the centromere core/centromere dip region", "x": 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CHM1 annotations were generated as previously described.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[5]/div/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 5338, "txt": "38", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[5]/div/a[3]/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 5340, "txt": " For CHM13 and CHM1, alpha satellite repeats less than 25 bp apart were merged together and we only kept alpha satellite stretches ≥ 100 kb.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[5]/div/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 130, "global_sentence_id": 266, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " We then made windows of 1190 bp across this region with step size of 170 bp (approximate alpha satellite repeat length).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5341, "txt": " We then made windows of 1190 bp across this region with step size of 170 bp (approximate alpha satellite repeat length).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[5]/div/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 130, "global_sentence_id": 267, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " We then took the mean CpG methylation frequency across all CpG sites that fall in the window.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5342, "txt": " We then took the mean CpG methylation frequency across all CpG sites that fall in the window.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[5]/div/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 130, "global_sentence_id": 268, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " We identified all windows that were below the 35th percentile of CpG methylation window frequency, and merged neighboring windows that passed this threshold.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5343, "txt": " We identified all windows that were below the 35", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[5]/div/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 5345, "txt": "th", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[5]/div/sup[1]"}, {"position_id": 5347, "txt": " percentile of CpG methylation window frequency, and merged neighboring windows that passed this threshold.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[5]/div/sup[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 130, "global_sentence_id": 269, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Merged windows that were 1) at least 15 kb in length, 2) had a mean CpG methylation window frequency < 20th percentile, and 3) were not located in the terminal 70 kb of the alpha satellite repeat region were identified as CDRs.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5348, "txt": " Merged windows that were 1) at least 15 kb in length, 2) had a mean CpG methylation window frequency < 20", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[5]/div/sup[1]"}, {"position_id": 5350, "txt": "th", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[5]/div/sup[2]"}, {"position_id": 5352, "txt": " percentile, and 3) were not located in the terminal 70 kb of the alpha satellite repeat region were identified as CDRs.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[5]/div/sup[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 130, "global_sentence_id": 270, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " For HG002, CDRs were identified using the same approach, but the threshold to the terminus of the alpha satellite array was lowered to 15 kb.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5353, "txt": " For HG002, CDRs were identified using the same approach, but the threshold to the terminus of the alpha satellite array was lowered to 15 kb.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[5]/div/sup[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 130, "global_sentence_id": 271, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " For HLE, we used CENPA CUT&RUN enriched regions to identify the centromere core, as we did not know whether to expect this region to be hypo-CpG methylated.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5354, "txt": " For HLE, we used CENPA CUT&RUN enriched regions to identify the centromere core, as we did not know whether to expect this region to be hypo-CpG methylated.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[5]/div/sup[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 130, "global_sentence_id": 272, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Identification of di-nucleosomes and large MSPs", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5356, "txt": "Identification of di-nucleosomes and large MSPs", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[6]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 131, "global_sentence_id": 273, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The cutoff for identifying di-nucleosomes and large MSPs was 210 and 150, respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5358, "txt": "The cutoff for identifying di-nucleosomes and large MSPs was 210 and 150, respectively.", "x": 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"position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5361, "txt": "Measuring distance between neighboring accessible patches", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[7]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 276, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "To calculate the observed distance between large MSPs we calculated the distance between large MSP start positions.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5363, "txt": "To calculate the observed distance between large MSPs we calculated the distance between large MSP start positions.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[7]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 277, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " To calculate the expected distance between large MSPs in the CDR, we first calculated the number of large MSPs fully contained in the CDR and divided by the total number of sequenced bases per CDR to get a large MSP/sequenced bp value.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5364, "txt": " To calculate the expected distance between large MSPs in the CDR, we first calculated the number of large MSPs fully contained in the CDR and divided by the total number of sequenced bases per CDR to get a large MSP/sequenced bp value.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[7]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 278, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " We then multiply the resulting value by the length of the respective CDR to get the expected number of large MSPs per CDR.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5365, "txt": " We then multiply the resulting value by the length of the respective CDR to get the expected number of large 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"/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[8]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 281, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To determine the chromatin repeat length of individual chromatin fibers, the per-base m6A pattern on each fiber was converted into a binary vector (m6a=1, no-m6a=0).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5370, "txt": "To determine the chromatin repeat length of individual chromatin fibers, the per-base m6A pattern on each fiber was converted into a binary vector (m6a=1, no-m6a=0).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[8]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 136, "global_sentence_id": 282, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " These vectors were then independently analyzed using the scipy.signal.periodogram tool.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5371, "txt": " These vectors were then independently analyzed using the ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[8]/div"}, {"position_id": 5373, "txt": "scipy.signal.periodogram", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[8]/div/em"}, {"position_id": 5375, "txt": " tool.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[8]/div/em"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 136, "global_sentence_id": 283, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " This results in spectral density estimations across a vector of frequencies, which is the inverse of the nucleosome repeat length in base-pairs.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5376, "txt": " This results in spectral density estimations across a vector of frequencies, which is the inverse of the nucleosome repeat length in base-pairs.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[8]/div/em"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 136, "global_sentence_id": 284, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Spectral densities derived from multiple fibers originating from similar genomic loci were combined and displayed.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5377, "txt": " Spectral densities derived from multiple fibers originating from similar genomic loci were combined and displayed.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[8]/div/em"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 136, "global_sentence_id": 285, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Delineating CENP-B binding elements and occupancy", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5379, "txt": "Delineating CENP-B binding 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"position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5382, "txt": " Specifically, genomic regions were scanned with this motif using ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[9]/div[1]"}, {"position_id": 5384, "txt": "fimo", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[9]/div[1]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 5386, "txt": " (version 4.11.2)", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[9]/div[1]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 5388, "txt": "65", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[9]/div[1]/a/span/span/sup"}, {"position_id": 5390, "txt": " with the ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[9]/div[1]/a"}, {"position_id": 5392, "txt": "--parse-genomic-coord --qv-thresh --thresh 0.05 --max-stored-scores 1000000", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[9]/div[1]/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 5394, "txt": " flags.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[9]/div[1]/em[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 138, "global_sentence_id": 288, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " We further filtered motifs to those which contained 2 CpG sites.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5395, "txt": " We further filtered motifs to those which contained 2 CpG sites.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[9]/div[1]/em[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 138, "global_sentence_id": 289, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " To delineate the occupancy of these CENP-B boxes, we intersected CENP-B boxes per-fiber methylation calls.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5396, "txt": " To delineate the occupancy of these CENP-B boxes, we intersected CENP-B boxes per-fiber methylation calls.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[9]/div[1]/em[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 138, "global_sentence_id": 290, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Specifically, the m6A methylation profile of every region along every fiber overlapping a CENP-B box was converted into a binary profile (m6a=1, no-m6a=0) and stored in an array.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5397, "txt": " Specifically, the m6A methylation profile of every region along every fiber overlapping a CENP-B box was converted into a binary profile (m6a=1, no-m6a=0) and stored in an array.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[9]/div[1]/em[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 138, "global_sentence_id": 291, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Based on genomic context and/or CpG methylation contexts these arrays were collapsed to form m6A frequency tracks with a rolling average of 10bp.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5398, "txt": " Based on genomic context and/or CpG methylation contexts these arrays were collapsed to form m6A frequency tracks with a rolling average of 10bp.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[9]/div[1]/em[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 138, "global_sentence_id": 292, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To calculate footprint score distributions, we took all fibers fulfilling a filtering requirement (CpG methylation status/genomic region), 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defined by the mean of the smoothed m6A frequency in the -7 - +1 positions relative to the center of the CENP-B box.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5403, "txt": " The CENP-B core score was defined by the mean of the smoothed m6A frequency in the -7 - +1 positions relative to the center of the CENP-B box.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[9]/div[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 139, "global_sentence_id": 296, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Quantifying nucleosome positioning surrounding CENP-B boxes", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5405, "txt": "Quantifying nucleosome positioning surrounding CENP-B boxes", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[10]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 140, "global_sentence_id": 297, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To visualize the association of CENP-B occupancy and surrounding nucleosome positioning we first classified every instance of a chromatin fiber overlapping a CENP-B box by its CpG methylation state (0,1 or 2 mCpGs).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5407, "txt": "To visualize the association of CENP-B occupancy and surrounding nucleosome positioning we first classified every instance of a chromatin fiber overlapping a CENP-B box by its CpG methylation state (0,1 or 2 mCpGs).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[10]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 141, "global_sentence_id": 298, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " For each overlap, we took the closest (Relative to center of CENPB box) boundary of both the upstream and downstream nucleosome.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5408, "txt": " For each overlap, we took 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according to the Dovetail Omni-C Proximity Ligation Assay protocol for mammalian samples (v1.4) as written.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[8]/div[1]/section[8]/section[2]/section[12]/div/em"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 146, "global_sentence_id": 310, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Lysate quantification was performed using the Qubit dsDNA HS kit for the Qubit Fluorometer and the D5000 HS kit for the Agilent TapeStation 2200. 150 bp paired end sequencing was performed on the Illumina NextSeq 550 V2 platform to a depth of ∼274M reads.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5437, "txt": " Lysate quantification was performed using the Qubit dsDNA HS kit for the Qubit Fluorometer and the D5000 HS kit for the Agilent TapeStation 2200. 150 bp paired end sequencing was performed on the Illumina NextSeq 550 V2 platform to a depth of ∼274M reads.", "x": 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"/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[14]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 498, "global_sentence_id": 830, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Published by Elsevier Inc.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 6433, "txt": " Published by Elsevier Inc.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/article/div[14]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 498, "global_sentence_id": 831, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# Conservation of dichromatin organization along regional centromeres ## Highlights ## Summary ## Graphical abstract ## Keywords ## Introduction ## Results ### Single-molecule chromatin architectures of kinetochore-bound point centromeres ### Dichotomous chromatin marks the centromere core in humans ### CENP-B guides centromere core dichromatin to mirror the alpha-satellite DNA repeat ### Centromere core dichromatin architecture is conserved across highly divergent regional centromeres ## Discussion ## Limitations of the study ## STAR★Methods ### Key resources table ### Method details #### Cell line authentication #### Single-molecule chromatin fiber sequencing #### Yeast strains, yeast fiber-seq and genomic DNA (gDNA) extraction #### Mapping and identifying single-molecule chromatin features #### Identifying the centromere core/centromere dip region #### Identification of di-nucleosomes and large MSPs #### Measuring distance between neighboring accessible patches #### Determining chromatin repeat lengths #### Delineating CENP-B binding elements and occupancy #### Quantifying nucleosome positioning surrounding CENP-B boxes #### Hoolock leuconedys Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing #### Hoolock leuconedys Dovetail Omni-C sequencing #### Hoolock leuconedys CUT&RUN sequencing #### Hoolock leuconedys genome assembly #### Hoolock leuconedys centromere annotation ### Quantification and statistical analysis
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"白宫称这项灵活性政策允许拥有健全技术保护体系和与美国国家安全及外交政策利益一致的技术生态系统的司法管辖区，从无缝的大规模采购中获益。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 189, "txt": "白宫称这项灵活性政策允许拥有健全技术保护体系和与美国国家安全及外交政策利益一致的技术生态系统的司法管辖区，从无缝的大规模采购中获益。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[10]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2. 针对第二级区域，每个实体每年购买低于 1700 个高级 GPU 的芯片订单不需要许可证，也不计入这些国家和地区芯片采购上限：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 191, "txt": "2. 针对第二级区域，每个实体每年购买低于 1700 个高级 GPU 的芯片订单不需要许可证，也不计入这些国家和地区芯片采购上限", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[11]/strong"}, {"position_id": 193, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[11]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "绝大多数芯片订单都属于这一类别，特别是那些由大学、医疗机构和研究组织出于明确无害目的而下的订单。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 194, "txt": "绝大多数芯片订单都属于这一类别，特别是那些由大学、医疗机构和研究组织出于明确无害目的而下的订单。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[11]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3. 符合高安全和信任标准、总部位于密切盟友和伙伴国家的实体可以获得“通用验证终端用户”（UVEU）资格：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 196, "txt": "3. 符合高安全和信任标准、总部位于密切盟友和伙伴国家的实体可以获得“通用验证终端用户”（UVEU）资格", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[12]/strong"}, {"position_id": 198, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[12]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "持有该资格的实体可将全球人工智能计算能力的最多7%部署在全球其他国家，可能相当于数十万块芯片。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 199, "txt": "持有该资格的实体可将全球人工智能计算能力的最多7%部署在全球其他国家，可能相当于数十万块芯片。", "x": 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"global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "该资格允许相关实体在未来两年内购买相当于最多32万块先进GPU的计算能力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 205, "txt": "该资格允许相关实体在未来两年内购买相当于最多32万块先进GPU的计算能力。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[13]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一条款使受信任的国家实体能够受益于美国的先进技术，为本地、政府及区域客户提供服务，同时防范转移风险。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 206, "txt": "这一条款使受信任的国家实体能够受益于美国的先进技术，为本地、政府及区域客户提供服务，同时防范转移风险。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[13]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "5. 位于密切盟友之外的非VEU实体仍可购买大批量计算能力，每个国家/地区上限为相当于5万块先进GPU。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 208, "txt": "5. 位于密切盟友之外的非VEU实体仍可购买大批量计算能力", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[14]/strong"}, {"position_id": 210, "txt": "，每个国家/地区上限为相当于5万块先进GPU。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[14]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一限制确保美国技术能够服务于外国政府、医疗服务提供者和其他本地企业。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 211, "txt": "这一限制确保美国技术能够服务于外国政府、医疗服务提供者和其他本地企业。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[14]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "6. 政府间协议：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 213, "txt": "6. 政府间协议", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[15]/strong"}, {"position_id": 215, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[15]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国政府还对第二级国家和地区政府安排和培养了一个关于人工智能开发、部署和使用的共享价值的国际生态系统。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 216, "txt": "美国政府还对第二级国家和地区政府安排和培养了一个关于人工智能开发、部署和使用的共享价值的国际生态系统。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[15]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "签署这些协议的政府，将其出口管制、清洁能源和技术安全努力与美国对齐，就可以将其从美国进口的芯片上限翻倍（最高可达10万块先进GPU）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 217, "txt": "签署这些协议的政府，将其出口管制、清洁能源和技术安全努力与美国对齐，就可以将其从美国进口的芯片上限翻倍（最高可达10万块先进GPU）。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[15]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尽管美国最新的AI出口管制规则鼓励美国技术在第一级和第二级国家/地区传播，但该规则对受关注的国家和地区（第三级国家和地区）采取了重要限制措施，以防止它们获得先进的人工智能系统及用于训练这些系统的计算能力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 219, "txt": "尽管美国最新的AI出口管制规则鼓励美国技术在第一级和第二级国家/地区传播，但该规则对受关注的国家和地区（第三级国家和地区）采取了重要限制措施，以防止它们获得先进的人工智能系统及用于训练这些系统的计算能力。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[16]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些限制措施包括：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 220, "txt": "这些限制措施包括：", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[16]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "持续确保在海外销售的先进半导体不会被“受关注国家”（包括中国等第三级相关国家和地区）用于训练先进的人工智能系统，但允许其用于从电信到银行的通用用途。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 222, "txt": "持续确保在海外销售的先进半导体不会被“受关注国家”（包括中国等第三级相关国家和地区）用于训练先进的人工智能系统，但允许其用于从电信到银行的通用用途。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/ul/li[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "限制向非信任实体转让高级闭源大模型（advanced closed-weight models）的模型权重。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 224, "txt": "限制向非信任实体转让高级闭源大模型（advanced closed-weight models）的模型权重。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/ul/li[2]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但该规则不会以任何方式限制发布开源大模型的模型权重。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 225, "txt": "但该规则不会以任何方式限制发布开源大模型的模型权重。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/ul/li[2]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "制定安全标准保护高级闭源权重人工智能模型，允许其在全球范围内安全存储和使用，同时防止敌对方非法获取。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 227, "txt": "制定安全标准保护高级闭源权重人工智能模型，允许其在全球范围内安全存储和使用，同时防止敌对方非法获取。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/ul/li[3]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中方回应", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 229, "txt": "中方回应", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[17]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "中国商务部新闻发言人表示，中方注意到，美国政府于1月13日发布了人工智能相关出口管制措施。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 231, "txt": "中国商务部新闻发言人表示，中方注意到，美国政府于1月13日发布了人工智能相关出口管制措施。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "该措施进一步加严对人工智能芯片、模型参数等出口管制，还拓展了长臂管辖，对第三方与中国开展正常贸易设置障碍、横加干涉。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 232, "txt": "该措施进一步加严对人工智能芯片、模型参数等出口管制，还拓展了长臂管辖，对第三方与中国开展正常贸易设置障碍、横加干涉。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中方对此坚决反对。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 233, "txt": "中方对此坚决反对。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此前，美国高科技企业、行业组织等通过多种渠道表达不满和担忧，认为该措施未经充分讨论、制定出台草率，是对人工智能领域的过度监管，将产生重大不利后果，强烈呼吁美国政府停止出台。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 235, "txt": "此前，美国高科技企业、行业组织等通过多种渠道表达不满和担忧，认为该措施未经充分讨论、制定出台草率，是对人工智能领域的过度监管，将产生重大不利后果，强烈呼吁美国政府停止出台。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但美国政府对业界合理呼声充耳不闻，执意仓促出台措施，是泛化国家安全概念、滥用出口管制的又一例证，是对国际多边经贸规则的公然违背。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 236, "txt": 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"content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“在美国现任政府卸任前几天，匆忙出台如此会带来大规模影响的政策，且没有得到行业的任何有意义的意见，我们对此深感失望。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 261, "txt": "“在美国现任政府卸任前几天，匆忙出台如此会带来大规模影响的政策，且没有得到行业的任何有意义的意见，我们对此深感失望。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这将对美国经济和半导体以及AI的全球竞争力造成意想不到的持久损害。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 262, "txt": "这将对美国经济和半导体以及AI的全球竞争力造成意想不到的持久损害。”", "x": "/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/article/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "华盛顿专门研究中美经济和技术竞争的分析师Ray Wang也表示，该框架可能会削弱英伟达、 AMD等美国 AI 芯片公司的市场潜力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 264, "txt": "华盛顿专门研究中美经济和技术竞争的分析师Ray Wang也表示，该框架可能会削弱英伟达、 AMD等美国 AI 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["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek本土开源大模型在数字政府建设中的应用展望与挑战分析", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 515, "txt": "DeepSeek本土开源大模型", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[3]/span/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 517, "txt": "在数字政府建设中的应用展望与挑战分析", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[3]/span/strong/span/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "张宏　复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院博士研究生，数字与移动治理实验室研究助理", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 519, "txt": "张宏", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[4]/span[1]/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 521, "txt": "　复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院博士研究生，数字与移动治理实验室研究助理", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[4]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "郑磊　复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院教授，博士生导师，数字与移动治理实验室主任", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 523, "txt": "郑磊", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[5]/span[1]/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 525, "txt": "　复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院教授，博士生导师，数字与移动治理实验室主任", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[5]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "自掀起大语言模型浪潮以来，国内外已涌现出多款AI工具，但这些大模型由于在成本、本土化、安全性等方面的不足，在我国数字政府中的实际应用仍然有限，尚处于探索阶段。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 527, "txt": "自掀起大语言模型浪潮以来，国内外已涌现出多款AI工具，但这些大模型由于在成本、本土化、安全性等方面的不足，在我国数字政府中的实际应用仍然有限，尚处于探索阶段。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而近期备受关注的DeepSeek系列模型则因其在工程技术上的创新，为数字政府建设提供了新的技术选择，并可能进一步促进公共治理模式的深层变革。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 528, "txt": "而近期备受关注的DeepSeek系列模型则因其在工程技术上的创新，为数字政府建设提供了新的技术选择，并可能进一步促进公共治理模式的深层变革。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以DeepSeek为代表的本土开源大模型在技术特性上契合了当前我国数字政府建设的哪些需求？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 529, "txt": "以DeepSeek为代表的本土开源大模型在技术特性上契合了当前我国数字政府建设的哪些需求？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "带来了哪些机遇？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 530, "txt": "带来了哪些机遇？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "具有哪些潜在应用场景，有望为公共治理带来哪些方面的变革？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 531, "txt": "具有哪些潜在应用场景，有望为公共治理带来哪些方面的变革？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“深度探索”能否真正“深度嵌入”公共治理，而不只是趁热“接入”，又可能遇到哪些方面的风险与挑战？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 532, "txt": "“深度探索”能否真正“深度嵌入”公共治理，而不只是趁热“接入”，又可能遇到哪些方面的风险与挑战？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "下文将就这些问题进行展望与探讨。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 533, "txt": "下文将就这些问题进行展望与探讨。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一、DeepSeek的技术特性与我国数字政府建设需求的契合", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 535, "txt": "一、DeepSeek的技术特性与我国数字政府建设需求的契合", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[7]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "（一）低成本实现", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 537, "txt": "（一）低成本实现", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[8]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随着数字政府建设的深入推进，如何在有限的财政经费约束下实现智能化升级，已成为各级政府面临的重要命题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 539, "txt": "随着数字政府建设的深入推进，如何在有限的财政经费约束下实现智能化升级，已成为各级政府面临的重要命题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek模型在工程技术路线上的创新为解决这一难题提供了新的可能。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 540, "txt": "DeepSeek模型在工程技术路线上的创新为解决这一难题提供了新的可能。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "该模型采用了多层次注意力机制（Multi-Level Attention, MLA）和混合专家系统（Mixture of Experts, MoE）[1]，显著降低了计算资源需求，使得模型训练和部署的硬件门槛大幅降低。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 541, "txt": "该模型采用了多层次注意力机制（Multi-Level Attention, MLA）和混合专家系统（Mixture of Experts, MoE）[1]，显著降低了计算资源需求，使得模型训练和部署的硬件门槛大幅降低。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种技术路线使其在保持高性能的同时，相对于传统大模型将算力成本控制在较低水平，使政府部门可用更经济的预算完成智能化升级，从而突破此前因高昂的技术成本造成的瓶颈。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 542, "txt": "这种技术路线使其在保持高性能的同时，相对于传统大模型将算力成本控制在较低水平，使政府部门可用更经济的预算完成智能化升级，从而突破此前因高昂的技术成本造成的瓶颈。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，模型的开源特性又进一步降低了其使用成本，使得各级政府部门可以根据实际需求与外部技术团队合作对模型进行适应性调整和二次开发，提高了资源的使用效率。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 543, "txt": "同时，模型的开源特性又进一步降低了其使用成本，使得各级政府部门可以根据实际需求与外部技术团队合作对模型进行适应性调整和二次开发，提高了资源的使用效率。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "（二）本土化理解", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 545, "txt": "（二）本土化理解", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[10]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在数字政府建设过程中，场景的智能化水平很大程度上取决于模型对本土化语境的理解深度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 547, "txt": "在数字政府建设过程中，场景的智能化水平很大程度上取决于模型对本土化语境的理解深度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek模型在中文场景下展现出了较为卓越的理解和推理能力，进一步通过利用中国特有的政务语料进行训练，将有助于模型更准确地理解各类行政术语、政策文件和民众诉求中蕴含的细微语义差异。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 548, "txt": "DeepSeek模型在中文场景下展现出了较为卓越的理解和推理能力，进一步通过利用中国特有的政务语料进行训练，将有助于模型更准确地理解各类行政术语、政策文件和民众诉求中蕴含的细微语义差异。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种深度的本土化理解能力能使其在公共治理场景中，表现出更强的精准性和适应性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 549, "txt": "这种深度的本土化理解能力能使其在公共治理场景中，表现出更强的精准性和适应性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "例如，在政策解读方面，模型有助于更精准地把握政策文本的内在逻辑关系，并结合本土治理情境作出恰当的推理判断；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 550, "txt": "例如，在政策解读方面，模型有助于更精准地把握政策文本的内在逻辑关系，并结合本土治理情境作出恰当的推理判断；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在民意分析任务中，有助于更准确地理解各种方言表达甚至网络用语，提高服务准确度；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 551, "txt": "在民意分析任务中，有助于更准确地理解各种方言表达甚至网络用语，提高服务准确度；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在政务咨询场景中，也有助于根据不同群体的表达习惯给出更有针对性的回应。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 552, "txt": "在政务咨询场景中，也有助于根据不同群体的表达习惯给出更有针对性的回应。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种本土化的语言理解能力有望提升我国数字政府建设的智能化水平，打造“有温度”“接地气”的数字政府。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 553, "txt": "这种本土化的语言理解能力有望提升我国数字政府建设的智能化水平，打造“有温度”“接地气”的数字政府。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "（三）本地化部署", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 555, "txt": "（三）本地化部署", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[12]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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[{"position_id": 616, "txt": "尽管大模型已在多个领域展示出强大的能力，但也容易因用力过猛造成附带伤害。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[26]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "例如，大模型可能存在算法偏见，其训练数据中隐含的社会偏见也可能被系统性地放大，导致对特定群体的不公平对待。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 617, "txt": "例如，大模型可能存在算法偏见，其训练数据中隐含的社会偏见也可能被系统性地放大，导致对特定群体的不公平对待。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[26]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "还可能因违规或过度收集和使用数据语料，影响国家安全，侵犯公民隐私。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 618, "txt": "还可能因违规或过度收集和使用数据语料，影响国家安全，侵犯公民隐私。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[26]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，把握好大模型应用的“尺度”[6]至关重要，否则，即便AI技术使效率得到了巨大提升，却会对公平正义、普惠包容、安全隐私等公共价值和社会伦理造成严重损害。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 619, "txt": "因此，把握好大模型应用的“尺度”[6]至关重要，否则，即便AI技术使效率得到了巨大提升，却会对公平正义、普惠包容、安全隐私等公共价值和社会伦理造成严重损害。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[26]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "总之，技术是“赋能者”而不是“决定者”，技术上可能的不一定就是组织上可行的，更不一定是社会上可接受的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 621, "txt": "总之，技术是“赋能者”而不是“决定者”，技术上可能的不一定就是组织上可行的，更不一定是社会上可接受的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[27]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[6]要在数字政府建设中让大模型从趁热“接入”走向深度“嵌入”，并实现各方可接受的治理成效，不仅要做好技术判断，更要做好价值判断，采取系统而冷静的策略。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 622, "txt": 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"position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 633, "txt": "形态跃升与挑战应对", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[31]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "张会平　电子科技大学公共管理学院教授，博士生导师", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 635, "txt": "张会平", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[32]/span[1]/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 637, "txt": "　电子科技大学公共管理学院教授，博士生导师", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[32]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "一、DeepSeek引致治理智能化加速的原因", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 639, "txt": "一、DeepSeek引致治理智能化加速的原因", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[34]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在DeepSeek受到全球关注并获得广泛认可后，不少地方已要求公务员学习应用DeepSeek，一些地方将政务系统接入了DeepSeek甚至进行了私有化部署，公务员的自发使用也在日益增加。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 641, "txt": "在DeepSeek受到全球关注并获得广泛认可后，不少地方已要求公务员学习应用DeepSeek，一些地方将政务系统接入了DeepSeek甚至进行了私有化部署，公务员的自发使用也在日益增加。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[35]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "政府对DeepSeek的广泛运用势必加速治理的智能化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 642, "txt": "政府对DeepSeek的广泛运用势必加速治理的智能化。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[35]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek之所以促成这一加速局面，其原因包括：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 643, "txt": "DeepSeek之所以促成这一加速局面，其原因包括：", "x": 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"edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "当前，DeepSeek的崛起已经引发全世界的关注。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 750, "txt": "当前，DeepSeek的崛起已经引发全世界的关注。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[63]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 102, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "根据测评机构Artificial Analysis的独立分析，DeepSeek-V3可与当前世界顶尖的AI模型竞争。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 751, "txt": "根据测评机构Artificial Analysis的独立分析，DeepSeek-V3可与当前世界顶尖的AI模型竞争。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[63]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 102, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[1]有学者认为，“DeepSeek的突破主要体现在模型和算法创新、软硬件协同优化及整体训练效率的提升”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 752, "txt": "[1]有学者认为，“DeepSeek的突破主要体现在模型和算法创新、软硬件协同优化及整体训练效率的提升”。", "x": 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"/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[73]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 233, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2024年11月23日，上海市人民政府办公厅印发《上海市发展医学人工智能工作方案（2025—2027年）》，明确提出“促进多方算力互联互通，强化智能算力集群建设”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 799, "txt": "2024年11月23日，上海市人民政府办公厅印发《上海市发展医学人工智能工作方案（2025—2027年）》，明确提出“促进多方算力互联互通，强化智能算力集群建设”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[73]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 234, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 800, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[73]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 235, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2025年1月3日，全球首个光电融合确定性新型算网基础设施在中国开通。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 801, "txt": "2025年1月3日，全球首个光电融合确定性新型算网基础设施在中国开通。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[73]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 236, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "根据记者报道：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 802, "txt": "根据记者报道：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[73]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 237, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“仅需3.8毫秒，安徽宿州一家企业人工智能大模型的训练数据，便可以从宿州抵达江苏南京，再经过12毫秒，算力调度平台即可将它们送达1300多公里外的甘肃庆阳。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 803, "txt": "“仅需3.8毫秒，安徽宿州一家企业人工智能大模型的训练数据，便可以从宿州抵达江苏南京，再经过12毫秒，算力调度平台即可将它们送达1300多公里外的甘肃庆阳。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[73]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 238, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在这个过程中，这些‘远道而来’的数据的训练效率，相当于同一个智算中心内训练数据的95%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 804, "txt": "在这个过程中，这些‘远道而来’的数据的训练效率，相当于同一个智算中心内训练数据的95%。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[73]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有了南京和庆阳两处算力中心的协助，这家企业的‘算力荒’得到缓解”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 805, "txt": "有了南京和庆阳两处算力中心的协助，这家企业的‘算力荒’得到缓解”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[73]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 240, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[4]从目前情况看，算力共享能够有效缓解中小人工智能企业的算力瓶颈，提升现有的算力使用效率。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 806, "txt": "[4]从目前情况看，算力共享能够有效缓解中小人工智能企业的算力瓶颈，提升现有的算力使用效率。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[73]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 241, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "下一步，要更大范围实现更有效率的算力共享，要在以下几个方面完善算力共享的法律机制，实现法治创新：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 807, "txt": "下一步，要更大范围实现更有效率的算力共享，要在以下几个方面完善算力共享的法律机制，实现法治创新：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[73]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 242, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第一，要明确算力的权利属性，进一步完善算力财产权相关法律机制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 809, "txt": "第一，要明确算力的权利属性，进一步完善算力财产权相关法律机制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[74]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 113, "global_sentence_id": 243, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于稀缺资源，提升其利用效率的一个重要方法是对其予以权利化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 810, "txt": "对于稀缺资源，提升其利用效率的一个重要方法是对其予以权利化。", "x": 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"要明确算力的权利属性，要把算力资源也视为一项财产，要探索以算力这项财产为标的算力产权制度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[74]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 113, "global_sentence_id": 247, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在这方面，一些地区已经走在前列。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 814, "txt": "在这方面，一些地区已经走在前列。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[74]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 113, "global_sentence_id": 248, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如，贵州省大数据发展管理局出台《贵州算力券管理办法》，将算力这项财产“证券化”，创设了“算力券”，这有利于明确算力的权利属性，便于进行算力交易。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 815, "txt": "比如，贵州省大数据发展管理局出台《贵州算力券管理办法》，将算力这项财产“证券化”，创设了“算力券”，这有利于明确算力的权利属性，便于进行算力交易。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[74]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 113, "global_sentence_id": 249, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二，要进一步完善算力交易的法律机制。", 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"从DeepSeek崛起事件看，突破性创新很有可能由跨行业中小企业实现。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[76]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 115, "global_sentence_id": 258, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，要想提升中国人工智能的创新水平，就要完善公共算力资源共享使用法律机制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 827, "txt": "因此，要想提升中国人工智能的创新水平，就要完善公共算力资源共享使用法律机制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[76]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 115, "global_sentence_id": 259, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "国家应当像看待公共图书馆、公共教育一样看待公共算力资源，要通过立法为公共算力资源共享提供法律依据，并明确规定公共算力资源有偿使用和平价供给的范围和条件，明确各方权利义务，避免在全社会出现“算力鸿沟”，同时也为全社会利用公共算力资源进行创新创业提供便利。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 828, "txt": "国家应当像看待公共图书馆、公共教育一样看待公共算力资源，要通过立法为公共算力资源共享提供法律依据，并明确规定公共算力资源有偿使用和平价供给的范围和条件，明确各方权利义务，避免在全社会出现“算力鸿沟”，同时也为全社会利用公共算力资源进行创新创业提供便利。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[76]/span"}]}, "tags": 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"一段时间以来，我国对于数据跨境流动比较警惕，这是由于当时我国缺少全世界有影响力的数字经济企业，数据跨境流动更多表现为中国数据向海外企业数据库流动。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[79]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 266, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随着中国本土数字经济企业和人工智能企业的崛起，越来越多的中国企业也需要从境外获取大量数据，或者将数据或智能算力中心设在境外，需要在境外处理中国国内相关数据。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 838, "txt": "随着中国本土数字经济企业和人工智能企业的崛起，越来越多的中国企业也需要从境外获取大量数据，或者将数据或智能算力中心设在境外，需要在境外处理中国国内相关数据。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[79]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 267, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如，一些中国企业建立将算力中心设在海外，在这种情形下海外的中国算力中心就要处理大量境内数据，对此不能将其和一般意义的中国数据向海外跨境传输同等对待。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 839, "txt": "比如，一些中国企业建立将算力中心设在海外，在这种情形下海外的中国算力中心就要处理大量境内数据，对此不能将其和一般意义的中国数据向海外跨境传输同等对待。", "x": 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"比如，我国各类专业期刊和报纸大多均为财政支持的公立机构主管主办，这些资源严格意义上都属于公共数据范畴，应当在满足一定条件的基础上向全社会开放，而不应成为少数企业获取高额利润的“独家资源”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[80]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 119, "global_sentence_id": 273, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第三，完善数据共享的激励机制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 847, "txt": "第三，完善数据共享的激励机制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[81]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 120, "global_sentence_id": 274, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当前，海量数据掌握在数字经济企业手中，因此大型数字经济企业在发展人工智能技术方面拥有天然优势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 848, "txt": "当前，海量数据掌握在数字经济企业手中，因此大型数字经济企业在发展人工智能技术方面拥有天然优势。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[81]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 120, "global_sentence_id": 275, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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"同时，还有海量数据掌握在其他各类企业手中，这些企业单凭一己之力无力进行人工智能技术研发，但也应当鼓励其加入数据共享机制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[81]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 120, "global_sentence_id": 278, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "为此，就要完善数据共享的激励机制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 852, "txt": "为此，就要完善数据共享的激励机制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[81]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 120, "global_sentence_id": 279, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当前，一些地方已经开展“数据换算力”的实践。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 853, "txt": "当前，一些地方已经开展“数据换算力”的实践。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[81]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 120, "global_sentence_id": 280, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "下一步，要在依法促进数据共享的激励机制方面下功夫，尤其是促进数字经济企业与人工智能技术企业进行数据共享、促进传统企业相关数据资源的电子化和共享化。", "language": "chinese", "position": 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"txt": "作为一款新兴的大模型算法产品，DeepSeek开启了一场弯道超车式的效率革命，有可能重塑全球人工智能产业格局乃至打破大国间科技竞争态势。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[88]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 126, "global_sentence_id": 289, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在全球科技与产业界热议这场多重技术路线选择与竞争所带来的惊艳突破时，来自治理界对技术治理复杂性、引致的算法社会影响，以及潜在治理思路的讨论也将相伴相生。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 871, "txt": "在全球科技与产业界热议这场多重技术路线选择与竞争所带来的惊艳突破时，来自治理界对技术治理复杂性、引致的算法社会影响，以及潜在治理思路的讨论也将相伴相生。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[88]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 126, "global_sentence_id": 290, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，在尚未能充分认知和解决大模型时代的算法与数据治理问题的当下，深度推理可能表现出的新技术风险又进一步推动各国不得不开始面对“动荡中的治理”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 872, "txt": "然而，在尚未能充分认知和解决大模型时代的算法与数据治理问题的当下，深度推理可能表现出的新技术风险又进一步推动各国不得不开始面对“动荡中的治理”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[88]/span"}]}, 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"DeepSeekR1的出现再次印证了技术路线选择的不确定性是人类进入科技产业高速发展中频繁面临的情况。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[90]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 128, "global_sentence_id": 294, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，DeepSeek冲击的不仅仅是AI产业技术路线和应用生态，其同样增添了当前人工智能技术治理的复杂性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 878, "txt": "然而，DeepSeek冲击的不仅仅是AI产业技术路线和应用生态，其同样增添了当前人工智能技术治理的复杂性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[90]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 128, "global_sentence_id": 295, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "自中、美、欧等国家或地区纷纷开启人工智能治理后，国际社会逐步认识到人工智能作为一类通用技术的全球风险，于2023年开启了人工智能国际治理新阶段[1-2]。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 879, "txt": "自中、美、欧等国家或地区纷纷开启人工智能治理后，国际社会逐步认识到人工智能作为一类通用技术的全球风险，于2023年开启了人工智能国际治理新阶段[1-2]。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[90]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 128, 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "全社会的技术应用与普及学习拉开了算法社会影响的真正序幕，而行业龙头、政府高校掀起全面部署和接入DeepSeek的热潮预示着人工智能在经济社会系统中的应用迸发。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 899, "txt": "全社会的技术应用与普及学习拉开了算法社会影响的真正序幕，而行业龙头、政府高校掀起全面部署和接入DeepSeek的热潮预示着人工智能在经济社会系统中的应用迸发。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[94]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 132, "global_sentence_id": 312, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "相对技术治理的复杂性，推理模型的深度应用对经济社会治理的挑战将是全方位的，而相关的治理问题也会通过转移和泛化的方式触及到传统议题的治理当中。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 900, "txt": "相对技术治理的复杂性，推理模型的深度应用对经济社会治理的挑战将是全方位的，而相关的治理问题也会通过转移和泛化的方式触及到传统议题的治理当中。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[94]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 132, "global_sentence_id": 313, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第一，国家治理形态的转变。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 902, "txt": "第一，国家治理形态的转变。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[95]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 314, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当前的DeepSeek R1已牢牢抓住了政府注意力，而其带来的应用影响或将驱动国家治理形态发生悄然的转变。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 903, "txt": "当前的DeepSeek R1已牢牢抓住了政府注意力，而其带来的应用影响或将驱动国家治理形态发生悄然的转变。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[95]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 315, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "事实上，大模型在行政管理中的应用影响，不单触及任务替代与效率提升，基层官僚的结构性失业等行政负担和人力资源管理的经典理论问题，其更是给行政体系运作带来了一大困惑：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 904, "txt": "事实上，大模型在行政管理中的应用影响，不单触及任务替代与效率提升，基层官僚的结构性失业等行政负担和人力资源管理的经典理论问题，其更是给行政体系运作带来了一大困惑：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[95]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 316, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "未来如何开展绩效考核，调动公务员的公共服务动机？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 905, "txt": "未来如何开展绩效考核，调动公务员的公共服务动机？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[95]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 317, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这挑战了传统公共行政中的绩效管理理论。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 906, "txt": "这挑战了传统公共行政中的绩效管理理论。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[95]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 318, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "与官僚体系受到的冲击相比，公共决策面临的影响更大。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 907, "txt": "与官僚体系受到的冲击相比，公共决策面临的影响更大。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[95]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 319, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "无论是Open AI发布Deep Research可在金融、政策等领域开展深度报告撰写，抑或是xAI发布的Deep Search所展现的规划分析功能，智慧决策辅助系统将颠覆政策科学的学科范式：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 908, "txt": "无论是Open AI发布Deep Research可在金融、政策等领域开展深度报告撰写，抑或是xAI发布的Deep Search所展现的规划分析功能，智慧决策辅助系统将颠覆政策科学的学科范式：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[95]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 320, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "未来政策分析师的培养和相关学位教育是否需要，以及如何开展？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 909, "txt": "未来政策分析师的培养和相关学位教育是否需要，以及如何开展？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[95]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 321, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "更进一步，随着深度推理的出现，公众需求的智能化处理与深度归纳将重塑政府政策议程的启动方式，并优化部门职业分工，破解专业化和协同治理间的难题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 910, "txt": "更进一步，随着深度推理的出现，公众需求的智能化处理与深度归纳将重塑政府政策议程的启动方式，并优化部门职业分工，破解专业化和协同治理间的难题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[95]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 322, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "例如，当政务热线接入智能分析产品后，政府的政策回应将会站在技术理性的基石上展现足够的敏捷性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 911, "txt": "例如，当政务热线接入智能分析产品后，政府的政策回应将会站在技术理性的基石上展现足够的敏捷性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[95]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 323, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二，社会领域多维的挑战。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 913, "txt": "第二，社会领域多维的挑战。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[96]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 324, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "社会大范围的尝试应用对于培养公众科技素养具有较重要的意义，但应警惕过度的“有组织关注”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 914, "txt": "社会大范围的尝试应用对于培养公众科技素养具有较重要的意义，但应警惕过度的“有组织关注”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[96]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 325, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "据悉，发达地区的一些学校已开始教授小学生学习和认知DeepSeek，并尝试辅助作文写作。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 915, "txt": "据悉，发达地区的一些学校已开始教授小学生学习和认知DeepSeek，并尝试辅助作文写作。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[96]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 326, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这对认知与推理能力均不具备基本雏形的中小学生而言，在何种程度上可以使用，以及其使用带来的教育收益与风险究竟有多大，是当前需要快速了解和讨论的问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 916, "txt": "这对认知与推理能力均不具备基本雏形的中小学生而言，在何种程度上可以使用，以及其使用带来的教育收益与风险究竟有多大，是当前需要快速了解和讨论的问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[96]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 327, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "换言之，在人类没有充分认知深度推理对个体主动思考能力的影响机制之前，我们应该对推理能力尚未建构且在成长中的人群使用持有一定的警惕。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 917, "txt": "换言之，在人类没有充分认知深度推理对个体主动思考能力的影响机制之前，我们应该对推理能力尚未建构且在成长中的人群使用持有一定的警惕。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[96]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 328, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "诚然，任何技术的大范围社会应用都是势不可挡的，但我们应理性且有计划地尽早开展相关的治理风险讨论与识别，构筑风险框架。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 918, "txt": "诚然，任何技术的大范围社会应用都是势不可挡的，但我们应理性且有计划地尽早开展相关的治理风险讨论与识别，构筑风险框架。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[96]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 329, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "除了对教育系统的颠覆外，AI for Science的影响会受益于推理模型的赋能自不必言说，而AI for Social Science会通过更加多维度、多模态地挖掘复杂知识之间的隐性关联，重塑社会科学研究新范式，如创造新的理论与研究方法，增进对社会的动态化和多样化理解，以及更有效预测社会问题，等等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 919, "txt": "除了对教育系统的颠覆外，AI for Science的影响会受益于推理模型的赋能自不必言说，而AI for Social Science会通过更加多维度、多模态地挖掘复杂知识之间的隐性关联，重塑社会科学研究新范式，如创造新的理论与研究方法，增进对社会的动态化和多样化理解，以及更有效预测社会问题，等等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[96]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 330, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，深度分析应用会强化人机交互频率并增强黏性的同时，也会阻碍人类的社会性交流。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 920, "txt": "此外，深度分析应用会强化人机交互频率并增强黏性的同时，也会阻碍人类的社会性交流。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[96]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 331, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如同互联网时代带来的影响一般，人类加速远离社会生活的趋势也增添了社会治理的挑战。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 921, "txt": "如同互联网时代带来的影响一般，人类加速远离社会生活的趋势也增添了社会治理的挑战。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[96]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 332, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第三，经济系统的驱动转化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 923, "txt": "第三，经济系统的驱动转化。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[97]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 333, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek RI对人工智能产业格局的影响是巨大的，既挑战了闭源大模型的垄断地位，也催生了新的垂类模型生态，还令云算力和基础设施厂商受益于强大的开源与小成本所带来的用户流和算力需求。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 924, "txt": "DeepSeek RI对人工智能产业格局的影响是巨大的，既挑战了闭源大模型的垄断地位，也催生了新的垂类模型生态，还令云算力和基础设施厂商受益于强大的开源与小成本所带来的用户流和算力需求。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[97]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 334, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "全球人工智能产业的布局也将重塑，不具备模型开发能力的国家也会从开源中获益。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 925, "txt": "全球人工智能产业的布局也将重塑，不具备模型开发能力的国家也会从开源中获益。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[97]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 335, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，经济系统更为关心的话题是：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 926, "txt": "然而，经济系统更为关心的话题是：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[97]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 336, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek引致的新一轮产业动态究竟能在多大程度上可推动实体经济增长？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 927, "txt": "DeepSeek引致的新一轮产业动态究竟能在多大程度上可推动实体经济增长？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[97]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 337, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek对工业界的赋能进程是否得以加速？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 928, "txt": "DeepSeek对工业界的赋能进程是否得以加速？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[97]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 338, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "人工智能对劳动力的替代和企业的赋能，是否能从根本上带来生产率的提升和经济系统的效率革命？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 929, "txt": "人工智能对劳动力的替代和企业的赋能，是否能从根本上带来生产率的提升和经济系统的效率革命？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[97]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 339, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，结构性失业是不可避免的且进程将会日益加速。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 930, "txt": "此外，结构性失业是不可避免的且进程将会日益加速。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[97]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 340, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "即便在人工智能产业内部，我们也快速观察到新兴的职业如垂类模型设计供应商（如宣传文案自动化写作、政务问答模型）、职业标注者等就在这一轮的深度推理模型中被快速替代。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 931, "txt": "即便在人工智能产业内部，我们也快速观察到新兴的职业如垂类模型设计供应商（如宣传文案自动化写作、政务问答模型）、职业标注者等就在这一轮的深度推理模型中被快速替代。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[97]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 341, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在面对职业的替代速度和消亡速度加剧时，经济系统该如何增强其韧性和提升经济政策有效性是亟待思考的问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 932, "txt": "在面对职业的替代速度和消亡速度加剧时，经济系统该如何增强其韧性和提升经济政策有效性是亟待思考的问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[97]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 342, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "三、如何应对当期的多维变化", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 934, "txt": "三、如何应对当期的多维变化", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[98]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 136, "global_sentence_id": 343, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "面对DeepSeek带来技术与经济社会领域冲击，站在治理维度上，我们如何构筑解决之道，以应对多维的变化？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 936, "txt": "面对DeepSeek带来技术与经济社会领域冲击，站在治理维度上，我们如何构筑解决之道，以应对多维的变化？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[99]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 137, "global_sentence_id": 344, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第一，回归技术治理本身。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 938, "txt": "第一，回归技术治理本身。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[100]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 138, "global_sentence_id": 345, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek带来的治理复杂性和议题泛化不容忽略，但我们首要关注和解决的依然是技术风险本身。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 939, "txt": "DeepSeek带来的治理复杂性和议题泛化不容忽略，但我们首要关注和解决的依然是技术风险本身。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[100]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 138, "global_sentence_id": 346, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "任何对算法引致的经济社会影响的讨论都应建立在对技术的充分认知与了解的基础之上，否则会导致治理议题的界定困难和治理对象的不明确。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 940, "txt": "任何对算法引致的经济社会影响的讨论都应建立在对技术的充分认知与了解的基础之上，否则会导致治理议题的界定困难和治理对象的不明确。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[100]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 138, "global_sentence_id": 347, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "设定对技术治理讨论的范围边界，呼吁治理专家回归到对技术风险本身特征与规律的理解之上是极为重要的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 942, "txt": "设定对技术治理讨论的范围边界，呼吁治理专家回归到对技术风险本身特征与规律的理解之上是极为重要的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[101]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 139, "global_sentence_id": 348, 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{"txt": "增强政策制定者对技术特点、发展与演化趋势的理解，以及监管部门与产业界之间的高效对话和互动是一类老生常谈的改革举措，却又被验证为一种直接而有效的治理机制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 950, "txt": "增强政策制定者对技术特点、发展与演化趋势的理解，以及监管部门与产业界之间的高效对话和互动是一类老生常谈的改革举措，却又被验证为一种直接而有效的治理机制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[102]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 140, "global_sentence_id": 355, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我国监管部门在知识学习和治理实践方面都展现出惊人的学习与适应能力，被冠以“中国式敏捷官僚”之称，而监管部门与企业之间的高频互动也为多方共治构筑了一定的信任基础。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 951, "txt": "我国监管部门在知识学习和治理实践方面都展现出惊人的学习与适应能力，被冠以“中国式敏捷官僚”之称，而监管部门与企业之间的高频互动也为多方共治构筑了一定的信任基础。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[102]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 140, "global_sentence_id": 356, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在未来，我们应进一步探索和追踪上海、杭州等地治理模式的特征与效果，注重治理经验的传播与学习。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 952, "txt": "在未来，我们应进一步探索和追踪上海、杭州等地治理模式的特征与效果，注重治理经验的传播与学习。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[102]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 140, "global_sentence_id": 357, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "正如DeepSeekR1成果以论文形式的披露激发了技术人员强烈的研发热情，刺激了更多技术探索和试错一般，成功治理经验的传播，将有助于激发各类主体参与到对人工智能治理的讨论与探索之中。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 953, "txt": "正如DeepSeekR1成果以论文形式的披露激发了技术人员强烈的研发热情，刺激了更多技术探索和试错一般，成功治理经验的传播，将有助于激发各类主体参与到对人工智能治理的讨论与探索之中。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[102]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 140, "global_sentence_id": 358, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第三，寻找确定性与元问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 955, "txt": "第三，寻找确定性与元问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[103]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 141, "global_sentence_id": 359, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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[{"position_id": 973, "txt": "在DeepSeek之前，围绕人工智能是否应开源的争议日趋激烈，利益相关方在普遍关心开源能否促进人工智能发展的同时，也担心开源人工智能是否会导致风险的更快扩散并带来社会负外部性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[109]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 146, "global_sentence_id": 370, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在此背景下，DeepSeek是对开源大模型价值的强有力支持：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 974, "txt": "在此背景下，DeepSeek是对开源大模型价值的强有力支持：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[109]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 146, "global_sentence_id": 371, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "正是站在LLaMa、千问等开源大模型的基础上，DeepSeek通过更巧妙的工程设计挖掘了大模型的内在潜力，实现了性能上的超越。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 975, "txt": "正是站在LLaMa、千问等开源大模型的基础上，DeepSeek通过更巧妙的工程设计挖掘了大模型的内在潜力，实现了性能上的超越。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[109]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 146, "global_sentence_id": 372, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但另一方面，如果开源需要真正成为大模型的主导性发展模式，不可回避的另一重要问题仍然是开源大模型风险治理的改革，即我们能否创新开源治理机制以回应大模型开源后所可能引发的风险担忧？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 976, "txt": "但另一方面，如果开源需要真正成为大模型的主导性发展模式，不可回避的另一重要问题仍然是开源大模型风险治理的改革，即我们能否创新开源治理机制以回应大模型开源后所可能引发的风险担忧？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[109]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 146, "global_sentence_id": 373, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "本文即试图围绕此展开，以DeepSeek为例来讨论未来开源大模型的风险治理改革与创新。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 977, "txt": "本文即试图围绕此展开，以DeepSeek为例来讨论未来开源大模型的风险治理改革与创新。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[109]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 146, "global_sentence_id": 374, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一、DeepSeek开源模型风险：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 979, "txt": "一、DeepSeek开源模型风险：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[110]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 147, "global_sentence_id": 375, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "现有评估及无额外风险的结果", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 980, "txt": "现有评估及无额外风险的结果", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[110]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 147, "global_sentence_id": 376, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek开源模型的发布同时也引发了海外对其安全风险的关注和讨论，众多海外国家和组织针对DeepSeek开源模型进行了针对国家安全、数据安全、版权风险和安全漏洞等方面的安全影响评估并提出了治理措施或建议。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 982, "txt": "DeepSeek开源模型的发布同时也引发了海外对其安全风险的关注和讨论，众多海外国家和组织针对DeepSeek开源模型进行了针对国家安全、数据安全、版权风险和安全漏洞等方面的安全影响评估并提出了治理措施或建议。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[111]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 148, "global_sentence_id": 377, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "例如，美国云安全平台Wiz Research发现DeepSeek关联数据库存在泄露大量后端数据、操作细节等敏感信息的风险，该团队立即向DeepSeek披露了此问题，并提出人工智能公司应实施与公共云提供商和主要基础设施提供商同等的安全措施。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 983, "txt": "例如，美国云安全平台Wiz Research发现DeepSeek关联数据库存在泄露大量后端数据、操作细节等敏感信息的风险，该团队立即向DeepSeek披露了此问题，并提出人工智能公司应实施与公共云提供商和主要基础设施提供商同等的安全措施。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[111]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 148, "global_sentence_id": 378, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[1]人工智能安全平台Hiddenlayer对DeepSeek-R1的安全评测结论指出，该模型存在无法抵御简单越狱攻击、思想链(CoT)推理可能会导致信息泄露等安全漏洞，建议确保部署环境的可控性再使用该开源模型。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 984, "txt": "[1]人工智能安全平台Hiddenlayer对DeepSeek-R1的安全评测结论指出，该模型存在无法抵御简单越狱攻击、思想链(CoT)推理可能会导致信息泄露等安全漏洞，建议确保部署环境的可控性再使用该开源模型。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[111]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 148, "global_sentence_id": 379, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[2]", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 985, "txt": "[2]", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[111]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 148, "global_sentence_id": 380, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从评估结果来看，DeepSeek开源模型的风险主要集中在数据安全和安全（safety）漏洞两个方面。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 987, "txt": "从评估结果来看，DeepSeek开源模型的风险主要集中在数据安全和安全（safety）漏洞两个方面。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[112]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 149, "global_sentence_id": 381, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek开源模型带来的数据安全风险主要表现为敏感数据的攻击泄露（关联数据库泄露DeepSeek内部敏感信息且攻击者易访问）以及思维链数据泄露（CoT推理引入中间步骤可能会无意泄露敏感信息、内部逻辑以及模型训练中使用的专有数据等）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 988, "txt": "DeepSeek开源模型带来的数据安全风险主要表现为敏感数据的攻击泄露（关联数据库泄露DeepSeek内部敏感信息且攻击者易访问）以及思维链数据泄露（CoT推理引入中间步骤可能会无意泄露敏感信息、内部逻辑以及模型训练中使用的专有数据等）。", "x": 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"DeepSeek开源模型存在的安全漏洞风险则包含网络安全、内容安全、偏见与歧视、代码安全、CBRN（化学、生物、放射和核能）安全等方面。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 992, "txt": "DeepSeek开源模型存在的安全漏洞风险则包含网络安全、内容安全、偏见与歧视、代码安全、CBRN（化学、生物、放射和核能）安全等方面。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[113]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 150, "global_sentence_id": 385, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "整体来看，排除评价标准差异化因素的影响，各国评估并未发现DeepSeek开源模型及其应用会造成额外的风险。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 993, "txt": "整体来看，排除评价标准差异化因素的影响，各国评估并未发现DeepSeek开源模型及其应用会造成额外的风险。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[113]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 150, "global_sentence_id": 386, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "换言之，DeepSeek作为大模型技术并未带来相比于其他大模型有更多风险；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 994, "txt": "换言之，DeepSeek作为大模型技术并未带来相比于其他大模型有更多风险；", "x": 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{"txt": "二、建立基于增量风险的开源模型风险治理机制", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 998, "txt": "二、建立基于增量风险的开源模型风险治理机制", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[114]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 151, "global_sentence_id": 390, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "开源模型带来了技术普及化和应用多样化，但价值与风险并存的特征对于如何判断开源模型的风险特点、采取何种平衡性的治理方案提出了挑战。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1000, "txt": "开源模型带来了技术普及化和应用多样化，但价值与风险并存的特征对于如何判断开源模型的风险特点、采取何种平衡性的治理方案提出了挑战。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[115]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 152, "global_sentence_id": 391, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "目前对模型开源的风险有两类判定标准，并相应形成了两类治理思路。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1001, "txt": "目前对模型开源的风险有两类判定标准，并相应形成了两类治理思路。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[115]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 152, "global_sentence_id": 392, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一类考虑开源模型的“全量风险”，采取“全域管控+开源特别豁免”的平衡机制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1002, "txt": "一类考虑开源模型的“全量风险”，采取“全域管控+开源特别豁免”的平衡机制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[115]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 152, "global_sentence_id": 393, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“全量风险”机制以欧盟《人工智能法案》为代表，以事前风险防范为核心，在统一的综合性立法中通过分类分级方式识别开源模型所有可能存在的风险，包括纳入暂时没有实际证据支撑但未来可能出现的感知风险，当出现足够证明不具有需要单独管制必要性的证据时再予以事后排除。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1003, "txt": "“全量风险”机制以欧盟《人工智能法案》为代表，以事前风险防范为核心，在统一的综合性立法中通过分类分级方式识别开源模型所有可能存在的风险，包括纳入暂时没有实际证据支撑但未来可能出现的感知风险，当出现足够证明不具有需要单独管制必要性的证据时再予以事后排除。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[115]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 152, "global_sentence_id": 394, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而考虑到开源软件对于有效促进技术创新的价值，欧盟针对开源模型进行单独定义并设置复杂的“开源豁免+豁免例外”规则机制，将开源模型完全纳入法律规制之后再进行有限度的利益平衡。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1004, "txt": "而考虑到开源软件对于有效促进技术创新的价值，欧盟针对开源模型进行单独定义并设置复杂的“开源豁免+豁免例外”规则机制，将开源模型完全纳入法律规制之后再进行有限度的利益平衡。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[115]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 152, "global_sentence_id": 395, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[3]", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1005, "txt": "[3]", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[115]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 152, "global_sentence_id": 396, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另一种治理思路是分析模型开源独有的“增量风险”，并采取有针对性的管控机制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1007, "txt": "另一种治理思路是分析模型开源独有的“增量风险”，并采取有针对性的管控机制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[116]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 153, "global_sentence_id": 397, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“增量风险”指与来自现有其他可比技术的风险相比，开源模型是否会产生新的独特风险，并因此要求被特殊监管。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1008, "txt": "“增量风险”指与来自现有其他可比技术的风险相比，开源模型是否会产生新的独特风险，并因此要求被特殊监管。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[116]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 153, "global_sentence_id": 398, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2024年7月底，美国国家电信和信息管理局（NTIA）发布报告，对于开源模型的“增量风险”的判断提供了与闭源模型、其他现有技术，以及与现有开源模型相比较的三个参考标准。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1009, "txt": "2024年7月底，美国国家电信和信息管理局（NTIA）发布报告，对于开源模型的“增量风险”的判断提供了与闭源模型、其他现有技术，以及与现有开源模型相比较的三个参考标准。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[116]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 153, "global_sentence_id": 399, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "换言之，只要与这些参考标准相比没有出现新风险，即不属于被纳入监管范畴的增量风险。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1010, "txt": "换言之，只要与这些参考标准相比没有出现新风险，即不属于被纳入监管范畴的增量风险。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[116]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 153, "global_sentence_id": 400, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[4]值得注意的是，上述标准将对开源模型“增量风险”的判定设置了较高评估门槛，而对于需要监管介入的增量风险判断则强调证据支撑和科学审慎。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1011, "txt": "[4]值得注意的是，上述标准将对开源模型“增量风险”的判定设置了较高评估门槛，而对于需要监管介入的增量风险判断则强调证据支撑和科学审慎。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[116]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 153, "global_sentence_id": 401, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在广泛调研各类开闭源模型并征求各方意见的基础上，NTIA认为现有研究和证据无法完全满足上述三个风险评估标准，即开源模型没有需要额外进行单独管制的“增量风险”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1012, "txt": "在广泛调研各类开闭源模型并征求各方意见的基础上，NTIA认为现有研究和证据无法完全满足上述三个风险评估标准，即开源模型没有需要额外进行单独管制的“增量风险”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[116]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 153, "global_sentence_id": 402, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比较“全量风险”和“增量风险”两种机制不难发现，以“增量风险”为核心的开源风险治理整体倾向于事中事后的风险管控，可通过调整风险阈值来实现开源模型自由普惠和安全治理的利益平衡，而具有严谨证据支持的比较过程也能够排除认知风险的不合理影响。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1014, "txt": "比较“全量风险”和“增量风险”两种机制不难发现，以“增量风险”为核心的开源风险治理整体倾向于事中事后的风险管控，可通过调整风险阈值来实现开源模型自由普惠和安全治理的利益平衡，而具有严谨证据支持的比较过程也能够排除认知风险的不合理影响。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[117]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 154, "global_sentence_id": 403, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "正因如此，本文认为基于“增量风险”的开源模型治理机制更能精确匹配模型开源的技术应用特征，有利于建立对于开源模型风险的客观认知，能够避免基于对未知风险的恐慌而采用非理性的过度规制，从而防止对开源模型的价值发挥产生不当的阻碍效应。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1015, "txt": "正因如此，本文认为基于“增量风险”的开源模型治理机制更能精确匹配模型开源的技术应用特征，有利于建立对于开源模型风险的客观认知，能够避免基于对未知风险的恐慌而采用非理性的过度规制，从而防止对开源模型的价值发挥产生不当的阻碍效应。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[117]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 154, "global_sentence_id": 404, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不过这并不代表“增量风险”管控机制就已能应对开源大模型风险治理的所有挑战，开源大模型所涉产业链条的复杂性使得“生态治理”可能是未来更需重视的改革理念和方向。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1016, "txt": "不过这并不代表“增量风险”管控机制就已能应对开源大模型风险治理的所有挑战，开源大模型所涉产业链条的复杂性使得“生态治理”可能是未来更需重视的改革理念和方向。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[117]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 154, "global_sentence_id": 405, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "三、构建大模型开源生态的协同治理体系", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1018, "txt": "三、构建大模型开源生态的协同治理体系", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[118]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 155, "global_sentence_id": 406, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "开源大模型的主要安全风险在于误用滥用，因此安全风险的治理应对必须要考虑模型开源后的利益相关方，从而引出了“生态治理”的改革理念。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1020, "txt": "开源大模型的主要安全风险在于误用滥用，因此安全风险的治理应对必须要考虑模型开源后的利益相关方，从而引出了“生态治理”的改革理念。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[119]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 156, "global_sentence_id": 407, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "大模型开源生态具有产业链条多样化、参与主体多元化的特点，各方风险的控制能力以及针对误用滥用的防范责任有所差异。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1021, "txt": "大模型开源生态具有产业链条多样化、参与主体多元化的特点，各方风险的控制能力以及针对误用滥用的防范责任有所差异。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[119]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 156, "global_sentence_id": 408, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "开源模型生态治理既不能完全放任，也不能仅将治理重心简单地聚焦于开源模型本身，而是要综合判断开源模型生态的结构对滥用误用风险的影响，采取合理的责任分担机制促进各方协同合作进行有效治理。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1022, "txt": "开源模型生态治理既不能完全放任，也不能仅将治理重心简单地聚焦于开源模型本身，而是要综合判断开源模型生态的结构对滥用误用风险的影响，采取合理的责任分担机制促进各方协同合作进行有效治理。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[119]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 156, "global_sentence_id": 409, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第一，应基于科学证据分析开源模型生态的风险扩散特征，根据开源模型生态链分工机制分析开源模型滥用误用风险的产生和传递过程，合理划定各类主体的责任边界。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1024, "txt": "第一，应基于科学证据分析开源模型生态的风险扩散特征，根据开源模型生态链分工机制分析开源模型滥用误用风险的产生和传递过程，合理划定各类主体的责任边界。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[120]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 157, "global_sentence_id": 410, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在近期发布的《双用途基础模型滥用风险管理指南（NIST AI 800-1）》中，美国NIST明确了开源模型的风险不能仅由模型研发方承担，模型应用生态中的直接参与方（包括云计算提供方、模型托管平台、下游模型使用部署及应用开发者、分发平台、三方评测审计方、用户公众等）以及间接参与方（学术机构、外部研究者和政府机构等）都需要根据自身角色承担相应的责任，通过多方合作协同的方式有效管控模型应用中的风险（参见US AISI官方发布：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1025, "txt": "在近期发布的《双用途基础模型滥用风险管理指南（NIST AI 800-1）》中，美国NIST明确了开源模型的风险不能仅由模型研发方承担，模型应用生态中的直接参与方（包括云计算提供方、模型托管平台、下游模型使用部署及应用开发者、分发平台、三方评测审计方、用户公众等）以及间接参与方（学术机构、外部研究者和政府机构等）都需要根据自身角色承担相应的责任，通过多方合作协同的方式有效管控模型应用中的风险（参见US AISI官方发布：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[120]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 157, "global_sentence_id": 411, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2025/01/updated-guidelines-managing-misuse-risk-dual-use-foundation-models）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1026, "txt": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2025/01/updated-guidelines-managing-misuse-risk-dual-use-foundation-models）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[120]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 157, "global_sentence_id": 412, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二，应提升开源模型生态的风险治理能力，建立对开源模型生态的国际信任。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1028, "txt": "第二，应提升开源模型生态的风险治理能力，建立对开源模型生态的国际信任。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[121]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 158, "global_sentence_id": 413, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "目前，对于开源人工智能安全的认知还存在着碎片化的问题，各国针对DeepSeek开源模型的评估结果凸显了模型安全风险的认知存在差异、模型安全基准在全球范围内并未对齐、测试标准不统一以及评估基准不够客观和缺乏公信力的现实问题，相应的模型安全能力水平也不会对齐。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1029, "txt": "目前，对于开源人工智能安全的认知还存在着碎片化的问题，各国针对DeepSeek开源模型的评估结果凸显了模型安全风险的认知存在差异、模型安全基准在全球范围内并未对齐、测试标准不统一以及评估基准不够客观和缺乏公信力的现实问题，相应的模型安全能力水平也不会对齐。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[121]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 158, "global_sentence_id": 414, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在开源模型生态全球化发展的背景下，各国模型安全能力分布不均、资源不足的现状会对模型能力的普及和应用的拓展造成影响，引发对开源模型不当的限制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1030, "txt": "在开源模型生态全球化发展的背景下，各国模型安全能力分布不均、资源不足的现状会对模型能力的普及和应用的拓展造成影响，引发对开源模型不当的限制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[121]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 158, "global_sentence_id": 415, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对此需要进一步推动不同主体在共商共享过程中共同探索，促进关于模型安全能力和资源的增长和积累，从而提升个体及整体层面的安全水平。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1031, "txt": "对此需要进一步推动不同主体在共商共享过程中共同探索，促进关于模型安全能力和资源的增长和积累，从而提升个体及整体层面的安全水平。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[121]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 158, "global_sentence_id": 416, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第三，应坚持“人工智能安全作为公共产品”的基本理念，推动安全公共知识的积累和认知协同。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1033, "txt": "第三，应坚持“人工智能安全作为公共产品”的基本理念，推动安全公共知识的积累和认知协同。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[122]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 159, "global_sentence_id": 417, 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{"txt": "同时，得益于全球科技创新网络和工业生产体系的构建，许多原本产业基础薄弱、科技水平不高的国家和地区，也获得了重要的发展机遇。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1065, "txt": "同时，得益于全球科技创新网络和工业生产体系的构建，许多原本产业基础薄弱、科技水平不高的国家和地区，也获得了重要的发展机遇。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[132]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 168, "global_sentence_id": 438, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如以色列、爱尔兰、亚洲四小龙和中国大陆等，借助模仿创新（from imitative to innovation）、弯道超车（from short-cycle to long-cycle technologies）或者换道赛车（leapfrogging）等多项具体策略，不但建立了科技和工业发展体系，甚至发展出了本土的大型高新科技企业，成为该产业全球价值链上不可被忽视的竞争力量，并因此冲击旧有的国际科技创新网络和工业生产体系。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1066, "txt": "如以色列、爱尔兰、亚洲四小龙和中国大陆等，借助模仿创新（from imitative to innovation）、弯道超车（from short-cycle to long-cycle technologies）或者换道赛车（leapfrogging）等多项具体策略，不但建立了科技和工业发展体系，甚至发展出了本土的大型高新科技企业，成为该产业全球价值链上不可被忽视的竞争力量，并因此冲击旧有的国际科技创新网络和工业生产体系。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[132]/span"}]}, 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"DeepSeek没有沿着这条拼算力的路径前进，其实践探索无论后续将面对多大的争议和困难，都可以说是启发了关于在人工智能领域如何实施追赶策略的反思，表明人工智能还远未到定型阶段，可以进行多技术路线平行探索。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[134]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 170, "global_sentence_id": 446, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "实际上，在DeepSeek-R1推出后不久，斯坦福大学李飞飞团队和华盛顿大学研究人员成功打造s1-32B的人工智能推理模型，以不到50美元的费用，使用了16块英伟达H100 GPU，耗时26分钟就完成了训练。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1076, "txt": "实际上，在DeepSeek-R1推出后不久，斯坦福大学李飞飞团队和华盛顿大学研究人员成功打造s1-32B的人工智能推理模型，以不到50美元的费用，使用了16块英伟达H100 GPU，耗时26分钟就完成了训练。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[134]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 170, "global_sentence_id": 447, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些人工智能新产品的出现，充分证明在“堆算力”的路径之外，还可以尝试其他的探索方向，避免“追赶者陷阱”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1077, "txt": "这些人工智能新产品的出现，充分证明在“堆算力”的路径之外，还可以尝试其他的探索方向，避免“追赶者陷阱”。", "x": 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"x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[136]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 172, "global_sentence_id": 451, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在科技研究中，后发国家容易陷入以“线性创新观”来指导制定公共政策的陷阱，也即将创新视为沿着“基础研究→应用研究→产业转化”线性路径发展。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1084, "txt": "在科技研究中，后发国家容易陷入以“线性创新观”来指导制定公共政策的陷阱，也即将创新视为沿着“基础研究→应用研究→产业转化”线性路径发展。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[137]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 173, "global_sentence_id": 452, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在后发优势理论和追赶策略的支撑下，这样的政策有相当的益处：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1085, "txt": "在后发优势理论和追赶策略的支撑下，这样的政策有相当的益处：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[137]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 173, "global_sentence_id": 453, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一是便于国家集中一定的资源从事重大科技攻关，引导产业发展；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1086, "txt": "一是便于国家集中一定的资源从事重大科技攻关，引导产业发展；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[137]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 173, "global_sentence_id": 454, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "二是便于国家对整体的产业结构进行不断调整，适应国际竞争的要求；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1087, "txt": "二是便于国家对整体的产业结构进行不断调整，适应国际竞争的要求；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[137]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 173, "global_sentence_id": 455, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "三是便于国家围绕相应的科技和产业内容制定如外资、外贸、技术引进等配套性政策。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1088, "txt": "三是便于国家围绕相应的科技和产业内容制定如外资、外贸、技术引进等配套性政策。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[137]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 173, "global_sentence_id": 456, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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"哈佛大学科技政策专家指出，近几十年里奠定了信息通信时代基础的诸项科技成果，都具有不易被简单归类为基础研究或应用研究的特性，而是在科学发现与技术发明之间存在“互动循环”的复杂关系。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[138]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 174, "global_sentence_id": 459, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如，双极型晶体管的发明带来了晶体管效应的发现，这些发明和发现集合在一起又创造了应用在电脑、汽车等产品上的各类处理器和芯片；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1093, "txt": "比如，双极型晶体管的发明带来了晶体管效应的发现，这些发明和发现集合在一起又创造了应用在电脑、汽车等产品上的各类处理器和芯片；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[138]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 174, "global_sentence_id": 460, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "集成电路的发明带来通用计算机的发明，又促进了计算机科学的发展；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1094, "txt": "集成电路的发明带来通用计算机的发明，又促进了计算机科学的发展；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[138]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 174, "global_sentence_id": 461, 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steps ## The Official Raspberry Pi Handbook 2025
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"11日创盘中新高之后，国际现货黄金价格回落。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 235, "txt": "11日创盘中新高之后，国际现货黄金价格回落。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "截至北京时间12日5时，国际现货黄金（伦敦金）报每盎司2897.72美元，较昨日跌幅为0.35%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 236, "txt": "截至北京时间12日5时，国际现货黄金（伦敦金）报每盎司2897.72美元，较昨日跌幅为0.35%。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "周三(2月12日)亚市盘中，现货黄金突然加剧回调走势，金价刚刚跌破2885美元/盎司附近水平，日内重挫逾12美元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 238, "txt": "周三(2月12日)亚市盘中，现货黄金突然加剧回调走势，金价刚刚跌破2885美元/盎司附近水平，日内重挫逾12美元。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于金价后续走势，中信证券研判，美国政府的关税举动是重要推手，短期内若政策继续反复，则金价有望继续上行，反之上行可能接近尾声。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 240, "txt": "对于金价后续走势，中信证券研判，美国政府的关税举动是重要推手，短期内若政策继续反复，则金价有望继续上行，反之上行可能接近尾声。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "全年看，仍然维持此前对金价的乐观预期。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 241, "txt": "全年看，仍然维持此前对金价的乐观预期。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这波大涨背后，关税是核心原因", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 243, "txt": "这波大涨背后，关税是核心原因", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[14]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "值得注意的是，2月11日晚，据央视新闻报道，美国总统特朗普签署的行政令文本显示，对所有进口至美国的钢铁和铝征收25%关税将于3月12日生效。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 245, "txt": "值得注意的是，2月11日晚，据央视新闻报道，美国总统特朗普签署的行政令文本显示，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[16]"}, {"position_id": 247, "txt": "对所有进口至美国的钢铁和铝征收25%关税将于3月12日生效。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[16]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当地时间2月10日，美国总统特朗普签署行政命令，宣布对所有进口至美国的钢铁和铝征收25%关税。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 249, "txt": "当地时间2月10日，美国总统特朗普签署行政命令，宣布对所有进口至美国的钢铁和铝征收25%关税。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[16]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "特朗普当天还表示，相关要求“没有例外和豁免”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": 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"global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "截至北京时间2月11日19:00，美国期金价格仍比伦敦现货金价高出近30美元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 255, "txt": "截至北京时间2月11日19:00，美国期金价格仍比伦敦现货金价高出近30美元。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[20]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "伦敦地下的金库储存着价值约8000亿美元的黄金。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 256, "txt": "伦敦地下的金库储存着价值约8000亿美元的黄金。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[20]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "由于担心特朗普将对黄金征收关税，过去一个月纽约期金价格飙升，大幅拉大了与伦敦现货金之间的价格差距，这为能够跨越大西洋运送黄金的交易商提供了一个利润丰厚的套利机会。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 257, "txt": "由于担心特朗普将对黄金征收关税，过去一个月纽约期金价格飙升，大幅拉大了与伦敦现货金之间的价格差距，这为能够跨越大西洋运送黄金的交易商提供了一个利润丰厚的套利机会。", "x": 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"web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当日晚间，国内外金价均转跌。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 270, "txt": "当日晚间，国内外金价均转跌。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "国际方面，Wind数据显示，截至北京时间21:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 271, "txt": "国际方面，Wind数据显示，截至北京时间21:", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "54，伦敦现货黄金价格报2891.875美元/盎司，跌0.54%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 272, "txt": "54，伦敦现货黄金价格报2891.875美元/盎司，跌0.54%。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2Gpmsy32CKDQ2t10PL4aJA0y.webp", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 113, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2Gpmsy32CKDQ2t10PL4aJA0y.webp", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[33]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "国内方面，2月11日夜盘交易时段，沪金期货低开后小幅下跌，截至北京时间21:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 274, "txt": "国内方面，2月11日夜盘交易时段，沪金期货低开后小幅下跌，截至北京时间21:", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "54，报681.94元/克，跌0.39%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 275, "txt": "54，报681.94元/克，跌0.39%。", "x": 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"各会员单位要做好风险应急预案，维护市场平稳运行，提示投资者做好风险防范工作，合理控制仓位，理性投资。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 280, "txt": "各会员单位要做好风险应急预案，维护市场平稳运行，提示投资者做好风险防范工作，合理控制仓位，理性投资。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "后市或仍具上行动能", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 282, "txt": "后市或仍具上行动能", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[41]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "展望后市，国盛证券首席经济学家熊园认为，黄金价格中长期大概率延续上涨趋势，主要原因包括两方面：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 284, "txt": "展望后市，国盛证券首席经济学家熊园认为，黄金价格中长期大概率延续上涨趋势，主要原因包括两方面：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其一，在地缘冲突升温和去美元化的大背景下，全球央行仍将持续购金，且潜在规模较大；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 285, "txt": "其一，在地缘冲突升温和去美元化的大背景下，全球央行仍将持续购金，且潜在规模较大；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其二，目前美股等资产估值已达到历史高位，相比之下黄金估值并不高，有望吸引更多投资者增配。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 286, "txt": "其二，目前美股等资产估值已达到历史高位，相比之下黄金估值并不高，有望吸引更多投资者增配。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "兴业期货分析师张舒绮认为，由于全球不稳定因素持续增多，金价后续仍有持续上涨动能。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 288, "txt": "兴业期货分析师张舒绮认为，由于全球不稳定因素持续增多，金价后续仍有持续上涨动能。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "张舒绮表示，黄金价格自1月份以来稳步上行，近期屡创历史新高，主要是受短期宏观经济因素和中长期避险需求因素驱动。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 290, "txt": "张舒绮表示，黄金价格自1月份以来稳步上行，近期屡创历史新高，主要是受短期宏观经济因素和中长期避险需求因素驱动。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[47]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国经济数据已充分计价美联储加息的小概率事件，美元指数和美债实际收益率回落，降低了黄金价格上行阻力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 291, "txt": "美国经济数据已充分计价美联储加息的小概率事件，美元指数和美债实际收益率回落，降低了黄金价格上行阻力。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[47]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，COMEX黄金库存增加，加剧了现货市场紧张，推动金价上涨。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 292, "txt": "此外，COMEX黄金库存增加，加剧了现货市场紧张，推动金价上涨。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[47]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，美国贸易政策变动和关税调整频繁，全球贸易格局不确定性增强，资金避险需求上升。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 293, "txt": "此外，美国贸易政策变动和关税调整频繁，全球贸易格局不确定性增强，资金避险需求上升。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[47]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另外，全球黄金ETF持续获得资金净流入，资产管理规模和持有量均创历史新高，显示黄金交易活跃。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 294, "txt": "另外，全球黄金ETF持续获得资金净流入，资产管理规模和持有量均创历史新高，显示黄金交易活跃。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[47]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "鉴于上述因素，建议对黄金维持多头策略思路，稳健投资者可布局买入黄金看涨期权，积极投资者可持有单边期货多头头寸。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 295, "txt": "鉴于上述因素，建议对黄金维持多头策略思路，稳健投资者可布局买入黄金看涨期权，积极投资者可持有单边期货多头头寸。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[47]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不过，熊园同时表示，与2024年相比，当前黄金所面临的形势也存在两点显著差异：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 297, "txt": "不过，熊园同时表示，与2024年相比，当前黄金所面临的形势也存在两点显著差异：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[49]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其一，2024年市场关注美联储开启降息周期，而目前市场交易美联储降息可能接近尾声；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 298, "txt": "其一，2024年市场关注美联储开启降息周期，而目前市场交易美联储降息可能接近尾声；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[49]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其二，2024年黄金价格上涨行情启动时，期货和期权的多头持仓并不拥挤，而当前多头持仓拥挤度处在历史高位。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 299, "txt": "其二，2024年黄金价格上涨行情启动时，期货和期权的多头持仓并不拥挤，而当前多头持仓拥挤度处在历史高位。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[49]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，2025年黄金价格或难以复刻2024年的持续大涨行情，更有可能是反复震荡式的上涨，建议等待回调后的配置机会，短期内不宜追高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 300, "txt": "因此，2025年黄金价格或难以复刻2024年的持续大涨行情，更有可能是反复震荡式的上涨，建议等待回调后的配置机会，短期内不宜追高。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[49]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "来源：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 302, "txt": "来源：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[1]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "source", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "央视新闻、湖北日报、黄金网、中国证券报", 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"全社会的关注与支持，政策的持续投入与创新，将共同推动教育公平与社会福祉的实现，确保每个孩子都能获得适配的教育与健康支持，迈向光明的未来。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[1]/p[21]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/MEFazsUW83ZpJ4G0ot6jp3ssiavDtwYia8BK77HWsKoBU1ibjyl4szDTFibJ8YOkj97WCCDSlwbZuFWIlLP6TQpXtA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 124, "txt": "<img https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/MEFazsUW83ZpJ4G0ot6jp3ssiavDtwYia8BK77HWsKoBU1ibjyl4szDTFibJ8YOkj97WCCDSlwbZuFWIlLP6TQpXtA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[1]/p[22]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "关注『黑板洞察』，", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 276, "txt": "关注『黑板洞察』", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/h4/strong[1]"}, {"position_id": 278, "txt": "，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/h4/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["h4", "strong"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 黑板洞察 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 280, "txt": "\n 黑板洞察 ", "x": "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 全球教育的“隐形战场”：儿童心理危机如何成为政策焦点？ ## 01 全球青少年心理健康告急，教育焦虑该如何破解？ ## 02 儿童青少年心理与学习问题的多维成因分析 ## 03 多主体应对与政策实践的全球经验与本土探索 ## 04 未来展望：综合治理与系统创新的新方向
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"昨日，许久没有动态的千禾味业，体验了一把登上巅峰的感觉。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "在日前被某媒体送检13款零添加酱油产品中，千禾味业旗下一款产品被检出镉含量。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 344, "txt": "在日前被某媒体送检13款零添加酱油产品中，千禾味业旗下一款产品被检出镉含量。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不过，风却吹向了另一边，其酱油包装瓶上的“千禾0”商标，是否意味着真是零添加，早已吵开了花，昨日上午迅速被冲上百度热搜之首。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 345, "txt": "不过，风却吹向了另一边，其", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[2]"}, {"position_id": 347, "txt": "酱油包装瓶上的“千禾0”商标，是否意味着真是零添加", "x": 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"镉元素对人体有毒，半衰期长达30年，且存在可能诱发致癌等风险。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 367, "txt": "镉元素对人体有毒，半衰期长达30年，且存在可能诱发致癌等风险。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种危险物质，如何会进入到酱油中，诸多网友一时百思不得其解。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 368, "txt": "这种危险物质，如何会进入到酱油中，诸多网友一时百思不得其解。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因为产品“零添加”的标签，千禾在这场风波中成为争议最大的品牌。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 370, "txt": "因为产品“零添加”的标签，千禾在这场风波中成为争议最大的品牌。", "x": 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"/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[10]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "据公开报道，此次被送检的千禾味业旗下御藏本酿380天酱油产品，被检出镉含量为0.0110mg/kg，与海天0金标生抽（酿造酱油）、八珍生抽酿造酱油所被检测出的镉含量相当。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 374, "txt": "据公开报道，此次被送检的千禾味业旗下御藏本酿380天酱油产品，被检出镉含量为0.0110mg/kg，与海天0金标生抽（酿造酱油）、八珍生抽酿造酱油所被检测出的镉含量相当。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》中，未对酱油中的镉含量明确限值，不过，参考该规定中的谷物及其制品镉限量值为≤0.1mg/kg，上述送检产品均低于此值。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 376, "txt": "在《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》中，未对酱油中的镉含量明确限值，不过，参考该规定中的谷物及其制品镉限量值为≤0.1mg/kg，上述送检产品均低于此值。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "被检出含镉后，千禾酱油产品包装上“千禾0”商标意外引发关注。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 378, "txt": "被检出含镉后，千禾酱油产品包装上“千禾0”商标意外引发关注。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因为黄色的“0”在瓶身上非常醒目，很容易被误解为零添加。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 379, "txt": "因为", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[13]"}, {"position_id": 381, "txt": "黄色的“0”在瓶身上非常醒目，很容易被误解为零添加。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[13]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "贴上“千禾0”标识，是否为零添加？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 383, "txt": "贴上“千禾0”标识，是否为零添加？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[14]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "千禾味业客服并没有正面回应媒体的求证，表示可以参考配料表。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 384, "txt": "千禾味业客服并没有正面回应媒体的求证，表示可以参考配料表。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[14]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在公司官网上，千禾御藏本酿380天酱油产品，位居零添加酱油产品板块之首，另外还有280天、180天两款产品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 386, "txt": "在公司官网上，千禾御藏本酿380天酱油产品，位居零添加酱油产品板块之首，另外还有280天、180天两款产品。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "该系列产品单瓶（500毫升）零售价在15至20元区间。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 387, "txt": "该系列产品单瓶（500毫升）零售价在15至20元区间。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在酱油行业，千禾味业历来以零添加概念立住品牌人设。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 389, "txt": "在酱油行业，千禾味业历来以零添加概念立住品牌人设。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[16]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2008年，公司推出第一款零添加产品，2015年公司将零添加产品作为卖点之一，启动线上运营业务。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 391, "txt": "2008年，公司推出第一款零添加产品，2015年公司将零添加产品作为卖点之一，启动线上运营业务。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[16]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2018年，公司着手围绕“零添加”三个字做功课，先后申请注册“千禾零加”、“千禾零零”等一系列商标，试图通过知识产权上加深品牌标识。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 393, "txt": "2018年，公司着手围绕“零添加”三个字做功课，先后申请注册“千禾零加”、“千禾零零”等一系列商标，试图通过知识产权上加深品牌标识。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "两年后，公司似乎对商标还不太满意，陆续提交注册“千禾0”、“千禾0+”、“0”等商标的申请，这些商标陆续注册成功后，成为公司酱油、食醋、料酒和白醋等产品上重要且常见的标识。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 395, "txt": "两年后，公司似乎对商标还不太满意，陆续提交注册“千禾0”、“千禾0+”、“0”等商标的申请，这些商标陆续注册成功后，成为公司酱油、食醋、料酒和白醋等产品上重要且常见的标识。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其中，公司对“千禾0”30类方便食品商标煞费苦心。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 397, "txt": "其中，公司对“千禾0”30类方便食品商标煞费苦心。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "该商标于2023年8月提交注册申请，经历受理、驳回及复审，终于去年1月获得收文。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 398, "txt": "该商标于2023年8月提交注册申请，经历受理、驳回及复审，终于去年1月获得收文。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "天眼查显示，千禾还利用著作权“保护”零添加概念。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 400, "txt": "天眼查显示，千禾还利用著作权“保护”零添加概念。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[20]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2024年6月17日，千禾零添加酱油280天、180天和380天产品包装设计图，同时完成美术作品著作权登记。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 401, "txt": "2024年6月17日，千禾零添加酱油280天、180天和380天产品包装设计图，同时完成美术作品著作权登记。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[20]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "酱油黑马失速", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 403, "txt": "酱油黑马失速", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/h2[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "长期以来，海天味业、中炬高新（600872.SH）依托全国性渠道优势，跻身酱油市场头部阵营，中小调味品企业要么居于一隅，要么被收购。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 405, "txt": "长期以来，海天味业、中炬高新（600872.SH）依托全国性渠道优势，跻身酱油市场头部阵营，中小调味品企业要么居于一隅，要么被收购。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "直到千禾味业走出四川，通过零添加产品出圈，逐渐在市场有了一席之地。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 406, "txt": "直到千禾味业走出四川，通过零添加产品出圈，逐渐在市场有了一席之地。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2022年，行业龙头海天味业（603288.SH）陷入“双标”风波，消费者对食品添加剂焦虑愈发加剧，“科技与狠活”成为当年下半年互联网上的热门，千禾味业接住了这一波流量，成为市场热宠。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 408, "txt": "2022年，行业龙头海天味业（603288.SH）陷入“双标”风波，消费者对食品添加剂焦虑愈发加剧，“科技与狠活”成为当年下半年互联网上的热门，", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[22]"}, {"position_id": 410, "txt": "千禾味业接住了这一波流量，成为市场热宠。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[22]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2023年，公司交出自上市以来最好一张答卷，营业收入实现32.07亿元、归母净利润5.30亿元，同比分别增长31.62%和54.22%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 412, "txt": "2023年，公司交出自上市以来最好一张答卷，营业收入实现32.07亿元、归母净利润5.30亿元，同比分别增长31.62%和54.22%。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[23]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/40u0Wg2pKB8Rathkv2fjU4D.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 319, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/40u0Wg2pKB8Rathkv2fjU4D.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[24]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "早在这之前，千禾味业就已尝到增长的快感。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 414, "txt": "早在这之前，千禾味业就已尝到增长的快感。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "公司2016年登陆资本市场后，营业收入由当年的7.71亿元增至2022年24.36亿元，同期，归母净利润由1.00亿元增至3.44亿元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 415, "txt": "公司2016年登陆资本市场后，营业收入由当年的7.71亿元增至2022年24.36亿元，同期，归母净利润由1.00亿元增至3.44亿元。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在消费转型升级过程中，公司把握住调味品消费升级带来的机会，产品迎合用户对健康、安全以及高品质的需求。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 417, "txt": "在消费转型升级过程中，公司把握住调味品消费升级带来的机会，产品迎合用户对健康、安全以及高品质的需求。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[26]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，海天味业在“双标”风波中形象受损、中炬高新内斗不止等，为千禾味业弯道超车创造了有利条件。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 418, "txt": "同时，海天味业在“双标”风波中形象受损、中炬高新内斗不止等，为千禾味业弯道超车创造了有利条件。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[26]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不过，随着酱油存量时代到来，行业龙头及中小调味品企业相继推出了零添加产品，千禾多年苦心构建的零添加护城河，已不再具备优势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 420, "txt": "不过，", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[27]"}, {"position_id": 422, "txt": "随着酱油存量时代到来，行业龙头及中小调味品企业相继推出了零添加产品", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[27]/strong"}, {"position_id": 424, "txt": "，千禾多年苦心构建的零添加护城河，已不再具备优势。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[27]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "公开数据显示，2023年中国酱油市场需求580万吨，同比增速仅为4.5%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 426, "txt": "公开数据显示，2023年中国酱油市场需求580万吨，同比增速仅为4.5%。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[28]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "各大厂商在酱油上频频动心思，推出了凉拌、减盐、儿童酱油等适合更多场景和人群的产品，以至于现在各种酱油产品挤满了卖场货架。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 427, "txt": "各大厂商在酱油上频频动心思，推出了凉拌、减盐、儿童酱油等适合更多场景和人群的产品，以至于现在各种酱油产品挤满了卖场货架。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[28]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "酱油一时难卖起来。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 429, "txt": "酱油一时难卖起来。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "海天酱油2023年酱油收入126.37亿元，同比下降8.83%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 430, "txt": "海天酱油2023年酱油收入126.37亿元，同比下降8.83%。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在经过渠道调整、去库存等措施落地后，去年前三季度才恢复增长。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 431, "txt": "在经过渠道调整、去库存等措施落地后，去年前三季度才恢复增长。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同期，中炬高新酱油收入22.99亿元，同比下降2.40%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 432, "txt": "同期，中炬高新酱油收入22.99亿元，同比下降2.40%。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "压力之下，千禾味业不得不将产品延伸到食醋、料酒等品类中。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 434, "txt": "压力之下，千禾味业不得不将产品延伸到食醋、料酒等品类中。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[30]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不过，这些品类还难以减轻酱油主业的压力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 435, "txt": "不过，这些品类还难以减轻酱油主业的压力。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[30]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2024年前三季度，公司第二大产品食醋实现营业收入约2.87亿元，同比下降10.41%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 437, "txt": "2024年前三季度，公司第二大产品食醋实现营业收入约2.87亿元，同比下降10.41%。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[31]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同期，酱油业务收入14.35亿元，同比下降2.44%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 438, "txt": "同期，酱油业务收入14.35亿元，同比下降2.44%。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[31]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "本文来自微信公众号“斑马消费”（ID：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 440, "txt": "本文来自微信公众号", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[32]"}, {"position_id": 442, "txt": "“斑马消费”（ID：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[32]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "source", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "banmaxiaofei），作者：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 443, "txt": "banmaxiaofei）", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[32]/a"}, {"position_id": 445, "txt": "，作者：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[32]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "沈庹，36氪经授权发布。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 446, "txt": "沈庹，36氪经授权发布。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[32]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# “千禾0”添加，千禾味业的文字游戏？ ## “擦边球” ## 酱油黑马失速
42188293-963f-4b9b-8261-503776858a2b	web	test/raw_web_htmls/42188293-963f-4b9b-8261-503776858a2b.html	https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzkwNjMwODY4Nw==&mid=2247545153&idx=1&sn=90609feac897f24984d1aea47d8e319c&scene=0	{"entry_id": "42188293-963f-4b9b-8261-503776858a2b", "infos": [{"txt": "Nature正刊\|基于多源数据与GEE监测全球采矿对河流沉积的影响", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "Nature正刊\|基于多源数据与GEE监测全球采矿对河流沉积的影响", "x": ""}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Nature正刊\|基于多源数据与GEE监测全球采矿对河流沉积的影响 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 241, "txt": "\n \nNature正刊\|基于多源数据与GEE监测全球采矿对河流沉积的影响\n ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "01", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 243, "txt": "01", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[1]/section/section/section/section/section[1]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "论文标题", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 245, "txt": "论文标题", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[1]/section/section/section/section/section[2]/p/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Dethier E N, Silman M, Leiva J D, et al.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 247, "txt": "Dethier E N, Silman M, Leiva J D, et al.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/section/section/section/p/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " A global rise in alluvial mining increases sediment load in tropical rivers[J].", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 248, "txt": " A global rise in alluvial mining increases sediment load in tropical rivers[J].", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/section/section/section/p/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Nature, 2023, 620(7975):", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 249, "txt": " Nature, 2023, 620(7975):", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/section/section/section/p/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 787-793.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 250, "txt": " 787-793.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/section/section/section/p/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, 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{"txt": "增加的悬浮沉积物负荷可能降低水的清澈度，并导致淤积达到可能引发鱼类疾病和死亡，水质恶化以及对人类基础设施的破坏。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 260, "txt": "增加的悬浮沉积物负荷可能降低水的清澈度，并导致淤积达到可能引发鱼类疾病和死亡，水质恶化以及对人类基础设施的破坏。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[4]/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尽管已有研究探讨了局部尺度的河流开采，但至今尚无全球范围内对其物理影响和对水文系统的影响的综合分析，因此其全面的环境后果尚不明确。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 262, "txt": "尽管已有研究探讨了局部尺度的河流开采，但至今尚无全球范围内对其物理影响和对水文系统的影响的综合分析，因此其全面的环境后果尚不明确。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[4]/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们汇集并分析了一个涵盖37年的卫星数据库，显示了全球范围内河流矿产开采的普遍增长。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 263, "txt": "我们汇集并分析了一个涵盖", "x": 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"web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在173条受矿业影响的河流中，80%的河流悬浮沉积物浓度（SSC）是采矿前水平的两倍以上。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 273, "txt": "在173条受矿业影响的河流中，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[4]/strong[4]"}, {"position_id": 275, "txt": "80%的河流悬浮沉积物浓度（SSC）是采矿前水平的两倍以上。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[4]/strong[5]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在30个矿业影响大河流（宽度大于50米）的国家中，23±19%的大河流长度受到矿业衍生沉积物的影响，这一全球性影响涉及35,000公里的河流，占所有大热带河流段的6%（±1%标准误差）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 277, "txt": "在30个矿业影响大河流（宽度大于50米）的国家中，23±19%的大河流长度受到矿业衍生沉积物的影响，这一全球性影响涉及35,000公里的河流，占所有大热带河流段的6%（±1%标准误差）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[4]/strong[5]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "研究结果突显了矿业活动引发的热带河流系统退化的普遍性和强度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 279, "txt": "研究结果突显了矿业活动引发的热带河流系统退化的普遍性和强度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[4]/strong[6]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "03", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 281, "txt": "03", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[5]/section/section/section/section[1]/section[1]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "关键图表", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 283, "txt": "关键图表", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[5]/section/section/section/section[1]/section[2]/p/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/3YmaWSj9gtQsaaq3qC0LWfCdegdCXXsOpGOmibJ9XSxJGUh75rReDwGKJKa2V7wC10Icxlib8LVhvkV1jcz3eg6A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 111, "txt": "<img https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/3YmaWSj9gtQsaaq3qC0LWfCdegdCXXsOpGOmibJ9XSxJGUh75rReDwGKJKa2V7wC10Icxlib8LVhvkV1jcz3eg6A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "图 1. 全球河流矿产开采概览。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 285, "txt": "图 1. ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/strong[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 287, "txt": "全球河流矿产开采概览。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/strong[2]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "a，图示了396个已识别的河流矿产开采区。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 289, "txt": "a，图示了396个已识别的河流矿产开采区。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "超过80%的矿区（334/396）位于赤道20°范围内。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 290, "txt": "超过80%的矿区（334/396）位于赤道20°范围内。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "b–e，Planet Labs卫星影像显示了在a中识别的矿区，位于秘鲁（b，id：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 291, "txt": "b–e，Planet Labs卫星影像显示了在a中识别的矿区，位于秘鲁（b，id：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "s0258_PER_gold）、加纳（c，id：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 292, "txt": "s0258_PER_gold）、加纳（c，id：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "s0112_GHA_gold）、刚果民主共和国（d，id：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 293, "txt": "s0112_GHA_gold）、刚果民主共和国（d，id：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "s0083_COD_gold）和缅甸（e，id：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 294, "txt": "s0083_COD_gold）和缅甸（e，id：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "s0242_MMR_gold）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 295, "txt": "s0242_MMR_gold）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些地区的土地转变类似，从森林转变为充满水的采矿坑（图像 © 2022 Planet Labs PBC）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 296, "txt": "这些地区的土地转变类似，从森林转变为充满水的采矿坑（图像 © 2022 Planet Labs PBC）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "d和e图中也可见河道采矿。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 297, "txt": "d和e图中也可见河道采矿。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比例尺，1公里。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 298, "txt": "比例尺，1公里。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "f，按年度显示的河流矿产开采站点数量。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 299, "txt": "f，按年度显示的河流矿产开采站点数量。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "注意有两个y轴刻度，一个表示年度测量（黄色条形），另一个表示累积总数（黑线）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 300, "txt": "注意有两个y轴刻度，一个表示年度测量（黄色条形），另一个表示累积总数（黑线）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "只有在少数情况下，能够获得有关采矿开始时间的信息，因此我们将这些站点归为单一类别。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 301, "txt": "只有在少数情况下，能够获得有关采矿开始时间的信息，因此我们将这些站点归为单一类别。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "g,h，近期废弃的矿坑照片，拍摄于秘鲁马德雷德迪奥斯的一个高强度开采区（id：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 302, "txt": "g,h，近期废弃的矿坑照片，拍摄于秘鲁马德雷德迪奥斯的一个高强度开采区（id：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "s0253_PER_gold）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 303, "txt": "s0253_PER_gold）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "坑的直径约为50–500米。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 304, "txt": "坑的直径约为50–500米。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "图中的清理和开挖带宽约为1.25公里。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 305, "txt": "图中的清理和开挖带宽约为1.25公里。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尽管基本的河流采矿方法和技术已存在多年，但60%的站点是在2000年后开始采矿的，46%的站点则是在2006年后开始采矿（n = 237和183，分别）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 306, "txt": "尽管基本的河流采矿方法和技术已存在多年，但60%的站点是在2000年后开始采矿的，46%的站点则是在2006年后开始采矿（n = 237和183，分别）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "g和h中的照片由Jason Houston拍摄。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 307, "txt": "g和h中的照片由Jason Houston拍摄。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1jCXly2r2KRV4FG8Rt2Cwg1Z.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 119, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1jCXly2r2KRV4FG8Rt2Cwg1Z.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[4]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "图 2. 河流在采矿开始后迅速反应。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 309, "txt": "图 2. ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/strong[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 311, "txt": "河流在采矿开始后迅速反应。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/strong[2]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "河流的悬浮沉积物浓度（SSC）在采矿开始后的几年内增加。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 313, "txt": "河流的悬浮沉积物浓度（SSC）在采矿开始后的几年内增加。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第0年为估计的采矿开始年份，负值表示采矿前的时期。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 314, "txt": "第0年为估计的采矿开始年份，负值表示采矿前的时期。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "a，所有研究中河流的汇总分析显示了全球信号。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 315, "txt": "a，所有研究中河流的汇总分析显示了全球信号。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所有河流的悬浮沉积物浓度均比采矿前分布高出3个标准差，如所有月度测量值的插图直方图所示。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 316, "txt": "所有河流的悬浮沉积物浓度均比采矿前分布高出3个标准差，如所有月度测量值的插图直方图所示。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "b，按主要陆地划分的河流SSC对采矿的反应，灰线显示了每条河流的轨迹。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 317, "txt": "b，按主要陆地划分的河流SSC对采矿的反应，灰线显示了每条河流的轨迹。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在每个图中，中位值由实线表示；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 318, "txt": "在每个图中，中位值由实线表示；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "四分位数范围以阴影表示。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 319, "txt": "四分位数范围以阴影表示。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1984年之前即开始采矿的河流（Landsat 5任务开始前）不包括在此分析中（n = 44）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 320, "txt": "1984年之前即开始采矿的河流（Landsat 5任务开始前）不包括在此分析中（n = 44）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "c，来自每个主要陆地的代表性河流的SSC时间序列，展示了参考期（灰色阴影、蓝色线条）期间SSC的自然波动以及采矿开始后SSC的迅速增加（黄色线条）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 321, "txt": "c，来自每个主要陆地的代表性河流的SSC时间序列，展示了参考期（灰色阴影、蓝色线条）期间SSC的自然波动以及采矿开始后SSC的迅速增加（黄色线条）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "每个图中的采矿开始时间通过竖直黑线表示。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 322, "txt": "每个图中的采矿开始时间通过竖直黑线表示。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3uRkvgjFmda4xS51N2aWLbR.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 130, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3uRkvgjFmda4xS51N2aWLbR.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "图3.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 324, "txt": "图3.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/strong[1]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 受河流矿产开采影响的河流长度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 325, "txt": " ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/strong[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 327, "txt": "受河流矿产开采影响的河流长度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/strong[2]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "显示受河流矿产开采影响的河流公里数的年度时间序列，分别按全球（a）和主要陆地（b）表示。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 329, "txt": "显示受河流矿产开采影响的河流公里数的年度时间序列，分别按全球（a）和主要陆地（b）表示。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "值的计算方式是，SSC高于参考均值（棕色线）和SSC高于参考分布3个标准差（黄色线）的河流公里数。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 330, "txt": "值的计算方式是，SSC高于参考均值（棕色线）和SSC高于参考分布3个标准差（黄色线）的河流公里数。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "c，受矿业影响的河流的采矿前（参考，青色符号）和采矿后（黄色符号）SSC Z-score概况，展示了特定河流（>500公里）在标准差方面偏离采矿前分布的情况。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 331, "txt": "c，受矿业影响的河流的采矿前（参考，青色符号）和采矿后（黄色符号）SSC Z-score概况，展示了特定河流（>500公里）在标准差方面偏离采矿前分布的情况。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "受矿业影响的河流大多数情况下会在下游恢复到参考水平，但这种恢复并非普遍存在，且通常不会在数百公里内发生。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 332, "txt": "受矿业影响的河流大多数情况下会在下游恢复到参考水平，但这种恢复并非普遍存在，且通常不会在数百公里内发生。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "误差条表示估算的标准误差，这是指定期间50公里的均值。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 333, "txt": "误差条表示估算的标准误差，这是指定期间50公里的均值。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "绘制的参考值沿河流变化，因为Z-score计算的参考分布是通过整个剖面计算的，以确保与没有采矿前参考期的河流一致。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 334, "txt": "绘制的参考值沿河流变化，因为Z-score计算的参考分布是通过整个剖面计算的，以确保与没有采矿前参考期的河流一致。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1gM5Wl2X3Bio13tTiw1IEonr.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 140, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1gM5Wl2X3Bio13tTiw1IEonr.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "图 4. 各国受采矿影响的河流总长度的比例。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 336, "txt": "图 4. ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/strong[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 338, "txt": "各国受采矿影响的河流总长度的比例", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/strong[2]/span"}, {"position_id": 340, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "a，每个白色条形代表大河流长度（宽度>50米），橙色阴影表示受采矿影响的河流长度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 341, "txt": "a，每个白色条形代表大河流长度（宽度>50米），橙色阴影表示受采矿影响的河流长度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "在这些国家中，采矿衍生的沉积物平均改变了23% ± 19%标准差的大河流长度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 342, "txt": "在这些国家中，采矿衍生的沉积物平均改变了23% ± 19%标准差的大河流长度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "请注意，除巴西外，所有国家都使用相同的刻度，巴西由于亚马逊流域的规模较大，使用了不同的刻度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 343, "txt": "请注意，除巴西外，所有国家都使用相同的刻度，巴西由于亚马逊流域的规模较大，使用了不同的刻度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "b–f，五个河流矿产开采地区的受矿业影响的河流示例。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 344, "txt": "b–f，五个河流矿产开采地区的受矿业影响的河流示例。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "采矿衍生的沉积物改变了河流的颜色，使其在卫星图像中呈现棕色、橙色或黄色。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 345, "txt": "采矿衍生的沉积物改变了河流的颜色，使其在卫星图像中呈现棕色、橙色或黄色。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "b和e中的深色河流表明这些地区的河流在上游开采较少的情况下的外观。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 346, "txt": "b和e中的深色河流表明这些地区的河流在上游开采较少的情况下的外观。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "每张卫星图像中标出了河流截面代码。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 347, "txt": "每张卫星图像中标出了河流截面代码。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "b–f中的卫星图像经过修改，来自Copernicus Sentinel数据（2022）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 348, "txt": "b–f中的卫星图像经过修改，来自Copernicus Sentinel数据（2022）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "比例尺，3公里（b，e），4公里（c），5公里（d，f）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 349, "txt": "比例尺，3公里（b，e），4公里（c），5公里（d，f）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "04", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 351, "txt": "04", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section/section/section/section[1]/section[1]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "数据代码可用性", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 353, "txt": "数据代码可用性", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section/section/section/section[1]/section[2]/p/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1.数据可用性：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 355, "txt": "1.数据可用性：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[10]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "可用的数据包括所有矿区位置和河流剖面的KML文件，以及遥感数据。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 357, "txt": "可用的数据包括所有矿区位置和河流剖面的KML文件，以及遥感数据。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所有数据都存档于 https://zenodo.org/record/7699122#.ZE9Hey-B3RY。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 358, "txt": "所有数据都存档于 https://zenodo.org/record/7699122#.ZE9Hey-B3RY。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.代码可用性：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 360, "txt": "2.代码可用性：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[12]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "本研究中访问未处理数据并重现我们结果所需的所有代码可在以下网址获取：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 362, "txt": "本研究中访问未处理数据并重现我们结果所需的", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[13]"}, {"position_id": 364, "txt": "所有代码", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[13]/strong"}, {"position_id": 366, "txt": "可在以下网址获取：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[13]/strong"}]}, 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428, "txt": "3 月 5 日 - 3 月 20 日，新订购影视黄金会员半年包的用户，可免费领取 1 袋 10 斤装品牌大米（稻香贡米，净含量 5 千克）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[1]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/section/section[1]/section/section/section/section/section[1]/section/section[30]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "活动路径：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 430, "txt": "活动路径：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[1]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/section/section[1]/section/section/section/section/section[1]/section/section[31]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "山东移动高清 - 看电视 - 活动专区", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 431, "txt": "山东移动高清 - 看电视 - 活动专区", "x": 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"txt": "其中，奇异影视单屏12个月228元可得13个月，四屏12个月360元；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[1]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/section/section[1]/section/section/section/section/section[1]/section/section[34]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "云视听极光单屏12个月258元，酷喵TV单屏12个月198元、四屏12个月248元，均有相应福利。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 439, "txt": "云视听极光单屏12个月258元，酷喵TV单屏12个月198元、四屏12个月248元，均有相应福利。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[1]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/section/section[1]/section/section/section/section/section[1]/section/section[34]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img 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"/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/section/section[2]/section/section/section/section/section[1]/section/section/section/section/section[2]/span/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 流媒体网 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 441, "txt": "\n 流媒体网 ", "x": "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# IPTV / DVB增值服务动态大搜罗(3月1日-3月7日) ## 湖北移动IPTV：爱家少儿周边福利大派送 ## 广西IPTV：【看广西】专区全新升级 ## 山东移动IPTV：订购直播畅享年包可免费领好礼 ## 湖北移动IPTV：499TV 豆抢兑煮蛋器 ## 河北IPTV：V 币兑换现金红包 ## 福建IPTV：【奋勇争先——2025全国两会】上线 ## 福建移动IPTV：“她自有光”抽奖活动 ## 山东移动IPTV：订购影视黄金会员半年包送好礼 ## 江苏有线：“3.8 女神节” 影视会员优惠活动
67f63122-b966-45c9-abb8-86603c46bf4e	web	test/raw_web_htmls/67f63122-b966-45c9-abb8-86603c46bf4e.html	https://openjdk.org/jeps/8328186	{"entry_id": "67f63122-b966-45c9-abb8-86603c46bf4e", "infos": [{"txt": "JEP draft:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "JEP draft:", "x": "//title"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Hot Code Heap", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": " Hot Code Heap", "x": "//title"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "JEP draft:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 367, "txt": "JEP draft:", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": " Hot Code Heap", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 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"web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国政府打着帮助缓解因俄乌冲突导致的能源短缺，保障相关地区民众基本生活的旗号，允许美企参与俄罗斯石油项目。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 691, "txt": "美国政府打着帮助缓解因俄乌冲突导致的能源短缺，保障相关地区民众基本生活的旗号，允许美企参与俄罗斯石油项目。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[16]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这样一来，美企既能在俄罗斯石油领域分得一杯羹，又能为后续进一步解除制裁创造有利条件。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 692, "txt": "这样一来，美企既能在俄罗斯石油领域分得一杯羹，又能为后续进一步解除制裁创造有利条件。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[16]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "长期：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 694, "txt": "长期：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[17]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "推动国会通过《美俄关系正常化法案》，将制裁解除与俄乌和平协议捆绑。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 695, "txt": "推动国会通过《美俄关系正常化法案》，将制裁解除与俄乌和平协议捆绑。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[17]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种做法看似合理，将解除制裁与和平进程联系起来，实则是一种政治策略。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 696, "txt": "这种做法看似合理，将解除制裁与和平进程联系起来，实则是一种政治策略。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[17]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一方面，以和平协议为卖点，争取部分国会议员的支持；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 698, "txt": "一方面，以和平协议为卖点，争取部分国会议员的支持；", "x": 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"position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 127, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1tCrCC4sUMJ924s9bA3gT7JP.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[19]/span/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "自2月12日特朗普与普京通话以后，美俄密集展开过两轮谈判：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 703, "txt": "自2月12日特朗普与普京通话以后，美俄密集展开过两轮谈判：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[20]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第一轮（2月18日，利雅得）：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 705, "txt": "第一轮（2月18日，利雅得）：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[21]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国国务卿卢比奥提出“三步走”方案——俄罗斯撤出乌东四州、美国放松能源制裁、双方成立合资企业开发乌克兰资源。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 707, "txt": "美国国务卿卢比奥提出“三步走”方案——俄罗斯撤出乌东四州、美国放松能源制裁、双方成立合资企业开发乌克兰资源。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[21]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一方案看似公平合理，实则暗藏玄机。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 708, "txt": "这一方案看似公平合理，实则暗藏玄机。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[21]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "俄罗斯撤出乌东四州是美国一直以来的诉求，但放松能源制裁只是部分条件，且双方成立合资企业开发乌克兰资源，美国无疑想从中获取巨大的经济利益。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 709, "txt": "俄罗斯撤出乌东四州是美国一直以来的诉求，但放松能源制裁只是部分条件，且双方成立合资企业开发乌克兰资源，美国无疑想从中获取巨大的经济利益。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[21]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "乌克兰在这种大国博弈中，完全被当成了交易的筹码，其自身的意愿和主权被严重忽视。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 710, "txt": "乌克兰在这种大国博弈中，完全被当成了交易的筹码，其自身的意愿和主权被严重忽视。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[21]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二轮（2月27日，伊斯坦布尔）：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 712, "txt": "第二轮（2月27日，伊斯坦布尔）：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[22]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "俄方要求美国解除对俄铝业、石油服务及180艘“影子舰队”油轮的制裁，作为停火前提。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 714, "txt": "俄方要求美国解除对俄铝业、石油服务及180艘“影子舰队”油轮的制裁，作为停火前提。", "x": 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[{"position_id": 717, "txt": "同时，“影子舰队”油轮对于俄罗斯的能源出口至关重要，是其在制裁下维持能源贸易的重要手段，解除对这些油轮的制裁，能进一步保障俄罗斯的能源出口渠道。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[22]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "双方博弈焦点集中在顿巴斯地区归属：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 719, "txt": "双方博弈焦点集中在顿巴斯地区归属：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[23]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "俄罗斯：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 721, "txt": "俄罗斯：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[24]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "要求美国承认其对乌东四州的控制权，并支持开发该地区稀土矿。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 723, "txt": "要求美国承认其对乌东四州的控制权，并支持开发该地区稀土矿。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[24]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于俄罗斯来说，乌东四州不仅具有重要的地缘战略意义，是其西部安全的重要屏障，而且顿巴斯地区丰富的稀土资源对于俄罗斯未来的经济发展和科技进步也至关重要。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 724, "txt": "对于俄罗斯来说，乌东四州不仅具有重要的地缘战略意义，是其西部安全的重要屏障，而且顿巴斯地区丰富的稀土资源对于俄罗斯未来的经济发展和科技进步也至关重要。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[24]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "承认其控制权，是俄罗斯在这场博弈中的核心诉求之一。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 725, "txt": "承认其控制权，是俄罗斯在这场博弈中的核心诉求之一。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[24]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 727, "txt": "美国：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[25]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "试图以“高度自治”模糊主权问题，换取俄罗斯开放油气田供美企开发。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 729, "txt": "试图以“高度自治”模糊主权问题，换取俄罗斯开放油气田供美企开发。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[25]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国这种做法，既不想完全得罪俄罗斯，又想在乌克兰问题上获取利益。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 730, "txt": "美国这种做法，既不想完全得罪俄罗斯，又想在乌克兰问题上获取利益。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[25]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“高度自治”看似给予了乌克兰一定的自主权，但实际上是在主权问题上做文章，为自己获取俄罗斯油气田开发权创造条件。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 731, "txt": "“高度自治”看似给予了乌克兰一定的自主权，但实际上是在主权问题上做文章，为自己获取俄罗斯油气田开发权创造条件。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[25]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这场交易的本质，是将乌克兰领土作为大国博弈的筹码。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 732, "txt": "这场交易的本质，是将乌克兰领土作为大国博弈的筹码。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[25]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "正如俄外长拉夫罗夫所言：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 733, "txt": "正如俄外长拉夫罗夫所言：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[25]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“我们需要清理拜登政府留下的烂摊子，重建基于现实利益的世界秩序。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 734, "txt": "“我们需要清理拜登政府留下的烂摊子，重建基于现实利益的世界秩序。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[25]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/36zRtW11gf4j36hJ1S4AYbiP.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 153, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/36zRtW11gf4j36hJ1S4AYbiP.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2025年2月18日，美俄代表在沙特会谈现场/路透社报道图", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 736, "txt": "2025年2月18日，美俄代表在沙特会谈现场/路透社报道图", "x": 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["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "能源自主vs美国优先", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 773, "txt": "能源自主vs美国优先", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[37]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美欧分歧根植于利益冲突：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 775, "txt": "美欧分歧根植于利益冲突：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[38]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 777, "txt": "美国：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[39]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": 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"/html/body/section/div[2]/div/article/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "喜欢 (0)", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 166, "txt": "喜欢 (", "x": "/html/body/section/div[2]/div/article/div[2]/a/i"}, {"position_id": 168, "txt": "0", "x": "/html/body/section/div[2]/div/article/div[2]/a/span"}, {"position_id": 170, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/section/div[2]/div/article/div[2]/a/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 2月18日，星期二，在这里每天60秒读懂世界！
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税收争议解决", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 631, "txt": "5.2 税收争议解决", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[62]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "相互协商程序（MAP）：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 633, "txt": "相互协商程序（MAP）：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[63]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 104, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "可申请解决双重征税或歧视待遇问题，时限通常为24个月。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 634, "txt": "可申请解决双重征税或歧视待遇问题，时限通常为24个月。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[63]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 104, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第六章税收风险提示", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 636, "txt": 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第一章巴林概况及投资环境 ### 1.1 国家概况 ### 1.2 投资环境 ## 第二章巴林税收制度 ### 2.1 税制概览 ### 2.2 企业所得税（CIT） ### 2.3 增值税（VAT） ### 2.4 消费税（Excise Tax） ### 2.5 其他税费 ### 2.6 COVID-19税收政策 ## 第三章税收征管制度 ### 3.1 税务管理机构 ### 3.2 纳税人义务 ### 3.3 非居民税收管理 ## 第四章特别纳税调整政策 ### 4.1 关联交易监管 ### 4.2 反避税措施 ## 第五章中巴税收协定 ### 5.1 协定核心内容 ### 5.2 税收争议解决 ## 第六章税收风险提示 ### 6.1 合规风险 ### 6.2 调查风险 ### 6.3 协定滥用风险 ## 总结建议
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Alternatives ### Individual Scoring ### Embedding-based Sorting ## Optimization ### Smart Batch Selection ### Using Confidence Intervals ## Conclusion
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", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1701, "txt": " Most importantly, as they’ve tackled the inevitable challenges of building a vertical integrator in the massive, critically important power market, their ambition has only grown. 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I’m betting, is how you build America’s Power Company.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[5]/div[2]/div/p[335]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 454, "global_sentence_id": 1074, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " But it’s going to take a lot of work.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3429, "txt": " But it’s going to take a lot of work.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[5]/div[2]/div/p[335]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 454, "global_sentence_id": 1075, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Join ‘em.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3430, "txt": " ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[5]/div[2]/div/p[335]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3432, "txt": "Join ‘em", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[5]/div[2]/div/p[335]/a"}, {"position_id": 3434, "txt": 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## Base Power Company: Chapter Two ### The Generational American Electric Company Thesis ### The House ### The Operating System for Electricity ### How to Build the Base Layer ### Growth ### Manufacturing ### A Note on the Turtle ### Deployment ### Software ### Expansion ### America’s Next-Generation Power Company
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"https://www.kaggle.com/models/fdfyaytkt/vruid-aaai-dakiet/PyTorch/figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.104, 0.462, 0.458, 0.468], [0.104, 0.476, 0.246, 0.485]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Introduction", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 900000, "bbox": [[0.229, 0.505, 0.335, 0.516]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Document structure parsing is essential for visually rich document understanding, enabling applications such as in-formation retrieval and document summarization (Xu et al.2020).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.087, 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["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The AAAI-25 Visually-Rich Document (VRD-IU) Leader-board task involves predicting parent-child relationships among detected entities in mining reports.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.105, 0.621, 0.48, 0.628], [0.087, 0.635, 0.476, 0.644], [0.087, 0.652, 0.382, 0.658]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "introduction", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This problem is challenging due to scanned and inconsistently structured documents, necessitating inference from spatial and contex-tual cues.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.382, 0.652, 0.47, 0.657], [0.09, 0.664, 0.478, 0.671], [0.087, 0.677, 0.479, 0.684], [0.087, 0.692, 0.151, 0.698]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "introduction", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Performance is evaluated using accuracy.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.692, 0.423, 0.698]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "introduction", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this paper, we present our solution, which ranked first in the competition.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.104, 0.704, 0.48, 0.713], [0.087, 0.718, 0.215, 0.727]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "introduction", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We combines large margin loss for im-proved feature discrimination with heuristic greedy algo-rithms for efficient hierarchical assignment.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.215, 0.718, 0.475, 0.726], [0.087, 0.734, 0.478, 0.739], [0.088, 0.747, 0.375, 0.754]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "introduction", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Method details our approach, Experiments presents experimental results,and Conclusion section concludes with insights and future directions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.375, 0.747, 0.478, 0.754], [0.087, 0.762, 0.48, 0.769], [0.087, 0.776, 0.476, 0.782], [0.087, 0.787, 0.158, 0.796]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "introduction", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Related Work", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.224, 0.813, 0.341, 0.824]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Documents inherently exhibit a hierarchical structure, where parent-child relationships are fundamental across various", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1200000, "bbox": [[0.087, 0.831, 0.477, 0.84], [0.087, 0.848, 0.476, 0.854]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Copyright $C$ 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.086, 0.864, 0.48, 0.889]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "All rights reserved.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.086, 0.864, 0.48, 0.889]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "formats, such as figure-caption and section-paragraph asso-ciations in reports (Ding, Lee, and Han 2024).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.277, 0.911, 0.284], [0.521, 0.292, 0.837, 0.299]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Accurately modeling these relationships is crucial for document struc-ture parsing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.837, 0.292, 0.91, 0.301], [0.522, 0.307, 0.913, 0.31], [0.521, 0.32, 0.609, 0.327]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Prior works such as DocStruct (Wang et al.2020),SERA (Zhang et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.609, 0.32, 0.912, 0.327], [0.521, 0.331, 0.694, 0.341]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2021), and KVPFormer (Hu et al.2023) have significantly contributed to this task by leverag-ing deep learning models for entity linking.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.694, 0.331, 0.913, 0.341], [0.521, 0.345, 0.911, 0.355], [0.522, 0.36, 0.81, 0.368]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, these methods rely on conventional distance metrics,which may struggle to differentiate entities with highly similar feature representations (Duong and Gomez-Krämer 2025b).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.81, 0.36, 0.91, 0.367], [0.522, 0.375, 0.91, 0.383], [0.522, 0.389, 0.911, 0.395], [0.521, 0.403, 0.863, 0.409]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Recent advancements in matching take inspiration from CLIP (Radford et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.52, 0.415, 0.913, 0.553]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2021), instead of cross-modal learn-ing between text and images, document structure parsing deals with entities of the same modality.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.52, 0.415, 0.913, 0.553]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, we also need feature representations for child $fc$ and for parent $fp$.In terms of feature separation, large margin loss functions such as LMCot (Duong, Nguyen, and Truong 2022), Arc-Face (Deng et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.52, 0.415, 0.913, 0.553]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2019), and NormFace (Wang et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.52, 0.415, 0.913, 0.553]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2017)improve feature extraction by enforcing larger inter-class separability while maintaining intra-class compactness.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.52, 0.415, 0.913, 0.553]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Beyond deep learning-based approaches, heuristic rules and greedy algorithms have proven effective in competitive settings(Duong and Gomez-Krämer 2025a).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.538, 0.553, 0.91, 0.562], [0.521, 0.569, 0.911, 0.576], [0.522, 0.583, 0.81, 0.589]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the next sec-tion, we detail our integration of large margin loss for match-ing and the heuristic rules applied in the competition.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.81, 0.583, 0.911, 0.587], [0.522, 0.597, 0.911, 0.601], [0.524, 0.61, 0.87, 0.617]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Method", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.684, 0.636, 0.748, 0.646]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "In this section we introduce our loss function with improve-ments from large margin loss.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1700000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.655, 0.913, 0.664], [0.522, 0.672, 0.722, 0.677]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "And then the heuristic rules we observed to increase the performance of the model.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1700000, "bbox": [[0.722, 0.672, 0.911, 0.678], [0.522, 0.684, 0.879, 0.691]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Margin loss for matching", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.708, 0.713, 0.719]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Starting with the loss function in CLIP (Radford et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.727, 0.868, 0.735]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2021):", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.868, 0.727, 0.913, 0.735]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$L_{\\mathrm {CLIP}}=-\\frac {1}{N_{c}}\\sum _{i=1}^{N}\\log \\frac {e^{fc_{i}xfp_{y_{i}}^{T}}}{\\sum _{j=1}^{N_{p}}e^{fc_{i}xfp_{j}^{T}}}\\tag{1}$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2000000, "bbox": [[0.603, 0.747, 0.913, 0.799]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "where$N_{c}$and$N_{p}$denote the number of child entities re-quiring a parent and the number of potential parent entities,respectively.The feature representations of child and parent entities are denoted as$c_{i}$and $fp_{i}$i, where $i$ is the index of the entity.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.52, 0.806, 0.913, 0.888]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The term fpt, corresponds to the feature of the actual parent of the $i$-th child entity, where $y_{i}$ indicates its", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.52, 0.806, 0.913, 0.888]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "parent's index.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.087, 0.074, 0.189, 0.08]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In other words, the numerator captures the similarity between a child and its correct parent, while the denominator sums over all potential parent entities.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.189, 0.074, 0.476, 0.081], [0.088, 0.088, 0.475, 0.094], [0.087, 0.1, 0.423, 0.108]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Then we can reformulate the equation 1 as:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.105, 0.114, 0.387, 0.122]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$L_{\\mathrm {CLIP}}=-\\frac {1}{N_{c}}\\sum _{i=1}^{N}\\log \\frac {e^{s\\left\\\|fc_{i}\\right\\\|\\left\\\|fp_{y_{i}}^{T}\\right\\\|\\cos \\left(\\theta _{i,y_{i}}\\right)}}{\\sum _{j=1}^{N_{p}}e^{s\\left\\\|fc_{i}\\right\\\|\\left\\\|fp_{j}^{T}\\right\\\|\\cos \\left(\\theta _{i,j}\\right)}}\\tag{2}$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.132, 0.131, 0.48, 0.184]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "where$\\theta _{i,j}$is the angle between the child feature vector$fc_{i}$and the parent feature vector$fp_{j}.$Ascaling factor $S$ is then introduced to restore the magnitude after normalization.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.086, 0.189, 0.48, 0.229]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Following NormFace (Wang et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.086, 0.232, 0.48, 0.328]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2017), we normalize the feature vectors so that$\\left\\\|fc_{i}\\right\\\|=\\left\\\|fp_{j}\\right\\\|=1$for all $i,j$.Building upon ArcFace (Deng et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.086, 0.232, 0.48, 0.328]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2019), we further in-troduce a margin parameter $m$, which strengthens the re-lationship between parent-child pairs while increasing the separation between unrelated entities.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.086, 0.232, 0.48, 0.328]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By this way, the loss function is rewritten as:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.086, 0.232, 0.48, 0.328]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$L_{\\text {matching}}=-\\frac {1}{N_{c}}\\sum _{i=1}^{N}\\log \\frac {e^{sx\\cos \\left(\\theta _{i,y_{i}}+m\\right)}}{e^{sx\\cos \\left(\\theta _{i,y_{i}}+m\\right)}+\\sum _{j=1,j\\neq i}^{N_{p}}e^{sx\\cos \\left(\\theta _{i,j}\\right)}}$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.087, 0.343, 0.479, 0.398]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(3)", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.462, 0.397, 0.478, 0.407]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, we effectively incorporate advancements in large margin cosine loss into feature matchinglearning.With this loss function, the feature extraction process is optimized such that, even with the margin parameter $m$,features of re-lated parent-child entities remain closer in the learned space compared to unrelated ones.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.41, 0.48, 0.518]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This encourages the model to form more discriminative representations, enhancing the ac-curacy of hierarchical relationship inference.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.41, 0.48, 0.518]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Greedy algorithms", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.087, 0.532, 0.23, 0.542]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "In addition to the loss function introduced earlier, we identified several structural patterns that improve both the accuracy and computational efficiency of our approach.These heuristics allow for a more efficient assignment of parent-child relationships, reducing the need for exhaustive pairwise comparisons.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.087, 0.551, 0.477, 0.559], [0.087, 0.565, 0.476, 0.572], [0.087, 0.581, 0.48, 0.592], [0.088, 0.592, 0.478, 0.6], [0.087, 0.608, 0.477, 0.614], [0.087, 0.621, 0.239, 0.628]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "First, entities belonging to specific categories never have a parent, including: abstract,appendix_list, cross, figure, form_title,list_of_figures, list_of_tables, other,references, report_title, section, summary,table,table_of_contents,andtitle.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.239, 0.621, 0.478, 0.628], 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"global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By enforcing these structured dependencies, we further im-prove the accuracy of entity relationship prediction while maintaining computational efficiency.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.161, 0.91, 0.17], [0.521, 0.177, 0.911, 0.184], [0.522, 0.19, 0.77, 0.197]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Experiments", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.663, 0.215, 0.769, 0.225]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "In this section, we present the competition dataset, our im-plementation, and the archived results of the competition.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.234, 0.911, 0.242], [0.521, 0.25, 0.896, 0.256]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Dataset", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.273, 0.579, 0.282]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The dataset contains 571 training, 165 validation, and 81test documents.Labels are provided only for the training set,while the validation and test sets are used for the public and private leaderboards.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.522, 0.291, 0.909, 0.3], [0.521, 0.306, 0.912, 0.314], [0.522, 0.319, 0.91, 0.327], 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1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.685, 0.444, 0.91, 0.453], [0.521, 0.461, 0.91, 0.467], [0.521, 0.472, 0.676, 0.48]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Two separate encoders, each with a 512-dimensional output, are used to extract features for par-ent and child entities.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.676, 0.472, 0.911, 0.481], [0.521, 0.485, 0.912, 0.492], [0.521, 0.501, 0.662, 0.508]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Results", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.524, 0.577, 0.533]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Due to time constraints in the competition, we were unable to conduct extensive experiments on alternative methods or additional datasets.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.542, 0.911, 0.551], [0.521, 0.557, 0.911, 0.565], [0.521, 0.572, 0.653, 0.579]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 1 presents the main results ob-tained on the competition dataset, evaluated on the valida-tion set and test set.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.653, 0.572, 0.911, 0.576], [0.521, 0.585, 0.912, 0.59], [0.521, 0.599, 0.65, 0.607]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": 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heuristic-based greedy algorithms.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.753, 0.91, 0.762], [0.522, 0.77, 0.909, 0.776], [0.522, 0.781, 0.757, 0.789]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our method enhances feature discrimination while efficiently capturing hierar-chical relationships.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.757, 0.781, 0.911, 0.79], [0.522, 0.795, 0.912, 0.801], [0.521, 0.809, 0.656, 0.816]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The results demonstrate the effective-ness of integrating deep learning with rule-based refine-ments, achieving state-of-the-art performance in the AAAI-25 VRD-IU challenge.", 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"position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.825, 0.416, 0.908, 0.43], [0.113, 0.441, 0.706, 0.452]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.112, 0.952, 0.913, 0.965]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "PDF"}	# “对等关税”对中国工程机械行业的影响 ## 特朗普政府“对等关税”政策以基准关税叠加额外关税的组合模式正式落地。 ## 近年来中国工程机械产品出口金额保持增长，其中“一带一路”沿线国家出口表现突出，对美出口份额下降。目前中国工程机械企业对美敞口有限，整体风险可控。 ## 美国本土企业或将受益，同时可能加剧工程机械行业的全球竞争。中国工程机械企业进行海外产能布局及新兴市场拓展，能有效分散风险。 ## 短期压力与长期机遇并存。
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force ISPs to offer 100Mbps plans for $15 a month ## Several states consider price requirements
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[{"position_id": 1199, "txt": "✅想了解更多数据细节、数据引用、", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/blockquote/section/section/span/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1201, "txt": "产品收录、", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/blockquote/section/section/span/span[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 1203, "txt": "文章转载，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/blockquote/section/section/span/span[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 1205, "txt": "请添加客户经理微信：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/blockquote/section/section/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 177, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "AIRankserv", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1207, "txt": "AIRankserv", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/blockquote/section/section/span/span[3]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 177, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": 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【快看】2024年AI产品百强榜单终于发布！！ ## 丨AI产品榜的构成丨 ## 丨‍10月TOP100产品丨 ## 丨10月AI产品榜分析丨 ### 📣【省流版】 ## 丨百度文心重夺榜首丨 ## 丨4千万访问的百度翻译还在增长丨 ## 丨豆包调低投放力度丨 ## 丨聊天机器人·Kimi延续强势增长丨 ## 丨聊天机器人·讯飞星火全新升级丨 ## 丨办公·微信输入法强势启动丨 ## 丨办公·Wordvice你没听过的小而美丨 ## 丨图像·美图强势产品矩阵吸睛丨 ## 丨图像·哩布哩布画师的开心乐园丨 ## 丨其它产品看点丨 ## 丨总结：收缩战线，凝聚战力丨
745c2257-6bd9-4c2c-b0ca-a2b83d4b91ad	web	test/raw_web_htmls/745c2257-6bd9-4c2c-b0ca-a2b83d4b91ad.html	https://36kr.com/p/3219967011490689	{"entry_id": "745c2257-6bd9-4c2c-b0ca-a2b83d4b91ad", "infos": [{"txt": "大神卡帕西亲自演绎零基础开发APP，ChatGPT四轮对话搞定，一小时即在手机运行", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "大神卡帕西亲自演绎零基础开发APP，ChatGPT四轮对话搞定，一小时即在手机运行", "x": "//h1[contains(@class, \"article-title\")]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "大神卡帕西亲自演绎零基础开发APP，ChatGPT四轮对话搞定，一小时即在手机运行", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 331, "txt": "大神卡帕西亲自演绎零基础开发APP，ChatGPT四轮对话搞定，一小时即在手机运行", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "量子位·2025年03月24日 18:19", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": 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{"position_id": 368, "txt": "启动应用程序", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[8]/strong"}, {"position_id": 370, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[8]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "「你能带我编写第一个iOS应用程序吗？」", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 372, "txt": "「你能带我编写第一个iOS应用程序吗？」", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "ChatGPT显示介绍了四个基本步骤：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 373, "txt": "ChatGPT显示介绍了四个基本步骤：", "x": 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"/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "运行APP。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 377, "txt": "运行APP。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1ExYkI3q8HpM48E4OW2mzmHL.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 277, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1ExYkI3q8HpM48E4OW2mzmHL.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[10]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "随后，卡帕西告诉了ChatGPT他的需求：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 379, "txt": "随后，卡帕西告诉了ChatGPT他的需求：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一个用来减肥跟踪的APP；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 381, "txt": "一个用来减肥跟踪的APP；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "希望APP能显示一个计时器，但其单位是因时间流逝而 “免费 ”消耗的卡路里。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 382, "txt": "希望APP能显示一个计时器，但其单位是因时间流逝而 “免费 ”消耗的卡路里。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这将是屏幕中央大数字显示的主要内容。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 383, "txt": "这将是屏幕中央大数字显示的主要内容。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如取 2000卡路里，除以24/60/60", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 384, "txt": "比如取 2000卡路里，除以24/60/60", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 得出每秒消耗的卡路里，然后每秒更新一次我目前已经消耗的卡路里。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 385, "txt": " 得出每秒消耗的卡路里，然后每秒更新一次我目前已经消耗的卡路里。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以及一些具体的要求：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 387, "txt": "以及一些具体的要求：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "增加 2 个按钮，一个按钮是+100，另一个是-100。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 389, "txt": "增加 2 个按钮，一个按钮是+100，另一个是-100。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "翻转计时器的方向", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 391, "txt": "翻转计时器的方向", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[14]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "颜色：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 393, "txt": "颜色：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "+100 显示为红色，-100为绿色。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 394, "txt": "+100 显示为红色，-100为绿色。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "-当前的千卡数也用颜色表示：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 395, "txt": "-当前的千卡数也用颜色表示：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "红色表示不好（过剩），绿色表示好（不足）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 396, "txt": "红色表示不好（过剩），绿色表示好（不足）。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/PdtRvco7xu43aMctRdJC7.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 286, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/PdtRvco7xu43aMctRdJC7.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[16]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "整个编写过程中他还遇到了一些问题，也都通通抛给ChatGPT解决。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 398, "txt": "整个编写过程中他还遇到了一些问题，也都通通抛给ChatGPT解决。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4wq7lw244gaB1lY5su17Sayv.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 289, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4wq7lw244gaB1lY5su17Sayv.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[18]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2QrIkXMSa8yKFKzbxpmqM.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 291, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2QrIkXMSa8yKFKzbxpmqM.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[19]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "第二步，增强。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 400, "txt": "第二步，增强", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[20]/strong"}, {"position_id": 402, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[20]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在原有基础上增添一些功能以及一些小小改动（调整字体大小啥的）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 403, "txt": "在原有基础上增添一些功能以及一些小小改动（调整字体大小啥的）。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[20]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "ChatGPT也给出了一些建议，比如卡路里动态运行图、小工具集成等等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 405, "txt": "ChatGPT也给出了一些建议，比如卡路里动态运行图、小工具集成等等。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/26v34d4kblwp4qWJyu20XfR5.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 296, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/26v34d4kblwp4qWJyu20XfR5.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[22]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "第三步，添加App Storage。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 407, "txt": "第三步，添加App Storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[23]/strong"}, {"position_id": 409, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[23]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "接下来，其实卡帕西自己也不会知道要做啥了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 411, "txt": "接下来，其实卡帕西自己也不会知道要做啥了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在ChatGPT建议之下增加了暗黑模式、AppStorage。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 412, "txt": "在ChatGPT建议之下增加了暗黑模式、AppStorage。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2LACk51SByne1LhSr3mONrz.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 301, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2LACk51SByne1LhSr3mONrz.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[25]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "基本功能差不多之后，最后就是部署到手机。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 414, "txt": "基本功能差不多之后，最后就是", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[26]"}, {"position_id": 416, "txt": "部署到手机", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[26]/strong"}, {"position_id": 418, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[26]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3C3twKNYMo54kNzqJFYiZ1.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 305, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3C3twKNYMo54kNzqJFYiZ1.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[27]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "从想法到运行整个过程只需一小时搞定，而且中间的创意也都是ChatGPT来提供。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 420, "txt": "从想法到运行整个过程", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[28]"}, {"position_id": 422, "txt": "只需一小时", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[28]/strong"}, {"position_id": 424, "txt": "搞定，而且中间的创意也都是ChatGPT来提供。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[28]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "卡帕西所做的是就是开头一个想法，剩下就是在ChatGPT手把手教导下一步步完成。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 426, "txt": "卡帕西所做的是就是开头一个想法，剩下就是在ChatGPT手把手教导下一步步完成。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然后又在第二天，他想进一步更新一些功能，也通通用ChatGPT搞定了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 428, "txt": "然后又在第二天，他想进一步更新一些功能，也通通用ChatGPT搞定了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[30]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/iapNa3scoBo1glbco3O6P4d.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 311, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/iapNa3scoBo1glbco3O6P4d.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[31]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "比如添加一个漂亮的动画圆环，在底部用圆圈显示脂肪磅数等等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 430, "txt": "比如添加一个漂亮的动画圆环，在底部用圆圈显示脂肪磅数等等。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[32]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3aJVuDqoAGb2tjiwr2z27o7.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 314, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3aJVuDqoAGb2tjiwr2z27o7.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[33]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "又在不久之前，卡帕西再一次更新这项目的进展（说是最后一次与ChatGPT的对话）：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 432, "txt": "又在不久之前，卡帕西再一次更新这项目的进展（说是最后一次与ChatGPT的对话）：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[34]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "添加小日志并隐藏 BMR。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 434, "txt": "添加小日志并隐藏 BMR。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2kmFVUnbdKR2ljBn816u5ft.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 318, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2kmFVUnbdKR2ljBn816u5ft.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[36]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "应用程序现在有400行代码，速度开始变慢，功能也越来越复杂。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 436, "txt": "应用程序现在有400行代码，速度开始变慢，功能也越来越复杂。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "接下来他考虑要么将 ChatGPT 连接到 Xcode，要么连接到 Cursor 进行进一步开发。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 437, "txt": "接下来他考虑要么将 ChatGPT 连接到 Xcode，要么连接到 Cursor 进行进一步开发。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2jeSIV4kZYmIA39PX2GaWfG.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 321, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2jeSIV4kZYmIA39PX2GaWfG.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[38]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "然后，再看看能不能放到APP Store上。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 439, "txt": "然后，再看看能不能放到APP Store上。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "好好好，感觉可以跟着卡帕西干起来了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 441, "txt": "好好好，感觉可以跟着卡帕西干起来了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[40]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2haCO44lum8c3BJOna4eFXzy.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 325, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2haCO44lum8c3BJOna4eFXzy.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[41]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "参考链接：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 443, "txt": "参考链接：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[42]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://x.com/karpathy/status/1903891179370123559", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 444, "txt": "https://x.com/karpathy/status/1903891179370123559", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[42]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 大神卡帕西亲自演绎零基础开发APP，ChatGPT四轮对话搞定，一小时即在手机运行 ## 卡帕西：我用ChatGPT编写了iOS应用
755b67ad-df4d-4137-b18f-f0b5a5f1c120	web	test/raw_web_htmls/755b67ad-df4d-4137-b18f-f0b5a5f1c120.html	https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Ja3QiczRyC5ENiZxwuyK6g	{"entry_id": "755b67ad-df4d-4137-b18f-f0b5a5f1c120", "infos": [{"txt": "全球化UI设计｜全网最全小语种出海产品设计干货", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "全球化UI设计｜全网最全小语种出海产品设计干货", "x": ""}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 全球化UI设计｜全网最全小语种出海产品设计干货 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 526, "txt": "\n \n全球化UI设计｜全网最全小语种出海产品设计干货\n ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "本文授权转自：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 528, "txt": "本", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[1]/span[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 530, "txt": "文授权转自：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[1]/span[2]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "source", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Clip设计夹 ID：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 531, "txt": "Clip设计夹 ID：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[1]/span[2]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "source", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "（ClipppDesign）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 532, "txt": "（", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[1]/span[2]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 534, "txt": "ClipppDesign）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[1]/span[2]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "source", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "随着TikTok的海外关注度和影响力逐渐扩展、小红书在海外友人的媒体圈炙手可热，国内的互联网市场逐渐趋于饱和，互联网产品纷纷向东南亚、非洲、拉丁美洲、欧洲扩展商业版图，这也为UI设计师创造了新的机遇。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 536, "txt": "随着TikTok的海外关注度和影响力逐渐扩展、小红书在海外友人的媒体圈炙手可热，国内的互联网市场逐渐趋于饱和，互联网产品纷纷向东南亚、非洲、拉丁美洲、欧洲扩展商业版图，这也为UI设计师创造了新的机遇。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[2]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "对于出海产品而言，UI设计师需要有基础的语言文化了解，在此基础上去进行设计才能真正满足海外用户的需求，本文主要从UI的文字、图标、色彩等几个角度来拆解设计师在设计海外项目时需要注意的关键点，避免因为文化习俗差异而影响产品的易用性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 538, "txt": "对于出海产品而言，UI设计师需要有基础的", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[3]/span/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 540, "txt": "语言文化了解", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[3]/span/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 542, "txt": "，在此基础上去进行设计才能真正满足海外用户的需求，本文主要从UI的", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[3]/span/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 544, "txt": "文字、图标、色彩", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[3]/span/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 546, "txt": "等几个角度来拆解设计师在设计海外项目时需要注意的关键点，避免因为文化习俗差异而影响产品的易用性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[3]/span/span[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4AA7KZ1uw3Z12uoibV1sPnmw.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 81, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4AA7KZ1uw3Z12uoibV1sPnmw.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/section[1]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 7, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "目录：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 548, "txt": "目录：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[4]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1.小语种文字：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 550, "txt": "1.小语种文字：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[5]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "超长文本的处理规则、镜像语言、小语种适配检视技巧", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 551, "txt": "超长文本的处理规则、镜像语言、小语种适配检视技巧", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[5]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "catalog", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2.图标：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 553, "txt": "2.图标：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[6]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], 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"禁忌图标、禁忌手势、禁忌物品、禁忌动物", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 559, "txt": "禁忌图标、禁忌手势、禁忌物品、禁忌动物", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[8]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "catalog", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "5.交互手势", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 561, "txt": "5.交互手势", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[9]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "小语种文字", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 563, "txt": "小语种文字", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[10]/span[3]/strong/span/span/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "① 超长文本的处理规则", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 565, "txt": "① 超长文本的处理规则", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[11]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当在某些语种下出现界面用语超长显示不完整的情况，应按照如下优先级进行处理：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 567, "txt": "当在某些语种下出现界面用语超长显示不完整的情况，应按照如下优先级进行处理：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[12]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "（1）精简界面用语", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 569, "txt": "（1）精简界面用语", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[13]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在保证可理解的前提下，考虑对该语言的翻译进一步精简，采用其他较短的近义词或者精简表达，如“save number”在界面用语超长时应精简为“save”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 571, "txt": "在保证可理解的前提下，考虑对该语言的翻译进一步精简，采用其他较短的近义词或者精简表达，如“save number”在界面用语超长时应精简为“save”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[14]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "（2）动态布局", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 573, "txt": "（2）动态布局", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[15]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当控件周围没有其他控件冲突时，控件可根据界面用语长度动态扩展，如按钮。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 575, "txt": "当控件周围没有其他控件冲突时，控件可根据界面用语长度动态扩展，如按钮。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[16]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "（3）缩小文字", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 577, "txt": "（3）缩小文字", "x": 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64159fe5-2c4c-4fc3-965c-9856cc912105	web	test/raw_web_htmls/64159fe5-2c4c-4fc3-965c-9856cc912105.html	https://docs.plasmo.com/framework/storage	{"entry_id": "64159fe5-2c4c-4fc3-965c-9856cc912105", "infos": [{"txt": "Storage API", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "Storage API", "x": "//title"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Framework", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 878, "txt": "Framework", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[1]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Storage", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 880, "txt": "Storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[1]/div[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Storage API", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 882, "txt": "Storage API", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "@plasmohq/storage is a utility library from plasmo (opens in a new tab) that abstracts the persistent storage API available to browser extensions.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 884, "txt": "@plasmohq/storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[1]/code"}, {"position_id": 886, "txt": " is a utility library from ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[1]/code"}, {"position_id": 888, "txt": "plasmo", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[1]/a"}, {"position_id": 890, "txt": " (opens in a new tab)", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[1]/a/span"}, {"position_id": 892, "txt": " that abstracts the persistent storage API available to browser extensions.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": " It falls back to localStorage when the extension storage API is unavailable, allowing for state sync between extension pages, content scripts, background service workers and web pages.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 893, "txt": " It falls back to localStorage when the extension storage API is unavailable, allowing for state sync between extension pages, content scripts, background service workers and web pages.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This library will enable the storage permission automatically if used as a dependencies in a Plasmo framework (opens in a new tab) project", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 895, "txt": 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Installation", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 911, "txt": "Installation", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/h2[1]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 7, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "pnpm install@plasmohq/storage", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 913, "txt": "pnpm ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[2]/pre/code/span/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 915, "txt": "install", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[2]/pre/code/span/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 917, "txt": "@plasmohq/storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[2]/pre/code/span/span[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The package exports the following modules, in both ESM and CJS format:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 919, "txt": "The package exports the following modules, in both ESM and CJS format:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<table <table class=\"nx-block nx-overflow-x-scroll nextra-scrollbar nx-mt-6 nx-p-0 first:nx-mt-0\" position_id=\"79\"><thead position_id=\"80\"><tr class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border-t nx-border-gray-300 nx-p-0 dark:nx-border-gray-600 even:nx-bg-gray-100 even:dark:nx-bg-gray-600/20\" position_id=\"81\"><th class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 nx-font-semibold dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"82\">Modules</th><th class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 nx-font-semibold dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"83\">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody position_id=\"84\"><tr class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border-t nx-border-gray-300 nx-p-0 dark:nx-border-gray-600 even:nx-bg-gray-100 even:dark:nx-bg-gray-600/20\" position_id=\"85\"><td class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"86\"><code class=\"nx-border-black nx-border-opacity-[0.04] nx-bg-opacity-[0.03] nx-bg-black nx-break-words nx-rounded-md nx-border nx-py-0.5 nx-px-[.25em] nx-text-[.9em] dark:nx-border-white/10 dark:nx-bg-white/10\" dir=\"ltr\" position_id=\"87\">@plasmohq/storage</code></td><td class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"88\">The base <a class=\"nx-text-primary-600 nx-underline nx-decoration-from-font [text-underline-position:from-font]\" href=\"/framework/storage#storage\" position_id=\"89\">Storage API</a></td></tr><tr class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border-t nx-border-gray-300 nx-p-0 dark:nx-border-gray-600 even:nx-bg-gray-100 even:dark:nx-bg-gray-600/20\" position_id=\"90\"><td class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"91\"><code class=\"nx-border-black nx-border-opacity-[0.04] nx-bg-opacity-[0.03] nx-bg-black nx-break-words nx-rounded-md nx-border nx-py-0.5 nx-px-[.25em] nx-text-[.9em] dark:nx-border-white/10 dark:nx-bg-white/10\" dir=\"ltr\" position_id=\"92\">@plasmohq/storage/secure</code></td><td class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"93\">The <a class=\"nx-text-primary-600 nx-underline nx-decoration-from-font [text-underline-position:from-font]\" href=\"/framework/storage#secure-storage\" position_id=\"94\">SecureStorage API</a></td></tr><tr class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border-t nx-border-gray-300 nx-p-0 dark:nx-border-gray-600 even:nx-bg-gray-100 even:dark:nx-bg-gray-600/20\" position_id=\"95\"><td class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"96\"><code class=\"nx-border-black nx-border-opacity-[0.04] nx-bg-opacity-[0.03] nx-bg-black nx-break-words nx-rounded-md nx-border nx-py-0.5 nx-px-[.25em] nx-text-[.9em] dark:nx-border-white/10 dark:nx-bg-white/10\" dir=\"ltr\" position_id=\"97\">@plasmohq/storage/hook</code></td><td class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"98\">The <a class=\"nx-text-primary-600 nx-underline nx-decoration-from-font [text-underline-position:from-font]\" href=\"/framework/storage#react-hook-api\" position_id=\"99\">React Hook Storage API</a></td></tr></tbody></table>", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 79, "txt": "<table <table class=\"nx-block nx-overflow-x-scroll nextra-scrollbar nx-mt-6 nx-p-0 first:nx-mt-0\" position_id=\"79\"><thead position_id=\"80\"><tr class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border-t nx-border-gray-300 nx-p-0 dark:nx-border-gray-600 even:nx-bg-gray-100 even:dark:nx-bg-gray-600/20\" position_id=\"81\"><th class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 nx-font-semibold dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"82\">Modules</th><th class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 nx-font-semibold dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"83\">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody position_id=\"84\"><tr class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border-t nx-border-gray-300 nx-p-0 dark:nx-border-gray-600 even:nx-bg-gray-100 even:dark:nx-bg-gray-600/20\" position_id=\"85\"><td class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"86\"><code class=\"nx-border-black nx-border-opacity-[0.04] nx-bg-opacity-[0.03] nx-bg-black nx-break-words nx-rounded-md nx-border nx-py-0.5 nx-px-[.25em] nx-text-[.9em] dark:nx-border-white/10 dark:nx-bg-white/10\" dir=\"ltr\" position_id=\"87\">@plasmohq/storage</code></td><td class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"88\">The base <a class=\"nx-text-primary-600 nx-underline nx-decoration-from-font [text-underline-position:from-font]\" href=\"/framework/storage#storage\" position_id=\"89\">Storage API</a></td></tr><tr class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border-t nx-border-gray-300 nx-p-0 dark:nx-border-gray-600 even:nx-bg-gray-100 even:dark:nx-bg-gray-600/20\" position_id=\"90\"><td class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"91\"><code class=\"nx-border-black nx-border-opacity-[0.04] nx-bg-opacity-[0.03] nx-bg-black nx-break-words nx-rounded-md nx-border nx-py-0.5 nx-px-[.25em] nx-text-[.9em] dark:nx-border-white/10 dark:nx-bg-white/10\" dir=\"ltr\" position_id=\"92\">@plasmohq/storage/secure</code></td><td class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"93\">The <a class=\"nx-text-primary-600 nx-underline nx-decoration-from-font [text-underline-position:from-font]\" href=\"/framework/storage#secure-storage\" position_id=\"94\">SecureStorage API</a></td></tr><tr class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border-t nx-border-gray-300 nx-p-0 dark:nx-border-gray-600 even:nx-bg-gray-100 even:dark:nx-bg-gray-600/20\" position_id=\"95\"><td class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"96\"><code class=\"nx-border-black nx-border-opacity-[0.04] nx-bg-opacity-[0.03] nx-bg-black nx-break-words nx-rounded-md nx-border nx-py-0.5 nx-px-[.25em] nx-text-[.9em] dark:nx-border-white/10 dark:nx-bg-white/10\" dir=\"ltr\" position_id=\"97\">@plasmohq/storage/hook</code></td><td class=\"nx-m-0 nx-border nx-border-gray-300 nx-px-4 nx-py-2 dark:nx-border-gray-600\" align=\"left\" position_id=\"98\">The <a class=\"nx-text-primary-600 nx-underline nx-decoration-from-font [text-underline-position:from-font]\" href=\"/framework/storage#react-hook-api\" position_id=\"99\">React Hook Storage API</a></td></tr></tbody></table>", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/table"}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Usage Examples", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 921, "txt": "Usage Examples", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/h2[2]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "See with-storage (opens in a new tab) for an example of how to use this library to sync state between options and popups.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 923, "txt": "See ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/ul[1]/li[1]"}, {"position_id": 925, "txt": "with-storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/ul[1]/li[1]/a"}, {"position_id": 927, "txt": " (opens in a new tab)", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/ul[1]/li[1]/a/span"}, {"position_id": 929, "txt": " for an example of how to use this library to sync state between options and popups.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/ul[1]/li[1]/a"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "See with-redux (opens in a new tab) for an example of how to use this library as your Redux persistent layer (crucial for MV3).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 931, "txt": "See ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/ul[1]/li[2]"}, {"position_id": 933, "txt": "with-redux", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/ul[1]/li[2]/a"}, {"position_id": 935, "txt": " (opens in a new tab)", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/ul[1]/li[2]/a/span"}, {"position_id": 937, "txt": " for an example of how to use this library as your Redux persistent layer (crucial for MV3).", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/ul[1]/li[2]/a"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "See MICE (opens in a new tab) for an experimental use case of this library integrated with WebRTC to pipe messages between browsers via an extension.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 939, "txt": "See ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/ul[1]/li[3]"}, {"position_id": 941, "txt": "MICE", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/ul[1]/li[3]/a"}, {"position_id": 943, "txt": " (opens in a new tab)", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/ul[1]/li[3]/a/span"}, {"position_id": 945, "txt": " for an experimental use case of this library integrated with WebRTC to pipe messages between browsers via an extension.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/ul[1]/li[3]/a"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Storage", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 947, "txt": "Storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/h2[3]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "The base Storage API is designed to be easy to use.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 949, "txt": "The base Storage API is designed to be easy to use.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " It is usable in every extension runtime such as background service workers, content scripts and extension pages.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 950, "txt": " It is usable in every extension runtime such as background service workers, content scripts and extension pages.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Get/set data without the need to JSON.stringify/parse.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 952, "txt": "Get/set data without the need to JSON.stringify/parse.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " As long as the data you are storing is serializable (plain object or of primitive type), it can be stored:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 953, "txt": " As long as the data you are storing is serializable (plain object or of primitive type), it can be stored:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "import { Storage } from\"@plasmohq/storage\"conststorage=newStorage()awaitstorage.set(\"key\",\"value\")constdata=awaitstorage.get(\"key\") // \"value\"awaitstorage.set(\"capt\", { color:\"", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 955, "txt": "import", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 957, "txt": " { Storage } ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 959, "txt": "from", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[1]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 961, "txt": "\"@plasmohq/storage\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[1]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 963, "txt": "const", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[3]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 965, "txt": "storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 967, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[3]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 969, "txt": "new", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[3]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 971, "txt": "Storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[3]/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 973, "txt": "()", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[3]/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 975, "txt": "await", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[5]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 977, "txt": "storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[5]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 979, "txt": ".set", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[5]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 981, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[5]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 983, "txt": "\"key\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[5]/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 985, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[5]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 987, "txt": "\"value\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[5]/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 989, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[5]/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 991, "txt": "const", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[6]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 993, "txt": "data", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[6]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 995, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[6]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 997, "txt": "await", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[6]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 999, "txt": "storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[6]/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 1001, "txt": ".get", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[6]/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 1003, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[6]/span[11]"}, {"position_id": 1005, "txt": "\"key\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[6]/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 1007, "txt": ") ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[6]/span[13]"}, {"position_id": 1009, "txt": "// \"value\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[6]/span[14]"}, {"position_id": 1011, "txt": "await", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[8]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1013, "txt": "storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[8]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 1015, "txt": ".set", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[8]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 1017, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[8]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 1019, "txt": "\"capt\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[8]/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 1021, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[8]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 1023, "txt": " { color", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[8]/span[8]"}, {"position_id": 1025, "txt": ":", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[8]/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 1027, "txt": "\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[8]/span[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "red\" })constdata2=awaitstorage.get(\"capt\") // { color: \"", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1028, "txt": "red\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[8]/span[11]"}, {"position_id": 1030, "txt": " })", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[8]/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 1032, "txt": "const", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[9]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1034, "txt": "data2", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[9]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 1036, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[9]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 1038, "txt": "await", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[9]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 1040, "txt": "storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[9]/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 1042, "txt": ".get", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[9]/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 1044, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[9]/span[11]"}, {"position_id": 1046, "txt": "\"capt\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[9]/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 1048, "txt": ") ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[9]/span[13]"}, {"position_id": 1050, "txt": "// { color: \"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[9]/span[14]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "red\" }", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1051, "txt": "red\" }", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[3]/pre/code/span[9]/span[14]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Customizing the storage area", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1053, "txt": "Customizing the storage area", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/h3[1]"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The storage area defaults to \"sync\", which means the data is synced across all instances of Chrome where the user is logged in.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1055, "txt": "The storage area defaults to \"sync\", which means the data is synced across all instances of Chrome where the user is logged in.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "You can see all of the other possible scopes Plasmo supports in the Chrome Storage API documentation (opens in a new tab).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1057, "txt": "You can see all of the other possible scopes Plasmo supports in the ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[6]"}, 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"/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[7]/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 1332, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[7]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 1334, "txt": "\"value\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[7]/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 1336, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[7]/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 1338, "txt": "const", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[8]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1340, "txt": "data", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[8]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 1342, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[8]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 1344, "txt": "await", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[8]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 1346, "txt": "storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[8]/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 1348, "txt": ".get", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[8]/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 1350, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[8]/span[11]"}, {"position_id": 1352, "txt": "\"key\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[8]/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 1354, "txt": ") ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[8]/span[13]"}, {"position_id": 1356, "txt": "// \"value\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[8]/span[14]"}, {"position_id": 1358, "txt": "await", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[10]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1360, "txt": "storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[10]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 1362, "txt": ".set", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[10]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 1364, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[10]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 1366, "txt": "\"capt\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[10]/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 1368, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[10]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 1370, "txt": " { color", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[10]/span[8]"}, {"position_id": 1372, "txt": ":", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[10]/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 1374, "txt": "\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[10]/span[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "red\" })constdata2=awaitstorage.get(\"capt\") // { color: \"", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1375, "txt": "red\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[10]/span[11]"}, {"position_id": 1377, "txt": " })", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[10]/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 1379, "txt": "const", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[11]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1381, "txt": "data2", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[11]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 1383, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[11]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 1385, "txt": "await", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[11]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 1387, "txt": "storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[11]/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 1389, "txt": ".get", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[11]/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 1391, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[11]/span[11]"}, {"position_id": 1393, "txt": "\"capt\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[11]/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 1395, "txt": ") ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[11]/span[13]"}, {"position_id": 1397, "txt": "// { color: \"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[11]/span[14]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "red\" }", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1398, "txt": "red\" }", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[8]/pre/code/span[11]/span[14]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "React Hook API", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1400, "txt": "React Hook API", "x": 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"/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[11]/pre/code/span[5]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 1478, "txt": "Storage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[11]/pre/code/span[5]/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 1480, "txt": "({", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[11]/pre/code/span[5]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 1482, "txt": " area", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[11]/pre/code/span[6]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1484, "txt": ":", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[11]/pre/code/span[6]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1486, "txt": "\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[11]/pre/code/span[6]/span[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "local\" })})", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1487, "txt": "local\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[11]/pre/code/span[6]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 1489, "txt": " })", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[11]/pre/code/span[7]/span"}, {"position_id": 1491, "txt": "})", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[11]/pre/code/span[8]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Rendering initial value WITHOUT persisting", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1493, "txt": "Rendering initial value WITHOUT persisting", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/h3[6]"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "\"Persisting\" means writing into the internal memory.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1495, "txt": "\"Persisting\" means writing into the internal memory.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By not persisting the value, only this specific instance of the hook will render the given initial value when there is no value in storage.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1497, "txt": "By not persisting the value, only this specific instance of the hook will render the given initial value when there is no value in storage.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Other instances can either show undefined OR specify their own initial value.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1498, "txt": " Other instances can either show ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[13]"}, {"position_id": 1500, "txt": "undefined", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[13]/code"}, {"position_id": 1502, "txt": " OR specify their own initial value.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[13]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " To elaborate on this:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1503, "txt": " To elaborate on this:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[13]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Given a popup.tsx that sets a static initial value:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1505, "txt": "Given a ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[14]"}, {"position_id": 1507, "txt": "popup.tsx", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[14]/code"}, {"position_id": 1509, "txt": " that sets a static initial value:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[14]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "popup.tsx", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1511, "txt": "popup.tsx", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "const [hailingFrequency,setHailingFrequency] =useStorage(\"hailing\",\"42\")...<inputvalue={hailingFrequency} onChange={(e) =>setHailingFrequency(e.target.value) }/> // \"42\"", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1513, "txt": "const", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1515, "txt": " [", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1517, "txt": "hailingFrequency", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[1]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 1519, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[1]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 1521, "txt": "setHailingFrequency", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[1]/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 1523, "txt": "] ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[1]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 1525, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[1]/span[8]"}, {"position_id": 1527, "txt": "useStorage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[1]/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 1529, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[1]/span[11]"}, {"position_id": 1531, "txt": "\"hailing\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[1]/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 1533, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[1]/span[13]"}, {"position_id": 1535, "txt": "\"42\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[1]/span[15]"}, {"position_id": 1537, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[1]/span[16]"}, {"position_id": 1539, "txt": "...", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[2]/span"}, {"position_id": 1541, "txt": "<", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[3]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1543, "txt": "input", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1545, "txt": "value", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 1547, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[3]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 1549, "txt": "{hailingFrequency} ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[3]/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 1551, "txt": "onChange", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[3]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 1553, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[3]/span[8]"}, {"position_id": 1555, "txt": "{(e) ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[3]/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 1557, "txt": "=>", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[3]/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 1559, "txt": "setHailingFrequency", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[4]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1561, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[4]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 1563, "txt": "e", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[4]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 1565, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[4]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 1567, "txt": "target", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[4]/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 1569, "txt": ".value)", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[4]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 1571, "txt": " }/> ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[5]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1573, "txt": "// \"42\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[12]/pre/code/span[5]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "If we subscribe to this key in content.tsx, we will see it be undefined until setHailingFrequency is called with a defined value:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1575, "txt": "If we subscribe to this key in ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[15]"}, {"position_id": 1577, "txt": "content.tsx", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[15]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 1579, "txt": ", we will see it be ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[15]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 1581, "txt": "undefined", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[15]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 1583, "txt": " until ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[15]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 1585, "txt": "setHailingFrequency", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[15]/code[3]"}, {"position_id": 1587, "txt": " is called with a defined value:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[15]/code[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "content.tsx", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1589, "txt": "content.tsx", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "const [hailingFrequency] =useStorage(\"hailing\")return <p>{hailingFrequency}</p> // undefined", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1591, "txt": "const", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1593, "txt": " [", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1595, "txt": "hailingFrequency", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[1]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 1597, "txt": "] ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[1]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 1599, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[1]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 1601, "txt": "useStorage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[1]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 1603, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[1]/span[8]"}, {"position_id": 1605, "txt": "\"hailing\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[1]/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 1607, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[1]/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 1609, "txt": "return", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[3]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1611, "txt": " <", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1613, "txt": "p", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 1615, "txt": ">{hailingFrequency}</", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 1617, "txt": "p", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[3]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 1619, "txt": "> ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[3]/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 1621, "txt": "// undefined", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[13]/pre/code/span[3]/span[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "If we subscribe to this key in options.tsx, but with a different static initial value, we will see that value instead:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1623, "txt": "If we subscribe to this key in ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[16]"}, {"position_id": 1625, "txt": "options.tsx", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[16]/code"}, {"position_id": 1627, "txt": ", but with a different static initial value, we will see that value instead:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[16]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "options.tsx", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1629, "txt": "options.tsx", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "const [hailingFrequency] =useStorage(\"hailing\",\"147\")return <p>{hailingFrequency}</p> // \"147\"", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1631, "txt": "const", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1633, "txt": " [", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1635, "txt": "hailingFrequency", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[1]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 1637, "txt": "] ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[1]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 1639, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[1]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 1641, "txt": "useStorage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[1]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 1643, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[1]/span[8]"}, {"position_id": 1645, "txt": "\"hailing\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[1]/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 1647, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[1]/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 1649, "txt": "\"147\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[1]/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 1651, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[1]/span[13]"}, {"position_id": 1653, "txt": "return", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[3]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1655, "txt": " <", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1657, "txt": "p", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 1659, "txt": ">{hailingFrequency}</", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 1661, "txt": "p", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[3]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 1663, "txt": "> ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[3]/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 1665, "txt": "// \"147\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[14]/pre/code/span[3]/span[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "With the above setup, suppose we call setHailingFrequency(\"8472\") in any of the instances above, we will see that all instances will now show \"8472\" and will now track the value in storage instead of the initial value.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1667, "txt": "With the above setup, suppose we call ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[17]"}, {"position_id": 1669, "txt": "setHailingFrequency(\"8472\")", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[17]/code"}, {"position_id": 1671, "txt": " in any of the instances above, we will see that all instances will now show \"8472\" and will now track the value in storage instead of the initial value.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[17]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Rendering AND persisting initial value", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1673, "txt": "Rendering AND persisting initial value", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/h3[7]"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By using a function instead of a static value, the initial value will be persisted in storage memory.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1675, "txt": "By using a function instead of a static value, the initial value will be persisted in storage memory.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The initialize function has one parameter which is the existing value in storage.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1676, "txt": " The initialize function has one parameter which is the existing value in storage.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " If there is no value, it is undefined.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1677, "txt": " If there is no value, it is ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[18]"}, {"position_id": 1679, "txt": "undefined", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[18]/code"}, {"position_id": 1681, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[18]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Let's say we have a popup.tsx that initialize the state to \"42\" if there is nothing in storage:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1683, "txt": "Let's say we have a ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[19]"}, {"position_id": 1685, "txt": "popup.tsx", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[19]/code"}, {"position_id": 1687, "txt": " that initialize the state to \"42\" if there is nothing in storage:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/p[19]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "popup.tsx", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1689, "txt": "popup.tsx", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "const [hailingFrequency,setHailingFrequency] =useStorage(\"hailing\", (v) => v ===undefined?\"42\":", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1691, "txt": "const", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1693, "txt": " [", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1695, "txt": "hailingFrequency", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 1697, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 1699, "txt": "setHailingFrequency", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 1701, "txt": "] ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 1703, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[8]"}, {"position_id": 1705, "txt": "useStorage", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 1707, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[11]"}, {"position_id": 1709, "txt": "\"hailing\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 1711, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[13]"}, {"position_id": 1713, "txt": " (v) ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[14]"}, {"position_id": 1715, "txt": "=>", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[15]"}, {"position_id": 1717, "txt": " v ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[16]"}, {"position_id": 1719, "txt": "===", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[17]"}, {"position_id": 1721, "txt": "undefined", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[19]"}, {"position_id": 1723, "txt": "?", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[21]"}, {"position_id": 1725, "txt": "\"42\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[23]"}, {"position_id": 1727, "txt": ":", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " v)...{hailingFrequency} // \"42\"", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1729, "txt": " v)", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[1]/span[25]"}, {"position_id": 1731, "txt": "...", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[2]/span"}, {"position_id": 1733, "txt": "{hailingFrequency} ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[15]/pre/code/span[3]/span[1]"}, 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"/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[16]/pre/code/span[3]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1773, "txt": " <", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[16]/pre/code/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1775, "txt": "p", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[16]/pre/code/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 1777, "txt": ">{hailingFrequency}</", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[16]/pre/code/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 1779, "txt": "p", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[16]/pre/code/span[3]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 1781, "txt": "> ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[16]/pre/code/span[3]/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 1783, "txt": "// \"42\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[16]/pre/code/span[3]/span[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Advanced usage", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1785, 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"/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[17]/pre/code/span[14]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1903, "txt": "button", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[17]/pre/code/span[14]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1905, "txt": ">", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[17]/pre/code/span[14]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 1907, "txt": "</>", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/div[17]/pre/code/span[15]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Usage with Firefox", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1909, "txt": "Usage with Firefox", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[2]/article/main/h3[9]"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To use the storage API on Firefox during development you need to add an Add-on ID to your manifest, otherwise, you will get this error:", "language": "english", 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20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此前，成都一家烧烤品牌“辛弘大”也切换了便利店模式，让顾客自选产品、小料、粥品等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 371, "txt": "此前，成都一家烧烤品牌“辛弘大”也切换了便利店模式，让顾客自选产品、小料、粥品等。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "与此同时，门店还降低了客单价，六七十元就能吃到招牌定制五花肉、牛肋条、原切牛排等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 372, "txt": "与此同时，门店还降低了客单价，六七十元就能吃到招牌定制五花肉、牛肋条、原切牛排等。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在南京，首尔同款便利店自助烤肉“炭火三千秒”于去年冬天开业，获得了不少消费者的关注；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 374, "txt": "在南京，首尔同款便利店自助烤肉“炭火三千秒”于去年冬天开业，获得了不少消费者的关注；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在川渝，烤八怪自选烤肉便利店、饷起烧肉、陈大力 · 川派自助烤肉等便利店模式烤肉店也顺利出圈，以不同的特色切入市场，形成了便利店模式烤肉的多样化竞争格局。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 375, "txt": "在川渝，烤八怪自选烤肉便利店、饷起烧肉、陈大力 · 川派自助烤肉等便利店模式烤肉店也顺利出圈，以不同的特色切入市场，形成了便利店模式烤肉的多样化竞争格局。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在“便利店”里烤肉，真的香吗？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 377, "txt": "在“便利店”里烤肉，真的香吗？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/h2[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong", "h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "这批烤肉便利店的模式非常类似，仿佛是“711+锅圈食汇+烤肉店”的结合版。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 379, "txt": "这批烤肉便利店的模式非常类似，仿佛是“711+锅圈食汇+烤肉店”的结合版。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[14]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1、主打小店模型，以街边社区店为主。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 381, "txt": "1、主打小店模型，以街边社区店为主。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[15]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在《韩国烤肉“鼻祖”们，正在接连倒闭》一文中，内参君就曾指出，许多早期成功的品牌在市场红利期建立了较高的价格体系，但后续却未能持续优化产品、提升性价比，造成了消费者的流失。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 383, "txt": "在《韩国烤肉“鼻祖”们，正在接连倒闭》一文中，内参君就曾指出，许多早期成功的品牌在市场红利期建立了较高的价格体系，但后续却未能持续优化产品、提升性价比，造成了消费者的流失。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[16]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如今，许多烤肉品牌为了保持低价优势，在装修、选址、门店模型等各个环节都细抠成本。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 385, "txt": "如今，许多烤肉品牌为了保持低价优势，在装修、选址、门店模型等各个环节都细抠成本。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "许多烤肉便利店采用小店模式，选址以街边社区店为主，避免了高昂的商场租金，同时贴近消费者的日常生活场景。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 387, "txt": "许多烤肉便利店采用小店模式，选址以街边社区店为主，避免了高昂的商场租金，同时贴近消费者的日常生活场景。", "x": 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"2、大多选择自选模式，将性价比贯彻到底。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[21]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当下，消费趋向理性，食客们不仅追求吃得多、吃得好，更要将价格控制在合理区间。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 394, "txt": "当下，消费趋向理性，食客们不仅追求吃得多、吃得好，更要将价格控制在合理区间。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "是以，自助模式在市场上顺利兴起。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 395, "txt": "是以，自助模式在市场上顺利兴起。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而烤肉便利店，作为当下市场环境中孕育出来的新模式，同样大多与自助沾边。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 396, "txt": "而烤肉便利店，作为当下市场环境中孕育出来的新模式，同样大多与自助沾边。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有的选择传统自助模式，“一次交钱吃个爽”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 398, "txt": "有的选择传统自助模式，“一次交钱吃个爽”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[23]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如权三喜自助烤肉便利店，尽管写了单盘9.9元，但店铺同时推出了59元单人自助及119元双人自助，从大刀五花、带脂梅花到生菜洋葱、石锅拌饭任意畅吃。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 399, "txt": "如权三喜自助烤肉便利店，尽管写了单盘9.9元，但店铺同时推出了59元单人自助及119元双人自助，从大刀五花、带脂梅花到生菜洋葱、石锅拌饭任意畅吃。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[23]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有的选择半自助模式，小盘菜单价低，自助拿取后结账。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 401, "txt": "有的选择半自助模式，小盘菜单价低，自助拿取后结账。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如饷起烧肉，肉类放在方盘子里25元/盘，傣族糯米耙及小菜等放在圆盘里10元/盘，最后数盘子算价格。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 402, "txt": "比如饷起烧肉，肉类放在方盘子里25元/盘，傣族糯米耙及小菜等放在圆盘里10元/盘，最后数盘子算价格。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "独特的便利店模式与炭火烤制，让店铺一跃成为当地“烤肉排队王”，有消费者五点半拿了号，八点才吃上。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 403, "txt": "独特的便利店模式与炭火烤制，让店铺一跃成为当地“烤肉排队王”，有消费者五点半拿了号，八点才吃上。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1sJ79R3mPxJ51j9IKO2XS8SC.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 296, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1sJ79R3mPxJ51j9IKO2XS8SC.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[25]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "3、“堂食+零售”，打破传统烤肉边界", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 405, "txt": "3、“堂食+零售”，打破传统烤肉边界", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[26]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "自助烤肉并非新鲜事物，但过往的自助烤肉，大多将同类食材堆叠在一起，消费者需拿着餐盘选取心仪的餐品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 407, "txt": "自助烤肉并非新鲜事物，但过往的自助烤肉，大多将同类食材堆叠在一起，消费者需拿着餐盘选取心仪的餐品。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而烤肉便利店，就针对食材拿取方式进行了创新，将肉类划分为小份，或抽取真空或单独包装，让消费者可以像在便利店购物一样，拿着购物筐或小推车自选食材，与传统的餐盘形式形成了差异。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 409, "txt": "而烤肉便利店，就针对食材拿取方式进行了创新，将肉类划分为小份，或抽取真空或单独包装，让消费者可以像在便利店购物一样，拿着购物筐或小推车自选食材，与传统的餐盘形式形成了差异。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[28]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，大部分烤肉便利店不局限于烤肉单一品类，从汉堡到石锅拌饭、自助泡面，极大丰富了就餐体验。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 410, "txt": "同时，大部分烤肉便利店不局限于烤肉单一品类，从汉堡到石锅拌饭、自助泡面，极大丰富了就餐体验。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[28]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "特别值得注意的是，传统的自助模式仅支持到店就餐，但部分烤肉便利店如陈大力自助烤肉便利店，即使吃不完，消费者也可以直接买肉带走。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 412, "txt": "特别值得注意的是，传统的自助模式仅支持到店就餐，但部分烤肉便利店如陈大力自助烤肉便利店，即使吃不完，消费者也可以直接买肉带走。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种模式既提升了食材利用率，也让消费者拥有更灵活的消费选择。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 413, "txt": "这种模式既提升了食材利用率，也让消费者拥有更灵活的消费选择。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "零售和餐饮的边界，越来越模糊了", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 415, "txt": "零售和餐饮的边界，越来越模糊了", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/h2[3]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "过去，便利店与餐厅泾渭分明，但如今两者的界限正逐渐模糊。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 417, "txt": "过去，便利店与餐厅泾渭分明，但如今两者的界限正逐渐模糊。", "x": 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"web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "去年6月份，麻六记在三里屯开出了首家“专属便利店”，门店面积300㎡左右，货架上有各式口味的酸辣粉、火锅粉等零售产品，冰柜内有龙虾、酸菜鱼等招牌大菜。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 423, "txt": "去年6月份，麻六记在三里屯开出了首家“专属便利店”，门店面积300㎡左右，货架上有各式口味的酸辣粉、火锅粉等零售产品，冰柜内有龙虾、酸菜鱼等招牌大菜。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "门店整体设置了食材烹饪区和就餐区，消费者可自助扫码点单。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 424, "txt": "门店整体设置了食材烹饪区和就餐区，消费者可自助扫码点单。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一向极具创意的火锅赛道也不甘示弱，去年开始，瞅准了便捷和新鲜，一批菜市场火锅在市场中兴盛起来。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 426, "txt": "一向极具创意的火锅赛道也不甘示弱，去年开始，瞅准了便捷和新鲜，一批菜市场火锅在市场中兴盛起来。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[34]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如杭州的食久鲜·菜场火锅·鲜活牛肉店、温州的牛十三菜场火锅，直接将门店开进了菜市场，肉类、蔬菜现场挑选、烹饪，与烤肉便利店十分相似。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 427, "txt": "如杭州的食久鲜·菜场火锅·鲜活牛肉店、温州的牛十三菜场火锅，直接将门店开进了菜市场，肉类、蔬菜现场挑选、烹饪，与烤肉便利店十分相似。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[34]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1aUXY01EF3cN2Z78zA11U0if.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 311, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1aUXY01EF3cN2Z78zA11U0if.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[35]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "另一方面，是超市、便利店加大餐饮占比，拉动客流和销售额。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 429, "txt": "另一方面，是超市、便利店加大餐饮占比，拉动客流和销售额。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[36]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "今年年初，日本的711开始在千叶县等地的部分门店中供应店内现制拉面，加码扩充餐食业务；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 431, "txt": "今年年初，日本的711开始在千叶县等地的部分门店中供应店内现制拉面，加码扩充餐食业务；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在国内，去年4月份，7-Eleven全国首家小食堂模式门店在广州正式营业，推出了三明治、咖喱饭等简餐，出餐模式与麦当劳、肯德基等西快餐厅极其类似。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 432, "txt": "在国内，去年4月份，7-Eleven全国首家小食堂模式门店在广州正式营业，推出了三明治、咖喱饭等简餐，出餐模式与麦当劳、肯德基等西快餐厅极其类似。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "与此同时，如永辉，大润发、七鲜、物美等超市也布局了现制餐饮业态，即使是高端精品超市Ole，一到午餐与晚餐时段，最热闹的，也是店内的快餐自选区。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 434, "txt": "与此同时，如永辉，大润发、七鲜、物美等超市也布局了现制餐饮业态，即使是高端精品超市Ole，一到午餐与晚餐时段，最热闹的，也是店内的快餐自选区。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[38]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "烤肉便利店，年轻人会买账多久？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 436, "txt": "烤肉便利店，年轻人会买账多久？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/h2[4]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "无论是跨行零售还是入局餐饮，归根究底是为了赚钱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 438, "txt": "无论是跨行零售还是入局餐饮，归根究底是为了赚钱。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尤其对于烤肉品牌而言，便利店自选模式能助其进一步“降本增效”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 440, "txt": "尤其对于烤肉品牌而言，便利店自选模式能助其进一步“降本增效”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[40]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "最明显的是人工成本的下降，如上文中提到的辛弘大，在引入自选模式后，员工从10多名降到8名，不仅从人员上降本，同时也增强了顾客的选购体验；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 442, "txt": "最明显的是人工成本的下降，如上文中提到的辛弘大，在引入自选模式后，员工从10多名降到8名，不仅从人员上降本，同时也增强了顾客的选购体验；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "与此同时，便利店自选模式对食材种类及新鲜程度等各方面的要求更加严苛，这倒逼部分烤肉品牌自建供应链。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 443, "txt": "与此同时，便利店自选模式对食材种类及新鲜程度等各方面的要求更加严苛，这倒逼部分烤肉品牌自建供应链。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有业内人士表示，通过中央厨房统一腌制，损耗率可以从15%降至5%，牛肉成本可下降18%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 444, "txt": "有业内人士表示，通过中央厨房统一腌制，损耗率可以从15%降至5%，牛肉成本可下降18%。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4nyOK1pOIxm3s3q2X2ih2e0.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 322, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4nyOK1pOIxm3s3q2X2ih2e0.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[42]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "尽管烤肉便利店们凭借性价比、便利性顺利翻红，但能否吸引顾客长期复购，仍然存疑。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 446, "txt": "尽管烤肉便利店们凭借性价比、便利性顺利翻红，但能否吸引顾客长期复购，仍然存疑。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其一，餐品包装的必要性存疑。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 448, "txt": "其一，餐品包装的必要性存疑。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[44]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如上文所言，烤肉便利店与传统自助烤肉店的一大区别，就是餐品包装。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 450, "txt": "如上文所言，烤肉便利店与传统自助烤肉店的一大区别，就是餐品包装。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[44]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从真空包装到塑料盘+保鲜膜，赚足了噱头的同时，也让部分消费者产生了包装是否必要的疑问：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 451, "txt": "从真空包装到塑料盘+保鲜膜，赚足了噱头的同时，也让部分消费者产生了包装是否必要的疑问：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[44]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“感觉很不环保，而且看上去有些廉价，如果价格不变，感觉这部分包装的钱会从品质上扣……”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 452, "txt": "“感觉很不环保，而且看上去有些廉价，如果价格不变，感觉这部分包装的钱会从品质上扣……”", "x": 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52, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但自选模式下，消费者拥有较大的选择权，且其需求难以直接预测，极易导致商品积压。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 457, "txt": "但自选模式下，消费者拥有较大的选择权，且其需求难以直接预测，极易导致商品积压。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[45]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其三，盈利模式单一，客单价难以提升。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 459, "txt": "其三，盈利模式单一，客单价难以提升。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[46]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "烤肉便利店主打性价比，客单价基本维持在50-60元左右，盈利模式主要依赖于高翻台率和规模效应。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 461, "txt": "烤肉便利店主打性价比，客单价基本维持在50-60元左右，盈利模式主要依赖于高翻台率和规模效应。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[46]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果流量增长放缓，门店很难依靠溢价提升利润。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 462, "txt": "如果流量增长放缓，门店很难依靠溢价提升利润。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[46]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其四，性价比赛道入局者众多，要想从中脱颖而出吸引复购，挑战颇多。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 464, "txt": "其四，性价比赛道入局者众多，要想从中脱颖而出吸引复购，挑战颇多。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[47]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, 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"“烤肉未来趋势是性价比，要做低端食材、中端价格、高端体验。”", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[48]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于烤肉便利店们而言，能否在标准化与个性化、效率与体验、资本与生存之间实现平衡，并摸索出一条合适的道路，仍然值得期待。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 472, "txt": "对于烤肉便利店们而言，能否在标准化与个性化、效率与体验、资本与生存之间实现平衡，并摸索出一条合适的道路，仍然值得期待。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[48]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 年轻人一边排队一边吐槽，“烤肉便利店”全国开花 ## “烤肉便利店”席卷全国！ ## 在“便利店”里烤肉，真的香吗？ ### 1、主打小店模型，以街边社区店为主。 ### 2、大多选择自选模式，将性价比贯彻到底。 ### 3、“堂食+零售”，打破传统烤肉边界 ## 零售和餐饮的边界，越来越模糊了 ## 烤肉便利店，年轻人会买账多久？
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"x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[1]/span/font[5]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "领导者处在这样的境地时，不仅会感到压力山大，而且在决策时也容易陷入困境，影响整个团队的士气。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 627, "txt": "领导者处在这样的境地时，不仅会感到压力山大，而且在决策时也容易陷入困境，影响整个团队的士气。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[1]/span/font[6]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "面对这种局面，很多领导往往会感到进退两难。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 629, "txt": "面对这种局面，很多领导往往会感到", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[1]/span/font[7]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 631, "txt": "进退两难", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[1]/span/font[8]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 633, "txt": "。", "x": 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"global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "重要会议改在他出差时召开", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 702, "txt": "重要会议改在他出差时召开", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[26]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "信息隔离：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 704, "txt": "信息隔离：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[27]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "移出核心工作群", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 706, "txt": "移出核心工作群", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[28]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "\"忘记\"抄送关键邮件", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 708, "txt": "\"忘记\"抄送关键邮件", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[29]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "心理施压：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 710, "txt": "心理施压：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[30]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "周报连续三次批复：\"", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 712, "txt": "周报连续三次批复：\"", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "请加强工作主动性\"", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 713, "txt": "请加强工作主动性\"", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", 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"反制预案：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 751, "txt": "反制预案：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[49]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "若员工真完成目标：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 753, "txt": "若员工真完成目标：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[50]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "立即修改提成规则（如阶梯奖金变为固定奖励）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 755, "txt": "立即修改提成规则（如阶梯奖金变为固定奖励）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[51]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "声称\"目标设定存在系统误差\"", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 757, "txt": "声称\"目标设定存在系统误差\"", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[52]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "四、团队孤立法——制造社交真空", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 759, "txt": "四、团队孤立法——制造社交真空", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[53]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "实施清单：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 761, "txt": "实施清单：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[54]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "✅ 集体活动\"刚好\"错过通知他", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 763, "txt": "✅ 集体活动\"刚好\"错过通知他", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[55]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", 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"chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 946, "txt": "这些方法如同七伤拳，用多了难免反噬团队文化，建议搭配至少30%的正面激励手段平衡使用。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[148]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 178, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 卓越人力资源管理 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 948, "txt": "\n 卓越人力资源管理 ", "x": "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 196, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 如何管理桀骜不驯的下属 ## 一、调岗闲置法——让技术大牛自废武功 ### 操作步骤： #### 选择调岗方向： #### 包装说辞： #### 实施要点： ### 案例： ### 适用对象： ### 风险提示： ## 二、架空权力法——温水煮青蛙式边缘化 ### 具体操作： #### 拆分工作模块： #### 信息隔离： #### 心理施压： ### 效果阶段： ## 三、定超高目标——制造不可能任务 ### 设定技巧： #### 数据包装： #### 配套措施： ### 话术示例： ### 反制预案： ## 四、团队孤立法——制造社交真空 ### 实施清单： ## 五、差别对待法——精准制造不公感 ### 对比设计： ### 关键要点： ## 六、考核卡人法——合法劝退利器 ### 操作模板： #### 设定主观指标： #### 评分策略： #### 存档记录： ### 法律依据： ## 七、揪小辫子法——持续否定打击 ### 实施范例： #### 工作场景： #### 生活细节： ### 进阶技巧： ### 心理摧毁三阶段： ## 八、小题大做法——显微镜式找茬 ### 典型操作： ### 配套措施： ## 九、心理暗示法——慢性精神离职 ### 话术库： #### 前景暗示： #### 个人发展： #### 反向激励： ### 节奏控制： ## 十、调岗降薪法——合法降维打击 ### 操作指南： #### 选择目标岗位： #### 薪酬重构： #### 法律防火墙： ### 经典案例： ## 高阶组合拳套路 ### 情景模拟：对付销售团队刺头 ## 风险防控体系 ### 法律层面： ### 舆论层面： ### 替代方案：
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[{"position_id": 611, "txt": "作为AI电视领导者，海信电视基于AI技术的率先探索、超前布局，已完成AI与电视的全面融合及深度应用，实现从“工具”到“管家”的跨越。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[45]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "主要体现在三方面：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 613, "txt": "主要体现在三方面：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[46]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一是AI视听，通过AI算法提升画质、音效，根据内容类型自动调整视听模式；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 615, "txt": "一是AI视听，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[47]/strong"}, {"position_id": 617, "txt": "通过AI算法提升画质、音效，根据内容类型自动调整视听模式；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[47]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "二是AI交互，将AI能力融入操作主链路，做到服务自动匹配场景需求。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 619, "txt": "二是AI交互，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[48]/strong"}, {"position_id": 621, "txt": "将AI能力融入操作主链路，做到服务自动匹配场景需求。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[48]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如海信电视内置18大AI智能体，还率先接入DeepSeek，可根据用户实际使用场景和意图自动触发匹配的智能体服务；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 622, "txt": "如海信电视内置18大AI智能体，还率先接入DeepSeek，可根据用户实际使用场景和意图自动触发匹配的智能体服务；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[48]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "三是AI服务，核心是从被动服务转变为主动服务，从单点服务转变为场景化服务，如观看电影时自动进入观影模式，自动调节画质及室内灯光等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 624, "txt": "三是AI服务，", "x": 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"web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 海信成AWE显示风向标！RGB-Mini LED量产，硬核技术开启WALL时代 ## 客厅WALL时代：海信百吋矩阵来袭 ## 技术纵深：海信三大护城河 ### 其一：RGB-Mini LED芯片，解决量产难题。 ### 其二：RGB 光色同控画质芯片，重构光色秩序 ### 其三：AI技术+黑曜屏，提升观看体验 ## 百吋换新，为什么大家都选择了海信？
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"x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "12GB+512GB版本首销价1599元，国补到手价1360元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 499, "txt": "12GB+512GB版本首销价1599元，国补到手价1360元。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "真我 Buds Air7", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 501, "txt": "真我 Buds Air7", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[38]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "真我 Buds Air7配备52dB深海降噪，52小时超长续航。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 503, "txt": "真我 Buds Air7配备52dB深海降噪，52小时超长续航。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "新耳机搭载12.4mm特大镀钛动圈单元，真我Buds Air7还通过了Hi-Res小金标认证。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 504, "txt": "新耳机搭载12.4mm特大镀钛动圈单元，真我Buds Air7还通过了Hi-Res小金标认证。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2mo3uc4cgiRY126HL3tymxa.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 435, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2mo3uc4cgiRY126HL3tymxa.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[40]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "真我Buds Air7 起售价299元，参与京东先人一步更可享抢先发货。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 506, "txt": "真我Buds Air7 起售价299元，参与京东先人一步更可享抢先发货。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "首销周购买GT、Neo系列产品，还可获赠30元真我 Buds Air7优惠券，到手价低至269元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 507, "txt": "首销周购买GT、Neo系列产品，还可获赠30元真我 Buds Air7优惠券，到手价低至269元。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "可以看到本次发布会的新机结合国补确实有着较有吸引力的价格，最高配置的价格也不到2200元，感兴趣的小伙伴可以了解一下。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 509, "txt": "可以看到本次发布会的新机结合国补确实有着较有吸引力的价格，最高配置的价格也不到2200元，感兴趣的小伙伴可以了解一下。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[42]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 真我Neo7 SE正式发布，补贴后1530元起 ## 真我Neo7 SE ## 真我Neo7x ## 真我 Buds Air7
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六、双方愿继续充分发挥中国文化中心、鲁班工坊、孔子学院、孔子课堂对中吉文化交流和职业教育合作的促进作用，在吉尔吉斯斯坦推动汉语教学，助力增进中吉友谊。中方欢迎和鼓励更多吉尔吉斯斯坦学生来华学习深造。中方愿研究为吉方提供高水平同声传译译员培训课程或更多培训名额。 ## 七、双方强调要探讨为人员往来便利化、简化签证手续和强化两国主管部门合作创造更为有利的条件，以加强旅游合作，拓展移民管理务实合作，保障两国公民合法权益。 ## 八、面对前所未有的全球性挑战，双方将坚定捍卫以联合国为核心的国际体系、以国际法为基础的国际秩序、以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则。双方致力于推动平等有序的世界多极化和普惠包容的经济全球化，反对各种形式的单边主义、保护主义，呼吁践行真正的多边主义，推进国际关系民主化，共同维护国际公平正义。双方将加强在联合国框架内的协调配合，在多边场合就共同关心的事务保持合作，推动全球治理朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。 ## 九、双方高度评价中国－中亚机制，认为该机制为发展中国中亚关系、深化多边合作提供了重要平台。 ## 十、双方将继续加强在上海合作组织框架内的相互支持与合作，弘扬“上海精神”，凝聚各方构建人类命运共同体共识，为维护国际和地区安全、稳定和发展繁荣作出更大贡献。 ## 十一、吉尔吉斯共和国总统扎帕罗夫对中华人民共和国主席习近平和中国人民给予吉尔吉斯斯坦代表团的热情友好接待表示衷心感谢，邀请习近平主席在双方方便的时候访问吉尔吉斯斯坦。
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"比起大陆情况，更麻烦的反而是外国对隐私的监管吧，说真国内现在的ai我都不太敢“深度”使用，都连接云端服务器的，隐私基本就是裸奔，而且现在很多所谓的ai功能在我看来不过是“自动化”功能，我不是果粉，还而期待苹果要么不做，要做就做到极致，毕竟现在就大把类ai工具能用", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2485, "txt": "比起大陆情况，更麻烦的反而是外国对隐私的监管吧，说真国内现在的ai我都不太敢“深度”使用，都连接云端服务器的，隐私基本就是裸奔，而且现在很多所谓的ai功能在我看来不过是“自动化”功能，我不是果粉，还而期待苹果要么不做，要做就做到极致，毕竟现在就大把类ai工具能用", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[3]/div[2]/div[13]/div[2]/div/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 166, "global_sentence_id": 284, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "03/21 11:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2487, "txt": "03/21 11:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[3]/div[2]/div[13]/div[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 167, "global_sentence_id": 285, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "49", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2488, "txt": "49", "x": 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"/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[3]/div[2]/div[14]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 169, "global_sentence_id": 289, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "先不提AI，啥时候信号能好点啊，经常去某地发现苹果手机没信号，把卡抽出来插安卓备机里，四格信号稳稳的。。。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2495, "txt": "先不提AI，啥时候信号能好点啊，经常去某地发现苹果手机没信号，把卡抽出来插安卓备机里，四格信号稳稳的。。。", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[3]/div[2]/div[14]/div[2]/div/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 170, "global_sentence_id": 290, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "03/21 15:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2497, "txt": "03/21 15:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[3]/div[2]/div[14]/div[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 171, "global_sentence_id": 291, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "23", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2498, "txt": "23", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[3]/div[2]/div[14]/div[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 171, "global_sentence_id": 292, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "03/22 10:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2500, "txt": "03/22 10:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[3]/div[2]/div[15]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 172, "global_sentence_id": 293, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "10", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2501, "txt": "10", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[3]/div[2]/div[15]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 172, "global_sentence_id": 294, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "你这说得好像openai不是连接云端服务器一样，主要还是被自己的隐私保护策略束缚，也可能是这些年的主要竞争对手还是太弱了，导致自己有点不思进取", "language": "chinese", "position": 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{"atoms": [{"position_id": 2613, "txt": "03/21 11:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[7]/div[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 224, "global_sentence_id": 370, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "30", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2614, "txt": "30", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[7]/div[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 224, "global_sentence_id": 371, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "9onty", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2616, "txt": "9onty", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[8]/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/a/div/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 225, "global_sentence_id": 372, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "回复", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2618, "txt": "回复", "x": 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"/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[8]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 228, "global_sentence_id": 376, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "我人籍都被开除了，7499", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2625, "txt": "我人籍都被开除了，7499", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[8]/div[2]/div/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 229, "global_sentence_id": 377, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "03/21 12:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2627, "txt": "03/21 12:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[8]/div[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 230, "global_sentence_id": 378, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "40", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2628, "txt": "40", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[8]/div[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 230, "global_sentence_id": 379, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "向老师的微博", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2630, "txt": "向老师的微博", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[9]/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/div/a/div/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 231, "global_sentence_id": 380, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "03/21 22:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2632, "txt": "03/21 22:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[9]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 232, "global_sentence_id": 381, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "11", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2633, "txt": "11", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[9]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 232, "global_sentence_id": 382, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "我觉得还行，这个屏幕比例还可以啊，视频，文字啥都还挺好的，虽然我是不会买的，主要原因还是鸿蒙生态，但如果OV出这样的产品还是会考虑买的", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2635, "txt": "我觉得还行，这个屏幕比例还可以啊，视频，文字啥都还挺好的，虽然我是不会买的，主要原因还是鸿蒙生态，但如果OV出这样的产品还是会考虑买的", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[9]/div[2]/div/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 233, "global_sentence_id": 383, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "03/21 22:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2637, "txt": "03/21 22:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[9]/div[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 234, "global_sentence_id": 384, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "11", "language": "chinese", 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"/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[12]/div[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 246, "global_sentence_id": 403, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "tangjuekai", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2670, "txt": "tangjuekai", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[13]/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/div/a/div/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 247, "global_sentence_id": 404, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "03/22 13:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2672, "txt": "03/22 13:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[13]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 248, "global_sentence_id": 405, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "58", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2673, "txt": "58", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[13]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 248, "global_sentence_id": 406, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "都还没买，也不怎么想评价", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2675, "txt": "都还没买，也不怎么想评价", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[13]/div[2]/div/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 249, "global_sentence_id": 407, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "03/22 13:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2677, "txt": "03/22 13:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div[13]/div[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 250, "global_sentence_id": 408, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "58", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2678, "txt": "58", "x": 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"/html/body/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[3]/div/div[6]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 356, "global_sentence_id": 575, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 派早报：华为正式发布了 Pura X 阔折叠手机等产品等 ## 你可能错过的新鲜事 ### 华为正式发布了 Pura X 阔折叠手机等产品 ### 欧盟要求 Apple 提高 iOS 设备与第三方硬件的兼容性 ### 皮克斯新动画《地球特派员》发布预告，6 月 20 日北美上映 ### OpenAI 推出 o1-pro 模型 ### 欧盟裁定谷歌违反反垄断法规 ## 看看就行的小道消息 ## 少数派的近期动态 ## 你可能错过的好文章
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"language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 483, "txt": "三层代理架构", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[6]/strong"}, {"position_id": 485, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[6]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "规划代理：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 487, "txt": "规划代理", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/ol/li[1]/strong"}, {"position_id": 489, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/ol/li[1]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong", "li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "基于大模型理解用户意图，拆解任务流程；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 490, "txt": "基于大模型理解用户意图，拆解任务流程；", "x": 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"language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 497, "txt": "验证代理", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/ol/li[3]/strong"}, {"position_id": 499, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/ol/li[3]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["li", "strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "检查结果准确性并动态调整策略；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 500, "txt": "检查结果准确性并动态调整策略；", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/ol/li[3]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["li", "strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虚拟机沙盒技术：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 502, "txt": "虚拟机沙盒技术", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[7]/strong"}, {"position_id": 504, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[7]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "安全调用外部工具，避免本地环境依赖；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 505, "txt": "安全调用外部工具，避免本地环境依赖；", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[7]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "MCP协议支持：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 507, "txt": "MCP协议支持", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[8]/strong"}, {"position_id": 509, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[8]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过标准化接口快速接入第三方API，降低开发成本。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": 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"label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "缺乏私有数据接口的场景难以覆盖（如企业内部系统）；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 519, "txt": "缺乏私有数据接口的场景难以覆盖（如企业内部系统）；", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/ul[2]/li[1]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["li", "strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "专业性边界：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 521, "txt": "专业性边界", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/ul[2]/li[2]/strong"}, {"position_id": 523, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/ul[2]/li[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong", "li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "股票分析、医疗报告等场景仍需人工校验。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 524, "txt": "股票分析、医疗报告等场景仍需人工校验。", "x": 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"tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2T5XHUNBMVU1NF4Ib2Ns4R2.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 186, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2T5XHUNBMVU1NF4Ib2Ns4R2.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[10]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "关键差异：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 531, "txt": "关键差异", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[11]/strong"}, {"position_id": 533, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[11]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "ChatGPT像“只动口不动手的老板”，Manus则是“自主解决问题的员工”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 534, "txt": "ChatGPT像“只动口不动手的老板”，Manus则是“自主解决问题的员工”", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[11]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2. 与DeepSeek：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 536, "txt": "2. 与DeepSeek：", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/h3[3]"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "开源模型 VS 闭源产品", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 537, "txt": "开源模型 VS 闭源产品", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/h3[3]"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek：", "language": "chinese", 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"DeepSeek是开发者的“工具箱”，Manus是企业用户的“外包团队”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 552, "txt": "DeepSeek是开发者的“工具箱”，Manus是企业用户的“外包团队”。", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[14]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Manus AI的竞争力与局限", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 554, "txt": "Manus AI的竞争力与局限", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/h2[3]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "对比分析：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 556, "txt": "对比分析：", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/h3[4]"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Manus vs. ChatGPT vs. 其他AI Agent", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 557, "txt": "Manus vs. ChatGPT vs. 其他AI Agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/h3[4]"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/VcmoG1Ej8Dm3Un30U4AsH8S.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 199, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/VcmoG1Ej8Dm3Un30U4AsH8S.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[15]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "优势总结：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 559, "txt": "优势总结", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[16]/strong[1]"}, {"position_id": 561, "txt": "：", "x": 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"global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "企业如何用好Manus？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 572, "txt": "企业如何用好Manus？", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/h2[4]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "1. 适用场景与落地策略", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 574, "txt": "1. 适用场景与落地策略", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/h3[5]"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "高价值场景：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 576, "txt": "高价值场景", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[17]/strong"}, {"position_id": 578, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/p[17]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "金融行业：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 580, "txt": "金融行业：", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/ul[3]/li[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "自动化财报分析、股价波动预警；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 581, "txt": "自动化财报分析、股价波动预警；", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/ul[3]/li[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "医疗领域：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 583, "txt": "医疗领域：", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/ul[3]/li[2]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 95, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "病历数据清洗、科研文献综述；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 584, "txt": "病历数据清洗、科研文献综述；", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/ul[3]/li[2]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 95, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "电商运营：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 586, "txt": "电商运营：", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/ul[3]/li[3]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 96, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "竞品数据抓取、营销策略生成。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 587, "txt": "竞品数据抓取、营销策略生成。", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[3]/div[1]/ul[3]/li[3]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 96, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "实操建议：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 589, "txt": "实操建议", "x": 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complex multi-component solutions based on requirements.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/ul[2]/li[10]/code[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong", "li", "em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Installation", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1585, "txt": "Installation", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[4]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "# Recommended:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1587, "txt": "#", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 1589, "txt": " Recommended:", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[1]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Create a virtual environmentpython -m venv venvsource venv/bin/activate # On Windows use `venv\\Scripts\\activate`# Clone the repositorygit clone https://github.com/matiasmolinas/evolving-agents.gitcd evolving-agents# Install dependencies (includes beeai-framework, openai-agents, chromadb, etc.)pip install -r requirements.txt# Install the package in editable mode (allows easy development)pip install -e .", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1590, "txt": " Create a virtual environment", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 1592, "txt": "\npython -m venv venv\n", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1594, "txt": "source", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1596, "txt": " venv/bin/activate ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1598, "txt": "#", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[3]/span"}, {"position_id": 1600, "txt": " On Windows use `venv\\Scripts\\activate`", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[3]/span"}, {"position_id": 1602, "txt": "#", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[4]/span"}, {"position_id": 1604, "txt": " Clone the repository", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[4]/span"}, {"position_id": 1606, "txt": "\ngit clone https://github.com/matiasmolinas/evolving-agents.git\n", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 1608, "txt": "cd", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 1610, "txt": " evolving-agents\n\n", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 1612, "txt": "#", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[6]/span"}, {"position_id": 1614, "txt": " Install dependencies (includes beeai-framework, openai-agents, chromadb, etc.)", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[6]/span"}, {"position_id": 1616, "txt": "\npip install -r requirements.txt\n\n", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 1618, "txt": "#", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[7]/span"}, {"position_id": 1620, "txt": " Install the package in editable mode (allows easy development)", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[7]/span"}, {"position_id": 1622, "txt": "\npip install -e ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 1624, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[5]/pre/span[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Quick Start", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1626, "txt": "Quick Start", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[6]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "1. Setup Environment:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1628, "txt": "1. Setup Environment:", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[8]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "# Copy the example environment filecp .env.example .env# Edit the .env file and add your API keys (e.g., OPENAI_API_KEY)# Optionally enable Intent Review:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1630, "txt": "#", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[7]/pre/span[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 1632, "txt": " Copy the example environment file", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[7]/pre/span[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 1634, "txt": "\ncp .env.example .env\n\n", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[7]/pre/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1636, "txt": "#", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[7]/pre/span[2]/span"}, {"position_id": 1638, "txt": " Edit the .env file and add your API keys (e.g., OPENAI_API_KEY)", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[7]/pre/span[2]/span"}, {"position_id": 1640, "txt": "#", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[7]/pre/span[3]/span"}, {"position_id": 1642, "txt": " Optionally enable Intent Review:", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[7]/pre/span[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "# INTENT_REVIEW_ENABLED=true# INTENT_REVIEW_LEVELS=design,components,intents # Choose which levels to review# nano .env OR use your preferred editor", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1644, "txt": "#", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[7]/pre/span[4]/span"}, {"position_id": 1646, "txt": " INTENT_REVIEW_ENABLED=true", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[7]/pre/span[4]/span"}, {"position_id": 1648, "txt": "#", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[7]/pre/span[5]/span"}, {"position_id": 1650, "txt": " INTENT_REVIEW_LEVELS=design,components,intents # Choose which levels to review", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[7]/pre/span[5]/span"}, {"position_id": 1652, "txt": "#", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[7]/pre/span[6]/span"}, {"position_id": 1654, "txt": " nano .env OR use your preferred editor", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[7]/pre/span[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Configure other settings like LLM_MODEL, LLM_EMBEDDING_MODEL if needed (defaults are provided in .env.example and config.py).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1656, "txt": "Configure other settings like ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[9]/em"}, {"position_id": 1658, "txt": "LLM_MODEL", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[9]/em/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 1660, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[9]/em/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 1662, "txt": "LLM_EMBEDDING_MODEL", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[9]/em/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 1664, "txt": " if needed (defaults are provided in ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[9]/em/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 1666, "txt": ".env.example", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[9]/em/code[3]"}, {"position_id": 1668, "txt": " and ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[9]/em/code[3]"}, {"position_id": 1670, "txt": "config.py", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[9]/em/code[4]"}, {"position_id": 1672, "txt": ").", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[9]/em/code[4]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2. Run the Comprehensive Demo:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1674, "txt": "2. Run the Comprehensive Demo:", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[10]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This demo showcases the SystemAgent orchestrating a complex task (invoice processing) based on a high-level goal.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1676, "txt": "This demo showcases the ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[11]"}, {"position_id": 1678, "txt": "SystemAgent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[11]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 1680, "txt": " orchestrating a complex task (invoice processing) based on a high-level goal.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[11]/code[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " It demonstrates component discovery (potentially leveraging task-aware search), potential creation/evolution (using its internal tools), and execution.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1681, "txt": " It demonstrates component discovery (potentially leveraging task-aware search), potential creation/evolution (using its internal tools), and execution.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[11]/code[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " If INTENT_REVIEW_ENABLED=true is set in .env, it will pause for human review at configured stages.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1682, "txt": " If ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[11]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 1684, "txt": "INTENT_REVIEW_ENABLED=true", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[11]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 1686, "txt": " is set in ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[11]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 1688, "txt": ".env", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[11]/code[3]"}, {"position_id": 1690, "txt": ", it will pause for human review at configured stages.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[11]/code[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "python examples/invoice_processing/architect_zero_comprehensive_demo.py", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1692, "txt": "python examples/invoice_processing/architect_zero_comprehensive_demo.py", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[8]/pre"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3. Explore Output:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1694, "txt": "3. Explore Output:", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[12]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After the demo runs, check the generated files in the main directory (or as specified in the demo script):", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1696, "txt": "After the demo runs, check the generated files in the main directory (or as specified in the demo script):", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "final_processing_output.json:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1698, "txt": "final_processing_output.json", "x": 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "smart_agent_bus_demo.json:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1716, "txt": "smart_agent_bus_demo.json", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/ul[3]/li[3]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 1718, "txt": ":", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/ul[3]/li[3]/code[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The state of the agent registry on the SmartAgentBus.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1719, "txt": " The state of the agent registry on the ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/ul[3]/li[3]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 1721, "txt": "SmartAgentBus", 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"/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/ul[3]/li[5]/code"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The generated intent plan that was reviewed.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1733, "txt": " The generated intent plan that was reviewed.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/ul[3]/li[5]/code"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(Note:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1735, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[14]/em"}, {"position_id": 1737, "txt": "Note:", "x": 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Set up MongoDB: ### 2. Configure Vector Search Indexes (CRITICAL for SmartLibrary & SmartAgentBus): ### 3. Environment Variables: ## Quick Start ### 1. Setup Environment (after MongoDB setup): ### 2. Run the Comprehensive Demo: ### 3. Explore Output: ## Dive Deeper ## Roadmap / Future Work ## License ### ·Core Smart Memory Components Integrated: ### ·Current Example Status: ### ·⚠️ Important Note for Users & Testers: ### ·Coming Soon:
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"chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.668, 0.928, 0.681], [0.285, 0.693, 0.427, 0.705]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2025 年茅台酱香酒公司的任务目标为销售额增速不低于贵州茅台过去5 年的平均增速（约14%）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.427, 0.693, 0.928, 0.705], [0.285, 0.717, 0.554, 0.729]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在费用投入方面，茅台酱香酒明年投入费用额度较2024 年计划增加15 亿元，增幅超50%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.554, 0.717, 0.928, 0.729], [0.285, 0.741, 0.622, 0.754]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其中，大单品茅台1935 将以500-800 元价格段，围绕长三角、珠三角、京津冀等地区精耕；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.622, 0.741, 0.928, 0.754], [0.285, 0.765, 0.696, 0.778]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，公司力争用2 年左右时间把茅台王子打造成茅台酱香酒的第二支百亿元大单品，预计或将加大铺货和投入力度，进一步抢夺大众消费市场。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.696, 0.765, 0.928, 0.778], [0.285, 0.79, 0.928, 0.802], [0.285, 0.814, 0.55, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，近期五粮液多地暂停供货。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.847, 0.588, 0.86]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们认为，虽然旺季停货较为罕见，但普五批价走势现阶段对经销商回款等方面也有较大影响，挺价重要性较高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.588, 0.847, 0.928, 0.86], [0.285, 0.872, 0.838, 0.884]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当前普五渠道库存相对不高，在旺季刚需的促进下，预计停货对价格的影响预计在相对短的时间内可实现。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.838, 0.872, 0.928, 0.884], [0.285, 0.896, 0.928, 0.908], [0.285, 0.92, 0.392, 0.933]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "根据酒价参考，普五1 月10 日当天批价已上涨5 元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.392, 0.92, 0.812, 0.933]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "结合1218 经销", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.812, 0.92, 0.928, 0.933]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.073, 0.966, 0.208, 0.977]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.728, 0.966, 0.911, 0.978]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.486, 0.968, 0.496, 0.975]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.087, 0.018, 0.363, 0.061]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.702, 0.05, 0.927, 0.063]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.013, 0.017, 0.083, 0.036]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "商大会上，五粮液已表示会“加大力度抓好产品量价平衡，破除经销商盈利问题“，我们认为本次旺季停货也彰显了公司对量价平衡、渠道利润保障的决心", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.285, 0.07, 0.937, 0.082], [0.285, 0.094, 0.832, 0.107]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "考虑到板块仓位回落幅度及时长相对充分，白酒作为顺周期板块，预期带动估值修复往往先于基本面。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.128, 0.928, 0.14], [0.285, 0.152, 0.48, 0.164]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从估值端来看，目前白酒板块虽较Q2 极低位置有所修复，但从历史估值来看仍处于较低水平，安全边际足够。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.48, 0.152, 0.936, 0.164], [0.285, 0.176, 0.696, 0.189]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "建议关注保价控量、具备降维打击、市占率提升能力的茅台、五粮液，以及alpha 势能延续的汾酒、古井。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.696, 0.176, 0.928, 0.189], [0.285, 0.2, 0.885, 0.213]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2 啤酒", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.357, 0.265, 0.397, 0.279]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "本周，青岛啤酒/华润啤酒/燕京啤酒/重庆啤酒/珠江啤酒/乐惠国际涨跌幅分别为2.4%/7.52%/-0.18%/2.88%/1.31%/-0.92%", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.292, 0.927, 0.305]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "销量方面，我们预计25 年全年啤酒销量将保持稳定，而啤酒板块各公司由于基地市场的不同，销量方面预计将有所差异。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.347, 0.928, 0.36], [0.285, 0.372, 0.62, 0.384]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "高端化方面，由于此前高端餐饮前期恢复进度略低于预期，一定程度上压制了高端档次啤酒的销售，但在各厂商高端化战略下，吨酒价格增速持续，23 年华润啤酒、青岛啤酒均保持了吨酒价格增速的中单位数增长，考虑到啤酒价格绝对值较低我们预计高端化趋势将得以延续。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.405, 0.928, 0.418], [0.285, 0.43, 0.928, 0.442], [0.285, 0.454, 0.919, 0.466], [0.285, 0.478, 0.55, 0.49]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "展望2025 年，我们认为啤酒市场总量增长预计较为有限，收入端增长主要来自结构升级，当前啤酒高端化升级方兴未艾，而高端啤酒更高毛利的属性，预计也将持续抬升各厂商的盈利水平。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.512, 0.928, 0.524], [0.285, 0.536, 0.928, 0.548], [0.285, 0.56, 0.517, 0.573]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，在我国终止对原产于澳大利亚的进口大麦征收反倾销税和反补贴税的背景下，大麦价格的下行预计将给啤酒企业贡献高端化以外的盈利弹性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.56, 0.928, 0.573], [0.285, 0.584, 0.928, 0.597], [0.285, 0.609, 0.391, 0.621]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "重点推荐高端化核心标的青岛啤酒、提效改革叠加大单品逻辑的燕京啤酒", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.642, 0.887, 0.655]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3 软饮料", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.357, 0.707, 0.418, 0.721]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "本周，东鹏饮料/李子园/香飘飘/承德露露/养元饮品/农夫山泉/欢乐家这几大主要软饮料上市企业的涨跌幅分别为-1.21%/0.09%/-0.76%/-1.72%/-1.36%/0.98%/0.42%本周，东鹏饮料/李子园/香飘飘/承德露露/养元饮品/农夫山泉/欢乐家这几大主要软饮料上市企业的涨跌幅分别为-1.21%/0.09%/-0.76%/-1.72%/-1.36%/0.98%/0.42%对比食品饮料板块的超额收益分别为-3.55%/-2.25%/-3.1%/-4.06%/-3.7%/-1.36%/-1.92%", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.734, 0.928, 0.747], [0.285, 0.758, 0.91, 0.772], [0.285, 0.783, 0.928, 0.795]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们维持此前观点，认为饮料板块中的个别公司有一定的超额收益机会，主要来自单个企业展现的复苏形态。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.838, 0.928, 0.85], [0.285, 0.862, 0.532, 0.874]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "总体来看，我们认为饮料板块复苏态势显著，但投资机会更多为个股α而非板块β，对于在该板块寻找投资机会而言，我们认为应精选具备两大要素的企业：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.895, 0.928, 0.908], [0.285, 0.92, 0.902, 0.932]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.072, 0.966, 0.209, 0.977]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.727, 0.966, 0.91, 0.977]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.485, 0.968, 0.496, 0.975]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.086, 0.018, 0.364, 0.061]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.702, 0.05, 0.926, 0.063]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.013, 0.017, 0.083, 0.036]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1）所处赛道潜力高：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.07, 0.488, 0.082]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在负贝塔环境中寻找阿尔法机会，往往收益也将被一定程度上抵消，因此我们应首选具备增长潜力的细分赛道，如无糖茶、能量饮料、植物蛋白饮料等；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.488, 0.07, 0.928, 0.082], [0.285, 0.094, 0.928, 0.107], [0.285, 0.118, 0.391, 0.131]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2）企业自身管理能力优秀：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.151, 0.541, 0.164]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "若企业自身管理能力较强，加之行业向好发展，往往能够取得较强的市场地位，基本面将同时享受行业扩容和格局改善的双重提振，而EPS 的高增往往伴随着市场信心的增强，PE 扩张将有望收获戴维斯双击的收益。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.541, 0.151, 0.928, 0.164], [0.285, 0.176, 0.928, 0.189], [0.285, 0.2, 0.931, 0.213]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "建议关注：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.325, 0.234, 0.413, 0.246]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1）功能饮料赛道龙头且逐步探索出第二增长曲线的东鹏饮料;", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.413, 0.234, 0.885, 0.247]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2）基本面具备积极预期的香飘飘。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.885, 0.234, 0.928, 0.246], [0.285, 0.258, 0.515, 0.271]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4 预调酒", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.357, 0.323, 0.418, 0.337]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "市场普遍对预调酒行业销量能否实现持续增长有一定的分歧，我们认为未来预调酒行业的规模将稳定扩张。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.35, 0.928, 0.363], [0.285, 0.375, 0.515, 0.387]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "a)从大方向出发，低度酒板块为全球销量占比最大的酒饮市场，我们认为伴随消费场景的持续丰富和消费习惯在代际变迁下的多样化，板块或存在结构性机会，而预调酒作为我国最具创新潜力的一大低度酒品类，预计将受益于该类消费趋势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.408, 0.928, 0.42], [0.285, 0.432, 0.928, 0.445], [0.285, 0.456, 0.902, 0.469]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "b)从行业出发，我们认为当前大众对预调酒的认知逐步提升，匹配的消费场景也逐渐开辟，如露营、飞盘、桌游等，行业已步入健康发展道路，预计行业规模将伴随新消费群体的崛起、新场景的开辟及消费习惯的高线城市化而有序扩容。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.49, 0.928, 0.502], [0.285, 0.514, 0.928, 0.527], [0.285, 0.539, 0.867, 0.551]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们认为，当前我国预调酒行业未来发展预计有三大路径：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.572, 0.779, 0.584]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1）城镇化率提升带动消费习惯高线化，预调酒触达面积增大，行业渗透率被动提升；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.779, 0.572, 0.928, 0.584], [0.285, 0.596, 0.803, 0.609]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2）“她经济”进一步发展，同时Z 世代崛起承接酒类主要消费群体，新消费场景和分众化的消费需求成为主流趋势，驱动具备个性化基因的预调酒行业扩容；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.803, 0.596, 0.928, 0.609], [0.285, 0.621, 0.928, 0.633], [0.285, 0.645, 0.761, 0.657]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3）行业供给侧推力增强，市场教育力度提升，即参与者增多，包括但不限于传统啤酒、饮料企业；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.761, 0.645, 0.928, 0.657], [0.285, 0.669, 0.892, 0.682]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "切割不同细分市场的大单品频频涌现，连线成面带动消费者认知深化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.892, 0.669, 0.928, 0.682], [0.285, 0.693, 0.797, 0.706]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们认为我国预调酒行业仍处于发展初期，消费人群和场景仍在培育中，短期内行业规模主升浪仍需要素积累，包括但不限于城镇化率提升、啤酒高端化增速放缓等，但长期来看，随着Z 世代崛起、消费场景的多元化，行业具备较大增长空间。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.727, 0.928, 0.739], [0.285, 0.751, 0.928, 0.764], [0.285, 0.775, 0.937, 0.788]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "百润股份作为预调酒行业龙头企业，公司历史行情通常为大单品所驱动的PE扩张，行情较快，操作上更适合左侧布局，目前公司威士忌已正式上市，当前公司25 年PE 为28 倍上下，我们认为具备较大赔率，重点推荐。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.809, 0.928, 0.822], [0.285, 0.833, 0.928, 0.846], [0.285, 0.857, 0.754, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Un 乳制品", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.357, 0.922, 0.418, 0.936]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.072, 0.966, 0.208, 0.977]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.728, 0.966, 0.911, 0.977]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.482, 0.968, 0.496, 0.975]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.284, 0.924, 0.298, 0.936]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.086, 0.018, 0.364, 0.061]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.702, 0.05, 0.927, 0.063]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.013, 0.017, 0.083, 0.036]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2 月7 日，主产区生鲜乳平均价3.12 元/公斤，环比1 月底-0.32%；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.07, 0.839, 0.082]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "本周，伊利股份/ 蒙牛乳业/ 光明乳业/ 天润乳业/ 新乳业涨跌幅分别为1.14%/5.79%/0.37%/3.94%/4.5% ，对比食品饮料板块的超额收益分别为-1.2%/3.45%/-1.97%/1.6%/2.16%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.839, 0.07, 0.928, 0.082], [0.285, 0.094, 0.928, 0.107], [0.285, 0.118, 0.928, 0.131], [0.285, 0.142, 0.545, 0.155]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们预计24 年原奶价格仍处于下行区间，企业端的降本控费、龙头乳企追求净利率目标、区域乳企新品新渠道的拓展拉动营收增长仍将是整个竞争格局的主旋律，双寡头伊利蒙牛的竞争趋于常态化，并且全国性乳企也在布局低温品类，蚕食区域乳企的竞争优势，全国性乳企的竞争优势更加明确。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.545, 0.142, 0.928, 0.155], [0.285, 0.167, 0.928, 0.179], [0.285, 0.191, 0.928, 0.203], [0.285, 0.215, 0.937, 0.228]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们认为产能去化仍需时间，奶价短期还将在低位，供需平衡的拐点预计将在25 年下半年到来。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.285, 0.24, 0.928, 0.252], [0.285, 0.264, 0.391, 0.276]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "重点推荐：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.297, 0.41, 0.31]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "利润导向明显的全国乳企巨头伊利股份，关注其产品结构优化带来的毛利率改善情况以及费用率投放情况.建议关注低温奶乳企新乳业", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.41, 0.297, 0.928, 0.31], [0.285, 0.322, 0.803, 0.334]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "6 休闲食品", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.357, 0.386, 0.438, 0.4]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "我国休闲零食行业受渠道革新红利影响较大，由于量贩零食渠道重度红利期已过，市场对板块渠道红利可持续性有一定担忧。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.414, 0.928, 0.426], [0.285, 0.438, 0.66, 0.45]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 175, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们认为，长期来看，量贩零食市场距离饱和期还有较远距离，从万辰集团的表现来看，受收入规模增长和门店密度的提升，量贩零食业务规模效应日益显现，同时仓储利用率和周转效率、拓展和运营人效持续提升，物流费率不断优化，推动量贩零食业务的费效比有效提升，带动量贩净利率仍在持续提升。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.66, 0.438, 0.928, 0.45], [0.285, 0.462, 0.928, 0.475], [0.285, 0.487, 0.928, 0.499], [0.285, 0.511, 0.928, 0.523], [0.285, 0.535, 0.497, 0.547]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 176, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "今年前三季度，万辰量贩零食业务累计营收202.28 亿元，净利润3.92 亿元，剔除计提的股份支付费用后净利润5.41 亿元；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.497, 0.535, 0.937, 0.547], [0.285, 0.559, 0.79, 0.572]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 177, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "单三季度实现累计营收95.54 亿元，净利润2.01 亿元，剔除计提的股份支付费用后净利润2.61 亿元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.79, 0.559, 0.928, 0.572], [0.285, 0.584, 0.933, 0.596]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 178, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随着龙头企业大量收并购，现阶段门店数量已不再是龙头企业的最高目标，随着行业格局逐渐清晰，量贩龙头在发展速度上更追求高质量、可持续地发展，行业从野蛮快速增长逐渐进入健康发展新阶段", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.285, 0.608, 0.928, 0.62], [0.285, 0.632, 0.928, 0.644], [0.285, 0.656, 0.567, 0.669]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，2024 年12 月18 日，微信团队宣布，微信小店正式开启“送礼物”功能的灰度测试，除去珠宝首饰、教育培训两个类目，商品款式原价不高于1 万元的商品将默认支持“送礼物”功能，带动板块大涨。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.69, 0.928, 0.702], [0.285, 0.714, 0.928, 0.727], [0.285, 0.738, 0.66, 0.751]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "节日需求叠加腾讯社交功能的一个过往案例是2015 年微信与央视春晚达成合作，用户可以通过微信“摇一摇”抢红包，微信官方数据显示，除夕当天微信用户互动总量达110 亿次，微信钱包绑卡用户突破2 亿，除夕至初八期间吸引超800 万用户。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.66, 0.738, 0.928, 0.751], [0.285, 0.763, 0.937, 0.775], [0.285, 0.787, 0.928, 0.799], [0.285, 0.811, 0.642, 0.824]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 181, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们认为，从长期视角来看，微信作为即时通讯APP，用户规模和用户使用频次上具有先天优势；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.642, 0.811, 0.928, 0.824], [0.285, 0.835, 0.767, 0.848]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 182, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从短期视角看，年货节拉开序幕，礼赠作为电商新场景，品牌受益大于白牌；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.767, 0.835, 0.928, 0.848], [0.285, 0.86, 0.731, 0.872]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 183, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "个股中，产品属性中礼赠属性较强、同时企业相对重视线上流量打造的企业或将率先收益。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.731, 0.86, 0.928, 0.872], [0.285, 0.884, 0.797, 0.896]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "零食步入年货节旺季、经销商备货积极叠加新渠道微信小店的催化，板块景气度维持在较好水平。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.918, 0.928, 0.93], [0.285, 0.942, 0.445, 0.954]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "建议关注西麦食品、甘源食品、三只松鼠。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.445, 0.942, 0.781, 0.954]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.072, 0.966, 0.208, 0.977]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.727, 0.966, 0.91, 0.977]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.486, 0.968, 0.496, 0.975]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.701, 0.05, 0.927, 0.063]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.086, 0.018, 0.364, 0.062]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.014, 0.017, 0.083, 0.036]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "7 调味品&餐产供应链", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.357, 0.101, 0.535, 0.115]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "本周（2.10-2.14）调味发酵品/预加工食品板块行情整体回暖，周涨跌幅分别达-0.51%/+3.21%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.128, 0.928, 0.141], [0.285, 0.152, 0.415, 0.165]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 194, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "主要标的表现方面，海天味业、安琪酵母、涪陵榨菜、天味食品、主要标的表现方面，海天味业、安琪酵母、涪陵榨菜、天味食品、中炬高新、安井食品、千味央厨本周对应涨跌幅分别为-1.46%/+2.49%/+0.75%/-2.04%/-2.26%/+4.84%/+2.84%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.415, 0.152, 0.928, 0.165], [0.285, 0.177, 0.928, 0.189]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "调味品板块建议把握需求景气度回升、成本费率优化的龙头标的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.235, 0.838, 0.247]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其中，酵母龙头安琪国内销售持续提速、海外保持高增，预计明年主业高增长势能延续；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.838, 0.235, 0.928, 0.247], [0.285, 0.259, 0.884, 0.271]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另外根据泛糖科技反馈，广西甘蔗糖蜜近期招标价底价已低于1100 元/吨，云南部分糖厂招标底价甚至低于1000 元/吨，故预计成本红利进一步提振公司利润弹性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.884, 0.259, 0.919, 0.271], [0.285, 0.283, 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"language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.821, 0.38, 0.928, 0.393], [0.285, 0.404, 0.928, 0.417], [0.285, 0.429, 0.731, 0.441]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "本周，恒顺醋业披露选举公司董事长公告：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.731, 0.429, 0.928, 0.441], [0.285, 0.453, 0.426, 0.465]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "选举郜益农为公司董事长，并作为代表公司执行公司事务的董事朱老六披露2024 年业绩快报公告：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.426, 0.453, 0.919, 0.465], [0.285, 0.477, 0.561, 0.49]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "公司24 年实现营收2.38 亿元，同比-1.38%；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.561, 0.477, 0.91, 0.49]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "归母净利润为2032 万元，同比-7.15%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.91, 0.477, 0.928, 0.49], [0.285, 0.502, 0.575, 0.514]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "速冻食品板块Q3 基本面相对承压，米面等细分赛道受弱需求下价格竞争影响，但预制菜肴景气度相对较好。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.535, 0.933, 0.547], [0.285, 0.559, 0.515, 0.572]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 206, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "预计Q4 传统速冻旺季环比改善，鉴于9 月中旬以后整体餐饮需求回暖，叠加25 年春节提前备货与节后补货，看好多数公司Q3 业绩触底反弹，Q4 开始基本面逐步改善。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.515, 0.559, 0.928, 0.572], [0.285, 0.584, 0.928, 0.596], [0.285, 0.608, 0.54, 0.62]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 207, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "调味品重点推荐安琪酵母：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.641, 0.535, 0.654]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "国内量的韧性强、海外增长势能高，新榨季成本红利超预期，将提振公司业绩增长弹性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.535, 0.641, 0.928, 0.654], [0.285, 0.666, 0.588, 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"global_sentence_id": 297, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "宠物总体市场规模增长减缓，但稳步向好。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9600000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.292, 0.66, 0.305]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 298, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "国内：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9600000, "bbox": [[0.66, 0.292, 0.713, 0.305]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 299, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在激烈竞争背景下，一级投融资步调放缓，腰部企业过去大额投放营销费用的模式或不可持续，看好品牌格局的进一步优化，另一方面，伴随费效比和营销策略打磨，叠加规模效应的显现，利润端的释放或可期待。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9600000, "bbox": [[0.713, 0.292, 0.928, 0.305], [0.285, 0.317, 0.928, 0.329], [0.285, 0.341, 0.928, 0.353], [0.285, 0.365, 0.463, 0.378]]}]}, 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"EDU_O"}], "type": "PDF"}	# 食品饮料春节旺季平稳度过，把握顺周期回升机会 ## 投资要点： ### 【白酒】考虑到板块仓位回落幅度及时长相对充分，白酒作为顺周期板块，预期带动估值修复往往先于基本面。从估值端来看，目前白酒板块虽较Q2极低位置有所修复，但从历史估值来看仍处于较低水平，安全边际足够。建议关注保价控量、具备降维打击、市占率提升能力的茅台、五粮液，以及alpha 势能延续的汾酒、古井。 ### 【啤酒】重点推荐高端化核心标的青岛啤酒、提效改革叠加大单品逻辑的燕京啤酒。 ### 【软饮料】建议关注： ### 【预调酒】百润股份作为预调酒行业龙头企业，公司历史行情通常为大单品所驱动的PE 扩张，行情较快，操作上更适合左侧布局，目前公司威士忌已正式上市，当前公司25 年PE 为28 倍上下，我们认为具备较大赔率。 ### 【乳制品】重点推荐利润导向明显的全国乳企巨头伊利股份，关注其产品结构优化带来的毛利率改善情况以及费用率投放情况。 ### 【休闲零食】年货旺季叠加新渠道微信小店的催化，板块景气度维持在较好水平。建议关注西麦食品、甘源食品、三只松鼠。 ### 【调味品&餐饮】调味品重点推荐安琪酵母：国内量的韧性强、海外增长势能高，新榨季成本红利释放有望提振公司业绩增长弹性。中炬高新：旺季、渠道备货前置叠加低基数催化下，改革红利逐步兑现等有助于盈利延续高弹性。推荐天味食品、宝立食品、安井食品。 ### 【烘焙供应链】烘焙供应链重点推荐立高食品：稀奶油高增，商超、餐茶饮渠道持续华福证券扩张，全年业绩弹性较强；海融科技：未来出海逻辑最为通顺，已有海外产能&渠道且有扩产预期，有望持续放量。 ### 【保健品&代糖】长期来看“银发一族”和“年轻一代”作为驱动行业增长的核心群体，在健康意识提升、老龄化背景下，行业发展动能充足、空间广阔。重点推荐百龙创园：膳食纤维、阿洛酮糖、益生元品类增长动能充足，关税落地成长无虞；建议关注：汤臣倍健、百合股份、科拓生物、莱茵生物（天然植提甜味剂）、华康股份（糖醇类甜味剂）。 ### 【餐饮】极致化供应链，快餐龙头的百胜中国；餐饮、食品以及宾馆业务三轮驱动，协同发展的同庆楼；业务立品牌，食品业务带来新增长的广州酒家；深耕下沉餐饮市场的呷哺呷哺。建议关注：海底捞、九毛九、全聚德、茶百道、小菜园。 ### 【宠物】推荐海内外双循环的中宠股份，自有品牌三大要素齐具的乖宝宠物，境外业务同环比改善、境内业务持续布局的佩蒂股份，出口业务具有较强弹性的依依股份，建议关注：流动性改善带来估值回升的路斯股份，食品和用品双轮驱动的源飞宠物。 ### 【黄金珠宝】需持续关注高金价下终端消费情况，等待旺季表现。推荐：产品及渠道双增长的潮宏基；结构调整基本完成，高股息的周大生；拥有强渠道和强品牌力，股改焕发新增长的老凤祥。 ### 风险提示 ## 一白酒 ## 2 啤酒 ## 3 软饮料 ## 4 预调酒 ## Un 乳制品 ## 6 休闲食品 ## 7 调味品&餐产供应链 ## 8 烘焙供应链 ## 0 保健品&食品添加剂 ## 10餐饮 ### 海底捞持续推陈出新，为企业餐饮树立行业新标杆。 ### 中国茶饮业迈入“万店时代”，综合实力铸就蜜雪冰城王座。 ## 11宠物 ## 12黄金珠宝 ## 13 风险提示
49836209-feed-4688-b67e-e0e158b5ab06	pdf	test/raw_pdf_files/49836209-feed-4688-b67e-e0e158b5ab06.pdf	null	{"entry_id": "49836209-feed-4688-b67e-e0e158b5ab06", "infos": [{"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 0, "bbox": [[0.054, 0.024, 0.32, 0.051]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 0, "bbox": [[0.732, 0.032, 0.955, 0.045]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "业绩短期承压，AI＋信创加速落地 2025年4月8日", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 100000, "bbox": [[0.095, 0.124, 0.527, 0.144], [0.842, 0.138, 0.949, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": 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"position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 936, "txt": "品牌文化与推广", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[50]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "利用瑜伽杂志广告和品牌宣言购物袋等方式进行推广，强化共同情绪价值的品牌文化，增强品牌认同感。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 938, "txt": "利用瑜伽杂志广告和品牌宣言购物袋等方式进行推广，强化共同情绪价值的品牌文化，增强品牌认同感。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[51]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第四，新品迭代：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 940, "txt": "第四，新品迭代：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[52]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "基于人群的新品开发", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 941, "txt": "基于人群的新品开发", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[52]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "根据超级女孩的需求和特点，开发相关的新品，满足用户多样化的需求。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 943, "txt": "根据超级女孩的需求和特点，开发相关的新品，满足用户多样化的需求。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[53]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第五，口碑运营：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 945, "txt": "第五，口碑运营：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[54]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "运营管理与口碑提升", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 946, "txt": "运营管理与口碑提升", "x": 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"2、人群战略下，产品营销转型", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[59]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/AgRt034Z5iL2gXVgwc5KaR.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 204, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/AgRt034Z5iL2gXVgwc5KaR.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[60]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "当全域碎片化的趋势下，从垂直目标人群的痛点到用户心智共识的共建，关注长效的LTV和NPS，而不仅仅单次的投放效率，这是全域运营下的营销结构改变。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 959, "txt": "当全域碎片化的趋势下，从垂直目标人群的痛点到用户心智共识的共建，关注长效的LTV和NPS，而不仅仅单次的投放效率，这是全域运营下的营销结构改变。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[61]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 99, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而下面这两个新品营销案例，我认为是有借鉴意义：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 961, "txt": "而下面这两个新品营销案例，我认为是有借鉴意义：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[62]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 100, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2aFUSz4ppGb81YUrnS4zYE8L.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 210, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2aFUSz4ppGb81YUrnS4zYE8L.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[63]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 101, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "案例1：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 963, "txt": "案例1：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[64]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 102, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "思念 “柿柿如意” 汤圆", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 964, "txt": "思念 “柿柿如意” 汤圆", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[64]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 102, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "思念利用小红书洞察确定情绪趋势和产品卖点，针对人们对好运的追求和对传统文化的喜爱，推出了 “柿柿如意” 汤圆，将柿子的吉祥寓意与汤圆相结合。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 966, "txt": "思念利用小红书洞察确定情绪趋势和产品卖点，针对人们对好运的追求和对传统文化的喜爱，推出了 “柿柿如意” 汤圆，将柿子的吉祥寓意与汤圆相结合。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[65]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "推广方式：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 968, "txt": "推广方式：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[66]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 104, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "依靠小红书的内容平台进行推广，通过 “玄学内容” 出圈，将汤圆打造成为好运标配的概念。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 969, "txt": "依靠小红书的内容平台进行推广，通过 “玄学内容” 出圈，将汤圆打造成为好运标配的概念。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[66]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 104, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时在小红书上发布与 “柿柿如意” 汤圆相关的有趣、吸引人的内容，如汤圆的制作过程、食用场景、寓意解读等，并且也吸引很多用户UGC和KOC内容加持，从而把新品上市热度给推高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 971, "txt": "同时在小红书上发布与 “柿柿如意” 汤圆相关的有趣、吸引人的内容，如汤圆的制作过程、食用场景、寓意解读等，并且也吸引很多用户UGC和KOC内容加持，从而把新品上市热度给推高。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[67]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 105, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1个月全网卖出1亿包的成绩表明，基于人群需求和兴趣的产品开发和内容营销方式，是能够有效达成品销合一，试想一下如果没有品牌面上支持，就算落到私域转化上也难以获得高转化效果。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 973, "txt": "1个月全网卖出1亿包的成绩表明，基于人群需求和兴趣的产品开发和内容营销方式，是能够有效达成品销合一，试想一下如果没有品牌面上支持，就算落到私域转化上也难以获得高转化效果。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[68]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 106, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "案例2：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 975, "txt": "案例2：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[69]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 107, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Lululemon 羽绒服", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 976, "txt": "Lululemon 羽绒服", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[69]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 107, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Lululemon通过小红书搜索发现了用户对羽绒服的需求，从而拓展到羽绒服品类。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 978, "txt": "Lululemon通过小红书搜索发现了用户对羽绒服的需求，从而拓展到羽绒服品类。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[70]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 108, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在产品研发上，可能会考虑到目标人群（如热爱运动、追求时尚的消费者）对羽绒服的功能、款式、颜色等方面的需求，打造出符合他们喜好的产品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 979, "txt": "在产品研发上，可能会考虑到目标人群（如热爱运动、追求时尚的消费者）对羽绒服的功能、款式、颜色等方面的需求，打造出符合他们喜好的产品。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[70]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 108, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在小红书上分享与 lululemon 羽绒服相关的穿搭、运动场景、产品优势等内容，展示羽绒服的时尚性、功能性和品质，吸引超级女孩们的关注和购买欲望，羽绒服人群渗透率+260%，成为羽绒服赛道Top10品牌成绩。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 981, "txt": "在小红书上分享与 lululemon 羽绒服相关的穿搭、运动场景、产品优势等内容，展示羽绒服的时尚性、功能性和品质，吸引超级女孩们的关注和购买欲望，羽绒服人群渗透率+260%，成为羽绒服赛道Top10品牌成绩。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[71]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 109, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这两个案例，一个是情绪洞察到产品创新，一个是品类洞察到产品拓展，但离不开对人群需求下的内容加持，特别是人群战略，对内容输出能力极高，因为绕不过从兴趣到购买意愿的转化过程。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 983, "txt": "这两个案例，一个是情绪洞察到产品创新，一个是品类洞察到产品拓展，但离不开对人群需求下的内容加持，特别是人群战略，对内容输出能力极高，因为绕不过从兴趣到购买意愿的转化过程。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[72]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 110, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3、品类为中心 vs 用户为中心", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 985, "txt": "3、品类为中心 vs 用户为中心", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[73]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 111, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/CInfd3hnKW54hsWHN2qklT8.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 237, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/CInfd3hnKW54hsWHN2qklT8.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[74]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "但是不是有了人群战略，但品类战略就不能用呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 987, "txt": "但是不是有了人群战略，但品类战略就不能用呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[75]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 113, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我认为并不是，上图就对两者差异总结得很清楚。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 988, "txt": "我认为并不是，上图就对两者差异总结得很清楚。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[75]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 113, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "特别在推广维度上，我展开讲讲我的想法：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 990, "txt": "特别在推广维度上，我展开讲讲我的想法：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[76]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 114, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1、以人群为中心的战略", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 992, "txt": "1、以人群为中心的战略", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[77]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 115, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "注重创造与用户相关、能够引起用户情感共鸣的内容。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 994, "txt": "注重创造与用户相关、能够引起用户情感共鸣的内容。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[78]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 116, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些内容不仅仅是关于产品的功能和特点，更关注用户的需求、兴趣和生活方式，旨在与用户建立深层次的连接，让用户对品牌产生喜爱和认同感。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 995, "txt": "这些内容不仅仅是关于产品的功能和特点，更关注用户的需求、兴趣和生活方式，旨在与用户建立深层次的连接，让用户对品牌产生喜爱和认同感。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[78]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 116, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在以人群为中心的战略中，产品是为人服务的，先确定了目标人群，再根据人群的特点和需求来开发产品和进行推广。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 997, "txt": "在以人群为中心的战略中，产品是为人服务的，先确定了目标人群，再根据人群的特点和需求来开发产品和进行推广。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[79]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，通过满足用户的情感和心理需求，吸引用户主动前来购买产品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 998, "txt": "因此，通过满足用户的情感和心理需求，吸引用户主动前来购买产品。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[79]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "例如，通过讲述用户的故事、展示用户的使用场景或者提供与用户兴趣相关的信息，来引发用户的共鸣和兴趣，从而让用户喜欢上品牌和产品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1000, "txt": "例如，通过讲述用户的故事、展示用户的使用场景或者提供与用户兴趣相关的信息，来引发用户的共鸣和兴趣，从而让用户喜欢上品牌和产品。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[80]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对应这种特质的行业，更适合人群为中心的营销战略。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1002, "txt": "对应这种特质的行业，更适合人群为中心的营销战略。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[81]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 119, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1）时尚、美妆、运动等注重个性化和生活方式的行业。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1004, "txt": "1）时尚、美妆、运动等注重个性化和生活方式的行业。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[82]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 120, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些行业的消费者对于产品的选择往往受到个人兴趣、风格和价值观的影响较大，因此需要根据不同人群的特点进行精准的产品研发和推广。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1006, "txt": "这些行业的消费者对于产品的选择往往受到个人兴趣、风格和价值观的影响较大，因此需要根据不同人群的特点进行精准的产品研发和推广。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[83]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 121, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2）服务型行业，如旅游、餐饮、娱乐等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1008, "txt": "2）服务型行业，如旅游、餐饮、娱乐等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[84]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 122, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这类行业的核心是提供满足消费者个性化需求的服务，因此需要以人群为中心，根据不同消费者的喜好和需求来提供定制化的服务。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1010, "txt": "这类行业的核心是提供满足消费者个性化需求的服务，因此需要以人群为中心，根据不同消费者的喜好和需求来提供定制化的服务。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[85]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 123, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2、以品类为中心的战略", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1012, "txt": "2、以品类为中心的战略", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[86]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 124, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "主要集中在清晰地传达产品的卖点和优势上。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1014, "txt": "主要集中在清晰地传达产品的卖点和优势上。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[87]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 125, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过广告宣传产品的功能、质量、性价比等特点，以吸引消费者的注意并促使他们购买。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1015, "txt": "通过广告宣传产品的功能、质量、性价比等特点，以吸引消费者的注意并促使他们购买。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[87]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 125, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种战略先确定产品，然后再寻找合适的销售渠道和目标市场。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1017, "txt": "这种战略先确定产品，然后再寻找合适的销售渠道和目标市场。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[88]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 126, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "推广的重点是让消费者直观地了解产品的特点和价值，以便在众多同类产品中脱颖而出。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1018, "txt": "推广的重点是让消费者直观地了解产品的特点和价值，以便在众多同类产品中脱颖而出。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[88]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 126, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "广告的目的是得够直接，展示产品的优势，让消费者认识到产品能够满足他们的需求，从而转化销售。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1019, "txt": "广告的目的是得够直接，展示产品的优势，让消费者认识到产品能够满足他们的需求，从而转化销售。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[88]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 126, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "下面这几类行业就非常适合品类为中心的营销策略。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1021, "txt": "下面这几类行业就非常适合品类为中心的营销策略。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[89]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 127, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1）日用品、食品等功能性较强的行业。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1023, "txt": "1）日用品、食品等功能性较强的行业。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[90]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 128, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "产品同质化程度较高，消费者在购买时更注重产品的功能和性价比，因此可以通过强调产品的特点和优势来吸引消费者。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1025, "txt": "产品同质化程度较高，消费者在购买时更注重产品的功能和性价比，因此可以通过强调产品的特点和优势来吸引消费者。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[91]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 129, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2）标准化程度较高的行业，如电子产品、家电等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1027, "txt": "2）标准化程度较高的行业，如电子产品、家电等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[92]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 130, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些行业的产品在功能、规格等方面比较容易标准化，消费者在购买时更注重产品的性能和质量，因此可以通过广告宣传产品的卖点来吸引消费者。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1029, "txt": "这些行业的产品在功能、规格等方面比较容易标准化，消费者在购买时更注重产品的性能和质量，因此可以通过广告宣传产品的卖点来吸引消费者。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[93]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 131, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但我认为需要注意的是，这两种营销战略并不是完全相互排斥，也没有说一定是A对B错，“广告”在效率优势是远大于单纯“内容”获取自然流，结合使用找出最优的组合搭配才是必要的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1031, "txt": "但我认为需要注意的是，这两种营销战略并不是完全相互排斥，也没有说一定是A对B错，“广告”在效率优势是远大于单纯“内容”获取自然流，结合使用找出最优的组合搭配才是必要的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[94]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 132, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "03 小红书，该怎么用好？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1033, "txt": "03 小红书，该怎么用好？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[95]/span[1]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "我发现刀法嘉宾分享的内容，60%以上的内容都在讲小红书怎么玩，不知道是否和刀法聚焦新消费等国内头部品牌营销分享有关，小红书确实是一个比较好去做高净值人群的平台。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1035, "txt": "我发现刀法嘉宾分享的内容，60%以上的内容都在讲小红书怎么玩，不知道是否和刀法聚焦新消费等国内头部品牌营销分享有关，小红书确实是一个比较好去做高净值人群的平台。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[96]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但有个问题是，除了刀法的分享，包括我看到很多市面分享更多是讲小红书内的自然流和付费流的玩法，其实还不够全面的点在于，从小红书公域到小红书私域或者微信私域的打法分享，目前市面是少之又少，反而在我这类做一线实战陪跑的从业者才会看到类似的观点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1037, "txt": "但有个问题是，除了刀法的分享，包括我看到很多市面分享更多是讲小红书内的自然流和付费流的玩法，其实还不够全面的点在于，从小红书公域到小红书私域或者微信私域的打法分享，目前市面是少之又少，反而在我这类做一线实战陪跑的从业者才会看到类似的观点。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[97]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但可能从侧面反映一点，目前大多商家痛点是在小红书公域完全玩不明白。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1039, "txt": "但可能从侧面反映一点，目前大多商家痛点是在小红书公域完全玩不明白。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[98]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 136, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以，小红书私域和跨平台私域运营才是下一阶段再考虑的课题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1040, "txt": "所以，小红书私域和跨平台私域运营才是下一阶段再考虑的课题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[98]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 136, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1、用好小红书，是大大的痛点", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1042, "txt": "1、用好小红书，是大大的痛点", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[99]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 137, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2jl2ON3t6YGYbaoeq4lS5sv.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 305, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2jl2ON3t6YGYbaoeq4lS5sv.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[100]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 138, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "特别小红书运营的行业痛点上，这些问题反而是品牌商家最关心的：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1044, "txt": "特别小红书运营的行业痛点上，这些问题反而是品牌商家最关心的：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[101]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 139, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "-新品成功率低，小红书上能成功在营销上站稳阵脚的仅有3.7%，且留给新品证明自己的时间只有 3 - 6 个月；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1046, "txt": "-新品成功率低，小红书上能成功在营销上站稳阵脚的仅有3.7%，且留给新品证明自己的时间只有 3 - 6 个月；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[102]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 140, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "-产品进入衰退期后，需要努力维持，企业面临放弃或抢救的抉择；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1048, "txt": "-产品进入衰退期后，需要努力维持，企业面临放弃或抢救的抉择；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[103]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 141, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "-曾经的明星产品也需要不断创新和维护。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1050, "txt": "-曾经的明星产品也需要不断创新和维护。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[104]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 142, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "-如何投放给对的目标用户、投放后效果不好如何解决以及监测哪些指标才有效等问题也亟待解决。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1052, "txt": "-如何投放给对的目标用户、投放后效果不好如何解决以及监测哪些指标才有效等问题也亟待解决。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[105]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 143, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这分享者总结了一套ODAR的小红书运营方法论，帮助大家系统定位小红书公域投放的打法。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1054, "txt": "这分享者总结了一套ODAR的小红书运营方法论，帮助大家系统定位小红书公域投放的打法。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[106]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 144, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2、ODAR运营地图", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1056, "txt": "2、ODAR运营地图", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[107]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 145, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/UdcNx2fVujp3D88gy1473mx.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 322, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/UdcNx2fVujp3D88gy1473mx.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[108]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 146, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "是一种以结果为导向，通过洞察、诊断、资源配置和监测来优化运营效果的方法，一共分为四个阶段：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1058, "txt": "是一种以结果为导向，通过洞察、诊断、资源配置和监测来优化运营效果的方法，一共分为四个阶段：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[109]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 147, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Observe（洞察阶段）、Diagnose（诊断阶段）、Allocate（资源配置）、Result（结果导向）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1060, "txt": "Observe（洞察阶段）、Diagnose（诊断阶段）、Allocate（资源配置）、Result（结果导向）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[110]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 148, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "前面定性阶段，不作解释，后面两个定量和实操动作，有有三个关键词，我认为有必要给大家划重点：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1062, "txt": "前面定性阶段，不作解释，后面两个定量和实操动作，有有三个关键词，我认为有必要给大家划重点：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[111]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 149, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1）KFS", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1064, "txt": "1）KFS", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[112]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 150, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小红书 KFS （KOL、Feeds、Search），即小红书付费投放的核心理论，卡垂类人群关注的账号+笔记赛马投放加持+卡长尾搜索词占位，我相信有做小红书运营的朋友是非常熟悉的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1066, "txt": "小红书 KFS （KOL、Feeds、Search），即小红书付费投放的核心理论，卡垂类人群关注的账号+笔记赛马投放加持+卡长尾搜索词占位，我相信有做小红书运营的朋友是非常熟悉的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[113]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 151, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这也是官方鼓励的水上打法，而对于我们做私域运营来说，付费流能带来稳定流量，但同时线索成本就高，那么在水下有大量对抗平台的玩法，矩阵和兼职等方式进行线索获取。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1068, "txt": "这也是官方鼓励的水上打法，而对于我们做私域运营来说，付费流能带来稳定流量，但同时线索成本就高，那么在水下有大量对抗平台的玩法，矩阵和兼职等方式进行线索获取。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[114]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 152, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于商家来说，获客的路子除了看官方打法，野生思路也是值得借鉴及参考。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1069, "txt": "对于商家来说，获客的路子除了看官方打法，野生思路也是值得借鉴及参考。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[114]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 152, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2）“人群资产规模”和“人群渗透率”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1071, "txt": "2）“人群资产规模”和“人群渗透率”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[115]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 153, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以笔记和算法为王的平台上，为什么要注重人群资产规模和人群渗透率呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1073, "txt": "以笔记和算法为王的平台上，为什么要注重人群资产规模和人群渗透率呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[116]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 154, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "核心就是为投放决策提供参考意见。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1074, "txt": "核心就是为投放决策提供参考意见。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[116]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 154, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "① 人群资产规模：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1076, "txt": "① 人群资产规模：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[117]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 155, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "与品牌账号发生关联，不仅是关注粉丝，还有笔记互动用户、私聊群聊用户、购买用户。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1078, "txt": "与品牌账号发生关联，不仅是关注粉丝，还有笔记互动用户、私聊群聊用户、购买用户。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[117]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 155, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "假设某美妆品牌在小红书上进行推广，目标是计算其在特定时间段内的人群资产规模：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1080, "txt": "假设某美妆品牌在小红书上进行推广，目标是计算其在特定时间段内的人群资产规模：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[118]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 156, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "首先，确定关注该美妆品牌的用户群体。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1082, "txt": "首先，确定关注该美妆品牌的用户群体。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[119]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 157, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些用户可能包括品牌的粉丝、关注者、以及与品牌相关内容进行过互动（如点赞、评论、分享）的用户。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1083, "txt": "这些用户可能包括品牌的粉丝、关注者、以及与品牌相关内容进行过互动（如点赞、评论、分享）的用户。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[119]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 157, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "假设在该时间段内，品牌的粉丝数量为10,000人，与品牌相关内容进行过互动的用户数量为5,000人。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1085, "txt": "假设在该时间段内，品牌的粉丝数量为10,000人，与品牌相关内容进行过互动的用户数量为5,000人。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[120]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 158, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "考虑用户的质量因素，例如粉丝的活跃度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1087, "txt": "考虑用户的质量因素，例如粉丝的活跃度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[121]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 159, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "假设通过分析发现，有3,000名粉丝在该时间段内经常与品牌互动（如多次点赞、评论或购买品牌产品），而其他粉丝相对较不活跃。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1088, "txt": "假设通过分析发现，有3,000名粉丝在该时间段内经常与品牌互动（如多次点赞、评论或购买品牌产品），而其他粉丝相对较不活跃。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[121]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 159, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "该美妆品牌的人群资产规模可以计算为：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1090, "txt": "该美妆品牌的人群资产规模可以计算为：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[122]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 160, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "10,000（粉丝数量）+5,000（互动用户数量）+3,000（活跃粉丝数量）=18,000人。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1091, "txt": "10,000（粉丝数量）+5,000（互动用户数量）+3,000（活跃粉丝数量）=18,000人。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[122]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 160, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "② 人群渗透率：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1093, "txt": "② 人群渗透率：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[123]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 161, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "即上述接触品牌的用户数量占目标人群总数量的比例。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1095, "txt": "即上述接触品牌的用户数量占目标人群总数量的比例。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[123]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3、CCTC投放增长模型", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1192, "txt": "3、CCTC投放增长模型", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[164]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 202, "global_sentence_id": 218, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "下面的这个CCTC的投放增长模型已经非常清晰，更是全域运营的模型，我试图对这模型进行梳理，场景-内容-人群-货品-私域的全域增长模型要点：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1194, "txt": "下面的这个CCTC的投放增长模型已经非常清晰，更是全域运营的模型，我试图对这模型进行梳理，场景-内容-人群-货品-私域的全域增长模型要点：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[165]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 203, "global_sentence_id": 219, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4cBkA841wWY84w6Mki4lUwER.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 476, "txt": "<img 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"content", "web_segment_id": 206, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当用户在小红书上被种草后，可能会前往其他平台或渠道进行购买，从而实现外溢成交，所以我们也注意到近期小红书也在开放搜索广告，可以通过私聊方式直接外跳添加企微私域的能力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1200, "txt": "当用户在小红书上被种草后，可能会前往其他平台或渠道进行购买，从而实现外溢成交，所以我们也注意到近期小红书也在开放搜索广告，可以通过私聊方式直接外跳添加企微私域的能力。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[169]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 207, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "包括之前也有看到内测小红书投放跳转淘宝商品页能力，这无疑释放出信号，小红书种草，站外成交的逻辑是走得通。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1201, "txt": "包括之前也有看到内测小红书投放跳转淘宝商品页能力，这无疑释放出信号，小红书种草，站外成交的逻辑是走得通。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[169]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 207, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这里需要得把公域货架电商体系和私域电商体系得完善，承接搜索流量。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1203, "txt": "这里需要得把公域货架电商体系和私域电商体系得完善，承接搜索流量。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[170]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 208, "global_sentence_id": 225, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二，在 CCTC 投放模型下，为什么不能忽视私域场建设？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1205, "txt": "第二，在 CCTC 投放模型下，为什么不能忽视私域场建设？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[171]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 209, "global_sentence_id": 226, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "私域场注重用户资产规模和人群复投能力的建设，通过与用户建立紧密的联系，提供个性化的服务和体验，能够提高用户的忠诚度，促使用户多次购买。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1207, "txt": "私域场注重用户资产规模和人群复投能力的建设，通过与用户建立紧密的联系，提供个性化的服务和体验，能够提高用户的忠诚度，促使用户多次购买。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[172]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 210, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "还能为后续人群包投放提供私域人群画像，反哺公域投放精准性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1208, "txt": "还能为后续人群包投放提供私域人群画像，反哺公域投放精准性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[172]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 210, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "人群复投能力则反映了用户对品牌的忠诚度和价值贡献，这些数据对于评估品牌的长期发展潜力至关重要。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1210, "txt": "人群复投能力则反映了用户对品牌的忠诚度和价值贡献，这些数据对于评估品牌的长期发展潜力至关重要。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[173]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 211, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "测试、筛选、定位和放量四个步骤来优化广告效果：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1212, "txt": "测试、筛选、定位和放量四个步骤来优化广告效果：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[174]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 212, "global_sentence_id": 230, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1DW4De4DdCt89Uep544u9wI.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 498, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1DW4De4DdCt89Uep544u9wI.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[175]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 213, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "① 测：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1214, "txt": "① 测：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[176]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 214, "global_sentence_id": 232, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在小红书 CCTC 投放四字策略中，测试期的目的是测试不同的广告笔记，以确定哪些笔记能够带来最高的转化率和最低的成本。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1216, "txt": "在小红书 CCTC 投放四字策略中，测试期的目的是测试不同的广告笔记，以确定哪些笔记能够带来最高的转化率和最低的成本。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[176]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 214, "global_sentence_id": 233, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在这个阶段，广告主会发布多篇广告笔记，并监控它们的性能，比如点击率（CTR）、每次点击成本（CPC）等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1218, "txt": "在这个阶段，广告主会发布多篇广告笔记，并监控它们的性能，比如点击率（CTR）、每次点击成本（CPC）等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[177]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 215, "global_sentence_id": 234, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此时的预算相对较低，例如每篇笔记不超过 1000 元，以便在不花费过多预算的情况下测试不同笔记的效果。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1219, "txt": "此时的预算相对较低，例如每篇笔记不超过 1000 元，以便在不花费过多预算的情况下测试不同笔记的效果。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[177]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 215, "global_sentence_id": 235, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，人群范围可能会从较宽泛的开始，逐步缩小到更精准的目标受众。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1221, "txt": "同时，人群范围可能会从较宽泛的开始，逐步缩小到更精准的目标受众。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[178]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 216, "global_sentence_id": 236, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "② 筛：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1223, "txt": "② 筛：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[179]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 217, "global_sentence_id": 237, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "筛选笔记的阶段旨在从测试期的广告笔记中筛选出表现最好的笔记。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1225, "txt": "筛选笔记的阶段旨在从测试期的广告笔记中筛选出表现最好的笔记。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[179]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 217, "global_sentence_id": 238, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "根据测试期的数据，选择那些 CTR 和 CPC 表现优秀的笔记。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1227, "txt": "根据测试期的数据，选择那些 CTR 和 CPC 表现优秀的笔记。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[180]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 218, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "筛选出优质笔记后，预算可能会增加，例如每篇笔记的预算提高到 3000 元以上。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1228, "txt": "筛选出优质笔记后，预算可能会增加，例如每篇笔记的预算提高到 3000 元以上。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[180]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 218, "global_sentence_id": 240, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，还会进一步细分人群，以找到最精准的目标受众。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1230, "txt": "此外，还会进一步细分人群，以找到最精准的目标受众。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[181]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 219, "global_sentence_id": 241, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "③ 定：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1232, "txt": "③ 定：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[182]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 220, "global_sentence_id": 242, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "定策略阶段的目的是确定最终的广告投放策略，包括投放的人群、预算和笔记。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1234, "txt": "定策略阶段的目的是确定最终的广告投放策略，包括投放的人群、预算和笔记。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[182]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 220, "global_sentence_id": 243, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在筛选出优质笔记后，广告主需要确定最终的投放策略，这可能包括选择特定的人群包、设定预算级别和优化笔记内容。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1236, "txt": "在筛选出优质笔记后，广告主需要确定最终的投放策略，这可能包括选择特定的人群包、设定预算级别和优化笔记内容。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[183]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 221, "global_sentence_id": 244, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在确定策略时，广告主需要确保预算至少达到品类赛道的平均预算，以确保有足够的曝光。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1237, "txt": "在确定策略时，广告主需要确保预算至少达到品类赛道的平均预算，以确保有足够的曝光。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[183]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 221, "global_sentence_id": 245, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，要寻找适当的精准人群，以提高广告的转化率。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1239, "txt": "同时，要寻找适当的精准人群，以提高广告的转化率。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[184]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 222, "global_sentence_id": 246, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "④ 放：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1241, "txt": "④ 放：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[185]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 223, "global_sentence_id": 247, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "放量笔记阶段是在确定了优质笔记和策略后，开始大规模投放广告。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1243, "txt": "放量笔记阶段是在确定了优质笔记和策略后，开始大规模投放广告。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[185]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 223, "global_sentence_id": 248, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "广告主会将预算和资源集中在表现最好的笔记上，以实现最大的广告效果。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1245, "txt": "广告主会将预算和资源集中在表现最好的笔记上，以实现最大的广告效果。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[186]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 224, "global_sentence_id": 249, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在放量阶段，预算会显著增加，以支持大规模的广告投放。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1247, "txt": "在放量阶段，预算会显著增加，以支持大规模的广告投放。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[187]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 225, "global_sentence_id": 250, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，广告主会抢占触达目标人群，以实现广告的最大覆盖。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1248, "txt": "同时，广告主会抢占触达目标人群，以实现广告的最大覆盖。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[187]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 225, "global_sentence_id": 251, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如这里提到认养一头牛通过这CCTC的投放模型，能做到最优笔记CPUV<5元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1250, "txt": "比如这里提到认养一头牛通过这CCTC的投放模型，能做到最优笔记CPUV<5元。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[188]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 226, "global_sentence_id": 252, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2jTgEu1T5rJC4mrneb1SebY7.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 537, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2jTgEu1T5rJC4mrneb1SebY7.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[189]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 227, "global_sentence_id": 253, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "我们可以将笔记在测试赛马期的表现分为四个象限，以CTR（点击通过率）和CPUV（每单位价值成本）为轴，进行笔记优化：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1252, "txt": "我们可以将笔记在测试赛马期的表现分为四个象限，以CTR（点击通过率）和CPUV（每单位价值成本）为轴，进行笔记优化：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[190]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 228, "global_sentence_id": 254, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "① 高 CTR & 高 CPUV（强转化笔记）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1254, "txt": "① 高 CTR & 高 CPUV（强转化笔记）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[191]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 229, "global_sentence_id": 255, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这类笔记在测试赛马期的表现为点击率高，但单位价值成本也高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1256, "txt": "这类笔记在测试赛马期的表现为点击率高，但单位价值成本也高。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[192]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 230, "global_sentence_id": 256, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这表明用户对笔记有较强的点击意愿，但转化效率有待提高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1257, "txt": "这表明用户对笔记有较强的点击意愿，但转化效率有待提高。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[192]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 230, "global_sentence_id": 257, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "针对这种情况，优化指导包括复制内容并进行细微调整，以寻求更优的转化效果；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1258, "txt": "针对这种情况，优化指导包括复制内容并进行细微调整，以寻求更优的转化效果；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[192]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 230, "global_sentence_id": 258, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对目标人群进行细分，以找到更精准的受众群体；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1259, "txt": "对目标人群进行细分，以找到更精准的受众群体；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[192]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 230, "global_sentence_id": 259, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于表现最优的笔记，应增加投入来扩大其影响力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1260, "txt": "对于表现最优的笔记，应增加投入来扩大其影响力。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[192]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 230, "global_sentence_id": 260, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "② 高 CTR & 低 CPUV（待优化笔记）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1262, "txt": "② 高 CTR & 低 CPUV（待优化笔记）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[193]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 231, "global_sentence_id": 261, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此类型笔记的特点是点击率高而单位价值成本低。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1264, "txt": "此类型笔记的特点是点击率高而单位价值成本低。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[194]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 232, "global_sentence_id": 262, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这说明用户点击意愿强，但可能由于内容或其他因素导致转化率不高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1265, "txt": "这说明用户点击意愿强，但可能由于内容或其他因素导致转化率不高。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[194]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 232, "global_sentence_id": 263, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "优化方向为考虑优化文案，增强笔记的吸引力和转化率；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1266, "txt": "优化方向为考虑优化文案，增强笔记的吸引力和转化率；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[194]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 232, "global_sentence_id": 264, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时要持续监测笔记的表现，留意是否有下降趋势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1267, "txt": "同时要持续监测笔记的表现，留意是否有下降趋势。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[194]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 232, "global_sentence_id": 265, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "③ 低 CTR & 高 CPUV（可筛除笔记）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1269, "txt": "③ 低 CTR & 高 CPUV（可筛除笔记）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[195]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 233, "global_sentence_id": 266, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这类笔记的点击率低且单位价值成本高，意味着用户点击意愿弱，且即使有点击，转化效率也不理想。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1271, "txt": "这类笔记的点击率低且单位价值成本高，意味着用户点击意愿弱，且即使有点击，转化效率也不理想。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[196]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 234, "global_sentence_id": 267, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在优化策略上，如果优化成本过高，可以考虑放弃这类笔记，以控制成本；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1272, "txt": "在优化策略上，如果优化成本过高，可以考虑放弃这类笔记，以控制成本；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[196]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 234, "global_sentence_id": 268, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在测试期后，如果笔记表现没有明显改善，建议暂停投放。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1273, "txt": "在测试期后，如果笔记表现没有明显改善，建议暂停投放。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[196]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 234, "global_sentence_id": 269, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "④ 低 CTR & 低 CPUV（考虑优化封面，提升 CTR）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1275, "txt": "④ 低 CTR & 低 CPUV（考虑优化封面，提升 CTR）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[197]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title4", "web_segment_id": 235, "global_sentence_id": 270, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种笔记在点击率和单位价值成本上都表现不佳，说明笔记的吸引力和转化效率都亟待提升。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1277, "txt": "这种笔记在点击率和单位价值成本上都表现不佳，说明笔记的吸引力和转化效率都亟待提升。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[198]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 236, "global_sentence_id": 271, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "优化措施包括优化封面设计，因为封面是吸引用户点击的关键，通过优化封面可以提升 CTR；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1278, "txt": "优化措施包括优化封面设计，因为封面是吸引用户点击的关键，通过优化封面可以提升 CTR；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[198]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 236, "global_sentence_id": 272, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时要提升内容质量，使笔记更具吸引力和价值。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1279, "txt": "同时要提升内容质量，使笔记更具吸引力和价值。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[198]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 236, "global_sentence_id": 273, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2oNcXL3q5atK1bHfWe3fx4TR.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 565, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2oNcXL3q5atK1bHfWe3fx4TR.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[199]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 237, "global_sentence_id": 274, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "笔记筛选的策略下，253法则则可以优化放量期的预算，以达成高效分配资源，预算合理利用，挖掘笔记长效潜力：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1281, "txt": "笔记筛选的策略下，253法则则可以优化放量期的预算，以达成高效分配资源，预算合理利用，挖掘笔记长效潜力：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[200]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 238, "global_sentence_id": 275, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "① 20%笔记承担80%的消耗", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1283, "txt": "① 20%笔记承担80%的消耗", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[201]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title4", "web_segment_id": 239, "global_sentence_id": 276, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这意味着将大部分的预算分配给表现最好的 20% 的笔记。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1285, "txt": "这意味着将大部分的预算分配给表现最好的 20% 的笔记。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[202]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 240, "global_sentence_id": 277, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些笔记通常是强转化笔记，即能够吸引用户点击并实现较高的转化效果。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1286, "txt": "这些笔记通常是强转化笔记，即能够吸引用户点击并实现较高的转化效果。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[202]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 240, "global_sentence_id": 278, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于这部分笔记，采取的策略是保持固定预算放量。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1288, "txt": "对于这部分笔记，采取的策略是保持固定预算放量。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[203]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 241, "global_sentence_id": 279, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "具体来说，对于低 CPUV（每单位价值成本）型笔记，要确保基础进店 UV（独立访客）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1289, "txt": "具体来说，对于低 CPUV（每单位价值成本）型笔记，要确保基础进店 UV（独立访客）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[203]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 241, "global_sentence_id": 280, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这是因为低 CPUV 表示获取每个用户价值的成本较低，而确保基础进店 UV 可以增加品牌或产品的曝光度，吸引更多潜在客户。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1290, "txt": "这是因为低 CPUV 表示获取每个用户价值的成本较低，而确保基础进店 UV 可以增加品牌或产品的曝光度，吸引更多潜在客户。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[203]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 241, "global_sentence_id": 281, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，对于可提升 CTR（点击通过率）的低 CPUV 笔记以及复制的第二梯队低 CPUV 笔记，可以进行接力投放。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1292, "txt": "同时，对于可提升 CTR（点击通过率）的低 CPUV 笔记以及复制的第二梯队低 CPUV 笔记，可以进行接力投放。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[204]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 242, "global_sentence_id": 282, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这意味着在强转化笔记的基础上，进一步挖掘具有潜力的笔记，通过持续的投放来提高其影响力和转化效果。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1293, "txt": "这意味着在强转化笔记的基础上，进一步挖掘具有潜力的笔记，通过持续的投放来提高其影响力和转化效果。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[204]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 242, "global_sentence_id": 283, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "② 剩余80%笔记用剩余20%预算进行测试&优化", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1295, "txt": "② 剩余80%笔记用剩余20%预算进行测试&优化", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[205]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title4", "web_segment_id": 243, "global_sentence_id": 284, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其余 80% 的笔记则使用相对较少的预算进行测试和优化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1297, "txt": "其余 80% 的笔记则使用相对较少的预算进行测试和优化。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[206]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 244, "global_sentence_id": 285, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些笔记可能在初期表现不够突出，但通过测试可以了解其潜力和问题所在。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1298, "txt": "这些笔记可能在初期表现不够突出，但通过测试可以了解其潜力和问题所在。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[206]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 244, "global_sentence_id": 286, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在测试过程中，可以根据点击率、转化率、CPUV 等指标来评估笔记的表现。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1300, "txt": "在测试过程中，可以根据点击率、转化率、CPUV 等指标来评估笔记的表现。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[207]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 245, "global_sentence_id": 287, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于有潜力的笔记，可以进行优化，例如优化文案、封面设计、内容质量等，以提高其吸引力和转化效果。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": 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"content", "web_segment_id": 252, "global_sentence_id": 296, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在此期间，通过发布护肤分享笔记进行内容营销吸引用户关注，开展商销买手混播展示产品特点和使用方法，并提前预告即将到来的促销活动。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1316, "txt": "在此期间，通过发布护肤分享笔记进行内容营销吸引用户关注，开展商销买手混播展示产品特点和使用方法，并提前预告即将到来的促销活动。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[215]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 253, "global_sentence_id": 297, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "平销期旨在以较为日常的方式维持销售和吸引用户兴趣。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1317, "txt": "平销期旨在以较为日常的方式维持销售和吸引用户兴趣。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[215]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 253, "global_sentence_id": 298, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "② 大促期", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1319, "txt": "② 大促期", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[216]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title4", "web_segment_id": 254, "global_sentence_id": 299, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "大促期促销力度更大，有 S 级大促活动，提供更多优惠和赠品，甚至推出顶配力度优惠。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1321, "txt": "大促期促销力度更大，有 S 级大促活动，提供更多优惠和赠品，甚至推出顶配力度优惠。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[217]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 255, "global_sentence_id": 300, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "买手种草强调产品性价比和限时优惠，举办买手专场明星直播利用明星效应和专业推荐吸引用户购买，突出重点活动强调稀缺性和重要性，同时设置限时抢购创造紧迫感。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1323, "txt": "买手种草强调产品性价比和限时优惠，举办买手专场明星直播利用明星效应和专业推荐吸引用户购买，突出重点活动强调稀缺性和重要性，同时设置限时抢购创造紧迫感。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[218]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 256, "global_sentence_id": 301, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "大促期需密切监控投放数据和销售情况，及时调整策略。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1324, "txt": 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{"atoms": [{"position_id": 621, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2Vdkgo46mg2bd2uuj312lmV.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[221]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 259, "global_sentence_id": 305, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1）品牌启动期", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1330, "txt": "1）品牌启动期", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[222]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 260, "global_sentence_id": 306, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "0-1品牌或历史无投放/投放收录情况差", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1332, "txt": "0-1品牌或历史无投放/投放收录情况差", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[223]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 261, "global_sentence_id": 307, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于刚起步的品牌或在小红书上几乎没有投放记录的品牌来说：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1334, "txt": "对于刚起步的品牌或在小红书上几乎没有投放记录的品牌来说：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[224]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 262, "global_sentence_id": 308, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第一，种草：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1336, "txt": "第一，种草：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[225]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 263, "global_sentence_id": 309, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "可以邀请小红书上的小众达人或初级博主进行产品试用分享，以真实的体验感来吸引用户。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1338, "txt": "可以邀请小红书上的小众达人或初级博主进行产品试用分享，以真实的体验感来吸引用户。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[225]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 263, "global_sentence_id": 310, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过他们的推荐，让潜在消费者了解产品的优势和特色，激发购买欲望。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1339, "txt": "通过他们的推荐，让潜在消费者了解产品的优势和特色，激发购买欲望。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[225]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 263, "global_sentence_id": 311, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如分享新品牌护肤品的使用感受、效果对比等内容。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1340, "txt": "比如分享新品牌护肤品的使用感受、效果对比等内容。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[225]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 263, "global_sentence_id": 312, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二，科普：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1342, "txt": "第二，科普：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[226]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 264, "global_sentence_id": 313, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "发布详细的产品介绍笔记，包括成分解析、适用肤质、使用方法等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1344, "txt": "发布详细的产品介绍笔记，包括成分解析、适用肤质、使用方法等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[226]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 264, "global_sentence_id": 314, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以图文并茂的形式让用户对产品有更深入的认识，建立品牌的专业形象。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1345, "txt": "以图文并茂的形式让用户对产品有更深入的认识，建立品牌的专业形象。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[226]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 264, "global_sentence_id": 315, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第三，曝光：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1347, "txt": "第三，曝光：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[227]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 265, "global_sentence_id": 316, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "利用小红书的基础曝光渠道，如话题标签、热门搜索关联等，增加品牌的可见度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1349, "txt": "利用小红书的基础曝光渠道，如话题标签、热门搜索关联等，增加品牌的可见度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[227]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 265, "global_sentence_id": 317, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然曝光的力度相对较小，但可以为后续的种草和科普打下基础。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1350, "txt": "虽然曝光的力度相对较小，但可以为后续的种草和科普打下基础。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[227]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 265, "global_sentence_id": 318, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2）品牌爆发期", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1352, "txt": "2）品牌爆发期", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[228]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 266, "global_sentence_id": 319, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1-10-100品牌且品牌已有清晰定位，但内容无法完成搜索占位", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1354, "txt": "1-10-100品牌且品牌已有清晰定位，但内容无法完成搜索占位", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[229]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 267, "global_sentence_id": 320, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当品牌在小红书上有了一定的发展，但搜索占位还不够理想时：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1356, "txt": "当品牌在小红书上有了一定的发展，但搜索占位还不够理想时：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[230]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 268, "global_sentence_id": 321, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第一，种草：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1358, "txt": "第一，种草：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[231]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 269, "global_sentence_id": 322, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "与中腰部博主合作，扩大产品种草的范围。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1360, "txt": "与中腰部博主合作，扩大产品种草的范围。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[231]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 269, "global_sentence_id": 323, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他们的粉丝群体相对较大，可以将品牌的定位更好地传达给目标用户。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1361, "txt": "他们的粉丝群体相对较大，可以将品牌的定位更好地传达给目标用户。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[231]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 269, "global_sentence_id": 324, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "例如，时尚品牌可以通过博主的穿搭示范来展示产品，吸引更多用户关注。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1362, "txt": "例如，时尚品牌可以通过博主的穿搭示范来展示产品，吸引更多用户关注。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[231]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 269, "global_sentence_id": 325, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二，曝光：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1364, "txt": "第二，曝光：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[232]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 270, "global_sentence_id": 326, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "投入一定的广告资源，如小红书的信息流广告、开屏广告等，提高品牌的知名度和曝光度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1366, "txt": "投入一定的广告资源，如小红书的信息流广告、开屏广告等，提高品牌的知名度和曝光度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[232]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 270, "global_sentence_id": 327, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "让更多用户在浏览小红书时能够看到品牌的推广内容。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1367, "txt": "让更多用户在浏览小红书时能够看到品牌的推广内容。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[232]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 270, "global_sentence_id": 328, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第三，科普：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1369, "txt": "第三，科普：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[233]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 271, "global_sentence_id": 329, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在用户对品牌有一定认知的基础上，进行更深入的产品科普。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1371, "txt": "在用户对品牌有一定认知的基础上，进行更深入的产品科普。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[233]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 271, "global_sentence_id": 330, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如通过视频教程、问答互动等形式，解答用户在使用过程中的疑问，增强用户对产品的信任度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1372, "txt": "比如通过视频教程、问答互动等形式，解答用户在使用过程中的疑问，增强用户对产品的信任度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[233]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 271, "global_sentence_id": 331, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3）品牌突围期", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1374, "txt": "3）品牌突围期", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[234]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 272, "global_sentence_id": 332, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1-10-100品牌且过往在站点已有内容沉淀但核心记忆点不突出", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1376, "txt": "1-10-100品牌且过往在站点已有内容沉淀但核心记忆点不突出", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[235]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 273, "global_sentence_id": 333, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于在小红书上有一定内容积累但缺乏突出记忆点的成熟品牌：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1378, "txt": "对于在小红书上有一定内容积累但缺乏突出记忆点的成熟品牌：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[236]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 274, "global_sentence_id": 334, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第一，科普：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1380, "txt": "第一，科普：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[237]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 275, "global_sentence_id": 335, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过专业人士或资深博主进行深度科普，突出品牌的独特价值和优势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1382, "txt": "通过专业人士或资深博主进行深度科普，突出品牌的独特价值和优势。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[237]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 275, "global_sentence_id": 336, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如美妆品牌可以邀请专业化妆师讲解产品的特殊功效和使用技巧，与竞争对手区分开来。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1383, "txt": "比如美妆品牌可以邀请专业化妆师讲解产品的特殊功效和使用技巧，与竞争对手区分开来。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[237]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 275, "global_sentence_id": 337, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二，种草：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1385, "txt": "第二，种草：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[238]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 276, "global_sentence_id": 338, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "持续进行产品种草，但要更加注重内容的创新和差异化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1387, "txt": "持续进行产品种草，但要更加注重内容的创新和差异化。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[238]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 276, "global_sentence_id": 339, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "例如，以创意的场景化展示、用户故事分享等方式吸引用户，维持品牌的热度和用户关注度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1388, "txt": "例如，以创意的场景化展示、用户故事分享等方式吸引用户，维持品牌的热度和用户关注度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[238]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 276, "global_sentence_id": 340, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第三，曝光：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1390, "txt": "第三，曝光：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[239]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 277, "global_sentence_id": 341, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "适当减少直接的曝光投入，将重点放在通过优质内容的传播来提升品牌的自然曝光。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1392, "txt": "适当减少直接的曝光投入，将重点放在通过优质内容的传播来提升品牌的自然曝光。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[239]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 277, "global_sentence_id": 342, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "可以与小红书上的热门话题结合，提高内容的曝光机会。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1393, "txt": "可以与小红书上的热门话题结合，提高内容的曝光机会。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[239]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 277, "global_sentence_id": 343, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4）品牌焕新期", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1395, "txt": "4）品牌焕新期", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[240]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 278, "global_sentence_id": 344, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "成熟品牌且内容同质化严重", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1397, "txt": "成熟品牌且内容同质化严重", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[241]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 279, "global_sentence_id": 345, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "成熟品牌在面临内容同质化问题时，", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1399, "txt": "成熟品牌在面临内容同质化问题时，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[242]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 280, "global_sentence_id": 346, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第一，曝光：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1401, "txt": "第一，曝光：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[243]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 281, "global_sentence_id": 347, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "进行大规模的创新曝光活动，如与小红书的热门 IP 合作、举办品牌活动等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1403, "txt": "进行大规模的创新曝光活动，如与小红书的热门 IP 合作、举办品牌活动等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[243]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 281, "global_sentence_id": 348, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "吸引新用户的关注，为品牌注入新的活力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1404, "txt": "吸引新用户的关注，为品牌注入新的活力。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[243]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 281, "global_sentence_id": 349, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二，种草：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1406, "txt": "第二，种草：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[244]/span[1]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 282, "global_sentence_id": 350, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "展示品牌的新变化和优势，邀请头部博主进行产品试用和推荐。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1408, "txt": "展示品牌的新变化和优势，邀请头部博主进行产品试用和推荐。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[244]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 282, "global_sentence_id": 351, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以时尚的视觉效果和新颖的内容形式吸引用户尝试新产品或服务。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1409, "txt": "以时尚的视觉效果和新颖的内容形式吸引用户尝试新产品或服务。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[244]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 282, "global_sentence_id": 352, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第三，科普：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1411, "txt": "第三，科普：", "x": 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"以上ppt图片来自刀法公开分享课件，本次整理和研读分享仅作为学习分享，希望能对你有所启发。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[246]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 284, "global_sentence_id": 356, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "而相应完整的课件，我也放在小绿书内，已订阅的朋友可以完整阅读。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1417, "txt": "而相应完整的课件，我也放在小绿书内，已订阅的朋友可以完整阅读。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[246]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 284, "global_sentence_id": 357, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对了，我的私域运营小绿书3.0迭代了，从小报童版本，增加了飞书知识库版本，双版本小绿书主体内容一致，会同步更新，但飞书版结构更清晰，体验更流畅，并扩展了外部知识库。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1419, "txt": "对了，我的私域运营小绿书3.0迭代了，从小报童版本，增加了飞书知识库版本，双版本小绿书主体内容一致，会同步更新，但飞书版结构更清晰，体验更流畅，并扩展了外部知识库。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[247]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 285, "global_sentence_id": 358, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "升级不升价，依然159元，现超20万字梳理，500+精编图表，超200+读者订阅加入交流社群（后续随读者增加和内容丰富会涨价哦）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1421, "txt": "升级不升价，依然159元，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[248]/span[1]/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 1423, "txt": "现超20万字梳理，500+精编图表，超200+读者订阅加入交流社群", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[248]/span[2]/strong"}, {"position_id": 1425, "txt": "（后续随读者增加和内容丰富会涨价哦）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[248]/span[3]/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 1427, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[248]/span[4]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 286, "global_sentence_id": 359, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "关于小绿书新增飞书版有多丰富，可以看视频解读：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1429, "txt": "关于小绿书新增飞书版有多丰富，可以看视频解读：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[249]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": 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第四，新品迭代：基于人群的新品开发 #### 第五，口碑运营：运营管理与口碑提升 ### 2、人群战略下，产品营销转型 #### 案例1：思念 “柿柿如意” 汤圆 #### 案例2：Lululemon 羽绒服 ### 3、品类为中心 vs 用户为中心 #### 1、以人群为中心的战略 ##### 1）时尚、美妆、运动等注重个性化和生活方式的行业。 ##### 2）服务型行业，如旅游、餐饮、娱乐等。 #### 2、以品类为中心的战略 ##### 1）日用品、食品等功能性较强的行业。 ##### 2）标准化程度较高的行业，如电子产品、家电等。 ## 03 小红书，该怎么用好？ ### 1、用好小红书，是大大的痛点 ### 2、ODAR运营地图 ### 3、CCTC投放增长模型 ### 4、产品阶段判定投放重点 #### 1）品牌启动期 ##### 0-1品牌或历史无投放/投放收录情况差 #### 2）品牌爆发期 ##### 1-10-100品牌且品牌已有清晰定位，但内容无法完成搜索占位 #### 3）品牌突围期 ##### 1-10-100品牌且过往在站点已有内容沉淀但核心记忆点不突出 #### 4）品牌焕新期 ##### 成熟品牌且内容同质化严重
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"到了一定年纪，经历了世事磋磨，看惯了人情冷暖再回望，才发现：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "金庸小说中不止有武有侠，更多的是人生哲思与处事智慧。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 368, "txt": "金庸小说中不止有武有侠，更多的是人生哲思与处事智慧。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "字字句句里，写的都是人生。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 369, "txt": "字字句句里，写的都是人生。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一．《射雕英雄传》", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 371, "txt": "一．《射雕英雄传》", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[5]/section[1]/section/section[2]/section[1]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "——“凡人有生必有死，生固欣然，死亦天命。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 373, "txt": "——“凡人有生必有死，生固欣然，死亦天命。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[5]/section[1]/section/section[2]/section[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "每一个生命体从诞生之日起，便注定了终将走向终结的命运。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 375, "txt": "每一个生命体从诞生之日起，便注定了终将走向终结的命运。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一观点，既是对生命脆弱性的清醒认识，也是对生命过程必然性的客观陈述。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 376, "txt": "这一观点，既是对生命脆弱性的清醒认识，也是对生命过程必然性的客观陈述。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在金庸的笔下，“生”被赋予了积极向上的情感色彩，它象征着新希望的萌芽、无限可能的开始，以及个体在世间独一无二的体验与旅程。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 378, "txt": "在金庸的笔下，“生”被赋予了积极向上的情感色彩，它象征着新希望的萌芽、无限可能的开始，以及个体在世间独一无二的体验与旅程。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "欣然接受生命的到来，是对生命价值的肯定，也是对生活美好面的积极拥抱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 379, "txt": "欣然接受生命的到来，是对生命价值的肯定，也是对生活美好面的积极拥抱。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3WnqVQ1vloyM4Bt2oD1tDZz2.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 90, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3WnqVQ1vloyM4Bt2oD1tDZz2.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "这里的“天命”，指的是不可抗拒的命运安排，是宇宙间更高层次法则的体现。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 381, "txt": "这里的“天命”，指的是不可抗拒的命运安排，是宇宙间更高层次法则的体现。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "金庸通过这一表述，传递了一种超脱生死、顺应自然的生命态度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 382, "txt": "金庸通过这一表述，传递了一种超脱生死、顺应自然的生命态度。", "x": 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{"atoms": [{"position_id": 387, "txt": "——“他强由他强，清风拂山冈。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[10]/section/section[2]/section[2]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他横任他横，明月照大江。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 388, "txt": "他横任他横，明月照大江。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[10]/section/section[2]/section[2]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "金庸小说《倚天屠龙记》里，隐居幽谷时，张无忌曾反复诵读九阳真经中的这段口诀，却始终不明其中之理：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 390, "txt": "金庸小说《倚天屠龙记》里，隐居幽谷时，张无忌曾反复诵读九阳真经中的这段口诀，却始终不明其中之理：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[12]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他强由他强，清风拂山冈。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 392, "txt": "他强由他强，清风拂山冈。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[13]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他横任他横，明月照大江。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 393, "txt": "他横任他横，明月照大江。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[13]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4kCj1GajLJbZY96X2XoSjb.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 125, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4kCj1GajLJbZY96X2XoSjb.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[4]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "直到对阵灭绝师太时，才体会到口诀的深意。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 395, "txt": "直到对阵灭绝师太时，才体会到口诀的深意。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[15]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果能做到像山岗一样岿立不动，即使清风再强大，也是吹不动的；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 396, "txt": "如果能做到像山岗一样岿立不动，即使清风再强大，也是吹不动的；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[15]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果能做到像大江一样波澜不惊，心止如水，即使明月怎么照，也不会影响到心境。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 397, "txt": "如果能做到像大江一样波澜不惊，心止如水，即使明月怎么照，也不会影响到心境。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[15]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以灭绝师太之强横狠恶，张无忌决非其敌，但按照九阳真经中的要义，不论敌人如何强猛、如何凶恶，尽可当他是清风拂山，明月映江。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 399, "txt": "以灭绝师太之强横狠恶，张无忌决非其敌，但按照九阳真经中的要义，不论敌人如何强猛、如何凶恶，尽可当他是清风拂山，明月映江。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽能加于己身，却不能有丝毫损伤。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 400, "txt": "虽能加于己身，却不能有丝毫损伤。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这几句话，蕴含着不仅是禅理，还有许多为人处事的道理。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 401, "txt": "这几句话，蕴含着不仅是禅理，还有许多为人处事的道理。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中庸，是种随和的处事态度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 403, "txt": "中庸，是种随和的处事态度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[17]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不强求、不偏颇、不极端、不激进，一切顺其自然。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 404, "txt": "不强求、不偏颇、不极端、不激进，一切顺其自然。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[17]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不管他人如何强横恶狠，任凭外界如何变幻，守住正气，固守本心。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 405, "txt": "不管他人如何强横恶狠，任凭外界如何变幻，守住正气，固守本心。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[17]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "按照自己的节奏，做好自己该做的事情，便是修心的最高境界。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 406, "txt": "按照自己的节奏，做好自己该做的事情，便是修心的最高境界。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[17]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "三．《笑傲江湖》", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 408, "txt": "三．《笑傲江湖》", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[18]/section/section[2]/section[1]/span/strong/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "——“千辛万苦求得之物，终究不过手中沙。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 410, "txt": "——“千辛万苦求得之物，终究不过手中沙。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[18]/section/section[2]/section[2]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, 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"position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 240, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4vB3LZ1SPF7MEwxCq1rBHjb.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "如《侠客行》中的石破天本是懵懂少年，却因机缘踏入江湖。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 456, "txt": "如《侠客行》中的石破天本是懵懂少年，却因机缘踏入江湖。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[39]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他的善良与单纯让他在复杂环境中始终保持清醒，虽被误认、历经磨难，却因这份“糊涂”获得信任与帮助，最终成为长乐帮帮主，与阿绣成婚，收获幸福。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 457, "txt": "他的善良与单纯让他在复杂环境中始终保持清醒，虽被误认、历经磨难，却因这份“糊涂”获得信任与帮助，最终成为长乐帮帮主，与阿绣成婚，收获幸福。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[39]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他的“糊涂”实则是对江湖复杂性的超然，因坚守本心而赢得人生。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 458, "txt": "他的“糊涂”实则是对江湖复杂性的超然，因坚守本心而赢得人生。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[39]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "石中玉则与之相反。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 460, "txt": "石中玉则与之相反。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[40]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他聪明伶俐，却因贪图名利、作恶多端，最终众叛亲离，落得悲惨下场。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 461, "txt": "他聪明伶俐，却因贪图名利、作恶多端，最终众叛亲离，落得悲惨下场。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[40]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他的聪明被名利场的风浪裹挟，作茧自缚，最终输得一败涂地。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 462, "txt": "他的聪明被名利场的风浪裹挟，作茧自缚，最终输得一败涂地。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[40]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "天地四方，无处不是江湖，无处不充满着人与人之间的关系、利益的博弈和情感的纠葛。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 464, "txt": "天地四方，无处不是江湖，无处不充满着人与人之间的关系、利益的博弈和情感的纠葛。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[41]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "江湖的复杂性在于，它既有侠义之气、兄弟情谊，也有尔虞我诈、利益争夺。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 465, "txt": "江湖的复杂性在于，它既有侠义之气、兄弟情谊，也有尔虞我诈、利益争夺。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[41]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在名利场中，人们往往把“赢”定义为获得更多的财富、更高的地位，但这种“赢”往往是表面的、暂时的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 466, "txt": "在名利场中，人们往往把“赢”定义为获得更多的财富、更高的地位，但这种“赢”往往是表面的、暂时的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[41]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而真正的“赢”，应该是内心的满足、情感的充实和道德的坚守。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 467, "txt": "而真正的“赢”，应该是内心的满足、情感的充实和道德的坚守。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[41]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "真正的智慧不是追求名利，而是看透名利的虚幻，坚守内心的平静和善良。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 468, "txt": "真正的智慧不是追求名利，而是看透名利的虚幻，坚守内心的平静和善良。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[41]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "◆◆◆", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 470, "txt": "◆", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[42]/section[1]/section/article/p[1]/strong/span/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 472, "txt": "◆", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[42]/section[1]/section/article/p[1]/strong/span/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 474, "txt": "◆", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[42]/section[1]/section/article/p[1]/strong/span/span[3]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "你心中有哪段金庸，令你印象深刻？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 476, "txt": "你心中有哪段金庸，令你印象深刻？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[42]/section[1]/section/article/p[2]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "来源：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 478, "txt": "来源：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "source", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "中国新闻社（cns1952）综合自：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 479, "txt": "中国新闻社（cns1952）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 481, "txt": "综合自：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "source", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "综合自帆书、CCTV电视剧等", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 483, "txt": "综合自帆书、CCTV电视剧等", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "source", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "编辑：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 485, "txt": "编辑：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "臧赫张萌（实习）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 486, "txt": "臧赫张萌（实习）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "审校：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 488, "txt": "审校：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "魏园", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 489, "txt": "魏园", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "责编：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 491, "txt": "责编：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "宋方灿", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 492, "txt": "宋方灿", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "普通人不要提前焦虑", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 494, "txt": "普通人不要提前焦虑", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[43]/a/section/section/section[2]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "钱，是会选人的", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 496, "txt": "钱，是会选人的", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[44]/a/section/section/section[2]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 99, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "新的一年，大家多发朋友圈", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 498, "txt": "新的一年，大家多发朋友圈", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[45]/a/section/section/section[2]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 105, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 中国新闻社 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 500, "txt": "\n 中国新闻社 ", "x": "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 123, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 读懂这五句话，才读懂了金庸 ## 一．《射雕英雄传》——“凡人有生必有死，生固欣然，死亦天命。” ## 二．《倚天屠龙记》——“他强由他强，清风拂山冈。他横任他横，明月照大江。” ## 三．《笑傲江湖》——“千辛万苦求得之物，终究不过手中沙。” ## 四．《书剑恩仇录》——“慧极必伤，情深不寿，强极则辱，谦谦君子，温润如玉。” ## 五．《侠客行》——“天地四方为江湖，世人聪明反糊涂。名利场上风浪起，赢到头来却是输。”
c97f4c9e-633e-4096-9123-b60a3712f8f9	pdf	test/raw_pdf_files/c97f4c9e-633e-4096-9123-b60a3712f8f9.pdf	null	{"entry_id": "c97f4c9e-633e-4096-9123-b60a3712f8f9", "infos": [{"txt": "FrustumFusionNets:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 0, "bbox": [[0.156, 0.094, 0.393, 0.115]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": " A Three-Dimensional Object Detection Network Based on Tractor Road Scene", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 0, "bbox": [[0.393, 0.094, 0.843, 0.115], [0.278, 0.131, 0.721, 0.152]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "Lili Yang a, b, Mengshuai Chang a, b, Xiao Guo a, b, Yuxin Feng a, Yiwen Mei a, Caicong Wu a, b, ", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.162, 0.82, 0.177]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "a.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 200000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.2, 0.163, 0.213]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 200000, "bbox": [[0.163, 0.2, 0.848, 0.213], [0.151, 0.218, 0.191, 0.231]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "b.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 300000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.237, 0.164, 0.25]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Key Laboratory of Agricultural Machinery Monitoring and Big Data Applications, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 300000, "bbox": [[0.164, 0.237, 0.852, 0.25], [0.151, 0.255, 0.51, 0.268]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Abstract:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.148, 0.298, 0.853, 0.914]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 7, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": " To address the issues of the existing frustum-based methods' underutilization of image information in road three-dimensional object detection as well as the lack of research on agricultural scenes, we constructed an object detection dataset using an 80-line Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) and a camera in a complex tractor road scene and proposed a new network called FrustumFusionNets (FFNets).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.148, 0.298, 0.853, 0.914]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Initially, we utilize the results of image-based two-dimensional object detection to narrow down the search region in the three-dimensional space of the point cloud.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.148, 0.298, 0.853, 0.914]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Next, we introduce a Gaussian mask to enhance the point cloud information.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.148, 0.298, 0.853, 0.914]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Then, we extract the features from the frustum point cloud and the crop image using the point cloud feature extraction pipeline and the image feature extraction pipeline, respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.148, 0.298, 0.853, 0.914]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Finally, we concatenate and fuse the data features from both modalities to achieve three-dimensional object detection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.148, 0.298, 0.853, 0.914]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Experiments demonstrate that on the constructed test set of tractor road data, the FrustumFusionNetv2 achieves 82.28% and 95.68% accuracy in the three-dimensional object detection of the two main road objects, cars and people, respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.148, 0.298, 0.853, 0.914]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This performance is 1.83% and 2.33% better than the original model.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.148, 0.298, 0.853, 0.914]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It offers a hybrid fusion-based multi-object, high-precision, real-time three-dimensional object detection technique for unmanned agricultural machines in tractor road scenarios.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.148, 0.298, 0.853, 0.914]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "On the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute (KITTI) Benchmark Suite validation set, the FrustumFusionNetv2 also demonstrates significant superiority in detecting road pedestrian objects compared with other frustum-based three-dimensional object detection", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.148, 0.298, 0.853, 0.914]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "methods.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.098, 0.212, 0.111]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Keywords:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.135, 0.225, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " tractor road; multi-source sensors; frustum; hybrid fusion; three-dimensional object detection; neural networks;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.225, 0.135, 0.853, 0.148], [0.151, 0.172, 0.263, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 500000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.232, 0.164, 0.246]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Introduction", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 500000, "bbox": [[0.164, 0.232, 0.265, 0.246]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "With the development of modern agriculture, unmanned farms have become an important part of intelligent agriculture, and intelligent farm machinery is the material support of unmanned farms(Luo et al., 2021).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 600000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.293, 0.852, 0.306], [0.151, 0.33, 0.848, 0.343], [0.151, 0.367, 0.219, 0.38]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the realm of agriculture, tractor roads present a complex scene for unmanned farm machines due to the absence of clear traffic signs and the diversity of objects present.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 600000, "bbox": [[0.219, 0.367, 0.849, 0.38], [0.151, 0.404, 0.689, 0.417]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Accurately identifying obstacles on these roads is essential for farm machinery's intelligent operation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 600000, "bbox": [[0.689, 0.404, 0.852, 0.417], [0.151, 0.441, 0.679, 0.455]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the field of 3D object detection, numerous methods based on multi-source sensor data fusion have been proposed, with the most extensive research focusing on the fusion of RGB camera and LiDAR(Mao et al., 2023).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.478, 0.852, 0.492], [0.151, 0.516, 0.852, 0.529], [0.151, 0.553, 0.325, 0.566]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Currently, the fusion methods of camera and LiDAR are mainly classified into three categories: early-fusion methods(Paigwar et al., 2021a; Qi et al., 2018a; Shin et al., 2019; Vora et al., 2020; Z. Wang & Jia, 2019a), which aim to merge the knowledge of the image into the point cloud, and use the rich contextual information of the image to assist in the enhancement of 3D detection of the point cloud; and intermediate-fusion methods(Bai et al., 2022; Chen et al., 2017a, 2023; Ku et al., 2018; Li, Qi, et al., 2022; Yoo et al., 2020), which aim to fuse the previously extracted features of the point cloud and the image in the stage of backbone network, proposal generation, or ROI refinement in order to complete the final detection; Late-fusion methods(Pang et al., 2020, 2022) are aimed at postprocessing the outputs of the point cloud-based 3D object detector and the image-based 2D detector to produce more accurate detection results.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.325, 0.553, 0.848, 0.566], [0.151, 0.59, 0.852, 0.603], [0.151, 0.627, 0.848, 0.64], [0.151, 0.664, 0.848, 0.677], [0.151, 0.701, 0.852, 0.714], [0.151, 0.738, 0.848, 0.751], [0.151, 0.775, 0.848, 0.788], [0.151, 0.812, 0.848, 0.825], [0.151, 0.849, 0.848, 0.862], [0.151, 0.886, 0.421, 0.899]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Some of the early-fusion methods(Shin et al., 2019; Vora et al.,", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.421, 0.886, 0.848, 0.899]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2020) retain more information about the original data, but the huge amount of data requires high computational power.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.098, 0.848, 0.111], [0.151, 0.135, 0.299, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The intermediate-fusion methods simultaneously simplify data processing and extract valuable feature information from various modalities.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.299, 0.135, 0.848, 0.148], [0.151, 0.172, 0.586, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, various feature extraction methods significantly influence the fusion effect and are highly sensitive to feature selection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.586, 0.172, 0.848, 0.185], [0.151, 0.209, 0.775, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, late-fusion methods offer a significant degree of flexibility and scalability.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.775, 0.209, 0.848, 0.222], [0.151, 0.246, 0.65, 0.259]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, there is a high loss of detail in the data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.65, 0.246, 0.848, 0.259], [0.151, 0.283, 0.285, 0.296]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Most of the existing methods are primarily designed for urban scenes, and research focused on agricultural environments is still in its early stages.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.32, 0.848, 0.333], [0.151, 0.357, 0.499, 0.37]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the rural tractor road scene, the object has more distinct class characteristics than the urban road.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.499, 0.357, 0.848, 0.37], [0.151, 0.394, 0.481, 0.407]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "At the same time, due to the lack of road neatness on the tractor road and the occlusion formed by trees and debris along the roadside, these complex environmental factors significantly enhance the difficulty of 3D object detection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.481, 0.394, 0.852, 0.407], [0.151, 0.431, 0.848, 0.444], [0.151, 0.468, 0.687, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We propose a 3D object detection network called FrustumFusionNets (hereinafter referred to as FFNets) based on the fusion of RGB image and LiDAR point clouds in frustum space.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.687, 0.468, 0.852, 0.481], [0.151, 0.505, 0.853, 0.519], [0.151, 0.542, 0.524, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Initially, we gather data synchronously on rural roads using a monocular camera and an 80-line LiDAR, creating an object detection dataset specifically for tractor roads.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.524, 0.542, 0.849, 0.556], [0.151, 0.58, 0.848, 0.593], [0.151, 0.617, 0.272, 0.63]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After that, we use a hybrid fusion method that combines the early-fusion and intermediate-fusion paradigms, first figuring out the object's 2D bounding box.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.272, 0.617, 0.848, 0.63], [0.151, 0.654, 0.677, 0.667]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We then restrict LiDAR's search space to the frustum, extract features from the point cloud and crop image, and concatenate and fuse these features, ultimately detecting the object's 3D attitude.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.677, 0.654, 0.852, 0.667], [0.151, 0.691, 0.853, 0.704], [0.151, 0.728, 0.58, 0.741]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The contributions of this paper are mainly listed as follows:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 900000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.765, 0.585, 0.778]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(1) We construct an object detection dataset based on an 80-line LiDAR and RGB camera in a complex tractor road scene, which includes people in various postures, cars, cyclists, bicycles, trucks, freight tricycles, and a total of six categories of objects.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.802, 0.852, 0.815], [0.217, 0.839, 0.848, 0.852], [0.217, 0.876, 0.638, 0.889]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(2) We propose a 3D object detection network, FrustumFusionNets.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.098, 0.661, 0.111]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This network introduces a Gaussian mask mechanism and further fuses the point cloud features with the image features in the detection stage, which improves the 3D object detection accuracy through hybrid fusion.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.661, 0.098, 0.853, 0.111], [0.217, 0.135, 0.848, 0.148], [0.217, 0.172, 0.848, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(3) On the constructed tractor road data, our method significantly improves the 3D object detection accuracy, distance error, and orientation error of six categories of objects compared with the original model.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1200000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.209, 0.848, 0.222], [0.217, 0.246, 0.848, 0.259], [0.217, 0.283, 0.319, 0.296]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, our method outperforms other frustum-based 3D object detection methods in detecting the pedestrian category on the KITTI validation set.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1200000, "bbox": [[0.319, 0.283, 0.848, 0.296], [0.217, 0.32, 0.708, 0.333]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.377, 0.164, 0.391]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Related work", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.164, 0.377, 0.27, 0.391]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In recent years, 3D object detection algorithms based on deep learning have achieved remarkable results.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.434, 0.848, 0.447], [0.151, 0.471, 0.199, 0.484]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "And because of the excellent complementary performance of the camera and LiDAR, the fusion method based on the camera and LiDAR has higher detection performance compared with other methods.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.199, 0.471, 0.848, 0.484], [0.151, 0.508, 0.848, 0.521]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.1 End-to-end 3D object detection network", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.559, 0.464, 0.573]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The ContFuse (Liang et al., 2018) significantly improves the accuracy of 3D object detection by mapping image features to the bird's-eye view (BEV) space and combining it with the two-stream network architecture to achieve deep continuous fusion of point clouds and image features at the multiscale level.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.597, 0.854, 0.916]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Aiming at the unavoidable information loss problem during image projection, EPNet (Huang et al., 2020) proposes a point-based correspondence establishment method to adaptively evaluate the importance of image semantic features.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.597, 0.854, 0.916]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "On this basis, EPNet++ (Liu et al., 2022) further innovatively introduces the CB-Fusion module to generate more discriminative and comprehensive feature representations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.597, 0.854, 0.916]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The BEVFusion (Liu et al., 2023), on the other hand, effectively mitigates the dependence on image depth estimation by projecting fine-grained image features into the BEV space and", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.597, 0.854, 0.916]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "fusing them with LiDAR features.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.098, 0.392, 0.111]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In addition, some research projects adopt knowledge distillation techniques to achieve the fusion of multimodal information.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.392, 0.098, 0.848, 0.111], [0.151, 0.135, 0.547, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, LIGA-Stereo (Guo et al., 2021) transfers geometrically-aware representations of point clouds to stereo images through knowledge distillation to facilitate information interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.547, 0.135, 0.848, 0.148], [0.151, 0.172, 0.849, 0.185], [0.151, 0.209, 0.476, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The UVTR (Li, Chen, et al., 2022) approach further characterizes images and point clouds in a unified manner while supporting cross-modal fusion and knowledge migration, enabling effective distillation from multimodal or continuous frames to a single input.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.476, 0.209, 0.848, 0.222], [0.151, 0.246, 0.848, 0.259], [0.151, 0.283, 0.848, 0.296], [0.151, 0.32, 0.19, 0.333]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Although these end-to-end fusion methods simplify the overall processing flow to some extent, they also bring about a reduction in model interpretability, creating challenges for model debugging and optimization.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.19, 0.32, 0.848, 0.333], [0.151, 0.357, 0.848, 0.37], [0.151, 0.394, 0.24, 0.407]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, these methods often require substantial data support for training, which may limit their effectiveness in datasets with a limited number of samples.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.24, 0.394, 0.852, 0.407], [0.151, 0.431, 0.617, 0.444]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.2 3D object detection network based on frustum", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1700000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.483, 0.507, 0.496]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the field of 3D object detection, in addition to end-to-end methods, multi-stage strategies have been widely adopted, of which the typical one is based on the frustum.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.523, 0.849, 0.536], [0.151, 0.56, 0.638, 0.573]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "FrustumPointNets (hereinafter referred to as FPointNets) (Qi et al., 2018b) adopts a two-stage approach.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.638, 0.56, 0.848, 0.573], [0.151, 0.597, 0.642, 0.61]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "First, the 2D object detector is used to generate the 2D bounding box of the object, and then these 2D boxes are projected to form the frustum, which is applied to the 3D point cloud to narrow the search space and further detect the object in the point cloud.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.642, 0.597, 0.853, 0.61], [0.151, 0.634, 0.849, 0.648], [0.151, 0.671, 0.848, 0.685], [0.151, 0.709, 0.271, 0.722]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is the first method to propose the frustum paradigm.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.271, 0.709, 0.649, 0.722]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the same year, PointFusion (Xu et al., 2018) was also based on the frustum.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.649, 0.709, 0.848, 0.722], [0.151, 0.746, 0.471, 0.759]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In addition to using the detection results of the image to limit the search scope of the point cloud, it further integrated image features into the processing of the frustum point cloud.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.471, 0.746, 0.848, 0.759], [0.151, 0.783, 0.853, 0.796], [0.151, 0.82, 0.295, 0.833]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "F-ConvNet (Z. Wang & Jia, 2019b) is further optimized on the basis of the FPointNets to extract more fine-grained features by subdividing the frustum region into smaller units.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.295, 0.82, 0.848, 0.833], [0.151, 0.857, 0.848, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Frustum-PointPillars (Paigwar et al., 2021b), on the other hand, addresses the problem of independent", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.894, 0.848, 0.907]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "processing of objects in previous approaches and proposes a unified framework for scene understanding, which significantly reduces the computation time.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.098, 0.848, 0.111], [0.151, 0.135, 0.511, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Frustum-based methods effectively reduce the complexity of the algorithms as well as the demand for computational resources and are highly flexible since they can be built on top of any state-of-the-art 2D detector.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.511, 0.135, 0.849, 0.148], [0.151, 0.172, 0.849, 0.185], [0.151, 0.209, 0.596, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, such methods tend to rely mainly on point cloud information in the 3D object detection stage and do not utilize image information sufficiently.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.596, 0.209, 0.848, 0.222], [0.151, 0.246, 0.848, 0.259], [0.151, 0.283, 0.23, 0.296]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Although PointFusion attempts to fuse RGB image and point cloud information in the second stage, its utilization of image and point cloud features is still insufficient, and its performance does not surpass that of FPointNets, a method that utilizes only point cloud information.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.23, 0.283, 0.848, 0.296], [0.151, 0.32, 0.848, 0.333], [0.151, 0.357, 0.682, 0.37]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.405, 0.164, 0.419]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Materials and methods", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.164, 0.405, 0.342, 0.419]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.1 Data set production", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2000000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.443, 0.318, 0.456]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As shown in Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.475, 0.303, 0.488]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1, the DF2204 tractor mounts the data acquisition platform, which includes the point cloud information acquisition module, image information acquisition module, and data storage and processing module.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.303, 0.475, 0.848, 0.488], [0.151, 0.512, 0.852, 0.525], [0.151, 0.549, 0.281, 0.562]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The point cloud information acquisition module is the RS-Ruby Lite mechanical 80line LiDAR, installed on the crossbar at 1.33 m from the ground, with an acquisition frequency of 10 Hz, a vertical field of view of 40° (-25°~+15°), a vertical resolution of 0.1°, and a horizontal resolution of0.2°.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.281, 0.549, 0.848, 0.562], [0.151, 0.586, 0.848, 0.599], [0.151, 0.623, 0.853, 0.636], [0.151, 0.66, 0.183, 0.673]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The image information acquisition module is the MV-CS050-10GMGC-PRO industrial camerawith an MVL-MF0828M-8MP fixed-focus lens that is mounted on a crossbar 1.03 m above the ground and is activated by LiDAR.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.183, 0.66, 0.849, 0.673], [0.151, 0.697, 0.848, 0.71], [0.151, 0.734, 0.335, 0.747]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It has a resolution of 1224x1024, a horizontal field of view of 54.97°, and avertical field of view of 47.06°.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.335, 0.734, 0.848, 0.747], [0.151, 0.771, 0.37, 0.784]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The acquisition frequency is 10 Hz.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.37, 0.771, 0.622, 0.784]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The data storage and processingmodule is a Nuvo-810GC type industrial computer, installed in the tractor cab, and receives the data collected by the camera and the LiDAR sensor via Ethernet protocol.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.622, 0.771, 0.848, 0.784], [0.151, 0.808, 0.848, 0.821], [0.151, 0.845, 0.615, 0.858]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.262, 0.099, 0.764, 0.283]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 1 Data Acquisition Platform", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.396, 0.294, 0.636, 0.305]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In March 2024, we conducted the data collection in Henanzhai Town, Miyun District, Beijing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.32, 0.848, 0.333]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Given the local environment's complexity, the tractor collected data at a driving speed of 5 km/h.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.357, 0.818, 0.37]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The data collection period spanned approximately one hour, during which we selected about 20 minutes of driving section data that contained richer object information.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.818, 0.357, 0.852, 0.37], [0.151, 0.394, 0.852, 0.407], [0.151, 0.431, 0.556, 0.444]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Given the slow driving speed of the tractor, we constructed the dataset by capturing one key frame for every 10 frames, ultimately obtaining a total of 1,295 valid frames.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.556, 0.431, 0.848, 0.444], [0.151, 0.468, 0.848, 0.481], [0.151, 0.505, 0.299, 0.519]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We set the region of interest (ROI) to be the overlapping range of the LiDAR and the camera's field of view and annotated the 3D bounding box for the six categories of dynamic obstacles within the ROI, which include cars, people, cyclists, bicycles, trucks, and freight tricycles, according to the KITTI(Geiger et al., 2013) standard.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.299, 0.505, 0.848, 0.519], [0.151, 0.542, 0.848, 0.556], [0.151, 0.58, 0.852, 0.593], [0.151, 0.617, 0.429, 0.63]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We utilized the camera and LiDAR's external parameters to project the 3D annotation truth values onto the image, thereby generating the 2D annotation truth values.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.429, 0.617, 0.848, 0.63], [0.151, 0.654, 0.848, 0.667]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Consequently, we constructed a multimodal 3D object detection dataset from the tractor road scene.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.691, 0.823, 0.704]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We then compared this dataset with the annotated pedestrian categories found in the KITTI dataset.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.823, 0.691, 0.852, 0.704], [0.151, 0.728, 0.816, 0.741]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our dataset features people in various postures, including sitting, squatting, tilting, and leaning.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.816, 0.728, 0.852, 0.741], [0.151, 0.765, 0.752, 0.778]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 1 shows the composition of the dataset, with the two main categories of \"cars\" and \"people\" accounting for a larger proportion of the data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.752, 0.765, 0.852, 0.778], [0.151, 0.802, 0.852, 0.815], [0.151, 0.839, 0.345, 0.852]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 1 Data set object statistics", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.409, 0.089, 0.626, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": 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"position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.376, 0.849, 0.389], [0.151, 0.413, 0.849, 0.426], [0.151, 0.45, 0.174, 0.463]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To prevent errors from accumulating during training, we directly utilize the 2D bounding box ground truth values for the training and validation sets to generate the corresponding frustum point clouds and crop image data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.487, 0.848, 0.5], [0.151, 0.524, 0.849, 0.537], [0.151, 0.561, 0.292, 0.574]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Set 𝑃∈Rଷ as a point in the point cloud space and transform it into its projectionon the image plane 𝑃ത∈Rଶ using the camera projection matrix 𝑇：Rଷ→Rଶ .", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.292, 0.561, 0.848, 0.574], [0.151, 0.599, 0.695, 0.612]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Next, we remove theprojected point cloud outside the 2D bounding box and extract the point cloud data from the object frustum.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.695, 0.599, 0.853, 0.612], [0.151, 0.635, 0.853, 0.648], [0.151, 0.672, 0.208, 0.685]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Following a specific cropping strategy, we generate the object crop image based on the object's 2D bounding box.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.208, 0.672, 0.853, 0.685], [0.151, 0.709, 0.273, 0.722]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Meanwhile, for the training set, given that real 2D detection is generally unable to reach the annotated standard, we use perturbations of the 2D ground truth bounding box to simulate the real detection results and augment the data with multiple perturbations to increase the algorithm's robustness (Eq.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.746, 0.849, 0.759], [0.151, 0.783, 0.849, 0.796], [0.151, 0.82, 0.848, 0.834], [0.151, 0.857, 0.18, 0.871]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.857, 0.202, 0.871]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "= x + w shift_ratio * a", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.392, 0.092, 0.583, 0.107]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "= y + h * shift_ratio * a", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.395, 0.108, 0.582, 0.124]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "w′", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.372, 0.124, 0.395, 0.136]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "= w + w * shift_ratio * a", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.393, 0.124, 0.586, 0.137]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "↓h′ = h + h * shift_ratio * a", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.368, 0.137, 0.58, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(1)", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.617, 0.116, 0.64, 0.131]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Where 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑤, and ℎ are the center coordinates of the annotated 2D box and the width and heightvalues, 𝛼 is a random number ∈[−1,1], 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡_𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜is the perturbation rate parameter, and the value is 0.1, which represents the random movement of the center point of the annotated 2D box and the random scaling of the width and height.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.169, 0.854, 0.522]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "th bounding box to regenerate objects' frustum point cloud and crop ct's 2D box five times, resulting in a total of 11,980 objects that image as training data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.169, 0.854, 0.522]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The original training set had the test set.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.169, 0.854, 0.522]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Firstly, it pretrains Yolov7(CY.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.169, 0.854, 0.522]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Wang et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.169, 0.854, 0.522]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "fine-tunes it on the tractor road image dataset.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.169, 0.854, 0.522]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Finally, the frustum point cloud and crop image data are generated using the object 2D bounding box created by the fine-tuned Yolov7.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.169, 0.854, 0.522]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.2 Frustum fusion networks", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.555, 0.37, 0.568]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We construct a 3D object detection network called FFNets based on the hybrid fusion paradigm, using FPointNets as its foundation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.605, 0.848, 0.618], [0.151, 0.642, 0.387, 0.655]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.143, 0.675, 0.857, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Fig. 2 FFNets architecture", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.426, 0.875, 0.605, 0.887]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.098, 0.211, 0.111]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2 shows the architecture of our model.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.211, 0.098, 0.468, 0.111]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The original FPointNets model consists of four modules: (a), (b), (c), and (e).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.468, 0.098, 0.848, 0.111], [0.151, 0.135, 0.296, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For modules (b), FPointNets provides two architectures based on PoiNet and PointNet++, which correspond to the versions FPointNetv1 and FPointNetv2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.296, 0.135, 0.848, 0.148], [0.151, 0.172, 0.668, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this paper, we introduce the Gaussian mask mechanism in the box part of module (a) to enhance the point cloud features, and we add the image 3D object feature extraction module (d).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.668, 0.172, 0.849, 0.185], [0.151, 0.209, 0.848, 0.222], [0.151, 0.246, 0.515, 0.259]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Finally, we combine the five modules (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) to form the FFNets.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.515, 0.246, 0.849, 0.259], [0.151, 0.283, 0.36, 0.296]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Module (c) can be substituted for any 2D detection network.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.36, 0.283, 0.765, 0.296]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "FFNets also includes two versions, FFNetv1 and FFNetv2, which correspond to the two architectures of module (b).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.765, 0.283, 0.848, 0.296], [0.151, 0.32, 0.849, 0.333]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.357, 0.197, 0.37]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2, modules (a) and (b) make up the point cloud feature extraction pipeline, and the modules (c) and (d) make up the image feature extraction pipeline.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.197, 0.357, 0.848, 0.37], [0.151, 0.394, 0.517, 0.407]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Modules (a) and (c) form the early-fusion, while the modules (b) and (d) form the intermediate-fusion.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.394, 0.848, 0.407], [0.151, 0.431, 0.521, 0.444]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The FFNets take modal data from both the 3D point cloud and the RGB image and, by inference, output the object's 3D information.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.431, 0.848, 0.444], [0.151, 0.468, 0.728, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.2.1 Point cloud feature extraction pipeline", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.518, 0.476, 0.531]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title4", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Modules (a) and (b) in Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.568, 0.365, 0.582]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2 illustrate the point cloud feature extraction pipeline in the FFNets.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.365, 0.568, 0.823, 0.582]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We detect 2D objects by using regular rectangles that contain the minimum of the object, but the frustum point cloud obtained through it typically doesn't precisely describe the object.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.823, 0.568, 0.848, 0.582], [0.151, 0.605, 0.848, 0.619], [0.151, 0.643, 0.68, 0.656]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In addition to the object itself, the points in the space frequently contain foreground and background noise.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.68, 0.643, 0.849, 0.656], [0.151, 0.68, 0.704, 0.693]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In real-world scenes, the diversity of human postures and grouping, as well as the variety of vehicle shapes and susceptibility to occlusion, complicate object detection in such scenarios.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.704, 0.68, 0.848, 0.693], [0.151, 0.717, 0.848, 0.73], [0.151, 0.754, 0.595, 0.767]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, distinguishing between foreground and background noise becomes very difficult.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.595, 0.754, 0.849, 0.767], [0.151, 0.791, 0.533, 0.804]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The same problem exists in the scene of tractor roads.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.533, 0.791, 0.848, 0.804], [0.151, 0.828, 0.192, 0.841]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We try to solve the above problem by using a 2D Gaussian mask to describe the centrality of the", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.865, 0.848, 0.878]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "points in the frustum point cloud (Eq.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.098, 0.408, 0.111]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2), based on the fact that the object is more likely to occupy the center region of the 2D box.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.408, 0.098, 0.853, 0.111], [0.151, 0.135, 0.341, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Where 𝑥 and 𝑦 represent the projected coordinates of the point cloud on the image plane.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.209, 0.791, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "𝑥଴ and𝑦଴ represent the center points of the 2D bounding box, while 𝑤 and ℎ represent its width and height.We add the image Gaussian mask values to the point cloud based on where the point cloud projection is on the image plane.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.791, 0.209, 0.853, 0.222], [0.151, 0.247, 0.849, 0.259], [0.151, 0.283, 0.849, 0.296], [0.151, 0.32, 0.285, 0.333]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This enables the expansion of the frustum point cloud features to four dimensions and the conversion of the point cloud channel features to D =（𝑥、𝑦、𝑧、𝜉）.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.285, 0.32, 0.848, 0.333], [0.151, 0.357, 0.697, 0.37]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "According to Eq.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.697, 0.357, 0.818, 0.37]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2, apoint's proximity to the object's box center correlates with a higher mask value, while a point's distance from the center results in a smaller mask value.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.818, 0.357, 0.849, 0.37], [0.151, 0.394, 0.852, 0.407], [0.151, 0.431, 0.461, 0.444]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since the object is more likely to occupy the center region, adding one-dimensional Gaussian mask features as weights to the point cloud allows for a rough distinction between foreground and background noise without significantly increasing the complexity (see module (a)).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.461, 0.431, 0.848, 0.444], [0.151, 0.468, 0.852, 0.481], [0.151, 0.505, 0.848, 0.519], [0.151, 0.542, 0.265, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Next, we sample 𝑛= 1024 points from the frustum point cloud, attaching Gaussian mask featuresto them.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.58, 0.852, 0.593], [0.151, 0.617, 0.208, 0.63]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We then input these points into the 3D instance segmentation module, along with the object category code 𝑘 that we identified from the image.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.208, 0.617, 0.849, 0.63], [0.151, 0.654, 0.514, 0.667]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the segmented object point cloud, 𝑚= 512object points are chosen, and the object points' center of mass is used as the initial center point.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.514, 0.654, 0.848, 0.667], [0.151, 0.691, 0.789, 0.704]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We then panned the point cloud to the center point and fed it into the amodal 3D box estimation module, which extracted it into a 1 × 512 point cloud feature vector (see module (b)).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.789, 0.691, 0.848, 0.704], [0.151, 0.728, 0.848, 0.741], [0.151, 0.765, 0.634, 0.778]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.2.2 Image feature extraction pipeline", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.815, 0.439, 0.828]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title4", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Modules (c) and (d) in Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.864, 0.845, 0.881]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2 illustrate the image feature extraction pipeline in the FFNets.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.864, 0.845, 0.881]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.864, 0.845, 0.881]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "pipeline starts by using a 2D detection network to get the object in the image's 2D detection results, as shown in module (c).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.098, 0.848, 0.111], [0.151, 0.135, 0.292, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Module (d) illustrates how we use the 2D detection results to obtain the crop image, which we then input into the image 3D feature extraction module that employs the transformer encoder(Carion et al., 2020; Dosovitskiy et al., 2020) architecture.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.292, 0.135, 0.853, 0.148], [0.151, 0.172, 0.849, 0.185], [0.151, 0.209, 0.598, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Because the point cloud is limited to the range of frustum space according to the 2D detection results of the image, cropping the output of module (c) is necessary to focus on the object and eliminate redundant information.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.598, 0.209, 0.848, 0.222], [0.151, 0.246, 0.853, 0.259], [0.151, 0.283, 0.72, 0.296]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While considering the transformer's advanced global modeling capabilities(Carion et al., 2020), the background information is also crucial for feature extraction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.72, 0.283, 0.848, 0.296], [0.151, 0.32, 0.848, 0.333], [0.151, 0.357, 0.41, 0.37]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, we apply cropping along the object's long side to encompass certain background information (Eq.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.41, 0.357, 0.848, 0.37], [0.151, 0.394, 0.474, 0.407]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.474, 0.394, 0.497, 0.407]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "L = max(w, h) * α (3)", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.422, 0.422, 0.611, 0.44]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Where 𝑤 and ℎ are the width and height of the object's 2D bounding box, 𝛼= 1.5 is theexpansion scale parameter, and 𝐿 is the crop image's side length.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.45, 0.852, 0.463], [0.151, 0.487, 0.593, 0.5]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The initial image, 𝑥௢௕௝∈Rଷ×୐×୐ , is a crop image with an attached background (with 3 colorchannels).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.524, 0.852, 0.537], [0.151, 0.561, 0.22, 0.574]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After resizing the crop image to a size of 224 × 224 and feeding it into a conventional CNNbackbone consisting of 4 layers of resnet-layers(He et al., 2016), we generate a low-resolution activation map 𝑓௢௕௝∈Rେ×௟ᇲ×௟ᇲ, C=512，𝑙ᇱ=7.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.22, 0.561, 0.848, 0.574], [0.151, 0.598, 0.848, 0.611], [0.151, 0.636, 0.396, 0.649]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Then, by 1 × 1 convolution, the activation map 𝑓௢௕௝ with high-dimensional features is reduced to a smaller dimension to create a new feature map 𝑓௢ᇱ௕௝∈Rୢ×௟ᇲ×௟ᇲ, 𝑑=128.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.396, 0.636, 0.848, 0.649], [0.151, 0.672, 0.848, 0.686], [0.151, 0.711, 0.183, 0.722]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In order to adapt to the serialized input of the transformer encoder, we stretch the two-dimensional feature map into a one-dimensional vector, which further yields a 1 × 6272 feature vector.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.183, 0.711, 0.852, 0.722], [0.151, 0.746, 0.775, 0.759]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After that,the feature vector is input into the transformer encoder module.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.775, 0.746, 0.848, 0.759], [0.151, 0.783, 0.6, 0.796]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Each encoder layer has a standard structure with an 8-head self-attention module and a feed-forward networks (FFN).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.6, 0.783, 0.848, 0.796], [0.151, 0.82, 0.72, 0.834]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We add positional encodings to the feature vector before sending it to the transformer encoder module.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.72, 0.82, 0.848, 0.834], [0.151, 0.857, 0.711, 0.871]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 175, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After three identical encoder layers, we can get a 1 × 512 crop image feature with background data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.711, 0.857, 0.849, 0.871], [0.151, 0.895, 0.694, 0.908]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 176, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.2.3 Hybrid Fusion", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.094, 0.306, 0.107]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title4", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 177, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The FFNets use hybrid fusion to achieve 3D object detection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.144, 0.594, 0.157]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 178, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Firstly, in the early stage, the network generates a frustum point cloud based on the detection results of the 2D image and crops the object in the image to generate a crop image.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.594, 0.144, 0.848, 0.157], [0.151, 0.181, 0.848, 0.194], [0.151, 0.218, 0.397, 0.231]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The network computes the Gaussian mask corresponding to each point, based on their 2D coordinates projected onto the image plane, to enhance the point cloud's features.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.397, 0.218, 0.853, 0.231], [0.151, 0.255, 0.848, 0.268]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This interaction between the point cloud and the image is known as the early-fusion.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.292, 0.718, 0.305]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 181, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the intermediate stage, two pipelines are used to get the features from the point cloud and RGB image data and generate two 1x512 feature vectors.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.718, 0.292, 0.852, 0.305], [0.151, 0.329, 0.849, 0.342], [0.151, 0.366, 0.337, 0.38]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 182, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We then concatenate the two feature vectors to generate a 1x1024 highdimensional fused feature vector.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.337, 0.366, 0.848, 0.38], [0.151, 0.404, 0.376, 0.417]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 183, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This interaction between the point cloud and the image is referred to as intermediate-fusion.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.376, 0.404, 0.848, 0.417], [0.151, 0.441, 0.31, 0.454]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Subsequently, we feed the fused high-dimensional feature vectors into a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to obtain the 3D prediction results of the object, which include its location, size, and orientation, as illustrated in module (e) of Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.31, 0.441, 0.852, 0.454], [0.151, 0.478, 0.848, 0.491], [0.151, 0.515, 0.537, 0.528]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.537, 0.515, 0.556, 0.528]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Given that the size differences among the same class of objects in the tractor road scene will not be significant, we use the mean values of the length, width, and height of the object in Table 1 as a priori information and further predict the residuals of the length, width, and height of the object to obtain the 3D dimensions of the object.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.556, 0.515, 0.849, 0.528], [0.151, 0.552, 0.849, 0.565], [0.151, 0.589, 0.852, 0.602], [0.151, 0.626, 0.722, 0.639]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the orientation prediction, we employ a hybrid method of classification and regression(Mousavian et al., 2017), classifying the 360-degree orientations into 12 classes of 30 degrees each.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.722, 0.626, 0.848, 0.639], [0.151, 0.663, 0.849, 0.676], [0.151, 0.7, 0.641, 0.713]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After classification, we further regress the angle within the category to obtain an accurate orientation prediction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.641, 0.7, 0.848, 0.713], [0.151, 0.737, 0.695, 0.75]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.798, 0.164, 0.811]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Experimental results and discussion", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.164, 0.798, 0.44, 0.811]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Experiments to evaluate the performance of FFNets were conducted on both the self-constructed tractor road dataset and the KITTI dataset.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.858, 0.852, 0.871], [0.151, 0.895, 0.436, 0.908]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.148, 0.094, 0.516, 0.11]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The model was implemented based on TensorFlow 1.4, and the models before and after the improvement were trained on the constructed tractor road dataset, respectively, with the training platform of 3090-24G.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.145, 0.849, 0.158], [0.151, 0.182, 0.848, 0.195], [0.151, 0.219, 0.241, 0.232]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 194, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After 200 iterations of training, the model's accuracy (IoU > 0.7) and inference time on the validation set are shown in Table 2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.241, 0.219, 0.848, 0.232], [0.151, 0.256, 0.389, 0.269]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 2 Comparison of models on val set", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.38, 0.285, 0.655, 0.296]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.206, 0.298, 0.791, 0.361]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "As seen in Table 2, the FFNetv1 model, with the introduction of the Gaussian masking mechanism and the image 3D object feature extraction module, improves the average accuracy of the 3D box estimation accuracy on the validation set by 4.16% compared to FPointNetv1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.37, 0.848, 0.383], [0.151, 0.407, 0.848, 0.42], [0.151, 0.444, 0.682, 0.457]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Meanwhile, the model's average inference time rose by 4.65 ms. We conducted further ablation studies on the validation set of the tractor road, and Table 3 shows the comparison results.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.682, 0.444, 0.852, 0.457], [0.151, 0.481, 0.852, 0.494], [0.151, 0.518, 0.545, 0.531]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 3 3D object detection accuracy for the tractor road val set", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.283, 0.546, 0.719, 0.558]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.149, 0.561, 0.852, 0.697]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Note: √ indicates that the relevant policy is used - indicates that the relevant policy is not used", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.149, 0.698, 0.784, 0.712]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 3 shows that in the validation set, the introduction of the Gaussian mask mechanism improves the 3D detection accuracy of the FFNetv1 model for the object by 1.87%, which proves that the Gaussian mask mechanism distinguishes the foreground from the background noise in the frustum point cloud to some extent.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.726, 0.855, 0.89]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The addition of the image 3D feature extraction module enhances the detection accuracy of FFNetv1 by 1.05% when using a crop image without background information and by 2.29% when using", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.726, 0.855, 0.89]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "a crop image with background information.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.098, 0.451, 0.111]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This indicates that the rich contextual information of the image significantly aids in the detection of 3D objects.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.451, 0.098, 0.848, 0.111], [0.151, 0.135, 0.525, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 206, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, the global modeling capability of the transformer architecture enables the 3D image feature extraction pipeline to more effectively extract 3D information from the crop image with specific background information, thereby improving the final detection results", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.525, 0.135, 0.853, 0.148], [0.151, 0.172, 0.852, 0.185], [0.151, 0.209, 0.848, 0.222], [0.151, 0.246, 0.261, 0.259]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 207, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Based on FFNetv1, FFNetv2 is constructed by replacing the point cloud feature extraction module in Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.283, 0.852, 0.296], [0.151, 0.32, 0.195, 0.333]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2(b) with the PointNet++ architecture.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.195, 0.32, 0.455, 0.333]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 209, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We compared the performance of FFNetv1, FFNetv2, and FPointNetv2 on the validation set, and the results are shown in Table 4.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.455, 0.32, 0.848, 0.333], [0.151, 0.357, 0.632, 0.37]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 210, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 4 Comparison of models on the tractor road val set", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.322, 0.385, 0.709, 0.397]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 211, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.215, 0.4, 0.78, 0.48]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 212, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "According to Table 4, FFNetv2 improves the 3D frame detection accuracy by 1.46% compared to FFNetv1, but the inference time increases by 6.41 ms.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.49, 0.848, 0.503], [0.151, 0.527, 0.518, 0.54]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 213, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It can be seen that the improvement of the point cloud feature extraction module in the original model, which is also applicable to the model in this paper, can still significantly increase the accuracy rate with a limited increase in the elapsed time.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.518, 0.527, 0.849, 0.54], [0.151, 0.564, 0.848, 0.577], [0.151, 0.601, 0.756, 0.614]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 214, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It can also be noticed that FFNetv1 increases the accuracy by 1.45% compared to FPointNetv2 of the original model, while the time consumed decreases by 3.69 ms, which further proves the effectiveness and superiority of the Gaussian masking mechanism with the image 3D feature extraction module.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.756, 0.601, 0.848, 0.614], [0.151, 0.638, 0.848, 0.651], [0.151, 0.675, 0.853, 0.688], [0.151, 0.712, 0.689, 0.725]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 215, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 5 shows the 3D detection AP for each network on the test set.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.749, 0.642, 0.762]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 216, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 5 AP (%) on the tractor road val set for 3D object detection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.295, 0.089, 0.737, 0.101]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 217, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.156, 0.103, 0.849, 0.241]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 218, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The results in Table 5 show that we propose that FFNetv2 outperforms FPointNetv2, the original model's best method, in all detection categories.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.249, 0.852, 0.262], [0.151, 0.286, 0.474, 0.299]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 219, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It's better by 1.83% for cars and 2.33% for people.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.474, 0.286, 0.818, 0.299]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 220, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our proposed FFNetv1 improves FPointNetv1 by 3.22% and FPointNetv2 by 1.49% in car detection and 1.95% and 0.69% in people detection, respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.818, 0.286, 0.848, 0.299], [0.151, 0.323, 0.863, 0.336], [0.151, 0.36, 0.448, 0.373]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Among all the models, the accuracy of cyclists detection is low, and the results of each model are similar on the detection of bicycles or freight tricycles, with large differences in the truck category.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.448, 0.36, 0.853, 0.373], [0.151, 0.397, 0.848, 0.41], [0.151, 0.434, 0.372, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This may be due to the small number of these categories in the test set and the influence of some outliers.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.372, 0.434, 0.853, 0.447], [0.151, 0.471, 0.385, 0.484]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We further evaluated the object detection results of each category in terms of distance and orientation, using NuSences(Caesar et al., 2020) evaluation metrics, to mitigate the issue of data volume discrepancies and anomalies.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.385, 0.471, 0.852, 0.484], [0.151, 0.508, 0.853, 0.522], [0.151, 0.545, 0.489, 0.559]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 6 Distance error (m) results on the tractor road test set", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.313, 0.574, 0.722, 0.587]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 225, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.154, 0.588, 0.848, 0.708]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 226, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 6 demonstrates that FFNetv1 outperforms the two versions of the original model in terms of distance error in all categories.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.715, 0.853, 0.728], [0.151, 0.752, 0.361, 0.765]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "FFNetv2 is optimal in object detection for all categories except freight tricycles, and it further reduces the distance errors for the two main categories of cars and people by 0.112 m and 0.088 m from FFNetv1, which is 0.199 m and 0.222 m less than the original model optimal method, FFNetv2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.361, 0.752, 0.853, 0.765], [0.151, 0.79, 0.848, 0.803], [0.151, 0.826, 0.848, 0.84], [0.151, 0.863, 0.274, 0.877]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, we have also evaluated the orientation error in object detection, and the results are shown in Table 7.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.274, 0.863, 0.852, 0.877], [0.151, 0.901, 0.343, 0.914]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 7 Orientation error (rad) results on the tractor road test set", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.301, 0.088, 0.735, 0.101]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 230, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.154, 0.102, 0.849, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 7 demonstrates that FFNetv2 excels in all object detection categories, reducing orientation errors by 0.015 rad and 0.019 rad compared to FFNetv1, and by 0.035 rad compared to the original model optimal method, FPointNetv2, and 0.024 rad.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.23, 0.848, 0.244], [0.151, 0.268, 0.849, 0.281], [0.151, 0.305, 0.456, 0.318]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 232, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In summary, our proposed FFNetv2 has superior performance in terms of object detection accuracy, distance error, and orientation error on the tractor road dataset compared to the two models of FFNetv1 and FPointNets, and the visualization results are shown in Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.342, 0.853, 0.355], [0.151, 0.379, 0.848, 0.392], [0.151, 0.416, 0.571, 0.429]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 233, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.571, 0.416, 0.588, 0.429]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 234, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "FrameI", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7600000, "bbox": [[0.164, 0.261, 0.184, 0.3]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 235, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": 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[{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.213, 0.098, 0.736, 0.111]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 249, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3(b) shows the detection results of the proposed model FFNetv2, and Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.736, 0.098, 0.848, 0.111], [0.151, 0.135, 0.543, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 250, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3(c) shows the annotated true values.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.543, 0.135, 0.795, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 251, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We can clearly see the superiority of FFNetv2 by comparing the objects annotated by the red box lines in the point cloud diagram.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.795, 0.135, 0.848, 0.148], [0.151, 0.172, 0.852, 0.185], [0.151, 0.209, 0.295, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 252, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the ground truth of the distance between the person and the farm machine annotated in Frame I, which is 36.426 m, the ground truth of the orientation is 1.875 rad.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.295, 0.209, 0.853, 0.222], [0.151, 0.246, 0.735, 0.259]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 253, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "FFNetv2 detects the distance of 36.356 m with an error of 0.070 m, detects the orientation of 1.784 rad, and has an error of 0.091 rad, while FPointNetv2 detects the distance of 36.098 m with an error of 0.328 m, detects the orientation of 1.281 rad, and has an error of 0.594 rad.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.735, 0.246, 0.848, 0.259], [0.151, 0.283, 0.848, 0.296], [0.151, 0.32, 0.848, 0.333], [0.151, 0.357, 0.532, 0.37]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 254, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the car orientation indicated in Frame II, FFNetv2 is superior to FPointNetv2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.532, 0.357, 0.849, 0.37], [0.151, 0.394, 0.406, 0.407]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 255, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The ground truth of the indicated car orientation is 0.122 rad; FFNetv2 detects orientation at 0.074 rad with an error of 0.048 rad, while FPointNetv2 detects orientation at -3.107 rad with an error of 3.054 rad.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.406, 0.394, 0.848, 0.407], [0.151, 0.431, 0.848, 0.444], [0.151, 0.468, 0.417, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 256, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.2 Model evaluation on the KITTI dataset", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.518, 0.457, 0.531]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 257, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For a better comparison with other models, we further tested FFNetv2 on KITTI data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.568, 0.769, 0.581]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 258, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The KITTI dataset mainly contains 2D and 3D annotations of cars, pedestrians, and cyclists in urban driving scenes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.769, 0.568, 0.848, 0.581], [0.151, 0.605, 0.848, 0.618]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 259, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Sensor configurations include a wide-angle camera and a Velodyne HDL-64E LiDAR.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.642, 0.76, 0.655]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 260, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The official training set contains 7481 images.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.76, 0.642, 0.848, 0.655], [0.151, 0.679, 0.377, 0.692]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 261, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We divided the dataset into a training set and a validation set according to MV3D(Chen et al., 2017b), with each set accounting for about half of the entire dataset.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.377, 0.679, 0.852, 0.692], [0.151, 0.716, 0.815, 0.729]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 262, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The performance of the FFNetv2 model is tested on the validation set and compared with the original modeloptimal network FPointNetv2 as a baseline, and the metrics on the validation set are shown in Tables 8 and 9.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.815, 0.716, 0.849, 0.729], [0.151, 0.753, 0.849, 0.767], [0.151, 0.79, 0.853, 0.804], [0.151, 0.828, 0.192, 0.841]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 263, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 8 AP (%) on KITTI val set for BEV detection", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8400000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.089, 0.676, 0.101]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 264, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8500000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.1, 0.855, 0.278]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 265, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 9 AP (%) on KITTI val set for 3D object detection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.309, 0.296, 0.688, 0.308]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 266, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.31, 0.853, 0.485]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 267, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "As shown in Tables 8 and 9, FFNetv2 has improved in most metrics compared to the original model network, both in BEV detection accuracy and 3D detection accuracy.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.494, 0.854, 0.771]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 268, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also observe that our model significantly outperforms the original model in moderate and hard object detection; in Table 8, FFNetv2 achieves average improvements of 1.99% and 1.38% in moderate and hard object detection, respectively, compared to FPointNetv2, and in Table 9, FFNetv2 outperforms FPointNetv2 by an average of 3.33% and 2.78% in moderate and hard object detection, respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.494, 0.854, 0.771]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 269, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This indicates that FFNetv2 improves more than the original model when faced with occluded objects, and we further demonstrate this result in Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.494, 0.854, 0.771]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 270, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.494, 0.854, 0.771]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 271, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.143, 0.082, 0.865, 0.457]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 272, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.468, 0.213, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 273, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4(a) shows the detection results of the original model, FPointNetv2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.213, 0.468, 0.703, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 274, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.703, 0.468, 0.737, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 275, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4(b) shows the detection results of our proposed model, FFNetv2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.737, 0.468, 0.852, 0.481], [0.151, 0.505, 0.495, 0.519]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 276, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.495, 0.505, 0.527, 0.519]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 277, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4(c) shows the true values.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.527, 0.505, 0.715, 0.519]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 278, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the distance of the pedestrians annotated in Frame I, the ground truth of the pedestrian's distance is 19.553 m, the detection distance of FFNetv2 is 17.432 m, and the error is 2.121 m. The FPointNetv2 detects a distance of 7.944 m, with an error of 11.609 m. The ground truth of the car orientation annotated in Frame II is 0.090 rad; the detection orientation of FFNetv2 is 0.107 rad with an error of 0.017 rad; and the detection orientation of FPointNetv2 is 1.931 rad with an error of 1.841 rad.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.715, 0.505, 0.853, 0.519], [0.151, 0.542, 0.852, 0.556], [0.151, 0.58, 0.848, 0.593], [0.151, 0.617, 0.853, 0.63], [0.151, 0.654, 0.848, 0.667], [0.151, 0.691, 0.585, 0.704]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 279, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We can significantly see the superiority of FFNetv2 for 3D object detection under occlusion.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.585, 0.691, 0.848, 0.704], [0.151, 0.728, 0.504, 0.741]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 280, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We further compared FFNetv2 with the current representative frustum-based methods, FConvNet (Z. Wang & Jia, 2019a) and FPointpillars (Paigwar et al., 2021a), on the KITTI validation set.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.765, 0.853, 0.778], [0.151, 0.802, 0.786, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 281, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 10 shows the results of the BEV detection, while Table 11 shows the results of the 3D object detection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.786, 0.802, 0.848, 0.814], [0.151, 0.839, 0.821, 0.852]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 282, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 10 AP (%) on KITTI val set for BEV detection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.319, 0.089, 0.679, 0.101]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 283, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9300000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.105, 0.914, 0.229]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 284, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In terms of pedestrian BEV detection, our proposed FFNetv2 has the highest average accuracy of 68.30%, which is optimal in the simple pedestrian and medium pedestrian categories but lower than FPointpillars in the difficult category.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9500000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.239, 0.852, 0.252], [0.151, 0.276, 0.852, 0.289], [0.151, 0.313, 0.409, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 286, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "With FPointpillars, BEV detection of cars and cyclists is better than FFNetv2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9500000, "bbox": [[0.409, 0.313, 0.853, 0.326], [0.151, 0.35, 0.25, 0.363]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 287, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The evaluation of FConvNet did not include pedestrians and cyclists, and in the four model comparisons, it demonstrated only a slight advantage in the easy category of cars.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9500000, "bbox": [[0.25, 0.35, 0.848, 0.363], [0.151, 0.387, 0.746, 0.4]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 288, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The 3D object detection is based on BEV detection with the addition of height dimension information, which is more difficult compared to the BEV detection, and the comparison of the detection effects of specific models is shown in Table 11.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9600000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.424, 0.848, 0.437], [0.151, 0.461, 0.849, 0.474], [0.151, 0.498, 0.469, 0.511]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 289, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 11 AP (%) on KITTI val set for 3D object detection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9700000, "bbox": [[0.303, 0.526, 0.691, 0.539]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 290, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9800000, "bbox": [[0.086, 0.543, 0.915, 0.667]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 291, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In the 3D object detection results for pedestrians, our proposed FFNetv2 achieves optimal results in", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.181, 0.674, 0.851, 0.69]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 292, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "all three levels of 3D detection:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.713, 0.367, 0.726]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 293, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " easy, moderate, and hard, with an average accuracy of 63.89%.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.367, 0.713, 0.804, 0.726]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 294, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the 3D object detection results for cars, FPointpillars has the best average accuracy, and in the 3D object detection results for cyclists, FPointpillars has the best results in each category.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.804, 0.713, 0.852, 0.726], [0.151, 0.75, 0.853, 0.763], [0.151, 0.787, 0.697, 0.8]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 295, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "FConvNet only has a slight advantage in simple car category detection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.697, 0.787, 0.852, 0.8], [0.151, 0.824, 0.484, 0.837]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 296, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Comparing the BEV detection and 3D object detection results of FFNetv2 and FPointpillars in the KITTI validation set, there is a gap between FFNetv2 and FPointpillars in both cars category detection,", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.861, 0.852, 0.874], [0.151, 0.898, 0.849, 0.911]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 297, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "with a bigger gap in 3D object detection;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.098, 0.432, 0.111]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 298, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " in cyclists detection, there is a bigger gap in BEV detection; and in pedestrians BEV detection, the FFNetv2 improves compared to FPointpillars, and more in 3D object detection; in particular, the accuracy of BEV detection for the difficult category of pedestrians is lower in FFNetv2 than in FPointpillars, but the accuracy of detection in 3D bounding box is higher in FFNetv2 than in FPointpillars, which illustrates that for small objects with occlusions, the introduction of a priori information about the object's length, width, and height may improve the height dimension recognition of FFNetv2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.432, 0.098, 0.848, 0.111], [0.151, 0.135, 0.849, 0.148], [0.151, 0.172, 0.852, 0.185], [0.151, 0.209, 0.848, 0.222], [0.151, 0.246, 0.848, 0.259], [0.151, 0.283, 0.848, 0.296], [0.151, 0.32, 0.314, 0.333]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 299, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "5.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.381, 0.164, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 300, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Conclusions", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.164, 0.381, 0.26, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 301, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Aiming at the problems of underutilization of image information by frustum-based object detection methods and less research work on 3D object detection in agricultural tractor road scenes, we created an object detection dataset specifically for agricultural scenes, and subsequently developed an 3D object detection network known as FFNets.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10200000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.441, 0.848, 0.455], [0.151, 0.478, 0.848, 0.492], [0.151, 0.516, 0.849, 0.529], [0.151, 0.553, 0.406, 0.566]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 302, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This network can be based on any mature 2D object detection network to achieve real-time 3D object detection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10200000, "bbox": [[0.406, 0.553, 0.848, 0.566], [0.151, 0.59, 0.484, 0.603]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 303, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our major contributions are as follows:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10200000, "bbox": [[0.484, 0.59, 0.752, 0.603]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 304, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(1) We collected 80-line LiDAR point cloud and RGB image data in the tractor road scene using the DF2204 tractor's data acquisition platform.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.627, 0.848, 0.64], [0.151, 0.664, 0.443, 0.677]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 305, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We then annotated six categories of common objects in the tractor road scene and compared them with the KITTI dataset, which includes data from people in richer poses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.443, 0.664, 0.848, 0.677], [0.151, 0.701, 0.848, 0.714], [0.151, 0.738, 0.193, 0.751]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 306, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Finally, we constructed a 3D object detection dataset for the tractor road scene.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.193, 0.738, 0.727, 0.751]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 307, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(2) The point cloud data itself contains object location information, but the foreground and background noise around the object will reduce the 3D object detection accuracy.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.772, 0.855, 0.903]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 308, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The image data itself contains object context information but lacks 3D location information.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.772, 0.855, 0.903]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 309, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Increasing the background information of the image can help the network better understand the location of the object in the scene", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.772, 0.855, 0.903]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 310, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "and thus improve the 3D detection accuracy.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.098, 0.452, 0.111]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 311, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our proposed FFNets take into account the characteristics of the two modalities of data for 3D object detection by introducing Gaussian masks to roughly distinguish the front background noise in the frustum point cloud and cropping the image to retain the object's background information, which effectively improves the detection effect.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.452, 0.098, 0.848, 0.111], [0.151, 0.135, 0.848, 0.148], [0.151, 0.172, 0.852, 0.185], [0.151, 0.209, 0.717, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 312, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "FFNetv1 achieves superior results in 3D object detection accuracy, distance error, and direction error on the constructed tractor road dataset for the two primary categories of people and cars.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.717, 0.209, 0.853, 0.222], [0.151, 0.246, 0.848, 0.259], [0.151, 0.283, 0.62, 0.296]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 313, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, on the basis of FFNetv1, FFNetv2 is proposed with even better performance.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.62, 0.283, 0.849, 0.296], [0.151, 0.32, 0.498, 0.333]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 314, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Compared with the original model optimal method, FPointNetv2, FFNetv2 improves the 3D frame accuracy by 1.83% and 2.33% on the two main categories of people and cars, respectively, and reduces the distance error by 0.199 m and 0.222 m and the direction error by 0.035 rad and 0.024 rad.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.498, 0.32, 0.848, 0.333], [0.151, 0.357, 0.848, 0.37], [0.151, 0.394, 0.852, 0.407], [0.151, 0.431, 0.382, 0.444]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 315, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The performance is optimized, while the average inference time of single frame data is about 26 ms, which can meet the real-time requirement of driverless agricultural machines traveling safely on the tractor road.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.382, 0.431, 0.853, 0.444], [0.151, 0.468, 0.848, 0.481], [0.151, 0.505, 0.463, 0.519]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 316, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "On the KITTI validation set, FFNetv2 has a significant improvement over FPointNetv2 in terms of moderate- and hard-level object detection results.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.463, 0.505, 0.852, 0.519], [0.151, 0.542, 0.775, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 317, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Compared with other methods in the frustum-based class, FFNetv2 performs excellently in detecting people compared with other models.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.775, 0.542, 0.849, 0.556], [0.151, 0.58, 0.848, 0.593], [0.151, 0.617, 0.358, 0.63]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 318, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Especially for occluded pedestrians, it is more advantageous in 3D detection compared to other models, which indicates that FFNetv2 has an advantage over other models in the detection of pedestrians, a smaller object.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.358, 0.617, 0.849, 0.63], [0.151, 0.654, 0.849, 0.667], [0.151, 0.691, 0.472, 0.704]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 319, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(3) FFNetv2 is based on the frustum point cloud generated from 2D objects for point cloud feature extraction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.725, 0.855, 0.892]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 320, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Although this helps to achieve more accurate 3D detection, at the same time, the correlation between time consumption and the number of objects in the scene is higher in FFNetv2 as compared to the methods that process the whole scene data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.725, 0.855, 0.892]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 321, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For Frame II in Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.725, 0.855, 0.892]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 322, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3, which contains four objects, the inference time of FFNetv2 is 20.91 ms, and if we reduce one car in the frame, the inference time is", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.147, 0.725, 0.855, 0.892]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 323, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "reduced to 17.05 ms, and the inference time is further reduced to 14.67 ms by reducing two cars.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.098, 0.805, 0.111]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 324, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the tractor road dataset validation set, FFNetv2's average inference time is 25.73 ms.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.098, 0.849, 0.111], [0.151, 0.135, 0.692, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 325, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This can meet the realtime 3D object detection needs of most tractor road scenes, but it still limits the model's use cases.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.692, 0.135, 0.848, 0.148], [0.151, 0.172, 0.804, 0.185]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 326, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In our future work, we will further improve this deficiency.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.804, 0.172, 0.848, 0.185], [0.151, 0.209, 0.504, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 327, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DECLARATION OF COMPETING INTEREST", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.283, 0.501, 0.296]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 328, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.32, 0.849, 0.333], [0.151, 0.357, 0.616, 0.37]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 329, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "ACKNOWLEDGMENT", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.431, 0.328, 0.444]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 330, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The research was financially supported by the National Key Research & Development Program of China (Grant/Contract number:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], 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(2022).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.617, 0.667, 0.63]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 334, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Transfusion: Robust lidar-camera fusion for 3d object detection with transformers.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.667, 0.617, 0.82, 0.63], [0.191, 0.636, 0.658, 0.649]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 335, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1090–1099.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.658, 0.636, 0.805, 0.649], [0.191, 0.654, 0.791, 0.667]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 336, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Caesar, H., Bankiti, V., Lang, A. 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[{"position_id": 367, "txt": "当前，我国经济发展基本面总体向好，但面临若干压力。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "其中，人口老龄化及人口负增长对经济的供给侧与需求侧均构成显著压力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 368, "txt": "其中，人口老龄化及人口负增长对经济的供给侧与需求侧均构成显著压力。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一压力在劳动力市场上体现得尤为明显，既表现为劳动力市场结构性困难加剧的长期趋势，也表现为短期内疫情后劳动力市场出现的新特征。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 369, "txt": "这一压力在劳动力市场上体现得尤为明显，既表现为劳动力市场结构性困难加剧的长期趋势，也表现为短期内疫情后劳动力市场出现的新特征。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "鉴于此，党中央提出了完善人口发展战略，着重应对少子化与老龄化问题，即“一老一小”问题，该战略也同样适用于解决结构性就业矛盾。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 370, "txt": "鉴于此，党中央提出了完善人口发展战略，着重应对少子化与老龄化问题，即“一老一小”问题，该战略也同样适用于解决结构性就业矛盾。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "深入学习习近平总书记关于人口新趋势的重要讲话、党中央的部署，以及总书记关于就业问题的最新论述，我们可以发现其中的逻辑关系：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 372, "txt": "深入学习习近平总书记关于人口新趋势的重要讲话、党中央的部署，以及总书记关于就业问题的最新论述，我们可以发现其中的逻辑关系：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "人口新趋势，包括人口负增长、少子化、老龄化及区域人口增减分化等现象，导致了就业领域的矛盾变化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 374, "txt": "人口新趋势，包括人口负增长、少子化、老龄化及区域人口增减分化等现象，导致了就业领域的矛盾变化。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[3]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 7, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些矛盾变化主要表现为总量矛盾逐渐缓解，但结构性矛盾日益凸显。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 376, "txt": "这些矛盾变化主要表现为总量矛盾逐渐缓解，但结构性矛盾日益凸显。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些新趋势与新矛盾对人力资源与人力资本的培养提出了新的要求。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 377, "txt": "这些新趋势与新矛盾对人力资源与人力资本的培养提出了新的要求。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这是我们当前面临的问题，也是我们需要认识和应对问题的逻辑前提。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 378, "txt": "这是我们当前面临的问题，也是我们需要认识和应对问题的逻辑前提。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我将在此逻辑框架下对劳动力市场进行分析，特别是从人口角度探讨劳动力市场的新矛盾。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 379, "txt": "我将在此逻辑框架下对劳动力市场进行分析，特别是从人口角度探讨劳动力市场的新矛盾。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在探讨就业和失业问题时，我们通常会考虑两个主要因素：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 381, "txt": "在探讨就业和失业问题时，我们通常会考虑两个主要因素：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "周期性因素和结构性因素。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 383, "txt": "周期性因素和结构性因素。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[7]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我国宏观经济刚经历了一个周期性冲击。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 385, "txt": "我国宏观经济刚经历了一个周期性冲击。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在受疫情影响的三年里，失业率大部分时间均显著高于自然失业率水平，即存在着周期性失业。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 386, "txt": "在受疫情影响的三年里，失业率大部分时间均显著高于自然失业率水平，即存在着周期性失业。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "长时间的周期性失业削弱了人们的就业信心与就业能力，这些影响在疫情后的经济恢复过程中仍然持续存在，即所谓的“磁滞效应”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 387, "txt": "长时间的周期性失业削弱了人们的就业信心与就业能力，这些影响在疫情后的经济恢复过程中仍然持续存在，即所谓的“磁滞效应”。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "加之其他长期及结构性因素，共同导致了结构性就业矛盾的加剧。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 388, "txt": "加之其他长期及结构性因素，共同导致了结构性就业矛盾的加剧。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一个突出表现是，虽然经济周期已过，失业率基本恢复至自然水平，即接近充分就业状态，但自然失业率本身却有所上升。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 389, "txt": "一个突出表现是，虽然经济周期已过，失业率基本恢复至自然水平，即接近充分就业状态，但自然失业率本身却有所上升。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从当前趋势来看，尽管失业率已有所下降，却很难再回到原先估算的自然失业率水平。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 390, "txt": "从当前趋势来看，尽管失业率已有所下降，却很难再回到原先估算的自然失业率水平。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，参考学界的相关研究我们可以判断，自然失业率已有所提高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 391, "txt": "因此，参考学界的相关研究我们可以判断，自然失业率已有所提高。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这正是结构性就业矛盾的重要表现之一。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 392, "txt": "这正是结构性就业矛盾的重要表现之一。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随着总量矛盾的相对缓解，结构性矛盾逐渐显现。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 394, "txt": "随着总量矛盾的相对缓解，结构性矛盾逐渐显现。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这两个矛盾的消长与人口的年龄结构，特别是劳动年龄人口的年龄结构（即16岁至64岁人群的年龄分布）密切相关。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 395, "txt": "这两个矛盾的消长与人口的年龄结构，特别是劳动年龄人口的年龄结构", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[11]"}, {"position_id": 397, "txt": "（即16岁至64岁人群的年龄分布）", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[11]/span"}, {"position_id": 399, "txt": "密切相关。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "人力资源部门常用求人倍率指标，即空岗数与求职人数的比例，来衡量劳动力市场的状况。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 400, "txt": "人力资源部门常用求人倍率指标，即空岗数与求职人数的比例，来衡量劳动力市场的状况。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然高求人倍率并不一定代表劳动力市场处于理想状态，但它确实反映了供求关系的变化，揭示出某些就业群体受欢迎的程度及其需求的满足情况。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 401, "txt": "虽然高求人倍率并不一定代表劳动力市场处于理想状态，但它确实反映了供求关系的变化，揭示出某些就业群体受欢迎的程度及其需求的满足情况。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过观察求人倍率的变化，我们可以发现，人口年龄结构的变化恰好与求人倍率的变化相对应。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 403, "txt": "通过观察求人倍率的变化，我们可以发现，人口年龄结构的变化恰好与求人倍率的变化相对应。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以2001年至2014年的数据为例，总量矛盾逐渐弱化，求人倍率整体呈现上升趋势，但不同年龄段的表现存在差异。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 404, "txt": "以2001年至2014年的数据为例，总量矛盾逐渐弱化，求人倍率整体呈现上升趋势，但不同年龄段的表现存在差异。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "总体而言，25～44岁劳动群体越来越受劳动力市场青睐，求人倍率也最高；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 406, "txt": "总体而言，", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]"}, {"position_id": 408, "txt": "25～44岁劳动群体越来越受劳动力市场青睐，求人倍率也最高；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而16～24岁青年群体的受欢迎程度趋于降低；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 409, "txt": "而16～24岁青年群体的受欢迎程度趋于降低；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "45岁以上大龄劳动者的就业状况在劳动力短缺严重期间一度有所改善，但他们随后又逐渐变得不那么受欢迎。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 410, "txt": "45岁以上大龄劳动者的就业状况在劳动力短缺严重期间一度有所改善，但他们随后又逐渐变得不那么受欢迎。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这反映了就业矛盾的变化，即结构性矛盾日益突出，且与年龄结构紧密相关。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 412, "txt": "这反映了就业矛盾的变化，即结构性矛盾日益突出，且与年龄结构紧密相关。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，劳动年龄人口结构呈现出U字形趋势，加剧了就业结构性矛盾。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 413, "txt": "同时，劳动年龄人口结构呈现出U字形趋势，加剧了就业结构性矛盾。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一点将在下文详述。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 414, "txt": "这一点将在下文详述。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "就业优先与人口支持政策目标要一致", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 416, "txt": "就业优先与人口支持政策目标要一致", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "利用“一老一小”大框架，可以将针对劳动力市场问题的研究和政策建议，都聚焦到以应对老龄化和少子化为重点的人口发展战略的完善上面。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 418, "txt": "利用“一老一小”大框架，可以将针对劳动力市场问题的研究和政策建议，都聚焦到以应对老龄化和少子化为重点的人口发展战略的完善上面。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "换言之，就业优先政策与人口支持政策在目的、路径和方法上均一致，两者可以相互融合，你中有我、我中有你。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 419, "txt": "换言之，就业优先政策与人口支持政策在目的、路径和方法上均一致，两者可以相互融合，你中有我、我中有你。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当前，“一老一小”就业群体的规模日益扩大。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 421, "txt": "当前，“一老一小”就业群体的规模日益扩大。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尽管中年就业群体仍是核心就业人群，但16~24岁人群和55岁以上人群的总和已占到全部劳动年龄人口的三分之一以上，且未来这一比例还将上升，他们的就业困难将更加突出。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 422, "txt": "尽管中年就业群体仍是核心就业人群，但16~24岁人群和55岁以上人群的总和已占到全部劳动年龄人口的三分之一以上，且未来这一比例还将上升，他们的就业困难将更加突出。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，这些劳动者应是就业优先政策的重点关注人群。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 423, "txt": "因此，这些劳动者应是就业优先政策的重点关注人群。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "无论是从人口发展战略的角度，还是从劳动力市场的角度来看，“一老一小”群体（劳动年龄人口中的大龄和青年群体）都面临着相似的就业结构性问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 425, "txt": "无论是从人口发展战略的角度，还是从劳动力市场的角度来看，“一老一小”群体", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[23]"}, {"position_id": 427, "txt": "（劳动年龄人口中的大龄和青年群体）", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[23]/span"}, {"position_id": 429, "txt": "都面临着相似的就业结构性问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[23]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，我们高度关注这些群体，并致力于解决他们的就业难题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 430, "txt": "因此，我们高度关注这些群体，并致力于解决他们的就业难题。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[23]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "展望未来，从人口年龄结构的变化趋势来看，中年群体在总人口中仍占据较高比例，但大龄劳动人群的数量将逐渐增加。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 432, "txt": "展望未来，从人口年龄结构的变化趋势来看，中年群体在总人口中仍占据较高比例，但大龄劳动人群的数量将逐渐增加。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，少年儿童人口虽然目前占比较大，但很快就会减少，而他们将逐渐成长为年轻的就业群体。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 433, "txt": "同时，少年儿童人口虽然目前占比较大，但很快就会减少，而他们将逐渐成长为年轻的就业群体。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，解决大龄劳动者和青年就业群体的就业难题，都是我们长期面临的艰巨任务。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 434, "txt": "因此，解决大龄劳动者和青年就业群体的就业难题，都是我们长期面临的艰巨任务。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "要完善人口支持政策体系，核心目标在于获取人口红利，而要实现这一目标并非易事，需要有相应的体制机制作为支撑。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 436, "txt": "要完善人口支持政策体系，核心目标在于获取人口红利，而要实现这一目标并非易事，需要有相应的体制机制作为支撑。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过深化相关领域改革，在劳动力市场上实现更充分和更高质量的就业，进而提高居民收入，从供给侧和需求侧支撑经济增长，这是改革红利的关键落脚点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 437, "txt": "通过深化相关领域改革，在劳动力市场上实现更充分和更高质量的就业，进而提高居民收入，从供给侧和需求侧支撑经济增长，这是改革红利的关键落脚点。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中国人口结构的U字形与就业匹配度的倒U字形", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 439, "txt": "中国人口结构的U字形与就业匹配度的倒U字形", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "基于以上大背景，我设想了一个U字形的人口结构曲线与一个倒U字形的匹配曲线，以反映我们面临的结构性就业矛盾。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 441, "txt": "基于以上大背景，我设想了一个U字形的人口结构曲线与一个倒U字形的匹配曲线，以反映我们面临的结构性就业矛盾。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[31]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一假说有待于进一步论证和验证。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 442, "txt": "这一假说有待于进一步论证和验证。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[31]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/32U9GE16bDtC1pHi8E3a1B4i.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 231, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/32U9GE16bDtC1pHi8E3a1B4i.png", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[33]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "图6—2可以被看作一张基于经验和数据支撑的示意图。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 444, "txt": "图6—2可以被看作一张基于经验和数据支撑的示意图。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "之所以说有经验的支撑，是因为该图系由跨国数据所得。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 445, "txt": "之所以说有经验的支撑，是因为该图系由跨国数据所得。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "图中向下倾斜的曲线，反映了处于人口转变最低阶段的状态，即拥有非常年轻的劳动年龄人口的极端情况。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 446, "txt": "图中向下倾斜的曲线，反映了处于人口转变最低阶段的状态，即拥有非常年轻的劳动年龄人口的极端情况。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这里我采用的是1950年世界上最不发达国家的人口年龄结构数据（仅针对16~64岁劳动年龄人口），其呈现下行趋势，很大部分人群集中在最年轻的群体，与人口转变阶段特征是相吻合的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 447, "txt": "这里我采用的是1950年世界上最不发达国家的人口年龄结构数据", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]"}, {"position_id": 449, "txt": "（仅针对16~64岁劳动年龄人口）", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]/span"}, {"position_id": 451, "txt": "，其呈现下行趋势，很大部分人群集中在最年轻的群体，与人口转变阶段特征是相吻合的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在此，我插一个话题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 453, "txt": "在此，我插一个话题。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "许多人在研究非洲问题或比较不发达国家的情况时，常提到这些国家的人口高度年轻化，并认为它们本应拥有充分的人口红利。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 454, "txt": "许多人在研究非洲问题或比较不发达国家的情况时，常提到这些国家的人口高度年轻化，并认为它们本应拥有充分的人口红利。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，我认为这一观点需要纠正。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 455, "txt": "然而，我认为这一观点需要纠正。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因为对于人口红利的错误认识，可能会影响我们对中国人口红利未来的开启战略。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 456, "txt": "因为对于人口红利的错误认识，可能会影响我们对中国人口红利未来的开启战略。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以撒哈拉以南非洲为例，相当多的国家中位年龄仅为16岁，人口非常年轻，我国中位年龄大约为38岁或39岁。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 457, "txt": "以撒哈拉以南非洲为例，相当多的国家中位年龄仅为16岁，人口非常年轻，我国中位年龄大约为38岁或39岁。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，年轻并不意味着就拥有人口红利。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 458, "txt": "然而，", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]"}, {"position_id": 460, "txt": "年轻并不意味着就拥有人口红利。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "16岁作为中位年龄，意味着这个国家一半的人口尚未达到法定劳动年龄，根本就不是就业群体，人口红利也无从谈起。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 462, "txt": "16岁作为中位年龄，意味着这个国家一半的人口尚未达到法定劳动年龄，根本就不是就业群体，人口红利也无从谈起。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这就是图中向下倾斜曲线的内在含义。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 463, "txt": "这就是图中向下倾斜曲线的内在含义。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另一方面，高度老龄化的国家即人口转变到后期或后人口红利时期的国家的人口年龄结构，系发达国家在2050年的人口年龄结构，如图中向上倾斜的曲线，所呈现的上扬趋势正是少子化和老龄化问题的体现。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 465, "txt": "另一方面，高度老龄化的国家即人口转变到后期或后人口红利时期的国家的人口年龄结构，系发达国家在2050年的人口年龄结构，如图中向上倾斜的曲线，所呈现的上扬趋势正是少子化和老龄化问题的体现。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以上两条曲线，分别表现了两种极端的劳动年龄人口结构。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 467, "txt": "以上两条曲线，分别表现了两种极端的劳动年龄人口结构。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在两种极端情形之间，还存在一个人口转变的中间状态。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 468, "txt": "在两种极端情形之间，还存在一个人口转变的中间状态。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个中间状态既尚未完全脱离早期人口转变阶段，也未达到极度老龄化的人口转变阶段，例如中国的现状。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 469, "txt": "这个中间状态既尚未完全脱离早期人口转变阶段，也未达到极度老龄化的人口转变阶段，例如中国的现状。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，中国还具有“未富先老”特征，即在尚未实现富裕时就已经达到较高的老龄化程度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 470, "txt": "此外，", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[41]"}, {"position_id": 472, "txt": "中国还具有“未富先老”特征，即在尚未实现富裕时就已经达到较高的老龄化程度。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[41]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些特征综合起来，使中国处于这种中间状态。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 474, "txt": "这些特征综合起来，使中国处于这种中间状态。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[41]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我设想这个中间状态的劳动人口年龄分布呈U字形，即青年就业人群和大龄就业人群的占比都相对较高，而中间年龄的人群则有所减少。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 475, "txt": "我设想这个中间状态的劳动人口年龄分布呈U字形，即青年就业人群和大龄就业人群的占比都相对较高，而中间年龄的人群则有所减少。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[41]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然这个U字形能否得到直接而显著的呈现尚不确定，但从理论上可以推断出，中国处在特定的发展阶段，其人口结构最接近这种U字形。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 477, "txt": "虽然这个U字形能否得到直接而显著的呈现尚不确定，但从理论上可以推断出，中国处在特定的发展阶段，其人口结构最接近这种U字形。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "或许还未完全形成U字形，但比其他任何时期都更接近。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 478, "txt": "或许还未完全形成U字形，但比其他任何时期都更接近。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，我们将U字形作为理论特征，而非肉眼可见的特征，有助于进行分析。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 479, "txt": "因此，我们将U字形作为理论特征，而非肉眼可见的特征，有助于进行分析。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时我们也观察到，中国人力资本在具有一般特征之外，还具有一些独特特点，其中也蕴含着中国特色。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 480, "txt": "同时我们也观察到，中国人力资本在具有一般特征之外，还具有一些独特特点，其中也蕴含着中国特色。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在中国，少年群体及青年就业人群的受教育程度较高，人均受教育年限在24岁时达到峰值。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 482, "txt": "在中国，少年群体及青年就业人群的受教育程度较高，人均受教育年限在24岁时达到峰值。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[45]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "根据相关研究文献，中国和其他一些发展中国家普遍呈现出类似趋势，即在24岁左右受教育程度达到最高点后，随着年龄的增长，受教育程度逐渐下降，形成一条向下递减的曲线。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 484, "txt": "根据相关研究文献，中国和其他一些发展中国家普遍呈现出类似趋势，即在24岁左右受教育程度达到最高点后，随着年龄的增长，受教育程度逐渐下降，形成一条向下递减的曲线。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[47]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一现象在发达经济体中并不存在。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 486, "txt": "这一现象在发达经济体中并不存在。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[49]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国、欧洲国家、日本等发达经济体，分年龄段的受教育年限系较为平坦的水平线，24岁与64岁人口的人均受教育年限基本相当。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 487, "txt": "美国、欧洲国家、日本等发达经济体，分年龄段的受教育年限系较为平坦的水平线，24岁与64岁人口的人均受教育年限基本相当。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[49]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中国尽管教育发展曾相对滞后，但在改革开放的推动下，实现了快速的赶超，每一代人的受教育程度均超过前一代。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 489, "txt": "中国尽管教育发展曾相对滞后，但在改革开放的推动下，实现了快速的赶超，每一代人的受教育程度均超过前一代。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[51]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，中国人口的受教育年限随着年龄增长而下降的趋势尤为明显。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 490, "txt": "因此，中国人口的受教育年限随着年龄增长而下降的趋势尤为明显。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[51]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这说明中国的教育在持续地进步，人均受教育年限哪怕每10年把平均值提高1年都意义重大，须知教育的发展是一个长期且艰巨的过程，人口平均受教育年限的每一点提升都凝聚着巨大的努力与投入。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 491, "txt": "这说明中国的教育在持续地进步，人均受教育年限哪怕每10年把平均值提高1年都意义重大，须知教育的发展是一个长期且艰巨的过程，人口平均受教育年限的每一点提升都凝聚着巨大的努力与投入。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[51]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中国在过去30年间所取得的进步，无疑是十分显著的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 492, "txt": "中国在过去30年间所取得的进步，无疑是十分显著的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[51]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，整体受教育年限的提高较快，就会在代际或队列之间产生较大差距，使受教育年限随着年龄增长而下降的趋势表现出来。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 493, "txt": "同时，整体受教育年限的提高较快，就会在代际或队列之间产生较大差距，使受教育年限随着年龄增长而下降的趋势表现出来。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[51]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "人口平均受教育年限作为人力资本的代理指标，是用计量方法观察就业技能及其回报的重要变量，但并非唯一变量。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 495, "txt": "人口平均受教育年限作为人力资本的代理指标，是用计量方法观察就业技能及其回报的重要变量，但并非唯一变量。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[53]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "工作经验同样对人力资本的提升具有重要影响，随着工作经历增长，劳动者解决问题的能力也在提高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 496, "txt": "工作经验同样对人力资本的提升具有重要影响，随着工作经历增长，劳动者解决问题的能力也在提高。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[53]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在中国，受教育年限与工作经验之间存在明显的反向关系：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 497, "txt": "在中国，受教育年限与工作经验之间存在明显的反向关系：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[53]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "青年人群受教育年限较高，但缺乏工作经验；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 498, "txt": "青年人群受教育年限较高，但缺乏工作经验；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[53]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而大龄劳动者虽然工作经验丰富，但受教育年限较低。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 499, "txt": "而大龄劳动者虽然工作经验丰富，但受教育年限较低。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[53]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从这一角度来看，中间年龄段的人群可能在两者之间取得较好的平衡，既具备较高的受教育程度，又拥有一定的工作经验，从而形成更为优越的人力资本。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 501, "txt": "从这一角度来看，中间年龄段的人群可能在两者之间取得较好的平衡，既具备较高的受教育程度，又拥有一定的工作经验，从而形成更为优越的人力资本。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[55]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "基于这一观察，我们提出一个假说：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 502, "txt": "基于这一观察，我们提出一个假说：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[55]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "劳动力市场的匹配度与年龄具有倒U字形曲线关系，即中间年龄段的人群在市场上的匹配度最佳。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 503, "txt": "劳动力市场的匹配度与年龄具有倒U字形曲线关系，即中间年龄段的人群在市场上的匹配度最佳。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[55]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们用2020年第七次人口普查的数据对这一假说进行了验证。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 505, "txt": "我们用2020年第七次人口普查的数据对这一假说进行了验证。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[57]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "结果显示，城镇居民劳动者的就业率分年龄来看，确实呈现出倒U字形曲线—青年群体就业率偏低，中年群体达到最高点，随后下降，到大龄群体就降到比较低的水平。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 506, "txt": "结果显示，城镇居民劳动者的就业率分年龄来看，确实呈现出倒U字形曲线—青年群体就业率偏低，中年群体达到最高点，随后下降，到大龄群体就降到比较低的水平。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[57]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一结果充分验证了我们的假说，即劳动力市场的匹配度与年龄呈倒U字形关系。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 507, "txt": "这一结果充分验证了我们的假说，即劳动力市场的匹配度与年龄呈倒U字形关系。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[57]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，我们还注意到，在发达国家，青年就业群体和大龄就业群体同样面临着较大的就业困难。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 509, "txt": "此外，我们还注意到，在发达国家，青年就业群体和大龄就业群体同样面临着较大的就业困难。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[59]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "例如，24岁以下的青年就业群体更容易签订“零时合同”（即雇主不保证提供固定的工作时间，员工只有在被要求工作时才工作，并且雇主只对实际工作的时间支付工资），而60岁以上的人口一旦失业，再就业的难度比其他人群要高1倍。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 510, "txt": "例如，24岁以下的青年就业群体更容易签订“零时合同”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[59]"}, {"position_id": 512, "txt": "（即雇主不保证提供固定的工作时间，员工只有在被要求工作时才工作，并且雇主只对实际工作的时间支付工资）", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[59]/span"}, {"position_id": 514, "txt": "，而60岁以上的人口一旦失业，再就业的难度比其他人群要高1倍。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[59]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些现象都进一步支持了我们的假说，即匹配度的倒U字形曲线在劳动力市场上是成立的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 515, "txt": "这些现象都进一步支持了我们的假说，即匹配度的倒U字形曲线在劳动力市场上是成立的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[59]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，U字形的劳动年龄人口分布和倒U字形的劳动力市场匹配度，构成了一对矛盾。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 517, "txt": "因此，U字形的劳动年龄人口分布和倒U字形的劳动力市场匹配度，构成了一对矛盾。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[61]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "它们在中国当前发展阶段下同时存在，带来了特有的与人口相关的劳动力市场特征和结构性就业矛盾。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 518, "txt": "它们在中国当前发展阶段下同时存在，带来了特有的与人口相关的劳动力市场特征和结构性就业矛盾。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[61]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中国目前是否呈最接近U字形的人口分布，我们尝试用最简单的人口变化来进行分析。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 520, "txt": "中国目前是否呈最接近U字形的人口分布，我们尝试用最简单的人口变化来进行分析。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1990年时，青少年人群比重最高，到了2005年，当年的年轻人开始在劳动力市场上成为中年人，再到2020年第七次人口普查时，这部分人就到了大龄群体中。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 521, "txt": "1990年时，青少年人群比重最高，到了2005年，当年的年轻人开始在劳动力市场上成为中年人，再到2020年第七次人口普查时，这部分人就到了大龄群体中。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "非人口学专业的如果需要理解人口趋势和特征，可以采用一种理解人口动态的分析方法，即借用回声的概念。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 523, "txt": "非人口学专业的如果需要理解人口趋势和特征，可以采用一种理解人口动态的分析方法，即借用回声的概念。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "想象一下，当你在群山环绕的山谷中发出声音，声音会在对面的山壁上形成回声，然后反射到你身后的山壁，再次形成回声。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 524, "txt": "想象一下，当你在群山环绕的山谷中发出声音，声音会在对面的山壁上形成回声，然后反射到你身后的山壁，再次形成回声。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "每一次回声都源自你发出的声音，但逐渐减弱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 525, "txt": "每一次回声都源自你发出的声音，但逐渐减弱。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "你发声时是婴儿潮，第一次回声象征着上学潮，随后是就业潮，再往后则是养老潮。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 526, "txt": "你发声时是婴儿潮，第一次回声象征着上学潮，随后是就业潮，再往后则是养老潮。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然这些回声会逐渐减弱，但它们的发生是必然的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 527, "txt": "虽然这些回声会逐渐减弱，但它们的发生是必然的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，到2035年时，中间年龄段人群相对于其他任何时代都是最少的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 528, "txt": "因此，到2035年时，中间年龄段人群相对于其他任何时代都是最少的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一趋势使得U字形特征成为这个时期的最突出特点，“一老一小”成为最重要的就业矛盾。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 529, "txt": "这一趋势使得U字形特征成为这个时期的最突出特点，", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]"}, {"position_id": 531, "txt": "“一老一小”成为最重要的就业矛盾。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这是我们观察到的现实，也是我们需要深入思考和解决的问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 533, "txt": "这是我们观察到的现实，也是我们需要深入思考和解决的问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "应对之策：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 535, "txt": "应对之策：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[67]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "加大力度、加快速度推进人力资本培养和公共就业服务", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 536, "txt": "加大力度、加快速度推进人力资本培养和公共就业服务", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[67]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在U字形人口年龄结构与倒U字形人力资源市场匹配产生反差的背景下，如何解决中国的结构性就业矛盾？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 538, "txt": "在U字形人口年龄结构与倒U字形人力资源市场匹配产生反差的背景下，如何解决中国的结构性就业矛盾？", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[69]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我从人力资本培养和公共就业服务两个方面入手，为解决这一矛盾提供一些政策建议。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 539, "txt": "我从人力资本培养和公共就业服务两个方面入手，为解决这一矛盾提供一些政策建议。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[69]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第一，政策工具箱的充实与贯通。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 541, "txt": "第一，政策工具箱的充实与贯通。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[71]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们首先需要转变一个传统观念。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 543, "txt": "我们首先需要转变一个传统观念。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[73]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "过去，宏观经济调控部门在涉及就业时，主要遵循菲利普斯曲线，认为只要通过刺激经济、创造足够的需求使经济回到潜在增长水平，就能消除周期性失业，实现充分就业，从而达到宏观调控的目标。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 544, "txt": "过去，宏观经济调控部门在涉及就业时，主要遵循菲利普斯曲线，认为只要通过刺激经济、创造足够的需求使经济回到潜在增长水平，就能消除周期性失业，实现充分就业，从而达到宏观调控的目标。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[73]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，在经历了疫情等冲击后，即使采取了刺激性政策，经济有所恢复，面临的也可能是更高的自然失业水平。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 545, "txt": "然而，在经历了疫情等冲击后，即使采取了刺激性政策，经济有所恢复，面临的也可能是更高的自然失业水平。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[73]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这是因为短期冲击叠加人口结构新特征，如老龄化程度加深、劳动年龄人口趋于U字形分布，都可能影响就业市场的恢复。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 546, "txt": "这是因为短期冲击叠加人口结构新特征，如老龄化程度加深、劳动年龄人口趋于U字形分布，都可能影响就业市场的恢复。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[73]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，仅仅依赖原有的宏观经济政策手段是不够的，还需要结合公共就业服务、劳动力市场功能完善，以及相关体制机制改革等其他政策工具。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 547, "txt": "因此，仅仅依赖原有的宏观经济政策手段是不够的，还需要结合公共就业服务、劳动力市场功能完善，以及相关体制机制改革等其他政策工具。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[73]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这意味着，结构性改革手段与宏观经济的周期性工具应相互结合，长期的工具与短期的工具应协同发挥作用，共同构成一揽子宏观经济政策工具箱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 549, "txt": "这意味着，结构性改革手段与宏观经济的周期性工具应相互结合，长期的工具与短期的工具应协同发挥作用，共同构成一揽子宏观经济政策工具箱。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[75]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这就是说，除了关注菲利普斯曲线，运用货币政策和财政政策的标准政策工具应对周期性失业，我们还应关注贝弗里奇曲线，扩充和贯通长期化政策工具以应对结构性矛盾，降低自然失业率。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 551, "txt": "这就是说，除了关注菲利普斯曲线，运用货币政策和财政政策的标准政策工具应对周期性失业，我们还应关注贝弗里奇曲线，扩充和贯通长期化政策工具以应对结构性矛盾，降低自然失业率。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[77]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于疫情后复苏而言，这样可以事半功倍，提高充分就业水平和就业质量。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 552, "txt": "对于疫情后复苏而言，这样可以事半功倍，提高充分就业水平和就业质量。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[77]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二，从结构入手释放总量潜力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 554, "txt": "第二，从结构入手释放总量潜力。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[79]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们都说就业总量问题得到了缓解，可事实上，虽然劳动力总量过多对应着岗位不足的问题得以缓解，但又变成劳动力总量过少以致出现劳动力短缺问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 556, "txt": "我们都说就业总量问题得到了缓解，可事实上，虽然劳动力总量过多对应着岗位不足的问题得以缓解，但又变成劳动力总量过少以致出现劳动力短缺问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[81]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "无论偏多或偏少，皆非理想状态。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 557, "txt": "无论偏多或偏少，皆非理想状态。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[81]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，解决总量短缺同样需要改革，并将其作为政策施力的一个重要方面。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 558, "txt": "因此，解决总量短缺同样需要改革，并将其作为政策施力的一个重要方面。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[81]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从数据上看，无论是劳动年龄人口、劳动力人群还是实际就业的城乡劳动者，其数量都正在从正增长转变为零增长，进而进入负增长。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 560, "txt": "从数据上看，无论是劳动年龄人口、劳动力人群还是实际就业的城乡劳动者，其数量都正在从正增长转变为零增长，进而进入负增长。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[83]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但值得注意的是，尽管劳动年龄人口和劳动力数量已经呈现负增长，我们仍然有可能实现城镇就业的正增长。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 561, "txt": "但值得注意的是，尽管劳动年龄人口和劳动力数量已经呈现负增长，我们仍然有可能实现城镇就业的正增长。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[83]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "解决这一矛盾的基本路径可以有以下三个：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 563, "txt": "解决这一矛盾的基本路径可以有以下三个：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[85]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一是通过促进劳动力的有效流动和配置，挖掘劳动力（转移）供给潜力；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 564, "txt": "一是通过促进劳动力的有效流动和配置，挖掘劳动力", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[85]"}, {"position_id": 566, "txt": "（转移）", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[85]/span"}, {"position_id": 568, "txt": "供给潜力；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[85]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "二是转向依靠生产率提高的新动能，因为靠投入劳动力和资本的经济增长终究不可持续，要实现经济增长动能的转换；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 569, "txt": "二是转向依靠生产率提高的新动能，因为靠投入劳动力和资本的经济增长终究不可持续，要实现经济增长动能的转换；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[85]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "三是以人力资本质量替代劳动力数量，包括加强人力资本的培养、提升劳动者的技能水平等方面。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 570, "txt": "三是以人力资本质量替代劳动力数量，包括加强人力资本的培养、提升劳动者的技能水平等方面。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[85]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以户籍制度改革为例。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 572, "txt": "以户籍制度改革为例。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[87]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "户籍制度改革在开发人力资源方面，无论是从劳动力数量还是人力资本的角度来看，都具有显著的意义。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 573, "txt": "户籍制度改革在开发人力资源方面，无论是从劳动力数量还是人力资本的角度来看，都具有显著的意义。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[87]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "根据2020年第七次人口普查的数据，在全部城镇常住居民中，有相当高比例（超过30%）的人口没有所在乡、镇或街道的户籍。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 574, "txt": "根据2020年第七次人口普查的数据，在全部城镇常住居民中，有相当高比例", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[87]"}, {"position_id": 576, "txt": "（超过30%）", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[87]/span"}, {"position_id": 578, "txt": "的人口没有所在乡、镇或街道的户籍。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[87]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而从年龄分布来看，在十几岁到40岁的这个年龄段，没有当地户籍的人群比重更高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 579, "txt": "而从年龄分布来看，在十几岁到40岁的这个年龄段，没有当地户籍的人群比重更高。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[87]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这部分人群中，固然有一部分可能是在城市就学，尚未确定落户地点，但也包含了大量劳动者群体，特别是青年就业群体。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 580, "txt": "这部分人群中，固然有一部分可能是在城市就学，尚未确定落户地点，但也包含了大量劳动者群体，特别是青年就业群体。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[87]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "党的二十届三中全会特别强调了退役军人、农民工、大学毕业生群体的就业矛盾，“一老一小”中这部分人的问题是一个重点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 582, "txt": "党的二十届三中全会特别强调了退役军人、农民工、大学毕业生群体的就业矛盾，“一老一小”中这部分人的问题是一个重点。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[89]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于大龄劳动者而言，尽管户籍问题可能不如对青年劳动者那么重要，但也不无影响。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 583, "txt": "对于大龄劳动者而言，尽管户籍问题可能不如对青年劳动者那么重要，但也不无影响。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[89]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "许多农民工在过了40岁或更大一些的年龄后，由于不再受就业市场欢迎而选择返乡，这样他们往往只能退回到生产率更低的部门，如务农或在家乡从事服务业，这意味着资源配置的退化和生产率的降低。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 584, "txt": "许多农民工在过了40岁或更大一些的年龄后，由于不再受就业市场欢迎而选择返乡，这样他们往往只能退回到生产率更低的部门，如务农或在家乡从事服务业，这意味着资源配置的退化和生产率的降低。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[89]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种劳动力市场的动向，也在一定程度上反映了户籍制度对劳动力市场的影响。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 585, "txt": "这种劳动力市场的动向，也在一定程度上反映了户籍制度对劳动力市场的影响。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[89]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，户籍制度改革不仅关乎人口流动和资源配置的优化，更是开发人力资源、促进社会流动的重要举措。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 587, "txt": "因此，户籍制度改革不仅关乎人口流动和资源配置的优化，更是开发人力资源、促进社会流动的重要举措。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[91]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过改革，可以进一步释放人力资源的潜力，推动经济社会的持续健康发展。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 588, "txt": "通过改革，可以进一步释放人力资源的潜力，推动经济社会的持续健康发展。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[91]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于城镇居民而言，户籍制度与年龄的关系并不显著。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 590, "txt": "对于城镇居民而言，户籍制度与年龄的关系并不显著。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，在面临老龄化问题时，他们也需要面对延迟法定退休年龄的改革。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 591, "txt": "然而，在面临老龄化问题时，他们也需要面对延迟法定退休年龄的改革。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "延迟退休政策不能简单地“一延了之”，而是需要新的应对策略。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 592, "txt": "延迟退休政策不能简单地“一延了之”，而是需要新的应对策略。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果大龄劳动者的就业服务不充分，人力资本与劳动力市场需求不匹配，他们可能会在劳动力市场上遭遇冲击。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 593, "txt": "如果大龄劳动者的就业服务不充分，人力资本与劳动力市场需求不匹配，他们可能会在劳动力市场上遭遇冲击。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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this blog post.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1928, "txt": "[] Actually there is a third one that was not patched in Valve's build, but since it is already known (CVE-2022-35894, CVE-2022-35895, CVE-2021-33627), we won't speak about it in this blog post.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[20]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The Vulnerabilities", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1930, "txt": "The Vulnerabilities", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/h3[3]"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Bug #1 - AmdPspP2CmboxV2.efi (CVE-2024-21925)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1932, "txt": "Bug #1 - AmdPspP2CmboxV2.efi (CVE-2024-21925)", "x": 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"/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[26]/code"}, {"position_id": 2054, "txt": ", in charge of updating the firmware, it is not possible to easily overwrite the SMRAM.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[26]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The commands 6 and 7 are used to communicate with the Platform Security Processor through a mechanism of mailboxes.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2056, "txt": "The commands 6 and 7 are used to communicate with the Platform Security Processor through a mechanism of mailboxes.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Here again, the parameters are not sanitized enough:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2057, "txt": " Here 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Run Time phase, when AmdPspDxeV2Ff3.sys executes its notification routine for the EFI_EVENT_EXIT_BOOT_SERVICES_GUID event.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2064, "txt": "It should be noted that, this handler is removed before entering the ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[28]"}, {"position_id": 2066, "txt": "Run Time phase", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[28]/a"}, {"position_id": 2068, "txt": ", when ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[28]/a"}, {"position_id": 2070, "txt": "AmdPspDxeV2Ff3.sys", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[28]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2072, "txt": " executes its notification routine for the ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[28]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2074, "txt": "EFI_EVENT_EXIT_BOOT_SERVICES_GUID", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[28]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 2076, "txt": " event.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[28]/code[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, one must have physical access to the device to reach the vulnerability, which can appear rather inconvenient in some contexts.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2078, "txt": "Therefore, one must have physical access to the device to reach the vulnerability, which can appear rather inconvenient in some contexts.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Still, to experiment with the Steam Deck, this is a neat capability to have.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2079, "txt": " Still, to experiment with the Steam Deck, this is a neat capability to have.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Bug #2:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2081, "txt": "Bug #2:", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/h4[2]"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " AmdCpmDisplayFeatureSmm.efi (CVE-2024-0179)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2082, "txt": " AmdCpmDisplayFeatureSmm.efi (CVE-2024-0179)", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/h4[2]"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The second vulnerability lies in an SMM module called AmdCpmDisplayFeatureSmm.efi (30AF4110-A58E-4EF7-8C75-B725939B3B9F).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2084, "txt": "The second vulnerability lies in an SMM module called ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[30]"}, {"position_id": 2086, "txt": "AmdCpmDisplayFeatureSmm.efi", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[30]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2088, "txt": " (", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[30]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2090, "txt": "30AF4110-A58E-4EF7-8C75-B725939B3B9F", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[30]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 2092, "txt": ").", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[30]/code[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " As the name suggests, this module seems related to a hardware device:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2093, "txt": " As the name suggests, this module seems related to a hardware device:", "x": 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"global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " its DXE counterpart named AmdCpmDisplayFeatureDxe.efi, and another one in SMM called AmdCpmInitSmm.efi.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2106, "txt": " its DXE counterpart named ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[31]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2108, "txt": "AmdCpmDisplayFeatureDxe.efi", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[31]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 2110, "txt": ", and another one in SMM called ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[31]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 2112, "txt": "AmdCpmInitSmm.efi", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[31]/code[3]"}, {"position_id": 2114, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[31]/code[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The three of them appear to be used to initialize and provide information from/to the CPM.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2115, "txt": " The three of them appear to be used to initialize and provide information from/to the CPM.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[31]/code[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "AmdCpmDisplayFeatureSmm.efi registers two software SMI (SWSMI):", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2117, "txt": "AmdCpmDisplayFeatureSmm.efi", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[32]/code"}, {"position_id": 2119, "txt": " registers two software SMI (SWSMI):", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[32]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "a handler with the ID 0xE3 and located at offset 0x3364;", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2121, "txt": "a handler with the ID 0xE3 and located at offset 0x3364;", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/ul[2]/li[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "a handler with the ID 0xED and located at offset 0x3488;", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2123, "txt": "a handler with the ID 0xED and located at offset 0x3488;", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/ul[2]/li[2]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The whole process involved in these handlers is quite complex and won't be described in this post. ", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2125, "txt": "The whole process involved in these handlers is quite complex and won't be described in this post. ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The functions relevant in the context of the vulnerability are at offset 0x2304 (called by the handler 0xED) and 0x280C (called by the handler 0xE3) in the vulnerable module.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2127, "txt": "The functions relevant in the context of the vulnerability are at offset 0x2304 (called by the handler 0xED) and 0x280C (called by the handler 0xE3) in the vulnerable module.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[34]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "They rely on the information provided by AmdCpmDisplayFeatureDxe.efi and on a data array, dubbed CPMConfigTable in this post, which is accessible through AmdCpmInitSmm.efi interface.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2128, "txt": "\nThey rely on the information provided by ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[34]"}, {"position_id": 2130, "txt": "AmdCpmDisplayFeatureDxe.efi", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[34]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2132, "txt": " and on a data array, dubbed ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[34]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2134, "txt": "CPMConfigTable", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[34]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 2136, "txt": " in this post, which is accessible through ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[34]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 2138, "txt": "AmdCpmInitSmm.efi", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[34]/code[3]"}, {"position_id": 2140, "txt": " interface.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[34]/code[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " These elements are located in DXE and are used to compute offsets and addresses in the memory space of what seems to be the CPM.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2141, "txt": " These elements are located in DXE and are used to compute offsets and addresses in the memory space of what seems to be the CPM.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[34]/code[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As an example, the computation for function 0x2304 can be summarized with the following code:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2143, "txt": "As an example, the computation for function 0x2304 can be summarized with the following code:", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "UINT8CPMConfigTable=(UINT8)(AmdCpmInitSmmInterface+8);UINT8AmdCpmDisplayTable=(UINT8)(AmdCpmDisplayFeatureDxeInterface+0x10);if((UINT16)&CPMConfigTable[0x63]!=0x400\|\|AmdCpmDisplayTable[0x2c]==0){return;}UINT8val_2c=AmdCpmDisplayTable[0x2c];UINT8val_2d=AmdCpmDisplayTable[0x2d];UINT32value=AmdCpmInitSmmInterface.readDwordFromAddress(val_2d,val_2c>>3,val_2c&7,0);AmdCpmInitSmmInterface.writeDwordToAddress(val_2d,val_2c>>3,val_2c&7,0x24,AmdCpmDisplayTable[0x12c])// ...value=value>>0x10;UINT32temp=0;if(value<=0x67C0)temp=0x10;elseif(value<=0x67E0)temp=0x11;// 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"/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[76]"}, {"position_id": 3926, "txt": "0xFFFFFFFD", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[76]/code"}, {"position_id": 3928, "txt": " bit mask on addresses aligned on a 0x10-byte boundary, it would still be possible to exploit the targeted variable should it be shifted elsewhere in memory.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[76]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 130, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1-Fixed Byte Write to Arbitrary Write Primitive", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3930, "txt": "1-Fixed Byte Write to Arbitrary Write Primitive", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/h3[6]"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 131, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While we leveraged the command responsible for reading the flash in order to gain a read primitive in SMRAM, one can hardly do the same with its write counterpart.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3932, "txt": "While we leveraged the command responsible for reading the flash in order to gain a read primitive in SMRAM, one can hardly do the same with its write counterpart.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[77]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 132, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Indeed, both read and write mechanisms rely on the same \"backend\" as AmdPspP2CmboxV2.efi (FwBlockServiceSmm.efi).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3933, "txt": " Indeed, both read and write mechanisms rely on the same \"backend\" as ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[77]"}, {"position_id": 3935, "txt": "AmdPspP2CmboxV2.efi", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[77]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 3937, "txt": " (", "x": 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"x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 3960, "txt": "buffer", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 3962, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[8]"}, {"position_id": 3964, "txt": "UINT64", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 3966, "txt": "length", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 3968, "txt": "){", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[13]"}, {"position_id": 3970, "txt": "EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[15]"}, {"position_id": 3972, "txt": "end_buffer", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[17]"}, {"position_id": 3974, "txt": "=", "x": 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"/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[33]"}, {"position_id": 3992, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[34]"}, {"position_id": 3994, "txt": "buffer", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[35]"}, {"position_id": 3996, "txt": "==", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[37]"}, {"position_id": 3998, "txt": "0", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[39]"}, {"position_id": 4000, "txt": "\|\|", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[41]"}, {"position_id": 4002, "txt": "length", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[43]"}, {"position_id": 4004, "txt": "==", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[45]"}, {"position_id": 4006, "txt": "0", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[47]"}, {"position_id": 4008, "txt": "\|\|", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[49]"}, {"position_id": 4010, "txt": "end_buffer", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[52]"}, {"position_id": 4012, "txt": "<", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[54]"}, {"position_id": 4014, "txt": "buffer", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[56]"}, {"position_id": 4016, "txt": "\|\|", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[58]"}, {"position_id": 4018, "txt": "buffer", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[60]"}, {"position_id": 4020, "txt": "<", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[13]/pre/code/span[62]"}, {"position_id": 4022, "txt": "mIhisiCommandBuf", "x": 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and mIhisiCommandBufSize are aligned on a 0x10-byte boundary and the bit mask won't affect them.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4052, "txt": "Here, solely relying on the ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[80]"}, {"position_id": 4054, "txt": "AND", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[80]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 4056, "txt": " capabilities is not possible as both ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[80]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 4058, "txt": "mIhisiCommandBuf", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[80]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 4060, "txt": " and ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[80]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 4062, "txt": "mIhisiCommandBufSize", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[80]/code[3]"}, {"position_id": 4064, "txt": " are aligned on a 0x10-byte boundary and the bit mask won't affect them.", "x": 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This is somewhat restrictive but still perfect to get rid of the check in this specific context.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4067, "txt": "As we saw previously, this primitive offers the possibility to write ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[81]"}, {"position_id": 4069, "txt": "0x83", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[81]/code"}, {"position_id": 4071, "txt": " at any address which has the lowest nibble equal to 4. This is somewhat restrictive but still perfect to get rid of the check in this specific context.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[81]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 137, "global_sentence_id": 213, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "mIhisiCommandBufSize being a 64-bit long variable, overwriting its highest bytes enables to extend the shared buffer far enough to overlap it with the SMRAM.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4073, "txt": "mIhisiCommandBufSize", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[82]/code"}, {"position_id": 4075, "txt": " being a 64-bit long variable, overwriting its highest bytes enables to extend the shared buffer far enough to overlap it with the SMRAM.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[82]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 138, "global_sentence_id": 214, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img img", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1478, "txt": "<img img", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[83]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 139, "global_sentence_id": 215, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "From this point, any address in SMRAM is considered by IsSharedBufferValid within the boundary of the shared memory and thus is valid.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4077, "txt": "From this point, any address in SMRAM is considered by ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[84]"}, {"position_id": 4079, "txt": "IsSharedBufferValid", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[84]/code"}, {"position_id": 4081, "txt": " within the boundary of the shared memory and thus is valid.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[84]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 140, "global_sentence_id": 216, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Arbitrary Read-Write Primitive to Code Execution", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4083, "txt": "Arbitrary Read-Write Primitive to Code Execution", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/h3[7]"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 141, "global_sentence_id": 217, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To achieve code execution in SMM, one could simply create a fake SWSMI handler as it was described in the previous blog post.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4085, "txt": "To achieve code execution in SMM, one could simply create a fake SWSMI handler as it was described in the ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[85]"}, {"position_id": 4087, "txt": "previous blog post", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[85]/a"}, {"position_id": 4089, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[85]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 142, "global_sentence_id": 218, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, in order to entertain our astute reader, we'll try something a tiny bit different.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4091, "txt": "However, in order to entertain our astute reader, we'll try something a tiny bit different.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[86]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 143, "global_sentence_id": 219, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Here again, this method will only work if the firmware is based on Insyde's project as we leverage IhisiServicesSmm's interface.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4092, "txt": " Here again, this method will only work if the firmware is based on Insyde's project as we leverage ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[86]"}, {"position_id": 4094, "txt": "IhisiServicesSmm", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[86]/code"}, {"position_id": 4096, "txt": "'s interface.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[86]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 143, "global_sentence_id": 220, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Since the module was already used to gain previous primitives anyway, we hope our hot-headed reader won't complain too much about the technique not being generic at this point.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4097, "txt": " Since the module was already used to gain previous primitives anyway, we hope our hot-headed reader won't complain too much about the technique not being generic at this point.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[86]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 143, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Ihisi commands can be dynamically added and removed via IhisiServicesSmm's interface:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4099, "txt": "Ihisi commands can be dynamically added and removed via ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[87]"}, {"position_id": 4101, "txt": "IhisiServicesSmm", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[87]/code"}, {"position_id": 4103, "txt": "'s interface:", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[87]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 144, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "structEFI_SMM_IHISI_PROTOCOL{UINT64Size;IHISI_ADD_IHISI_CMDAddIhisCmd;// add new commandIHISI_REMOVE_IHISI_CMDRemoveIhisCmd;// remove commandsIHISI_CALL_CMD_GROUPCallCmdGroup;IHISI_READ_SAVE_STATEReadSaveState;IHISI_WRITE_SAVE_STATEWriteSaveState;IHISI_IS_IN_SMRAMIsInSmRam;IHISI_IS_BUFFER_VALIDIsBufferValid;IHISI_GET_AUTH_STATUSGetAuthStatus;IHISI_GET_CMD_BUFFERGetCmdBuffer;IHISI_UNKNOWNGetUnknownBuffer;IHISI_IS_UNKN_BUF_VALIDIsUnkBufValid;IHISI_CALL_COMMANDCallCommand;}typedefEFI_STATUS(EFIAPIIHISI_ADD_IHISI_CMD)(UINT32CmdId,IHISI_FUNCTIONFunction,UINT8Priority);typedefEFI_STATUS(EFIAPIIHISI_REMOVE_IHISI_CMD)(UINT32CmdId,UINT8Priority_min,UINT8Priority_max);", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4105, "txt": "struct", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 4107, "txt": "EFI_SMM_IHISI_PROTOCOL", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 4109, "txt": "{", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 4111, "txt": "UINT64", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 4113, "txt": "Size", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 4115, "txt": ";", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 4117, "txt": "IHISI_ADD_IHISI_CMD", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 4119, "txt": "AddIhisCmd", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[14]"}, {"position_id": 4121, "txt": ";", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[15]"}, {"position_id": 4123, "txt": "// add new command", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[17]"}, {"position_id": 4125, "txt": "IHISI_REMOVE_IHISI_CMD", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[19]"}, {"position_id": 4127, "txt": "RemoveIhisCmd", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[21]"}, {"position_id": 4129, "txt": ";", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[22]"}, {"position_id": 4131, "txt": "// remove commands", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[24]"}, {"position_id": 4133, "txt": "IHISI_CALL_CMD_GROUP", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[26]"}, {"position_id": 4135, "txt": "CallCmdGroup", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[28]"}, {"position_id": 4137, "txt": ";", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[29]"}, {"position_id": 4139, "txt": "IHISI_READ_SAVE_STATE", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[31]"}, {"position_id": 4141, "txt": "ReadSaveState", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[33]"}, {"position_id": 4143, "txt": ";", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[34]"}, {"position_id": 4145, "txt": "IHISI_WRITE_SAVE_STATE", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[36]"}, {"position_id": 4147, "txt": "WriteSaveState", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[38]"}, {"position_id": 4149, "txt": ";", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[39]"}, {"position_id": 4151, "txt": "IHISI_IS_IN_SMRAM", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[41]"}, {"position_id": 4153, "txt": "IsInSmRam", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[43]"}, {"position_id": 4155, "txt": ";", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[44]"}, {"position_id": 4157, "txt": 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"/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[58]"}, {"position_id": 4173, "txt": ";", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[59]"}, {"position_id": 4175, "txt": "IHISI_UNKNOWN", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[61]"}, {"position_id": 4177, "txt": "GetUnknownBuffer", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[63]"}, {"position_id": 4179, "txt": ";", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[64]"}, {"position_id": 4181, "txt": "IHISI_IS_UNKN_BUF_VALID", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[66]"}, {"position_id": 4183, "txt": "IsUnkBufValid", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[68]"}, {"position_id": 4185, "txt": ";", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[69]"}, {"position_id": 4187, "txt": "IHISI_CALL_COMMAND", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[71]"}, {"position_id": 4189, "txt": "CallCommand", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[73]"}, {"position_id": 4191, "txt": ";", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[74]"}, {"position_id": 4193, "txt": "}", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[76]"}, {"position_id": 4195, "txt": "typedef", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[77]"}, {"position_id": 4197, "txt": "EFI_STATUS", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[79]"}, {"position_id": 4199, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[81]"}, {"position_id": 4201, "txt": "EFIAPI", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[82]"}, {"position_id": 4203, "txt": "", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[84]"}, {"position_id": 4205, "txt": "IHISI_ADD_IHISI_CMD", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[85]"}, {"position_id": 4207, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[86]"}, {"position_id": 4209, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[88]"}, {"position_id": 4211, "txt": "UINT32", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[90]"}, {"position_id": 4213, "txt": "CmdId", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[92]"}, {"position_id": 4215, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[93]"}, {"position_id": 4217, "txt": "IHISI_FUNCTION", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[95]"}, {"position_id": 4219, "txt": "Function", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[97]"}, {"position_id": 4221, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[98]"}, {"position_id": 4223, "txt": "UINT8", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[100]"}, {"position_id": 4225, "txt": "Priority", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[102]"}, {"position_id": 4227, "txt": ");", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[103]"}, {"position_id": 4229, "txt": "typedef", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[104]"}, {"position_id": 4231, "txt": "EFI_STATUS", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[106]"}, {"position_id": 4233, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[108]"}, {"position_id": 4235, "txt": "EFIAPI", "x": 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"/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[122]"}, {"position_id": 4253, "txt": "Priority_min", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[124]"}, {"position_id": 4255, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[125]"}, {"position_id": 4257, "txt": "UINT8", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[127]"}, {"position_id": 4259, "txt": "Priority_max", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[129]"}, {"position_id": 4261, "txt": ");", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/div[14]/pre/code/span[130]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 145, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In order to keep track of what was registered, the module holds a double linked list of objects representing each command.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": 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registered commands don't even use half of it.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4387, "txt": "The shared memory used by the mechanism is rather big and most of the registered commands don't even use half of it.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[92]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 151, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Therefore, it is possible to use it to put everything needed to execute the first stage in the exploitation process.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4388, "txt": " Therefore, it is possible to use it to put everything needed to execute the first stage in the exploitation process.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[92]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 151, "global_sentence_id": 232, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Unfortunately, in UEFI, memory access protection is enforced at the page table 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"label": "content", "web_segment_id": 153, "global_sentence_id": 235, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This can easily be done via a small ropchain.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4403, "txt": "This can easily be done via a small ropchain.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[95]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 154, "global_sentence_id": 236, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " While we won't go into the tiny details of its implementation, the gist is the following:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4404, "txt": " While we won't go into the tiny details of its implementation, the gist is the following:", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[95]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 154, "global_sentence_id": 237, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img img", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1735, "txt": "<img img", 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"web_segment_id": 159, "global_sentence_id": 246, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "With this, we gained our exploitation primitive.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4418, "txt": "With this, we gained our exploitation primitive.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[97]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 160, "global_sentence_id": 247, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Victory!!", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4419, "txt": " Victory!!", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[97]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 160, "global_sentence_id": 248, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-Exploitation", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4421, "txt": "Post-Exploitation", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/h2[5]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 161, "global_sentence_id": 249, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Okay, cool story.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4423, "txt": "Okay, cool story.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[98]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 162, "global_sentence_id": 250, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " But what can we actually do with this new handler?", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4424, "txt": " But what can we actually do with this new handler?", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[98]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 162, "global_sentence_id": 251, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " For now, even though we're overlords on the machine (kind of), the handler is only capable of executing code in SMM, which is cool but a bit too restrictive to consider the target totally wrecked.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4425, "txt": " For now, even though we're 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remap.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4447, "txt": "Without paraphrasing him, the gist of his technique is to tamper with the page table entry of the first page in SMRAM to make it point to the one to remap.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[102]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 166, "global_sentence_id": 258, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This way, reading or writing data in the first page will instead affect the targeted one.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4448, "txt": " This way, reading or writing data in the first page will instead affect the targeted one.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[102]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 166, "global_sentence_id": 259, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img img", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1752, "txt": "<img img", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[103]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 167, "global_sentence_id": 260, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "And voila.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4450, "txt": "And voila.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[104]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 168, "global_sentence_id": 261, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " With a bit of engineering, we can build a useful tool to monitor everything that runs on the machine in a transparent way for the OS (well, except when poping a calc, of course).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4451, "txt": " With a bit of engineering, we can build a useful tool to monitor everything that runs on the machine in a transparent way for the OS (well, except when poping a calc, of course).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[104]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 168, "global_sentence_id": 262, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the astute reader that is wondering why the demo showcases a Windows OS instead of the regular SteamOS:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4453, "txt": "For the astute reader that is wondering why the demo showcases a Windows OS instead of the regular SteamOS:", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[105]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 169, "global_sentence_id": 263, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " it's just a question of preferences for the post-exploitation part.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4454, "txt": " it's just a question of preferences for the post-exploitation part.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[105]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 169, "global_sentence_id": 264, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Conclusion", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4456, "txt": "Conclusion", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/h2[6]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 170, "global_sentence_id": 265, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "In this blog post, we presented two bugs that impact many devices running on AMD:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4458, "txt": "In this blog post, we presented two bugs that impact many devices running on AMD:", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[106]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 171, "global_sentence_id": 266, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " one in AmdCpmDisplayFeatureSmm.efi accessible through the SWSMIs 0xED and 0xE3, and the other in a communication buffer provided to AmdPspP2CmboxV2.efi SMM driver.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4459, "txt": " one in ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[106]"}, {"position_id": 4461, "txt": "AmdCpmDisplayFeatureSmm.efi", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[106]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 4463, "txt": " accessible through the SWSMIs 0xED and 0xE3, and the other in a communication buffer provided to ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[106]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 4465, "txt": "AmdPspP2CmboxV2.efi", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[106]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 4467, "txt": " SMM driver.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[106]/code[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 171, "global_sentence_id": 267, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Both of them are the result of a lack of validation on the data used by the handlers in their respective processes.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4468, "txt": " Both of them are the result of a lack of validation on the data used by the handlers in their respective processes.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[106]/code[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 171, "global_sentence_id": 268, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These vulnerabilities can be leveraged to gain code execution in SMM either via the DXE phase or on runtime.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4470, "txt": "These vulnerabilities can be leveraged to gain code execution in SMM either via the DXE phase or on runtime.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[107]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 172, "global_sentence_id": 269, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The primitives induced by them are somewhat restrictive, but rather neat to transform, making our target, the Steam Deck, a good playground in another way than the one initially intended by its creators.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4471, "txt": " The primitives induced by them are somewhat restrictive, but rather neat to transform, making our target, the Steam Deck, a good playground in another way than the one initially intended by its creators.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[107]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 172, "global_sentence_id": 270, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Acknowledgement", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4473, "txt": "Acknowledgement", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 173, "global_sentence_id": 271, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Many thanks to the R&D team for approving this silly research without questioning my dubious motivations (and especially to Ivan for handling the disclosure process).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4475, "txt": "Many thanks to the R&D team for approving this silly research without questioning my dubious motivations (and especially to Ivan for handling the disclosure process).", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[108]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 174, "global_sentence_id": 272, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Also, kudos to Pauline for being a cool and understanding manager.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4476, "txt": " Also, kudos to Pauline for being a cool and understanding manager.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[108]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 174, "global_sentence_id": 273, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " ;)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4477, "txt": " ;)", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[108]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 174, "global_sentence_id": 274, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Thumbs-up to Thierry for challenging my reasoning and to all the proofreaders that work hard to enhance the quality of this blog.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4479, "txt": "Thumbs-up to Thierry for challenging my reasoning and to all the proofreaders that work hard to enhance the quality of this blog.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[109]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 175, "global_sentence_id": 275, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "And last but not least, many many thanks to Mengsi and Eloïse for the cute phone holder that also fits surprisingly very well the Steam Deck.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4481, "txt": "And last but not least, many many thanks to Mengsi and Eloïse for the cute phone holder that also fits surprisingly very well the Steam Deck.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/div/p[110]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", 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to learn more about our security audits and explore how we can help you, ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/p"}, {"position_id": 4575, "txt": "get in touch with us", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/p/a"}, {"position_id": 4577, "txt": "!", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div/div[1]/section/article/p/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 194, "global_sentence_id": 335, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# Being Overlord on the Steam Deck with 1 Byte ## Introduction ### Serious Story ### Context ## Setup ## Technical details ### The Vulnerabilities #### Bug #1 - AmdPspP2CmboxV2.efi (CVE-2024-21925) #### Bug #2: AmdCpmDisplayFeatureSmm.efi (CVE-2024-0179) ### Side Note - Reaching the bug ## Exploitation ### AND Mask to Arbitrary Read Primitive #### What can be controlled? #### What Could Be Tampered? ### 1-Fixed Byte Write to Arbitrary Write Primitive ### Arbitrary Read-Write Primitive to Code Execution ## Post-Exploitation ## Conclusion
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[{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.711, 0.282, 0.772, 0.298]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(2019), is explored to create a surrogate for predicting fow over curved backward-facing steps (BFS) with different parameterised curves.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.772, 0.282, 0.824, 0.298], [0.176, 0.296, 0.824, 0.311], [0.176, 0.31, 0.378, 0.325]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Embedding fundamental principles, like the continuity equation, directly into the structure of neural networks can enhance the effcacy of cutting-edge neural operator models by narrowing down the potential solution space for our models Richter-Powell et al.", "language": "english", 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"language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.28, 0.491, 0.824, 0.506], [0.176, 0.505, 0.824, 0.52], [0.176, 0.519, 0.351, 0.534]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(2012), making it suitable for learning the operator mapping between the shape of the curve and the resulting fow.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.351, 0.519, 0.824, 0.534], [0.176, 0.533, 0.444, 0.548]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Furthermore, curved surfaces are common in engineering applications, for example in aerodynamic bodies, blades, curved ducts and pipes, cylinders, and diffusers Bentaleb et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": 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and the fow feld evaluated on the output grid.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.625, 0.824, 0.64], [0.176, 0.638, 0.718, 0.654]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The DeepONet was chosen as it works well for learning functions between parameterised inputs and their corresponding outputs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.718, 0.638, 0.824, 0.654], [0.176, 0.652, 0.824, 0.667], [0.176, 0.666, 0.293, 0.681]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "An illustration of the geometry of choice can be found in Appendix A.1(Figure 2).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.293, 0.666, 0.824, 0.681], [0.176, 0.68, 0.194, 0.695]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The walls illustrated as solid lines were fxed while the curvature of the slope (dotted blue line) was varied.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.194, 0.68, 0.824, 0.695], [0.176, 0.694, 0.25, 0.709]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The slope was parameterised using non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) which are used as mathematical representations of curves and surfaces.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.715, 0.824, 0.73], [0.176, 0.729, 0.494, 0.744]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Using this method, curves can be parameterised using control points, weights, knot vector and degree of polynomial.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.729, 0.824, 0.744], [0.176, 0.743, 0.632, 0.758]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Background information on NURBS can be found in Piegl & Tiller (1996).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.632, 0.743, 0.824, 0.758], [0.176, 0.757, 0.494, 0.772]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the current study, the backward-facing curve is defned by a third degree (cubic) NURBS function with four control points, equal weights and a constant knot vector.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.757, 0.824, 0.772], [0.176, 0.77, 0.824, 0.786], [0.176, 0.784, 0.326, 0.799]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The two control points at each end of the slope, marked as orange dots in Figure 1, are fxed.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.784, 0.824, 0.799], [0.176, 0.798, 0.301, 0.813]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The other two control points, marked as green dots in Figure 1, are fxed along their respective y-axes and their x-coordinates are varied evenly between -0.25 and 1.25 to generate 50 different slope shapes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.301, 0.798, 0.824, 0.813], [0.176, 0.812, 0.824, 0.827], [0.176, 0.826, 0.345, 0.841]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The x-coordinate of each control point is fed as one of the inputs to the network.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.345, 0.826, 0.824, 0.841], [0.176, 0.84, 0.234, 0.855]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As the y-coordinate is unchanged, there is no need to have this as an input.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.234, 0.84, 0.725, 0.855]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.1DATA GENERATION", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2000000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.87, 0.348, 0.885]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "FreeFEM++ Hecht et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.896, 0.343, 0.911]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(2004) was used to generate training data for fow over the curved BFS.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.343, 0.896, 0.824, 0.911]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "FreeFEM++ uses the fnite element method to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.91, 0.824, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.95, 0.507, 0.959]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.034, 0.693, 0.047]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.403, 0.122, 0.583, 0.184]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 1: Control points for parameterisation of the BFS slope.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.293, 0.213, 0.707, 0.23]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(Eq 1, 2) over the domain, by discretizing it into fnite elements. For solution control, the incompressible fow solver combined a number of numerical techniques, such as an implicit scheme for time-stepping, fnite element spatial discretization, and iterative solvers for managing the resulting linear systems. To ensure accurate representation of physical phenomena, stabilization techniques such as the SUPG (Streamline Upwind/Petrov-Galerkin) method Brooks & Hughes (1982), which is particularly benefcial for handling convection-dominated fows, was employed. The simulations were run for 2D unstructured meshes, each comprising approximately 50000 elements, across 50 distinct geometries. Uniform boundary conditions were applied to all simulations. The fow was modeled as incompressible, with a fxed Reynolds number of 1000.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.253, 0.829, 0.38]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.2NETWORK ARCHITECTURE", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.394, 0.401, 0.408]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The baseline DeepONet, as proposed by Lu et al.Lu et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.42, 0.573, 0.435]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(2019) consists of two sub-networks: a branch network and a trunk network as illustrated in Figure 3 in Appendix A.1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.573, 0.42, 0.824, 0.435], [0.176, 0.433, 0.711, 0.449]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The input to the branch network consists of the x-coordinates of the control point pair for each geometry confguration.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.711, 0.433, 0.824, 0.449], [0.176, 0.447, 0.824, 0.462], [0.176, 0.461, 0.206, 0.476]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Hence, the size of the input to the branch net is the number of geometries x 2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.206, 0.461, 0.728, 0.476]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The trunk net takes as input the output sensors: the spatial coordinates of the output mesh.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.728, 0.461, 0.824, 0.476], [0.176, 0.475, 0.669, 0.49]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The size of the input to the trunk net is therefore the number of sensors x dimensions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.669, 0.475, 0.824, 0.49], [0.176, 0.489, 0.583, 0.504]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Three separate DeepONet networks with the same architecture were trained to predict the horizontal velocity (U), vertical velocity (V) and pressure(P) felds.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.583, 0.489, 0.824, 0.504], [0.176, 0.503, 0.824, 0.518], [0.176, 0.516, 0.323, 0.532]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the PC-DeepONet, this architecture was extended by incorporating the approach proposed by Richter et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.323, 0.516, 0.824, 0.532], [0.176, 0.53, 0.404, 0.545]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Richter-Powell et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.404, 0.53, 0.539, 0.545]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(2022) to make the velocity feld divergence free .", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.539, 0.53, 0.824, 0.545], [0.176, 0.544, 0.21, 0.559]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The output of an individual DeepONet can be expressed as follows:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.566, 0.617, 0.581]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "GCα(x,y) = 2", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.313, 0.608, 0.409, 0.631]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Nα", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.401, 0.598, 0.424, 0.615]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "三=1", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.4, 0.627, 0.424, 0.641]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "江4(69;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.398, 0.61, 0.685, 0.63]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "θα)Φ1(x,y;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.398, 0.61, 0.685, 0.63]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "θΦ)Vq∈{p,u,u}.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.398, 0.61, 0.685, 0.63]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(3)", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.611, 0.824, 0.626]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Where ϕ a collection of basis functions that map functions from spatial coordinates to output func-tions, and α are a collection of coeffcients that learn mappings from the parametrized slope controlpoints to the output functions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.648, 0.824, 0.663], [0.176, 0.662, 0.824, 0.677], [0.176, 0.676, 0.372, 0.691]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Considering the two individual DeepONet output b(x, y) as a vector feld with components bu(x, y) and bv(x, y) corresponding to the velocities u and v, we have:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.372, 0.676, 0.824, 0.691], [0.176, 0.69, 0.786, 0.705]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "b ( x , y ) = \\left[ \\begin{matrix} { b _ { u } ( x , y ) } \\\\ { b _ { v } ( x , y ) } \\\\ \\end{matrix} \\right] = \\left[ \\begin{matrix} { G ^ { \\xi _ { u } } ( x , y ) } \\\\ { G ^ { \\xi _ { u } } ( x , y ) } \\\\ \\end{matrix} \\right] = \\left[ \\begin{matrix} { \\sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { N _ { \\alpha } } \\alpha _ { i } ^ { u } ( \\xi _ { g } ; \\theta _ { \\alpha } ) \\phi _ { i } ^ { u } ( x , y ; \\theta _ { \\phi } ) } \\\\ { \\sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { N _ { \\alpha } } \\alpha _ { i } ^ { v } ( \\xi _ { g } ; \\theta _ { \\alpha } ) \\phi _ { i } ^ { v } ( x , y ; \\theta _ { \\phi } ) } \\\\ \\end{matrix} \\right] .", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.25, 0.718, 0.747, 0.757]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(4)", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.732, 0.824, 0.747]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "With this vector feld, a skew-symmetric matrix A is constructed from the Jacobian of b and its transpose:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.766, 0.824, 0.781], [0.176, 0.78, 0.242, 0.795]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A = J _ { b } - J _ { b } ^ { \\top } = \\left[ \\begin{matrix} { 0 } & { \\frac { \\partial b _ { u } } { \\partial y } - \\frac { \\partial b _ { v } } { \\partial x } } \\\\ { \\frac { \\partial b _ { v } } { \\partial x } - \\frac { \\partial b _ { u } } { \\partial y } } & { 0 } \\\\ \\end{matrix} \\right] ,", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.345, 0.809, 0.648, 0.853]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(5)", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.824, 0.824, 0.84]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "where Jb is the Jacobian matrix of b with regards to the trunk input.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.861, 0.644, 0.876]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The fnal divergence-free velocity feld v is represented by this divergence:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.644, 0.861, 0.824, 0.876], [0.176, 0.875, 0.495, 0.89]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "v = div(A).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.457, 0.912, 0.54, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.913, 0.826, 0.924]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.949, 0.507, 0.961]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.033, 0.694, 0.047]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "By construction, the divergence of A is zero due to the properties of the skew-symmetric matrix, ensuring that the predicted velocity feld is divergence-free, which aligns with the continuity condition.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.104, 0.824, 0.119], [0.176, 0.118, 0.824, 0.133], [0.176, 0.132, 0.206, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.3TRAINING AND TESTING", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.168, 0.385, 0.182]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our model’s implementation and optimization were conducted using the PyTorch framework.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.195, 0.779, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Train-ing was executed on a dataset comprising 50 distinct geometries.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.779, 0.195, 0.824, 0.21], [0.176, 0.209, 0.598, 0.224]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For each geometry, we performed a mesh mapping to a target geometry to obtain a unique mesh using bi-cubic interpolation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.598, 0.209, 0.824, 0.224], [0.176, 0.223, 0.782, 0.238]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1000 output sensors were then randomly positioned across the mesh in points away from the slope to train the model.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.782, 0.223, 0.824, 0.238], [0.176, 0.237, 0.824, 0.252], [0.176, 0.25, 0.246, 0.266]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since the mapping is done from function to function rather than from vector to vector, the model does not have to be trained on all the points in the domain and can learn the representation more effciently with fewer sampled points.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.246, 0.25, 0.824, 0.266], [0.176, 0.264, 0.824, 0.279], [0.176, 0.278, 0.458, 0.293]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The DeepONet was then able to extrapolate for individual geometries, even in unseen domains.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.458, 0.278, 0.824, 0.293], [0.176, 0.292, 0.441, 0.307]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We illustrate this resolution-free capability of DeepONets by infering on a mesh with 50000 points, as shown in Figures 4 and 5in Appendix A.1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.441, 0.292, 0.824, 0.307], [0.176, 0.306, 0.751, 0.321]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The optimization of the network parameters was performed using the Limited-memory BroydenFletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) algorithm. This particular optimizer was chosen to address vanishing gradient issues that arise when training DeepONets with hyperbolic tangents (tanh). Only 50 iterations were needed to achieve convergence for both architectures. The hyperparameters used for both DeepONet models are displayed in Table 1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.327, 0.827, 0.398]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.322, 0.41, 0.675, 0.504]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 1: Hyperparameters of the Optimized DeepONet", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.32, 0.511, 0.681, 0.527]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "To evaluate the model’s performance, we used the Mean Squared Error (MSE) loss function andassessed the relative L2 error between the predicted and actual sensor data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.175, 0.544, 0.826, 0.574]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.595, 0.433, 0.613]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "We report the performance of the vanilla DeepONet and the PC-DeepONet models in Table 2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.63, 0.792, 0.645]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The PC-DeepONet, shows superior performance in both training and validation phases.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.792, 0.63, 0.824, 0.645], [0.176, 0.644, 0.716, 0.659]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Both models were tested on unseen domains and geometries.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.665, 0.577, 0.68]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The outputs from the trained models on a case from the validation set are displayed in Figure 4 and 5 in Appendix A.1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.577, 0.665, 0.824, 0.68], [0.176, 0.679, 0.718, 0.694]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 2: Performance comparison of DeepONet and PC-DeepONet.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.278, 0.722, 0.723, 0.735]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.225, 0.735, 0.769, 0.783]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Both architectures achieved convergence within a limited number of iterations. The PC-DeepONet, with its enforced continuity condition, demonstrates superior accuracy with sparse data. We note that these results were obtained under conditions of smooth, laminar fow. We anticipate that for turbulent fows, the advantage of the PC-DeepONet will become more pronounced. Despite the resolution free-nature of neural operators, analysis of the Figures 4 and 5 reveals that errors cluster near boundary layers, likely due to under-sampling in the regions close to the slope, where points cannot be sampled in a common mesh. Future investigations will explore masking approaches to incorporate this information in the training and incorporating hard boundary conditions in the architecture.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.8, 0.827, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.496, 0.95, 0.506, 0.959]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.033, 0.693, 0.047]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "4CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.102, 0.494, 0.119]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "In this study, we introduce PC-DeepONets, an architecture that incorporates knowledge of the physics of fuid fow into the DeepONet to improve on data-driven learning.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.134, 0.824, 0.149], [0.176, 0.148, 0.697, 0.163]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By enforcing the divergence constraint imposed by the continuity equation in the DeepONet framework, we observe signifcant improvements in accuracy for surrogate modeling with sparse data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.697, 0.148, 0.824, 0.163], [0.176, 0.162, 0.824, 0.177], [0.176, 0.176, 0.678, 0.191]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Using PC-DeepONet, we successfully learned operational mappings between parameterized geometric confgurations and fow feld variables (U, V, and P).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.678, 0.176, 0.824, 0.191], [0.176, 0.19, 0.824, 0.205], [0.176, 0.203, 0.394, 0.219]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moving forward, integrating additional impositions by constraining boundaries and integrating additional information from the physics could potentially improve the performance of PC-DeepONets in capturing complex fow phenomena like turbulence for higher Reynolds numbers.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.225, 0.824, 0.24], [0.176, 0.239, 0.824, 0.254], [0.176, 0.252, 0.727, 0.268]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, we aim to explore effcient methods for implementing derivatives such as the method proposed in Jnini & Vella (2024).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.727, 0.252, 0.824, 0.268], [0.176, 0.266, 0.824, 0.281], [0.176, 0.28, 0.278, 0.295]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.314, 0.368, 0.332]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "We would like to thank the organisers of the 2023 Physics-Informed Neural Networks and Applications PhD Summer School at KTH for making this collaboration possible.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.347, 0.824, 0.362], [0.176, 0.36, 0.718, 0.376]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "We would also like to thank Dr Khemraj Shukla (Assistant Professor of Applied Mathematics (Research), Brown University) for his advice and support during this project.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.718, 0.36, 0.824, 0.376], [0.176, 0.374, 0.824, 0.389], [0.176, 0.388, 0.551, 0.403]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "AJ would like to acknowledge Leonardo S.p.A. (Italy).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.423, 0.535, 0.439]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 175, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "HG would like to acknowledge the ART-AI CDT (Bath, UK), funded by the UKRI.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.535, 0.423, 0.824, 0.439], [0.176, 0.437, 0.432, 0.452]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 176, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "SD would like to acknowledge NSERC (Canada).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.432, 0.437, 0.76, 0.452]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 177, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "REFERENCES", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.471, 0.286, 0.489]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 178, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Bassem F Armaly, F Durst, JCF Pereira, and B Scho¨nung.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.496, 0.547, 0.511]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Experimental and theoretical investigationof backward-facing step fow.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.547, 0.496, 0.824, 0.511], [0.193, 0.51, 0.385, 0.525]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Journal of fuid Mechanics, 127:473–496, 1983.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.385, 0.51, 0.704, 0.525]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 181, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Amirhossein Arzani, Jian-Xun Wang, and Roshan M. D’Souza.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.534, 0.597, 0.549]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 182, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Uncovering near-wall blood fowfrom sparse data with physics-informed neural networks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.597, 0.534, 0.824, 0.549], [0.193, 0.548, 0.572, 0.563]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 183, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Physics of Fluids, 33(7):071905, Jul 2021.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.572, 0.548, 0.824, 0.563], [0.193, 0.562, 0.229, 0.577]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 7, 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2.2NETWORK ARCHITECTURE ### 2.3TRAINING AND TESTING ## 3RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ## 4CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
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"Abstract", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2551, "txt": "Abstract", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/section/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "The recent advancements in magnetoelectric (ME) materials have enabled the development of functional magnetoelectric composites for sensor applications in the medical and engineering sectors, as well as in energy harvesting and material exploration.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2553, "txt": "The recent advancements in magnetoelectric (ME) materials have enabled the development of functional magnetoelectric composites for sensor applications in the medical and engineering sectors, as well as in energy harvesting and material exploration.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/section/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Magnetoelectric composites rely on the interaction between piezoelectric and magnetoelastic materials by coupling the magnetization-induced strain to the strain-generated potential of the piezoelectric phase.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2554, "txt": " Magnetoelectric composites rely on the interaction between piezoelectric and magnetoelastic materials by coupling the magnetization-induced strain to the strain-generated potential of the piezoelectric phase.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/section/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This creates an increased interest around the development of novel piezoelectric materials that not only possess favorable piezoelectric properties but also fulfill specific material criteria such as biocompatibility, bioactivity, ease of fabrication and low cost.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2555, "txt": " This creates an increased interest around the development of novel piezoelectric materials that not only possess favorable piezoelectric properties but also fulfill specific material criteria such as biocompatibility, bioactivity, ease of fabrication and low cost.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/section/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " ZnO, and its nanostructures, is one such material that has been employed in the magnetoelectric research due to its remarkable piezoelectric, semiconducting and optical properties.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2556, "txt": " ZnO, and its nanostructures, is one such material that has been employed in the magnetoelectric research due to its remarkable piezoelectric, semiconducting and optical properties.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/section/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Thus, this article provides a comprehensive review of the available literature on magnetoelectric composites based on ZnO micro- and nanostructures, aiming to present a concise reference on the methods, applications and future prospects of ZnO-based ME composites.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2557, "txt": " Thus, this article provides a comprehensive review of the available literature on magnetoelectric composites based on ZnO micro- and nanostructures, aiming to present a concise reference on the methods, applications and future prospects of ZnO-based ME composites.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/section/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Specifically, a brief introduction is provided, presenting the current research interests around magnetoelectric composites, followed by a concise mention of the magnetoelectric effect and its key aspects.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2558, "txt": " Specifically, a brief introduction is provided, presenting the current research interests around magnetoelectric composites, followed by a concise mention of the magnetoelectric effect and its key aspects.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/section/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This is followed by separate sections describing the relevant research on ZnO magnetoelectric composites based on ZnO thin-films, either pure or doped, and nano- and microrods composites, as well as nano composites comprised of ZnO nanoparticles mixed with ferromagnetic nanoparticles.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2559, "txt": " This is followed by separate sections describing the relevant research on ZnO magnetoelectric composites based on ZnO thin-films, either pure or doped, and nano- and microrods composites, as well as nano composites comprised of ZnO nanoparticles mixed with ferromagnetic nanoparticles.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/section/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Finally, the future prospects and the extension of ME ZnO research into nanowire and nanorod composites are discussed.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2560, "txt": " Finally, the future prospects and the extension of ME ZnO research into nanowire and nanorod composites are discussed.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/section/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Keywords:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2562, "txt": "Keywords:", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/div/div[1]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "magnetoelectric composites; ZnO magnetoelectric composites; ZnO/magnetostrictive thin films; ZnO magnetoelectric nanostructures", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2564, "txt": "magnetoelectric composites", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/div/div[1]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 2566, "txt": "; ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/div/div[1]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 2568, "txt": "ZnO magnetoelectric composites", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/div/div[1]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 2570, "txt": "; ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/div/div[1]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 2572, "txt": "ZnO/magnetostrictive thin films", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/div/div[1]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 2574, "txt": "; ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/div/div[1]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 2576, "txt": "ZnO magnetoelectric nanostructures", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[11]/section/div/div/div/div[1]/a[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1. Introduction", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2578, "txt": "1. Introduction", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Magnetoelectricity, the coupling between electric polarization and magnetization, has been gaining increased scientific interest over the last few years since its first discovery in single-phase antiferromagnetic Cr2O3 at a low temperature [1].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2580, "txt": "Magnetoelectricity, the coupling between electric polarization and magnetization, has been gaining increased scientific interest over the last few years since its first discovery in single-phase antiferromagnetic Cr", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[1]"}, {"position_id": 2582, "txt": "2", "x": 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"content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Due to the coupling between ferromagnetic and piezoelectric domains, magnetostrictive materials and magnetoelectric composites were also employed in energy harvesting applications by exploiting both the direct and inverse magnetoelectric effect.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2663, "txt": " Due to the coupling between ferromagnetic and piezoelectric domains, magnetostrictive materials and magnetoelectric composites were also employed in energy harvesting applications by exploiting both the direct and inverse magnetoelectric effect.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Capturing the ambient energy available in the environment presents a viable method for powering the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in a decentralized and grid-independent way.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2664, "txt": " Capturing the ambient energy available in the environment presents a viable method for powering the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in a decentralized and grid-independent way.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Advancements in piezoelectric, magnetostrictive and magnetoelectric materials for energy harvesting emphasize the increased research interest in this area, which is highlighted in a recent review article [17], presenting the material, fabrication characterization and modelling achievements in the field.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2665, "txt": " 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[], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Currently, piezoelectric materials, including lead zirconate titanate (PZT), AlN, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), AlScN, LiNbO3, etc., combined with FeGa, FeCoBSi, FeCo, Metglas (commercial alloys containing Fe, Co, Ni, B, Si) and Terfenol D (TbxDy1-xFe2) magnetostrictive materials, amongst others, have found widespread application in magnetoelectric composites and were studied extensively.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2671, "txt": " Currently, piezoelectric materials, including lead zirconate titanate (PZT), AlN, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), AlScN, LiNbO", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 2673, "txt": "3", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/sub[1]"}, {"position_id": 2675, "txt": ", etc., combined with FeGa, FeCoBSi, FeCo, Metglas (commercial alloys containing Fe, Co, Ni, B, Si) and Terfenol D (Tb", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/sub[1]"}, {"position_id": 2677, "txt": "x", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/sub[2]"}, {"position_id": 2679, "txt": "Dy", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/sub[2]"}, {"position_id": 2681, "txt": "1-x", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/sub[3]"}, {"position_id": 2683, "txt": "Fe", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/sub[3]"}, {"position_id": 2685, "txt": "2", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/sub[4]"}, {"position_id": 2687, "txt": ") magnetostrictive materials, amongst others, have found widespread application in magnetoelectric composites and were studied extensively.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[2]/sub[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "ZnO was also utilized as a piezoelectric phase in magnetoelectric composites not only due to its piezoelectric properties but also due to its inherent ferroelectric properties [18] and the plethora of micro- and nanostructures that it can be built into.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2689, "txt": "ZnO was also utilized as a piezoelectric phase in magnetoelectric composites not only due to its piezoelectric properties but also due to its inherent ferroelectric properties [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]"}, {"position_id": 2691, "txt": "18", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 2693, "txt": "] and the plethora of micro- and nanostructures that it can be built into.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Additionally, ZnO is a bio-compatible [19] and cost-effective material that can become a promising candidate for magnetoelectric devices for biomedical applications.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2694, "txt": " Additionally, ZnO is a bio-compatible [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 2696, "txt": "19", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 2698, "txt": "] and cost-effective material that can become a promising candidate for magnetoelectric devices for biomedical applications.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Thus, this article presents a comprehensive review on magnetoelectric composites based on ZnO micro- and nanostructures, starting with a brief introduction of the magnetoelectric effect and its major concepts.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2699, "txt": " Thus, this article presents a comprehensive review on magnetoelectric composites based on ZnO micro- and nanostructures, starting with a brief introduction of the magnetoelectric effect and its major concepts.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The next sections elaborate upon the different categories of magnetoelectric composites based on ZnO, including thin-film structures, either pure or doped with metallic or ferromagnetic elements, or nano- and microrods based on magnetostrictive materials and nano composites comprised of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) doped or mixed with ferromagnetic nanoparticles.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2700, "txt": " The next sections elaborate upon the different categories of magnetoelectric composites based on ZnO, including thin-film structures, either pure or doped with metallic or ferromagnetic elements, or nano- and microrods based on magnetostrictive materials and nano composites comprised of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) doped or mixed with ferromagnetic nanoparticles.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " A discussion section provides information regarding the current ME composites, including the future development prospects and potential applications of ZnO-based magnetoelectric composites, followed by conclusions.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2701, "txt": " A discussion section provides information regarding the current ME composites, including the future development prospects and potential applications of ZnO-based magnetoelectric composites, followed by conclusions.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[1]/div[3]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2. Magnetoelectric (ME) Effect", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2703, "txt": "2. Magnetoelectric (ME) Effect", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "The magnetoelectric effect (ME) originates from the coupling between electrical and magnetic phenomena in bulk, composite or multiphase materials.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2705, "txt": "The magnetoelectric effect (ME) originates from the coupling between electrical and magnetic phenomena in bulk, composite or multiphase materials.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In particular, the direct magnetoelectric effect (DME) is defined as the emergence of an electric polarization P under the application of an external magnetic field H, whereas the converse ME effect (CME) is described as the emergence of or change in magnetization M when an external electric field E is applied [20].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2706, "txt": " In particular, the direct magnetoelectric effect (DME) is defined as the emergence of an electric polarization P under the application of an external magnetic field H, whereas the converse ME effect (CME) is described as the emergence of or change in magnetization M when an external electric field E is applied [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]"}, {"position_id": 2708, "txt": "20", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 2710, "txt": "].", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " ME composites rely on the interaction between a ferromagnetic (FM) phase exhibiting strain when subjected to a magnetic field due to magnetostriction and a piezoelectric (PE) phase that exhibits electric polarization via the application of mechanical stress/strain.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2711, "txt": " ME composites rely on the interaction between a ferromagnetic (FM) phase exhibiting strain when subjected to a magnetic field due to magnetostriction and a piezoelectric (PE) phase that exhibits electric polarization via the application of mechanical stress/strain.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": 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"/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div/span/span/math/semantics/mrow/mrow[3]/mrow[2]/mo[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(1)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2784, "txt": "(1)", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]/label"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " where σ, S and c are the stress, strain and stiffness tensors, respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2786, "txt": " where σ, S and c are the stress, strain and stiffness tensors, respectively.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " D, E, ε and e denote the electric displacement field, electric field, electrical permittivity and piezoelectric coefficient tensors in the stress–charge form respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2787, "txt": " D, E, ε and e denote the electric displacement field, electric field, electrical permittivity and piezoelectric coefficient tensors in the stress–charge form respectively.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " B, H, μ and q are the magnetic induction, magnetic field intensity, permeability and piezomagnetic coefficient, respectively, and α is the magnitude of the linear ME effect.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2788, "txt": " B, H, μ and q are the magnetic induction, magnetic field intensity, permeability and piezomagnetic coefficient, respectively, and α is the magnitude of the linear ME effect.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Superscript T corresponds to the transpose of the tensor.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2789, "txt": " Superscript T corresponds to the transpose of the tensor.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The coefficients for the direct (α", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2790, "txt": " The coefficients for the direct (α", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "E) and converse (αH or αB) ME effects are conventionally used in the literature since they adequately describe the magnitude of the respective effects according to the “product property”, defined by the combination of PE and FM phases, and are used as a figure of merit describing the strength of the ME coupling [21].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2792, "txt": "E", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sub[1]"}, {"position_id": 2794, "txt": ") and converse (α", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sub[1]"}, {"position_id": 2796, "txt": "H", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sub[2]"}, {"position_id": 2798, "txt": " or α", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sub[2]"}, {"position_id": 2800, "txt": "B", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sub[3]"}, {"position_id": 2802, "txt": ") ME effects are conventionally used in the literature since they adequately describe the magnitude of the respective effects according to the “product property”, defined by the combination of PE and FM phases, and are used as a figure of merit describing the strength of the ME coupling [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sub[3]"}, {"position_id": 2804, "txt": "21", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 2806, "txt": "].", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Based on the “product property” definition, the direct ME coefficient is given by:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2807, "txt": " Based on the “product property” definition, the direct ME coefficient is given by:", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "αE=δEδH≈δEδSδSδH,αE=VtδH,αE=kcqe,", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2809, "txt": "α", "x": 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δE and δS are the amplitudes of the ac electric field and strain in a varying magnetic field δH.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2882, "txt": " The evaluation of the ME coefficient is usually performed in dynamic conditions by the application of alternating magnetic fields, thus, δE and δS are the amplitudes of the ac electric field and strain in a varying magnetic field δH.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sub[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In addition, the ME coefficient includes the geometrical effects stemming from the configuration of the composite, the dependence of the magnetostriction λ of the ferromagnetic phase on H and the piezoelectric properties of the PE phase [16].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2883, "txt": " In addition, the ME coefficient includes the geometrical effects stemming from the configuration of the composite, the dependence of the magnetostriction λ of the ferromagnetic phase on H and the piezoelectric properties of the PE phase [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sub[4]"}, {"position_id": 2885, "txt": "16", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 2887, "txt": "].", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "An important factor that greatly influences the ME response of a composite is its connectivity, which essentially specifies the way the FM and PE phases are interacting with each other, presented schematically in Figure 1. The connectivity is defined by two numbers, with the first one representing the FM phase and the second one the PE phase, indicating the number of coordinates along which strain transfer (i.e., deformation) occurs, from the magnetostrictive to the piezoelectric phase [22].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2889, "txt": "An important factor that greatly influences the ME response of a composite is its connectivity, which essentially specifies the way the FM and PE phases are interacting with each other, presented schematically in ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[2]"}, {"position_id": 2891, "txt": "Figure 1", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[2]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 2893, "txt": ". The connectivity is defined by two numbers, with the first one representing the FM phase and the second one the PE phase, indicating the number of coordinates along which strain transfer (i.e., deformation) occurs, from the magnetostrictive to the piezoelectric phase [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[2]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 2895, "txt": "22", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[2]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 2897, "txt": "].", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[2]/div[2]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " ME composites with 0-0 connectivity (Figure 1a) refer to a composite consisting of FM and PE particles embedded on a neutral matrix, while 0-3 composites (Figure 1b) consist of 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"txt": "Figure 2", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[8]"}, {"position_id": 3078, "txt": "a, forming an ME cantilever with 2-2 connectivity (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[8]"}, {"position_id": 3080, "txt": "Figure 1", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[9]"}, {"position_id": 3082, "txt": "d), depicted in ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[9]"}, {"position_id": 3084, "txt": "Figure 2", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[10]"}, {"position_id": 3086, "txt": "b.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[10]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " A highly c-axis-oriented ZnO film with a thickness of 2 μm was grown, presenting a columnar structure.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3087, "txt": " A highly c-axis-oriented ZnO film with a thickness of 2 μm was grown, presenting a columnar structure.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[1]/a[10]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Magnetoelectric characterization was performed using the DC and AC magnetic fields, and parameters such as the magnetostriction (λ), piezomagnetic coefficient d33,m and magnetoelectric coefficient 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", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3159, "txt": " Copyright [2011], John Wiley and Sons. ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[2]/div[2]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Despite the widespread adoption of cantilever structures, ZnO-based ME research has also focused on SAW [48,49] in addition to bulk (BAW) and film (FBAR) bulk acoustic wave resonator devices [50], integrated with magnetostrictive materials.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3161, "txt": "Despite the widespread adoption of cantilever structures, ZnO-based ME research has also focused on SAW [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[3]"}, {"position_id": 3163, "txt": "48", "x": 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materials.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[3]/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Alekseev et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3174, "txt": " Alekseev et al.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[3]/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " [51] presented a layered magnetoelectric heterostructure consisting of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) as the magnetostrictive phase grown on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrates.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3175, "txt": " [", "x": 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", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3230, "txt": " Copyright [2016], AIP Publishing. ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[4]/div[2]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The combination of the wave resonators with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in the field of magnetoelectrics offer the potential for sensor miniaturization and the integration of tunable and reconfigurable filter elements into microwave transceivers for mobile radios and RF SoCs (system-on-chip).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3232, "txt": "The combination of the wave resonators with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in the field of magnetoelectrics offer the potential for sensor miniaturization and the integration of tunable and reconfigurable filter elements into microwave transceivers for mobile radios and RF SoCs (system-on-chip).", "x": 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"content", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " These characterization methods allow for the measurement of strain on the atomic scale by directly evaluating the lattice deformation of the ZnO crystal under an applied magnetic field bias.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3305, "txt": " These characterization methods allow for the measurement of strain on the atomic scale by directly evaluating the lattice deformation of the ZnO crystal under an applied magnetic field bias.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[6]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " An analysis of the interface between ZnO and FeTb revealed the presence of substantial residual strain, which was attributed to the process of sample preparation and to the mismatch 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"/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[6]/a[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The magnetostriction measurements using the cantilever method (Figure 4c) were in good agreement with the magnetic-field-induced strain calculated by the shift of the ZnO (110) Bragg peak.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3329, "txt": " The magnetostriction measurements using the cantilever method (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[6]/a[6]"}, {"position_id": 3331, "txt": "Figure 4", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[6]/a[7]"}, {"position_id": 3333, "txt": "c) were in good agreement with the magnetic-field-induced strain calculated by the shift of the ZnO (110) Bragg peak.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[6]/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " GIXRD enables a more direct approach in residual and magnetic-induced strain in ME interfaces by providing the local average strain distribution (corresponding to the beam impinging area) and allowing strain mapping on the microscale.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3334, "txt": " GIXRD enables a more direct approach in residual and magnetic-induced strain in ME interfaces by providing the local average strain distribution (corresponding to the beam impinging area) and allowing strain mapping on the microscale.", "x": 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", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3410, "txt": " Copyright [2013], AIP Publishing. ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[1]/div[7]/div[2]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "3.1.2.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3412, "txt": "3.1.2.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Doped ZnO Thin Films", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3413, "txt": " Doped ZnO Thin Films", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "ZnO is an intrinsic n-type semiconductor with a substantial research effort focused on doping with appropriate impurities, such as lithium, copper and nitrogen as acceptors and aluminum, hydrogen and gallium as donors [62].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3415, "txt": "ZnO is an intrinsic n-type semiconductor with a substantial research effort focused on doping with appropriate impurities, such as lithium, copper and nitrogen as acceptors and aluminum, hydrogen and gallium as donors [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]"}, {"position_id": 3417, "txt": "62", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 3419, "txt": "].", "x": 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Magnetoelectric, W-doped, ZnO thin films were developed by physical vapor deposition (sputtering) using a ZnO target containing 1–2% tungsten in an Ar/O2 gas mixture (70/30%) at 420 °C [67].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3439, "txt": " Magnetoelectric, W-doped, ZnO thin films were developed by physical vapor deposition (sputtering) using a ZnO target containing 1–2% tungsten in an Ar/O", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 3441, "txt": "2", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sub"}, {"position_id": 3443, "txt": " gas mixture (70/30%) at 420 °C [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sub"}, 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an increased carrier concentration due to the excess electrons provided by the bond between W+6 and O−2; however, an increase in room-temperature sheet resistivity and a reduction in mobility were observed.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3457, "txt": " This resulted in an increased carrier concentration due to the excess electrons provided by the bond between W", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sup[2]"}, {"position_id": 3459, "txt": "+6", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sup[3]"}, {"position_id": 3461, "txt": " and O", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sup[3]"}, {"position_id": 3463, "txt": "−2", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sup[4]"}, {"position_id": 3465, "txt": "; however, an increase in room-temperature sheet resistivity and a reduction in mobility were observed.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sup[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Magnetoresistivity was observed for both doped and pure thin films at low temperatures (5 K); however, no appreciable change in the magnetic properties of the W-doped thin films was observed.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3466, "txt": " Magnetoresistivity was observed for both doped and pure thin films at low temperatures (5 K); however, no appreciable change in the magnetic properties of the W-doped thin films was observed.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sup[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Doping with W does not appear to favor the enhancement of either magnetic or magnetoelectric properties; although metals such as Li, Ni and Mg were reported as potential dopants for enhancing the ferromagnetic and/or ferroelectric properties of ZnO thin films.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3467, "txt": " Doping with W does not appear to favor the enhancement of either magnetic or magnetoelectric properties; although metals such as Li, Ni and Mg were reported as potential dopants for enhancing the ferromagnetic and/or ferroelectric properties of ZnO thin films.", "x": 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"/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/sup[4]"}, {"position_id": 3471, "txt": "68", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[7]"}, {"position_id": 3473, "txt": "] presented the effect of Li, Ni and Mg doping on the magnetoelectric coupling and multiferroic properties of ZnO thin films.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The pure and doped (5 wt.%) ZnO thin-films were synthesized by the sol-gel route using zinc acetate, lithium acetate, magnesium acetate and nickel nitrate as dopant sources.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3474, "txt": " The pure and doped (5 wt.%) ZnO thin-films were synthesized by the sol-gel route using zinc acetate, lithium acetate, magnesium acetate and nickel nitrate as dopant sources.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " A non-linear ferroelectric behavior was identified in Ni-, Li- and Mg-doped samples, shown in Figure 5a,b, in contrast to pure ZnO, and the decrease in remnant polarization was attributed to the ionic radius of the dopants creating an electric dipole moment due to the substitution of Zn+2 in the crystal lattice.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3475, "txt": " A non-linear ferroelectric behavior was identified in Ni-, Li- and Mg-doped samples, shown in ", "x": 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"/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[9]"}, {"position_id": 3488, "txt": "c) and increased magnetoelectric coupling in the Ni- and Mg-doped samples (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[9]"}, {"position_id": 3490, "txt": "Figure 5", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[10]"}, {"position_id": 3492, "txt": "d,e) in contrast to pure ZnO.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[1]/a[10]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " An enhanced ME voltage was observed in the Ni-doped samples due to the ferromagnetic nature of 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", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3519, "txt": " Copyright [2014], Elsevier. ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "As stated above, the un-doped ZnO shows weak reversible polarization.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3521, "txt": "As stated above, the un-doped ZnO shows weak reversible polarization.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " However, in a report by Maiz et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3522, "txt": " However, in a report by Maiz et al.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " [18], the ZnO nanorods depicted a clear polarization switching at a coercive field of 1400 MV/m.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3523, "txt": " [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]"}, {"position_id": 3525, "txt": "18", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 3527, "txt": "], the ZnO nanorods depicted a clear polarization switching at a coercive field of 1400 MV/m.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This was explained by the coexistence of two ZnO phases in the nanorod structure as a side-effect of the fabrication process, effectively creating a core-shell architecture.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3528, "txt": " This was explained by the coexistence of two ZnO phases in the nanorod structure as a side-effect of the fabrication process, effectively creating a core-shell architecture.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The samples that exhibited ferroelectricity presented an increased volume faction of the ZnO β-phase in contrast to samples crystallized only in the P63mc space group, thus, ferroelectricity in pure ZnO is a second-order effect rather than an intrinsic property of the material [69].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3529, "txt": " The samples that exhibited ferroelectricity presented an increased volume faction of the ZnO β-phase in contrast to samples crystallized only in the P6", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 3531, "txt": "3", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/sub"}, {"position_id": 3533, "txt": "mc space group, thus, ferroelectricity in pure ZnO is a second-order effect rather than an intrinsic property of the material [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/sub"}, {"position_id": 3535, "txt": "69", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 3537, "txt": "].", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Therefore, doping strategies in ZnO were actively researched for their effect on the ferroelectric properties [70], especially in the case of ZnO doped with Li, Mg, Ni and Co. Lithium and Cobalt doped ZnO thin films were reported by Lin et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3538, "txt": " Therefore, doping strategies in ZnO were actively researched for their effect on the ferroelectric properties [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 3540, "txt": "70", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 3542, "txt": "], especially in the case of ZnO doped with Li, Mg, Ni and Co. Lithium and Cobalt doped ZnO thin films were reported by Lin et al.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " [71] to exhibit simultaneous ferromagnetic and ferroelectric behavior, which was attributed to the Co2+ and Li+ ions occupying the off-center positions in the ZnO crystal.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3543, "txt": " [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 3545, "txt": "71", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 3547, "txt": "] to exhibit simultaneous ferromagnetic and ferroelectric behavior, which was attributed to the Co", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 3549, "txt": "2+", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/sup[1]"}, {"position_id": 3551, "txt": " and Li", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/sup[1]"}, {"position_id": 3553, "txt": "+", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/sup[2]"}, {"position_id": 3555, "txt": " ions occupying the off-center positions in the ZnO crystal.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/sup[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Both effects are defect-related, inducing permanent local electric dipoles in the case of ferroelectricity due to the different ionic radii of Li+ and Zn2+ ions.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3556, "txt": " Both effects are defect-related, inducing permanent local electric dipoles in the case of ferroelectricity due to the different ionic radii of Li", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/sup[2]"}, {"position_id": 3558, "txt": "+", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/sup[3]"}, {"position_id": 3560, "txt": " and Zn", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/sup[3]"}, {"position_id": 3562, "txt": "2+", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/sup[4]"}, {"position_id": 3564, "txt": " ions.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/sup[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The magnetoelectric properties of the composite were not discussed in the aforementioned study; however, multiferroic composite materials that combine ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties are highly effective for magnetoelectric applications [72].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3565, "txt": " The magnetoelectric properties of the composite were not discussed in the aforementioned study; however, multiferroic composite materials that combine ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties are highly effective for magnetoelectric applications [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/sup[4]"}, {"position_id": 3567, "txt": "72", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 3569, "txt": "].", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In addition, the incorporation of ferromagnetic materials into ZnO thin films was investigated by Li et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3570, "txt": " In addition, the incorporation of ferromagnetic materials into ZnO thin films was investigated by Li et al.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " [73] via Co ion implantation of pulsed-laser-deposited ZnO films.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3571, "txt": " [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 3573, "txt": "73", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[6]"}, {"position_id": 3575, "txt": "] via Co ion implantation of pulsed-laser-deposited ZnO films.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The magnetoelectric coupling was established by the interaction between the electric dipole moments and magnetic moments, notably without strain-mediated effects due to the magnetostriction of the Co nanoparticles.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3576, "txt": " The magnetoelectric coupling was established by the interaction between the electric dipole moments and magnetic moments, notably without strain-mediated effects due to the magnetostriction of the Co nanoparticles.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Although the ME coupling was established at high-intensity magnetic fields, such a multiferroic nanocomposite thin film can present an alternative to conventional ME composites and be a possible candidate in magnetoelectric applications.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3577, "txt": " Although the ME coupling was established at high-intensity magnetic fields, such a multiferroic nanocomposite thin film can present an alternative to conventional ME composites and be a possible candidate in magnetoelectric applications.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[1]/section[2]/div[3]/a[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2. ZnO Micro- and Nano-Rods", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3579, "txt": "3.2. ZnO Micro- and Nano-Rods", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In 2008, Chen et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3581, "txt": "In 2008, Chen et al.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " [74] demonstrated one of the first magnetoelectric composites utilizing ZnO nanorods for the piezoelectric phase and a Ni-Fe alloy for the magnetostrictive layer, corresponding to the connectivity scheme shown in Figure 1f.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3582, "txt": " [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]"}, {"position_id": 3584, "txt": "74", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 3586, "txt": "] demonstrated one of the first magnetoelectric composites utilizing ZnO nanorods for the piezoelectric phase and a Ni-Fe alloy for the magnetostrictive layer, corresponding to the connectivity scheme shown in ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 3588, "txt": "Figure 1", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 3590, "txt": "f.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The ZnO nanorods were fabricated via the electrochemical deposition method on ITO substrates, depicted in Figure 6a, using an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate, KCL and formamide.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3591, "txt": " The ZnO nanorods were fabricated via the electrochemical deposition method on ITO substrates, depicted in ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 3593, "txt": "Figure 6", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 3595, "txt": "a, using an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate, KCL and formamide.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " A thin-film passivation layer was realized in order to electrically isolate the ITO substrate from the magnetostrictive layer- by spin coating a sol-gel-derived ZnO layer.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3596, "txt": " A thin-film passivation layer was realized in order to electrically isolate the ITO substrate from the magnetostrictive layer- by spin coating a sol-gel-derived ZnO layer.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 175, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The magnetostrictive Ni-Fe (75–25% wt.) phase was deposited on top of the as-grown nanorods by DC magnetron sputtering at a 5 × 10−3 Torr Ar ambient with a final thickness of 100 nm, shown in Figure 6b,c.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3597, "txt": " The magnetostrictive Ni-Fe (75–25% wt.) phase was deposited on top of the as-grown nanorods by DC magnetron sputtering at a 5 × 10", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 3599, "txt": "−3", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/sup[1]"}, {"position_id": 3601, "txt": " Torr Ar ambient with a final thickness of 100 nm, shown in ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/sup[1]"}, {"position_id": 3603, "txt": "Figure 6", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 3605, "txt": "b,c.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/a[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 176, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The magnetoelectric characterization was performed by the direct ME measurement method, using an Au sputtered top electrode and the ITO substrate, via a lock-in amplifier in both longitudinal (LM) and transverse (TM) magnetization.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3606, "txt": " The magnetoelectric characterization was performed by the direct ME measurement method, using an Au sputtered top electrode and the ITO substrate, via a lock-in amplifier in both longitudinal (LM) and transverse (TM) magnetization.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/a[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 177, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The ME voltage coefficients (αH) for TM and LM (Figure 6d) were found to be 0.34 and 0.48 mV cm−1 Oe−1.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3607, "txt": " The ME voltage coefficients (α", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 3609, "txt": "H", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/sub"}, {"position_id": 3611, "txt": ") for TM and LM (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/sub"}, {"position_id": 3613, "txt": "Figure 6", "x": 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{"atoms": [{"position_id": 3639, "txt": " The interfacing of magnetostrictive materials with nano- and microrods has proven to be a significant technological challenge due to the imperfections that exist on the interfaces, becoming the dominant factor for reduced ME performance.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[1]/a[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 182, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This is contrary to large ME laminates, where mechanical effects such as shear stresses and anchor losses can significantly influence sensitivity and performance.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3640, "txt": " This is contrary to large ME laminates, where mechanical effects such as shear stresses and anchor losses can significantly influence sensitivity and performance.", "x": 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(a) SEM image of the as-grown ZnO nanorods on ITO/glass substrate; (b) cross-sectional SEM image of the ZnO nanorods, coated with Ni-Fe; (c) magnified SEM view of the coated nanorods; (d) magnetoelectric voltage coefficient under the application of an external magnetic field, measured in the transversal and longitudinal modes.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3642, "txt": "Figure 6.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/b[1]"}, {"position_id": 3644, "txt": " (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/b[1]"}, {"position_id": 3646, "txt": "a", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/b[2]"}, {"position_id": 3648, "txt": ") SEM image of the as-grown ZnO nanorods on ITO/glass substrate; (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/b[2]"}, {"position_id": 3650, "txt": "b", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/b[3]"}, {"position_id": 3652, "txt": ") cross-sectional SEM image of the ZnO nanorods, coated with Ni-Fe; (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/b[3]"}, {"position_id": 3654, "txt": "c", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/b[4]"}, {"position_id": 3656, "txt": ") magnified SEM view of the coated nanorods; (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/b[4]"}, {"position_id": 3658, "txt": "d", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/b[5]"}, {"position_id": 3660, "txt": ") magnetoelectric voltage coefficient under the application of an external magnetic field, measured in the transversal and longitudinal modes.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/b[5]"}]}, "tags": ["b"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Reproduced with permission from [74].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3661, "txt": " Reproduced with permission from [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/b[5]"}, {"position_id": 3663, "txt": "74", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/a"}, {"position_id": 3665, "txt": "].", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/a"}]}, "tags": ["b"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Copyright [2008], IOP Publishing, Ltd. ", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3666, "txt": " Copyright [2008], IOP Publishing, Ltd. ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[2]/div[2]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The ZnO microrods were used by Kaps et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3668, "txt": "The ZnO microrods were used by Kaps et al.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " [26], who developed a magnetoelectric core-shell composite based on amorphous FeCoBSi, focusing on the investigation of the interface between the two materials.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3669, "txt": " [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]"}, {"position_id": 3671, "txt": "26", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 3673, "txt": "], who developed a magnetoelectric core-shell composite based on amorphous FeCoBSi, focusing on the investigation of the interface between the two materials.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The microrods with a length of up to 1 cm were synthesized via the modified vapor–liquid–solid (MVLS) approach and by the conventional vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) method.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3674, "txt": " The microrods with a length of up to 1 cm were synthesized via the modified vapor–liquid–solid (MVLS) approach and by the conventional vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) method.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The FeCoBSi magnetostrictive thin film was RF sputtered on the VLS-grown rods, and the composite was investigated by TEM.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3675, "txt": " The FeCoBSi magnetostrictive thin film was RF sputtered on the VLS-grown rods, and the composite was investigated by TEM.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The crystallinity of the ZnO microrods was not affected by the deposited magnetostrictive layer, which was of uniform thickness and amorphous in nature.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3676, "txt": " The crystallinity of the ZnO microrods was not affected by the deposited magnetostrictive layer, which was of uniform thickness and amorphous in nature.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Investigation of the interface can provide insight about the magnetization-induced stress and strain created through the interaction of the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phase under the application of an external magnetic field [76].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3677, "txt": " Investigation of the interface can provide insight about the 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to ZnO microrod and nanorod [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 3695, "txt": "78", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 3697, "txt": "] ME composites in order to investigate the magnetic domain structure, alignment and domain wall motion [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 3699, "txt": "79", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[6]"}, {"position_id": 3701, "txt": "].", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Domain wall rotation was observed on single microrod composites, shown in Figure 7a, with the application of a magnetic field perpendicular to the rod axis.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3702, "txt": " Domain wall rotation was observed on single microrod composites, shown in ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[6]"}, {"position_id": 3704, "txt": "Figure 7", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[7]"}, {"position_id": 3706, "txt": "a, with the application of a magnetic field perpendicular to the rod axis.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Initially, the FeCoBSi MS layer is largely in a demagnetized state and, by the application of a transversal field, 180° domain wall motion occurs, reaching saturation above 15 mT.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3707, "txt": " Initially, the FeCoBSi MS layer is largely in a demagnetized state and, by the application of a transversal field, 180° domain wall motion occurs, reaching saturation above 15 mT.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The complex magnetic domain structure can be identified from the demagnetized to the saturated state, suggesting the existence of magnetic domains with antiparallel alignment terminated by 90° domains along the [001] direction, which are gradually annihilated through the magnetization process, reaching a complete alignment along the direction of the applied field at saturation (Figure 7b).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3708, "txt": " The complex magnetic domain structure can be identified from the demagnetized to the saturated state, suggesting the existence of magnetic domains with antiparallel alignment terminated by 90° domains along the [001] direction, which are gradually annihilated through the magnetization process, reaching a complete alignment along the direction of the applied field at saturation (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[7]"}, {"position_id": 3710, "txt": "Figure 7", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[8]"}, {"position_id": 3712, "txt": "b).", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Although MOKE microscopy provides a detailed analysis of the magnetic domain structure, it does not provide any information regarding the magnetization-induced strain on the interface.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3713, "txt": " Although MOKE microscopy provides a detailed analysis of the magnetic domain structure, it does not provide any information regarding the magnetization-induced strain on the interface.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[3]/a[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " For that purpose, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was utilized 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", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3766, "txt": " Copyright [2017], American Chemical Society. ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[4]/div[2]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Employing XRD as a means to evaluate magnetostriction allows us to probe microrods at a fine enough volume to allow for the spatial mapping of the lattice parameters with high resolution, both for the uncoated and coated samples, providing growth and magnetically induced strain information.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3768, "txt": "Employing XRD as a means to evaluate magnetostriction allows us to probe microrods at a fine enough volume to allow for the spatial mapping of the lattice parameters with high resolution, both for the uncoated and coated samples, providing growth and magnetically induced strain information.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 209, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In a study by Hrkac et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3769, "txt": " In a study by Hrkac et al.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 210, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " [79], the combined MOKE and nano-diffraction studies revealed a magnetic easy axis perpendicular to the rod axis and magnetic-field-induced strains at the edges of the ZnO crystal exceeding the expected theoretical value of 4 × 10−5.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3770, "txt": " [", "x": 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"].", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[5]/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 217, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This investigation of strain distribution directly on the interface between ZnO and an MS layer highlights the impact of miniaturization on ME composites and drives the research to pursue further improvement on magnetoelectric performance in the nanoscale.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3833, "txt": " This investigation of strain distribution directly on the interface between ZnO and an MS layer highlights the impact of miniaturization on ME composites and drives the research to pursue further improvement on magnetoelectric performance in the nanoscale.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[5]/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], 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{"txt": " Using the same FTS method as in [80], Gröttrup et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3853, "txt": " Using the same FTS method as in [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 3855, "txt": "80", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 3857, "txt": "], Gröttrup et al.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " [36] synthesized mm-long ZnO micro needles (Figure 8b) and fabricated one of the first piezotronic-based magnetoelectric sensors (2-1 connectivity, rod-like PE phase on FM-thin-film) on a FeCoSiB cantilever, shown in Figure 8c.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3858, "txt": " [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 3860, "txt": "36", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 3862, "txt": "] synthesized mm-long ZnO micro needles (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 3864, "txt": "Figure 8", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 3866, "txt": "b) and fabricated one of the first piezotronic-based magnetoelectric sensors (2-1 connectivity, rod-like PE phase on FM-thin-film) on a FeCoSiB cantilever, shown in ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 3868, "txt": "Figure 8", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[6]"}, {"position_id": 3870, "txt": "c.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " By using the piezotronic principle and piezotronic current measurements with Ohmic contact, an improvement by three orders of magnitude in the limit of detection (LoD) was demonstrated compared to sensors based on the piezoelectric measurements with Schottky contacts (Figure 8d,e).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3871, "txt": " By using the piezotronic principle and piezotronic current measurements with Ohmic contact, an improvement by three orders of magnitude in the limit of detection (LoD) was demonstrated compared to sensors based on the piezoelectric measurements with Schottky contacts (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[6]"}, {"position_id": 3873, "txt": "Figure 8", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[7]"}, {"position_id": 3875, "txt": "d,e).", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " One important outcome is that ZnO resistivity and contact characteristics are essential parameters when considering piezotronic-based devices, as it was shown that the piezotronic current increases while the internal resistance decreases, which is a significant limiting factor of LoD performance.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3876, "txt": " One important outcome is that ZnO resistivity and contact characteristics are essential parameters when considering piezotronic-based devices, as it was shown that the piezotronic current increases while the internal resistance decreases, which is a significant limiting factor of LoD performance.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In addition to sensor application, ZnO was also utilized in photocatalytic applications [86], which, when coupled with magnetostrictive materials and visible light irradiation, can induce enhanced photocatalytic degradation of pollutants and increase the disinfection efficiency via the generation of oxygen and hydroxyl radicals [87].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3877, "txt": " In addition to sensor application, ZnO was also utilized in photocatalytic applications [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[7]"}, {"position_id": 3879, "txt": "86", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[8]"}, {"position_id": 3881, "txt": "], which, when coupled with magnetostrictive materials and visible light irradiation, can induce enhanced photocatalytic degradation of pollutants and increase the disinfection efficiency via the generation of oxygen and hydroxyl radicals [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[6]/a[8]"}, {"position_id": 3883, "txt": "87", 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(a) Schematic representation of a 2-2 ME composite sensor during oscillation via an externally applied magnetic field; (b) SEM image of a hexagonal ZnO micro needle; (c) ZnO micro needle ME sensor with Ag and Al/Au/Ag contacts on an FeCoSiB cantilever; (d) Piezotronic (green) and piezoelectric (blue) measurements of an Ag/ZnO/Al/Au/Ag ME sensor in reverse bias at a resonant frequency of 79.4 Hz and a magnetic field of 0.6 mT; (e) I–V characteristics of an Ag/ZnO/Al/Au/Ag ME sensor.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3887, "txt": "Figure 8.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/b[1]"}, {"position_id": 3889, "txt": " (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/b[1]"}, {"position_id": 3891, "txt": "a", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/b[2]"}, {"position_id": 3893, "txt": ") Schematic representation of a 2-2 ME composite sensor during oscillation via an externally applied magnetic field; (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/b[2]"}, {"position_id": 3895, "txt": "b", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/b[3]"}, {"position_id": 3897, "txt": ") SEM image of a hexagonal ZnO micro needle; (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/b[3]"}, {"position_id": 3899, "txt": "c", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/b[4]"}, {"position_id": 3901, "txt": ") ZnO micro needle ME sensor with Ag and Al/Au/Ag contacts on an FeCoSiB cantilever; (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/b[4]"}, {"position_id": 3903, "txt": "d", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/b[5]"}, {"position_id": 3905, "txt": ") Piezotronic (green) and piezoelectric (blue) measurements of an Ag/ZnO/Al/Au/Ag ME sensor in reverse bias at a resonant frequency of 79.4 Hz and a magnetic field of 0.6 mT; (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/b[5]"}, {"position_id": 3907, "txt": "e", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/b[6]"}, {"position_id": 3909, "txt": ") I–V characteristics of an Ag/ZnO/Al/Au/Ag ME sensor.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/b[6]"}]}, "tags": ["b"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " The equivalent circuit represents the ideal Schottky contact (D1) and space charge contribution (D2), depicting a large piezotronic current in the forward direction.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3910, "txt": " The equivalent circuit represents the ideal Schottky contact (D1) and space charge contribution (D2), depicting a large piezotronic current in the forward direction.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/b[6]"}]}, "tags": ["b"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Reproduced with permission from [36].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3911, "txt": " Reproduced with permission from [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/b[6]"}, {"position_id": 3913, "txt": "36", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/a"}, {"position_id": 3915, "txt": "].", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/a"}]}, "tags": ["b"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Copyright [2016], John Wiley and Sons. ", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3916, "txt": " Copyright [2016], John Wiley and Sons. ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[2]/div[7]/div[2]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 230, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "3.3. ZnO Nanocomposites", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3918, "txt": "3.3. ZnO Nanocomposites", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As discussed above, thin-film- and micro/nanorod-based ZnO magnetoelectric composites rely on strain transfer between the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phase for magnetoelectric coupling.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3920, "txt": "As discussed above, thin-film- and micro/nanorod-based ZnO magnetoelectric composites rely on strain transfer between the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phase for magnetoelectric coupling.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 232, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " On the other hand, 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cobalt acetate tetrahydrate as precursors, oxalic acid as the precipitating agent, ammonium hydroxide as a pH buffer and tetraethylammoniumhydroxide as an anti-agglomeration agent.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 236, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The resulting nanopowder exhibited nano-crystalline domains of ZnO and Co3O4 with diffraction peak intensities modulated by Co content for both ZnO and Co3O4, accompanied by a reduction in the crystallite size, indicating the substitution of Co+2 at the Zn+2 sites.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3933, "txt": " The resulting nanopowder exhibited nano-crystalline domains of ZnO and Co", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/a[2]"}, 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"/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/sup[2]"}, {"position_id": 3957, "txt": " sites.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/sup[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 237, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Ferromagnetic behavior was observed in the Zn-Co-O nanocomposites at 5K and was attributed to the exchange interaction of d-d coupling cobalt ions.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3958, "txt": " Ferromagnetic behavior was observed in the Zn-Co-O nanocomposites at 5K and was attributed to the exchange interaction of d-d coupling cobalt ions.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/sup[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 238, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In addition, oxygen vacancies heavily contribute to the reported ferromagnetism via a bound magnetic polaron (BMP), formed between trapped electrons by an oxygen vacancy and the trapped electron at an orbital overlapping with the d shell of a cobalt ion.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3959, "txt": " In addition, oxygen vacancies heavily contribute to the reported ferromagnetism via a bound magnetic polaron (BMP), formed between trapped electrons by an oxygen vacancy and the trapped electron at an orbital overlapping with the d shell of a cobalt ion.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/sup[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Oxygen vacancies are identified in the doped samples by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and UV-visible and fluorescence (FL) spectra.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3960, "txt": " Oxygen vacancies are identified in the doped samples by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and UV-visible and fluorescence (FL) spectra.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/sup[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 240, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The magnetoelectric coupling was verified by measuring the ME coefficient using the dynamic method, i.e., the measurement of the ME voltage developed across the sample under the simultaneous application of DC and AC magnetic fields.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3961, "txt": " The magnetoelectric coupling was verified by measuring the ME coefficient using the dynamic method, i.e., the measurement of the ME voltage developed across the sample under the simultaneous application of DC and AC magnetic fields.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/sup[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 241, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The magnitude of the magnetoelectric coefficient was evaluated at 8.65 mV/cm Oe at a magnetic field of 2 kOe for the Zn0.82Co0.18O sample, suggesting that the 18% Co-doped ZnO nanocomposites can be applied to functional device applications.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3962, "txt": " The magnitude of the magnetoelectric coefficient was evaluated at 8.65 mV/cm Oe at a magnetic field of 2 kOe for the Zn", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/sup[2]"}, {"position_id": 3964, "txt": "0.82", "x": 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(Figure 9a,b) [90] where an ME voltage coefficient of 4.13 mV/cm Oe was identified, depicted in Figure 9d.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3971, "txt": " Ferromagnetic ordering, due to the inherent oxygen vacancies and BMP formation, was also reported in Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/sub[6]"}, {"position_id": 3973, "txt": "Figure 9", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 3975, "txt": "a,b) [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 3977, "txt": "90", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 3979, "txt": "] where an ME voltage coefficient of 4.13 mV/cm Oe was identified, depicted in ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 3981, "txt": "Figure 9", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 3983, "txt": "d.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[3]/div[1]/a[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 243, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Another ferromagnetic material used in ZnO nanocomposites stems from the combination of Ni and Co with Fe2O4 (ferrite).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3984, "txt": " Another ferromagnetic material used in ZnO nanocomposites stems from the combination of Ni and Co with Fe", "x": 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"/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[4]/div[7]/a[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 289, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Thus, a novel application of nanowire/nanorod composites, either in array form or in single nanowire configurations, may provide the means of bridging the performance gap, while also improving upon spatial resolution and sensitivity in sensor applications.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4285, "txt": " Thus, a novel application of nanowire/nanorod composites, either in array form or in single nanowire configurations, may provide the means of bridging the performance gap, while also improving upon spatial resolution and sensitivity in sensor applications.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[4]/div[7]/a[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 290, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Single ZnO nanowire-based magnetoelectric composites are still missing from the literature and, combined with the piezotronic and the piezophototronic effect [86], can potentially improve upon the performance of current ZnO ME composites but also give rise to new effects through the interaction between ferromagnetism, photoexcitation, piezoelectricity and the semiconducting phenomena in ZnO.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4286, "txt": " Single ZnO nanowire-based magnetoelectric composites are still missing from the literature and, combined with the piezotronic and the piezophototronic effect [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[4]/div[7]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 4288, "txt": "86", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[4]/div[7]/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 4290, "txt": "], can potentially improve upon the performance of current ZnO ME composites but also give rise to new effects through the interaction between ferromagnetism, photoexcitation, piezoelectricity and the semiconducting phenomena in ZnO.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[3]/section[4]/div[7]/a[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 291, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4. Conclusions", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4292, "txt": "4. Conclusions", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[4]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 292, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "In this review, we highlighted the research and development on ZnO-based magnetoelectric composites in various forms, including thin films, micro- and nanorods and nano composites.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4294, "txt": "In this review, we highlighted the research and development on ZnO-based magnetoelectric composites in various forms, including thin films, micro- and nanorods and nano composites.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[4]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 293, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Although several materials are utilized for exploiting ME phenomena, ZnO presents significant interest due to its unique properties, including biocompatibility, non-toxicity, low-cost fabrication and potential applicability in large area electronics.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4295, "txt": " Although several materials are utilized for exploiting ME phenomena, ZnO presents significant interest due to its unique properties, including biocompatibility, non-toxicity, low-cost fabrication and potential applicability in large area electronics.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[4]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 294, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " A significant portion of the research effort focuses on the integration of ZnO micro- and nanostructures with advanced magnetostrictive materials for the realization of novel ME heterostructures.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4296, "txt": " A significant portion of the research effort focuses on the integration of ZnO micro- and nanostructures with advanced magnetostrictive materials for the realization of novel ME heterostructures.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[4]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 295, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " ZnO thin films were utilized extensively in the fabrication of ME composites as the piezoelectric constituent, in diverse device architectures ranging from cantilevers, surface acoustic waves (SAW) and bulk acoustic waves (BAW) devices, to MEMS FBAR and microcantilever sensors.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4297, "txt": " ZnO thin films were utilized extensively in the fabrication of ME composites as the piezoelectric constituent, in diverse device architectures ranging from cantilevers, surface acoustic waves (SAW) and bulk acoustic waves (BAW) devices, to MEMS FBAR and microcantilever sensors.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[4]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 296, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In addition, thin-film characterization methods such as XRD and GIXRD have enabled us to assess magnetostrictive strain at the atomic scale, something that can be leveraged extensively in ME research beyond ZnO.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4298, "txt": " In addition, thin-film characterization methods such as XRD and GIXRD have enabled us to assess magnetostrictive strain at the atomic scale, something that can be leveraged extensively in ME research beyond ZnO.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[4]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 297, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Furthermore, the doping of pure ZnO films can induce ferromagnetic properties with an enhanced magnetoelectric response, while suitable co-doping results in ferroelectric and ferromagnetic phenomena that can simultaneously exist in ZnO thin films.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4299, "txt": " Furthermore, the doping of pure ZnO films can induce ferromagnetic properties with an enhanced magnetoelectric response, while suitable co-doping results in ferroelectric and ferromagnetic phenomena that can simultaneously exist in ZnO thin films.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[4]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 298, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " ZnO micro- and nanorod composites, on the other hand, constitute the most promising route for ME composites based on ZnO.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4300, "txt": " ZnO micro- and nanorod composites, on the other hand, constitute the most promising route for ME composites based on ZnO.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[4]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 299, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This is supported by the fact that there is already substantial research around the basic electronic and structural properties of these structures, and by combining them with advanced magnetostrictive materials, this can lead to novel architectures suitable for sensing, biomedical applications and energy harvesting, in conjunction with the introduction of new effects stemming from the interaction between ferromagnetism, photoexcitation, piezoelectricity and semiconducting phenomena.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4301, "txt": " This is supported by the fact that there is already substantial research around the basic electronic and structural properties of these structures, and by combining them with advanced magnetostrictive materials, this can lead to novel architectures suitable for sensing, biomedical applications and energy harvesting, in conjunction with the introduction of new effects stemming from the interaction between ferromagnetism, photoexcitation, piezoelectricity and semiconducting phenomena.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[1]/section[4]/div[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 300, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further research into the combination of magnetostrictive materials with ZnO nanostructures, especially micro- and nanorods, will pave the way for a new generation of devices able to detect extremely low magnetics fields suitable for portable 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{"txt": "Conceptualization, A.B. and C.T.; methodology, A.B. and C.T.; writing—original draft preparation, A.B.; writing—review and editing, A.B., A.K. and C.T.; visualization, A.B.; funding acquisition, C.T. 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All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[1]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 303, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Funding", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4309, "txt": "Funding", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[2]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 304, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "This research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund-ESF) through the Operational Program «Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning» in the context of the project “Strengthening Human Resources Research Potential via Doctorate Research–2nd Cycle” (MIS-5000432), implemented by the State Scholarships Foundation (ΙΚΥ).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4311, "txt": "This research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund-ESF) through the Operational Program «Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning» in the context of the project “Strengthening Human Resources Research Potential via Doctorate Research–2nd Cycle” (MIS-5000432), implemented by the State Scholarships Foundation (ΙΚΥ).", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[2]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 305, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Institutional Review Board Statement", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4313, "txt": "Institutional Review Board Statement", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[3]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 306, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Not applicable.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4315, "txt": "Not applicable.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[3]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 307, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Informed Consent Statement", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4317, "txt": "Informed Consent Statement", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[4]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 308, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Not applicable.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4319, "txt": "Not applicable.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[4]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 309, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Data Availability Statement", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4321, "txt": "Data Availability Statement", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[5]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 310, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Not applicable.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4323, "txt": "Not applicable.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[5]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 311, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Acknowledgments", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4325, "txt": "Acknowledgments", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[6]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 312, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The authors acknowledge A. Segkos for a thorough reading of the manuscript.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4327, "txt": "The authors acknowledge A. Segkos for a thorough reading of the manuscript.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[6]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 313, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Conflicts of Interest", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4329, "txt": "Conflicts of Interest", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[7]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 314, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The authors declare no conflict of interest.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4331, "txt": "The authors declare no conflict of interest.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[7]/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 315, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "References", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4333, "txt": "References", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[8]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 316, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Astrov, D.N. 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(a) Schematic representation of a magnetoelectric SAW device, showing the ZnO piezoelectric layer, the magnetostrictive Metglas substrate and the interdigitated electrodes; (b) effect of the external magnetic field on the central frequency of the ZnO/Metglas heterostructure, along with the calculated frequency sensitivity.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7077, "txt": "Figure 3.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[3]/div[1]/b[1]"}, {"position_id": 7079, "txt": " (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[3]/div[1]/b[1]"}, {"position_id": 7081, "txt": "a", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[3]/div[1]/b[2]"}, {"position_id": 7083, "txt": ") Schematic representation of a magnetoelectric SAW device, showing the ZnO piezoelectric layer, the magnetostrictive Metglas substrate and the interdigitated electrodes; (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[3]/div[1]/b[2]"}, {"position_id": 7085, "txt": "b", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[3]/div[1]/b[3]"}, {"position_id": 7087, "txt": ") effect of the external magnetic field on the central frequency of the ZnO/Metglas heterostructure, along with the calculated frequency sensitivity.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[3]/div[1]/b[3]"}]}, "tags": ["b"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 198, "global_sentence_id": 796, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Reproduced with permission from [52].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7088, "txt": " Reproduced with permission from [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[3]/div[1]/b[3]"}, {"position_id": 7090, "txt": "52", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[3]/div[1]/a"}, {"position_id": 7092, "txt": "].", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[3]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": ["b"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 198, "global_sentence_id": 797, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Copyright [2016], AIP Publishing.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7093, "txt": " Copyright [2016], AIP Publishing.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[3]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 198, "global_sentence_id": 798, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<img img", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1853, "txt": "<img img", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[3]/div[2]/a/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 199, "global_sentence_id": 799, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 4. 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(a,b) Ferroelectric polarization vs. electric fields loops for pure ZnO and Ni-doped ZnO showing reversible polarization for the Ni-doped thin film; (c–e) magnetoelectric response of Li-, Ni- and Mg-doped ZnO thin films vs. an external DC magnetic field.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7171, "txt": "Figure 5.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[1]/b[1]"}, {"position_id": 7173, "txt": " (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[1]/b[1]"}, {"position_id": 7175, "txt": "a", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[1]/b[2]"}, {"position_id": 7177, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[1]/b[2]"}, {"position_id": 7179, "txt": "b", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[1]/b[3]"}, {"position_id": 7181, "txt": ") Ferroelectric polarization vs. electric fields loops for pure ZnO and Ni-doped ZnO showing reversible polarization for the Ni-doped thin film; (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[1]/b[3]"}, {"position_id": 7183, "txt": "c", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[1]/b[4]"}, {"position_id": 7185, "txt": "–", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[1]/b[4]"}, {"position_id": 7187, "txt": "e", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[1]/b[5]"}, {"position_id": 7189, "txt": ") magnetoelectric response of Li-, Ni- and Mg-doped ZnO thin films vs. an external DC magnetic field.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[1]/b[5]"}]}, "tags": ["b"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 202, "global_sentence_id": 806, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Reproduced with permission from [68].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7190, "txt": " Reproduced with permission from [", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[1]/b[5]"}, {"position_id": 7192, "txt": "68", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[1]/a"}, {"position_id": 7194, "txt": "].", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": ["b"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 202, "global_sentence_id": 807, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Copyright [2014], Elsevier.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7195, "txt": " Copyright [2014], Elsevier.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[1]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 202, "global_sentence_id": 808, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<img img", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1887, "txt": "<img img", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[5]/div[2]/a/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 203, "global_sentence_id": 809, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 6. 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(a) Schematic representation of a 2-2 ME composite sensor during oscillation via an externally applied magnetic field; (b) SEM image of a hexagonal ZnO micro needle; (c) ZnO micro needle ME sensor with Ag and Al/Au/Ag contacts on an FeCoSiB cantilever; (d) Piezotronic (green) and piezoelectric (blue) measurements of an Ag/ZnO/Al/Au/Ag ME sensor in reverse bias at a resonant frequency of 79.4 Hz and a magnetic field of 0.6 mT; (e) I–V characteristics of an Ag/ZnO/Al/Au/Ag ME sensor.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7275, "txt": "Figure 8.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[8]/div[1]/b[1]"}, {"position_id": 7277, "txt": " (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[8]/div[1]/b[1]"}, {"position_id": 7279, "txt": "a", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[8]/div[1]/b[2]"}, {"position_id": 7281, "txt": ") Schematic representation of a 2-2 ME composite sensor during oscillation via an externally applied magnetic field; 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"EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Inset shows the linear relationship between the ME voltage and the applied AC magnetic field in the transverse and longitudinal directions.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7370, "txt": " Inset shows the linear relationship between the ME voltage and the applied AC magnetic field in the transverse and longitudinal directions.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[9]/div[1]/sub[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 210, "global_sentence_id": 827, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " (a,b,d) reproduced with permission from [90].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7371, "txt": " (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[9]/div[1]/sub[8]"}, {"position_id": 7373, "txt": "a", "x": 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"txt": "90", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[9]/div[1]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 7387, "txt": "].", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[9]/div[1]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": ["b"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 210, "global_sentence_id": 828, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Copyright [2019], Elsevier.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7388, "txt": " Copyright [2019], Elsevier.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[9]/div[1]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 210, "global_sentence_id": 829, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " (c,e) reproduced with permission from [32].", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7389, "txt": " (", "x": 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"txt": "].", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[9]/div[1]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": ["b"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 210, "global_sentence_id": 830, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Copyright [2019], Elsevier.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7402, "txt": " Copyright [2019], Elsevier.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[9]/div[1]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 210, "global_sentence_id": 831, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<img img", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1955, "txt": "<img img", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[9]/div[2]/a/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 211, "global_sentence_id": 832, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 1. Summary of ZnO based magnetoelectric composites.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7404, "txt": "Table 1.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[10]/div[1]/b"}, {"position_id": 7406, "txt": " Summary of ZnO based magnetoelectric composites.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[10]/div[1]/b"}]}, "tags": ["b"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 212, "global_sentence_id": 833, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<table <table position_id=\"1959\"><thead position_id=\"1960\"><tr position_id=\"1961\"><th style=\"border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1962\"/><th style=\"border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1963\">Technology Process</th><th style=\"border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1964\">Structure</th><th style=\"border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1965\">Magnetostrictive Phase</th><th style=\"border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1966\">Sensitivity </th><th style=\"border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1967\">Ref.</th></tr></thead><tbody position_id=\"1968\"><tr position_id=\"1969\"><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1970\">ZnO thin film</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1971\">PLD</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1972\">Cantilever</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1973\">Fe<sub position_id=\"1974\">74.4</sub>Co<sub position_id=\"1975\">21.6</sub>Si<sub position_id=\"1976\">0.5</sub>B<sub position_id=\"1977\">3.3</sub>Mn<sub position_id=\"1978\">0.1</sub>C<sub position_id=\"1979\">0.1</sub></td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1980\">47 mV/cm Oe</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1981\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B45-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"1982\">45</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"1983\"><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1984\">ZnO thin film</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1985\">BAW</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1986\">Yttrium iron garnet</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1987\">Δf~0.25 MHz</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1988\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B51-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"1989\">51</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"1990\"><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1991\">Sputtering</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1992\">FBAR</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1993\">Fe<sub position_id=\"1994\">65</sub>Co<sub position_id=\"1995\">35</sub></td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1996\">Δf~7 MHz</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1997\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B55-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"1998\">55</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"1999\"><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2000\">Sputtering</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2001\">FBAR</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2002\">Fe<sub position_id=\"2003\">65</sub>Co<sub position_id=\"2004\">35</sub></td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2005\">Δf~106 MHz</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2006\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B56-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2007\">56</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2008\"><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2009\">Sputtering</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2010\">MEMS<br position_id=\"2011\"/>Cantilevers</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2012\">FeCo</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2013\">57.6 mV/Gauss<br position_id=\"2014\"/>(10.45 kHz)</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2015\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B58-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2016\">58</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2017\"><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2018\">Spin-spray</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2019\">Thin film</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2020\">Fe<sub position_id=\"2021\">3</sub>O<sub position_id=\"2022\">4</sub><br position_id=\"2023\"/>(spin-spray)</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2024\">1.5 × 10<sup position_id=\"2025\">−4</sup> Oe cm k/V</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2026\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B59-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2027\">59</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2028\"><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2029\">ZnO <br position_id=\"2030\"/>micro/nano rods</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2031\">Electrochemical<br position_id=\"2032\"/>deposition</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2033\">Nanorod<br position_id=\"2034\"/>Composite</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2035\">Ni<sub position_id=\"2036\">75</sub>Fe<sub position_id=\"2037\">25</sub><br position_id=\"2038\"/>(DC sputtering)</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2039\">0.34–0.48 mV/cm Oe</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2040\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B74-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2041\">74</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2042\"><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2043\">MVLS</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2044\">Core-shell</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2045\">FeCoBSi<br position_id=\"2046\"/>(RF sputtering)</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2047\">-</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2048\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B26-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2049\">26</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2050\"><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2051\">FTS</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2052\">Microrod<br position_id=\"2053\"/>Composite</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2054\">(Fe<sub position_id=\"2055\">90</sub>Co<sub position_id=\"2056\">10</sub>)<sub position_id=\"2057\">78</sub>Si<sub position_id=\"2058\">12</sub>B<sub position_id=\"2059\">10</sub></td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2060\">-</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2061\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B80-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2062\">80</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2063\"><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2064\">FTS</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2065\">Microrod<br position_id=\"2066\"/>Composite</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2067\">FeCoSiB<br position_id=\"2068\"/>(Metglas 260SA1)</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2069\">380 pT Hz<sup position_id=\"2070\">1/2</sup></td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2071\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B36-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2072\">36</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2073\"><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2074\">ZnO nanocomposite</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2075\">ZnO NPs</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2076\">Nanocomposite</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2077\">Co doped</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2078\">8.65 mV/cm Oe</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2079\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B89-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2080\">89</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2081\"><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2082\">ZnO NPs</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2083\">Nanocomposite</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2084\">Mg doped</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2085\">4.13 mV/cm Oe</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2086\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B90-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2087\">90</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2088\"><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2089\">ZnO NPs</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2090\">Nanocomposite</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2091\">NiFe<sub position_id=\"2092\">2</sub>O<sub position_id=\"2093\">4</sub> NPs</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2094\">3.7–8 mV/cm Oe</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2095\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B32-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2096\">32</a>]</td></tr></tbody></table>", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1959, "txt": "<table <table position_id=\"1959\"><thead position_id=\"1960\"><tr position_id=\"1961\"><th style=\"border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1962\"/><th style=\"border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1963\">Technology Process</th><th style=\"border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1964\">Structure</th><th style=\"border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1965\">Magnetostrictive Phase</th><th style=\"border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1966\">Sensitivity </th><th style=\"border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1967\">Ref.</th></tr></thead><tbody position_id=\"1968\"><tr position_id=\"1969\"><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1970\">ZnO thin film</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1971\">PLD</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1972\">Cantilever</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1973\">Fe<sub position_id=\"1974\">74.4</sub>Co<sub position_id=\"1975\">21.6</sub>Si<sub position_id=\"1976\">0.5</sub>B<sub position_id=\"1977\">3.3</sub>Mn<sub position_id=\"1978\">0.1</sub>C<sub position_id=\"1979\">0.1</sub></td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1980\">47 mV/cm Oe</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1981\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B45-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"1982\">45</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"1983\"><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1984\">ZnO thin film</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1985\">BAW</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1986\">Yttrium iron garnet</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1987\">Δf~0.25 MHz</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1988\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B51-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"1989\">51</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"1990\"><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1991\">Sputtering</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1992\">FBAR</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1993\">Fe<sub position_id=\"1994\">65</sub>Co<sub position_id=\"1995\">35</sub></td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1996\">Δf~7 MHz</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"1997\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B55-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"1998\">55</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"1999\"><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2000\">Sputtering</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2001\">FBAR</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2002\">Fe<sub position_id=\"2003\">65</sub>Co<sub position_id=\"2004\">35</sub></td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2005\">Δf~106 MHz</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2006\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B56-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2007\">56</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2008\"><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2009\">Sputtering</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2010\">MEMS<br position_id=\"2011\"/>Cantilevers</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2012\">FeCo</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2013\">57.6 mV/Gauss<br position_id=\"2014\"/>(10.45 kHz)</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2015\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B58-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2016\">58</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2017\"><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2018\">Spin-spray</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2019\">Thin film</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2020\">Fe<sub position_id=\"2021\">3</sub>O<sub position_id=\"2022\">4</sub><br position_id=\"2023\"/>(spin-spray)</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2024\">1.5 × 10<sup position_id=\"2025\">−4</sup> Oe cm k/V</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2026\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B59-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2027\">59</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2028\"><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2029\">ZnO <br position_id=\"2030\"/>micro/nano rods</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2031\">Electrochemical<br position_id=\"2032\"/>deposition</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2033\">Nanorod<br position_id=\"2034\"/>Composite</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2035\">Ni<sub position_id=\"2036\">75</sub>Fe<sub position_id=\"2037\">25</sub><br position_id=\"2038\"/>(DC sputtering)</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2039\">0.34–0.48 mV/cm Oe</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2040\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B74-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2041\">74</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2042\"><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2043\">MVLS</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2044\">Core-shell</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2045\">FeCoBSi<br position_id=\"2046\"/>(RF sputtering)</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2047\">-</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2048\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B26-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2049\">26</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2050\"><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2051\">FTS</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2052\">Microrod<br position_id=\"2053\"/>Composite</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2054\">(Fe<sub position_id=\"2055\">90</sub>Co<sub position_id=\"2056\">10</sub>)<sub position_id=\"2057\">78</sub>Si<sub position_id=\"2058\">12</sub>B<sub position_id=\"2059\">10</sub></td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2060\">-</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2061\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B80-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2062\">80</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2063\"><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2064\">FTS</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2065\">Microrod<br position_id=\"2066\"/>Composite</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2067\">FeCoSiB<br position_id=\"2068\"/>(Metglas 260SA1)</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2069\">380 pT Hz<sup position_id=\"2070\">1/2</sup></td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2071\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B36-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2072\">36</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2073\"><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2074\">ZnO nanocomposite</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2075\">ZnO NPs</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2076\">Nanocomposite</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2077\">Co doped</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2078\">8.65 mV/cm Oe</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2079\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B89-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2080\">89</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2081\"><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2082\">ZnO NPs</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2083\">Nanocomposite</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2084\">Mg doped</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2085\">4.13 mV/cm Oe</td><td align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2086\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B90-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2087\">90</a>]</td></tr><tr position_id=\"2088\"><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2089\">ZnO NPs</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2090\">Nanocomposite</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2091\">NiFe<sub position_id=\"2092\">2</sub>O<sub position_id=\"2093\">4</sub> NPs</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2094\">3.7–8 mV/cm Oe</td><td style=\"border-bottom:solid thin\" align=\"center\" class=\"html-align-center\" valign=\"middle\" position_id=\"2095\">[<a class=\"html-bibr\" href=\"#B32-applsci-13-08378\" position_id=\"2096\">32</a>]</td></tr></tbody></table>", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[9]/div[10]/table"}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 213, "global_sentence_id": 834, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "* Sensitivity is used as a term to summarize the magnitude of the magnetoelectric effect due to the fact that different coefficients and figures of merit are used for each composite category in the literature.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": 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MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.</div></td></tr></tbody></table>", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[10]/table"}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 215, "global_sentence_id": 836, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "© 2023 by the authors.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7410, "txt": "© 2023 by the authors.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[11]/br"}]}, "tags": ["br"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 216, "global_sentence_id": 837, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7411, "txt": " Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[11]/br"}]}, "tags": ["br"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 216, "global_sentence_id": 838, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7412, "txt": " This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[11]/br"}]}, "tags": ["br"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 216, "global_sentence_id": 839, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7414, "txt": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[11]/a"}, {"position_id": 7416, "txt": ").", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[12]/div[2]/section[11]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 217, "global_sentence_id": 840, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Share and Cite", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7418, "txt": "Share and Cite", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[13]/h2[1]/a"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 218, "global_sentence_id": 841, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "MDPI and ACS Style", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7420, "txt": "MDPI and ACS Style", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[13]/div[2]/div[1]/b"}]}, "tags": ["b"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 220, "global_sentence_id": 842, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Bardakas, A.; Kaidatzis, A.; Tsamis, C. 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", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7792, "txt": "here", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[13]/div[4]/div[2]/div/a"}, {"position_id": 7794, "txt": ". ", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[13]/div[4]/div[2]/div/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 244, "global_sentence_id": 964, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 7796, "txt": "Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.", "x": "/html/body/div[8]/section/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/article/div/div[13]/div[4]/div[2]/div/div[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 245, "global_sentence_id": 965, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# A Review of Magnetoelectric Composites Based on ZnO Nanostructures ## Abstract ## 1. Introduction ## 2. Magnetoelectric (ME) Effect ## 3. ZnO Magnetoelectric Composites ### 3.1. Thin Films #### 3.1.1. Pure ZnO Thin Films #### 3.1.2. Doped ZnO Thin Films ### 3.2. ZnO Micro- and Nano-Rods ### 3.3. ZnO Nanocomposites ### 3.4. Discussion ## 4. Conclusions
6e24d5ef-da21-449e-a56c-5ec31fdb4713	web	test/raw_web_htmls/6e24d5ef-da21-449e-a56c-5ec31fdb4713.html	https://www.163.com/dy/article/JQ25N49A0514R9P4.html	{"entry_id": "6e24d5ef-da21-449e-a56c-5ec31fdb4713", "infos": [{"txt": "AI“新秀”Manus评论两极分化，业内人士建议“让子弹飞一会”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "AI“新秀”Manus评论两极分化，业内人士建议“让子弹飞一会”", "x": "//h1[@class=\"post_title\"]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "AI圈又炸裂了，3月6日，一个名为Manus的AI", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 383, "txt": "AI圈又炸裂了，3月6日，一个名为Manus的AI", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": " Agent（智能体）在科技媒体圈里横空出世，并被称之为AI Agent的“GPT时刻”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 384, "txt": " Agent（智能体）在科技媒体圈里横空出世，并被称之为AI Agent的“GPT时刻”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Manus采用的是邀请体验机制，由于数额有限，很快出现了二手交易平台上邀请码价格开价超5万的现象。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 385, "txt": "Manus采用的是邀请体验机制，由于数额有限，很快出现了二手交易平台上邀请码价格开价超5万的现象。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但经过一天的时间，对于Manus的评论开始出现两极。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 386, "txt": "但经过一天的时间，对于Manus的评论开始出现两极。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有人批评公司“以邀请码为噱头，营销味太重”，但也有人为Manus的局部创新点赞。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 387, "txt": "有人批评公司“以邀请码为噱头，营销味太重”，但也有人为Manus的局部创新点赞。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "鉴于目前用上Manus的人还是少数，业内人士认为，还是“让子弹飞一会”吧。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 388, "txt": "鉴于目前用上Manus的人还是少数，业内人士认为，还是“", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[1]"}, {"position_id": 390, "txt": "让子弹飞", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 392, "txt": "一会”吧。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[1]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "是个“有趣的创新产品思路”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 394, "txt": "是个“有趣的创新产品思路”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 7, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": 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"/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在筛选简历案例中，Manus可以解压文件、逐页浏览每份简历、在文件中记录重要信息、在云中异步工作，用户可以随时关闭电脑，一切任务完成后Manus再通知用户。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 401, "txt": "在筛选简历案例中，Manus可以解压文件、逐页浏览每份简历、在文件中记录重要信息、在云中异步工作，用户可以随时关闭电脑，一切任务完成后Manus再通知用户。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在评估通用人工智能助手解决现实问题的GAIA基准中，Manus在三个难度级别中全部超越了OpenAl在今年2月上线的DeepResearch。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 403, "txt": "在评估通用人工智能助手解决现实问题的GAIA基准中，Manus在三个难度级别中全部超越了OpenAl在今年2月上线的DeepResearch。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“感觉好多人都快失业了。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 405, "txt": "“感觉好多人都快失业了。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Hugging Face研究工程师赵浩君看到筛选简历的案例后表示，能提高一点效率，就会少很多岗位。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 406, "txt": "Hugging Face研究工程师赵浩君看到筛选简历的案例后表示，能提高一点效率，就会少很多岗位。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他认为Manus的可视化效果惊艳，只要深耕一个领域，智能体都能有不错效果，但通用性目前很难实现。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 407, "txt": "他认为Manus的可视化效果惊艳，只要深耕一个领域，智能体都能有不错效果，但通用性目前很难实现。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Manus让大众体验到调用多种工具的智能体小助手，快思慢想研究院院长、原商汤智能产业研究院创始院长田丰认为，Manus是个“有趣的创新产品思路”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 409, "txt": "Manus让大众体验到调用多种工具的智能体小助手，快思慢想研究院院长、原商汤智能产业研究院创始院长田丰认为，Manus是个“有趣的创新产品思路”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随着底层大模型模块化串联，API和开源变得方便、便宜，产品层创新就会提速，涌现出更多有想法的、面向C端的工具箱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 410, "txt": "随着底层大模型模块化串联，API和开源变得方便、便宜，产品层创新就会提速，涌现出更多有想法的、面向C端的工具箱。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他表示，产品创新追求用户逻辑，Manus不像底层技术DeepSeek那样难实现，面对Manus的爆火，也要让子弹再飞一会儿。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 411, "txt": "他表示，产品创新追求用户逻辑，Manus不像底层技术DeepSeek那样难实现，面对Manus的爆火，也要让子弹再飞一会儿。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "远未达到DeepSeek的创新水平", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 413, "txt": "远未达到DeepSeek的创新水平", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[9]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "此外，获得了邀请码并参与了Manus评测的人员们认为，Manus在信息搜集和整理方面表现出色，但在复杂任务和交互性方面仍有改进空间。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 415, "txt": "此外，获得了邀请码并参与了Manus评测的人员们认为，Manus在信息搜集和整理方面表现出色，但在复杂任务和交互性方面仍有改进空间。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[10]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在评测过程中，参与者也遇到了访问需要登录的网站受阻、系统负载过高导致任务失败或速度缓慢、生成的游戏无法交互等问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 416, "txt": "在评测过程中，参与者也遇到了访问需要登录的网站受阻、系统负载过高导致任务失败或速度缓慢、生成的游戏无法交互等问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[10]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "参与者普遍认为，Manus产品仍处于早期阶段，需要不断优化和改进。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 418, "txt": "参与者普遍认为，Manus产品仍处于早期阶段，需要不断优化和改进。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Manus强调智能体的自主性，中国AI团队在模型训练和产品创新方面表现出色，但竞争激烈。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 419, "txt": "Manus强调智能体的自主性，中国AI团队在模型训练和产品创新方面表现出色，但竞争激烈。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“Manus原本就是其团队来展示产品理念和阶段性研究成果的一个Demo”，一位从事AI产品测评的人士表示，他虽然有了邀请码，但由于服务器压力无法登录，他告诉澎湃科技，虽然自己没有测试，但是他已经了解，Manus使用过程中的时间较长，从十几分钟到半小时不等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 421, "txt": "“Manus原本就是其团队来展示产品理念和阶段性研究成果的一个Demo”，一位从事AI产品测评的人士表示，他虽然有了邀请码，但由于服务器压力无法登录，他告诉澎湃科技，虽然自己没有测试，但是他已经了解，Manus使用过程中的时间较长，从十几分钟到半小时不等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他认为Manus产品体验确实有创新，但技术创新没有太大跨度，并非智能体的“DeepSeek时刻”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 422, "txt": "他认为Manus产品体验确实有创新，但技术创新没有太大跨度，并非智能体的“DeepSeek时刻”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "目前， Manus的争议较大，评价出现了两极分化，功能被夸大，一些头部营销号带节奏、蹭流量。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 423, "txt": "目前， Manus的争议较大，评价出现了两极分化，功能被夸大，一些头部营销号带节奏、蹭流量。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有网友甚至表示“这一批AI，最累的就是自媒体博主们”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 425, "txt": "有网友甚至表示“这一批AI，最累的就是自媒体博主们”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "国内明星大模型企业管理层告诉澎湃科技，头部营销号带节奏严重透支国内民众对AI行业的信任。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 426, "txt": "国内明星大模型企业管理层告诉澎湃科技，头部营销号带节奏严重透支国内民众对AI行业的信任。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这波能活下来的AI企业都是靠技术驱动。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 427, "txt": "这波能活下来的AI企业都是靠技术驱动。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "PR（公共关系）驱动的企业是浪费各种社会资源。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 428, "txt": "PR（公共关系）驱动的企业是浪费各种社会资源。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他呼吁行业要脚踏实地，戒掉浮躁，“跟美国友商相比，我们的资源很少，要用在支持脚踏实地的企业上，不能资源错配，不能劣币驱逐良币。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 429, "txt": "他呼吁行业要脚踏实地，戒掉浮躁，“跟美国友商相比，我们的资源很少，要用在支持脚踏实地的企业上，不能资源错配，不能劣币驱逐良币。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "猎豹移动董事长兼CEO傅盛表示，Manus完全不同于DeepSeek，其本质是用工程代码实现通用智能体，“这是很难的，如果能够穷举，就不用大语言模型了，专家系统早就被证明无法实现真正的智能化。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 431, "txt": "猎豹移动董事长兼CEO傅盛表示，Manus完全不同于DeepSeek，其本质是用工程代码实现通用智能体，“这是很难的，如果能够穷举，就不用大语言模型了，专家系统早就被证明无法实现真正的智能化。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[14]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "北京智源人工智能研究院此前预测，2025年更通用、更自主的智能体将重塑产品应用形态，进一步深入工作与生活场景，成为大模型产品落地的重要应用形态。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 433, "txt": "北京智源人工智能研究院此前预测，2025年更通用、更自主的智能体将重塑产品应用形态，进一步深入工作与生活场景，成为大模型产品落地的重要应用形态。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从更强调产品概念的Agent，到更强调应用智能程度的Agentic AI，2025年将看到更多智能化程度更高、对业务流程理解更深的多智能体系统在应用侧落地。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 434, "txt": "从更强调产品概念的Agent，到更强调应用智能程度的Agentic AI，2025年将看到更多智能化程度更高、对业务流程理解更深的多智能体系统在应用侧落地。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "北京智源人工智能研究院行业研究组负责人倪贤豪表示，AI应用已经接近大规模爆发的前夜，国内外趋势一致，AI应用成熟度有所提升，“以前更多强调agnet要做得非常产品化、端到端，能够应用得非常成熟，但今年大家的思路转变过来，更多是要让它们被用起来。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 435, "txt": "北京智源人工智能研究院行业研究组负责人倪贤豪表示，AI应用已经接近大规模爆发的前夜，国内外趋势一致，AI应用成熟度有所提升，“以前更多强调agnet要做得非常产品化、端到端，能够应用得非常成熟，但今年大家的思路转变过来，更多是要让它们被用起来。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}], "type": "WEB"}	# AI“新秀”Manus评论两极分化，业内人士建议“让子弹飞一会” ## 是个“有趣的创新产品思路” ## 远未达到DeepSeek的创新水平
8b3ab457-cda3-462f-9aae-8c993966471d	web	test/raw_web_htmls/8b3ab457-cda3-462f-9aae-8c993966471d.html	https://cn.investing.com/news/economy-news/article-2756099	{"entry_id": "8b3ab457-cda3-462f-9aae-8c993966471d", "infos": [{"txt": "【投资视角】启示2025：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "【投资视角】启示2025：", "x": ""}]}, "tags": [], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "中国新媒体行业投融资及兼并重组分析（附投融资事件、产业基金和兼并重组等）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "中国新媒体行业投融资及兼并重组分析（附投融资事件、产业基金和兼并重组等）", "x": ""}]}, "tags": [], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "行业主要上市公司：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 504, "txt": "行业主要上市公司", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/div/p[1]/strong"}, {"position_id": 506, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/div/p[1]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "芒果超媒(300413.SZ)、人民网(603000.SH)、掌阅科技(603533.SH)、中文在线(300364.SZ)、快手-W(1024.HK)、微博-SW(9898.HK)、哔哩哔哩-W(9626.HK)等", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 507, "txt": "芒果超媒(300413.SZ)、人民网(603000.SH)、掌阅科技(603533.SH)、中文在线(300364.SZ)、快手-W(1024.HK)、微博-SW(9898.HK)、哔哩哔哩-W(9626.HK)等", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/div/p[1]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "本文核心数据：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 509, "txt": "本文核心数据", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/div/p[2]/strong"}, {"position_id": 511, "txt": "：", "x": 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"language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 602, "txt": "有个方法，就是参考年内领跑的投资组合，看看他们抓住了哪些有望大涨的潜力股。", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/div/div[8]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 例如，Investing.com旗下ProPicks AI，精心打造了6大投资组合，甄选了一批当前可能最值得入手的股票。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 603, "txt": " 例如，Investing.com旗下ProPicks AI，精心打造了6大投资组合，甄选了一批当前可能最值得入手的股票。", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/div/div[8]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "ProPicks AI就曾挖掘出9支一度被市场冷落的股票，而年内这些股票已大涨超25%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 604, "txt": "ProPicks AI就曾挖掘出9支一度被市场冷落的股票，而年内这些股票已大涨超25%。", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/div/div[8]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 而且，ProPicks AI每月都会纳入一批新的潜力股，进一步抓住未来几年的潜在巨额回报。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 605, "txt": " 而且，ProPicks AI每月都会纳入一批新的潜力股，进一步抓住未来几年的潜在巨额回报。", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/div/div[8]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 603000是否也属于这样的股票。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 606, "txt": " ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/div/div[8]/p"}, {"position_id": 608, "txt": "603000", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/div/div[8]/p/span"}, {"position_id": 610, "txt": "是否也属于这样的股票。", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/div/div[8]/p/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "解锁ProPicks AI，立即知晓", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 612, "txt": "解锁ProPicks AI，立即知晓", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/div/div[8]/a/span[2]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 【投资视角】启示2025：中国新媒体行业投融资及兼并重组分析（附投融资事件、产业基金和兼并重组等） ## 1、新媒体行业投融资热度有所下滑 ## 2、新媒体行业投融资处于成长阶段 ## 3、新媒体投融资集中在北京、上海、广东和浙江 ## 4、新媒体行业投融资集中互联网广告营销和技术服务 ## 5、新媒体行业的投资者以投资类企业为主 ## 6、新媒体行业的产业投资基金 ## 7、新媒体企业横向收购扩大规模 ## 8、新媒体行业投融资及兼并重组总结
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Link", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 488, "txt": "Copy Link", "x": "/html/body/article/div[3]/div/div/ul/li[4]/div/div"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# The Quiet Beverage Bet Outpacing AI Hype: How OLIPOP’s Investors Are Winning ## Comparison methodology ## OpenAI’s returns ## OLIPOP’s returns ## Future dilution ## OpenAI’s unit economics ### ChatGPT Subscriptions ### API Usage ## OLIPOP’s unit economics ## Final thoughts
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position_id=\"24\">What’s New?</a><br position_id=\"25\"/> → Select a chapter on your right<br position_id=\"26\"/> <br position_id=\"27\"/> <em position_id=\"28\">Are you a First Time Visitor?</em><br position_id=\"29\"/> Consider starting here:<br position_id=\"30\"/> → <a href=\"#What\" position_id=\"31\">What is this “Raster Tragedy?”</a><br position_id=\"32\"/> → <a href=\"#Guide\" position_id=\"33\">Guide to the Reader</a><br position_id=\"34\"/></td><td style=\"border: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top\" width=\"33%\" position_id=\"53\">Beyond the Raster Tragedy:<br position_id=\"54\"/> → <a href=\"PR.htm\" position_id=\"55\">Parameterized Regularization</a><br position_id=\"56\"/> <br position_id=\"57\"/> <em position_id=\"58\">Search may require some time for<br position_id=\"59\"/> the web crawlers to catch up with<br position_id=\"60\"/> a recent website host transfer.<br position_id=\"61\"/> It should be back shortly.</em><br position_id=\"62\"/> <br 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", "x": "/html/body/div/em"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Footnotes: ", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 535, "txt": " Footnotes: ", "x": "/html/body/div/br[2]"}]}, "tags": ["br"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Corrected on 17 March 2011", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 537, "txt": "Corrected on 17 March 2011", "x": "/html/body/div/ol/li[1]/a"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Peter Karow, Intelligent FontScaling, URW Unternehmensberatung, Hamburg, Germany (undated).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 539, "txt": "Peter Karow, ", "x": "/html/body/div/ol/li[2]/a"}, {"position_id": 541, "txt": "Intelligent FontScaling", "x": "/html/body/div/ol/li[2]/em"}, {"position_id": 543, "txt": ", URW Unternehmensberatung, Hamburg, Germany (undated).", "x": "/html/body/div/ol/li[2]/em"}]}, "tags": ["li", "em"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " I seem to have lost or misplaced the original brochure, but that’s how I quoted said publication in my PhD thesis.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 544, "txt": " I seem to have lost or misplaced the original brochure, but that’s how I quoted said publication in my PhD thesis.", "x": "/html/body/div/ol/li[2]/em"}]}, "tags": ["em", "li"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "© Copyright 2009-2025 by Beat Stamm.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 546, "txt": "© ", "x": "/html/body/div/p[21]"}, {"position_id": 548, "txt": "Copyright", "x": "/html/body/div/p[21]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 550, "txt": " 2009-2025 by ", "x": "/html/body/div/p[21]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 552, "txt": "Beat Stamm", "x": "/html/body/div/p[21]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 554, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div/p[21]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " All Rights Reserved.FAQs \| Contact \| Donate \| Page last updated on 21 Jun 2018", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 555, "txt": " All Rights Reserved.", "x": "/html/body/div/p[21]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 557, "txt": "FAQs", "x": "/html/body/div/p[21]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 559, "txt": " \| ", "x": "/html/body/div/p[21]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 561, "txt": "Contact", "x": "/html/body/div/p[21]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 563, "txt": " \| ", "x": "/html/body/div/p[21]/a[4]"}, {"position_id": 565, "txt": "Donate", "x": "/html/body/div/p[21]/a[5]"}, {"position_id": 567, "txt": " \| Page last updated on 21 Jun 2018", "x": "/html/body/div/p[21]/a[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# The Raster Tragedy at Low-Resolution Revisited:Opportunities and Challenges beyond “Delta-Hinting” ## What Others are Saying: ### John Hudson, Tiro Typeworks: ### Thomas Phinney, CEO of FontLab: ### Erik Spiekermann (via Twitter), SpiekerBlog: ### Jonathan Hœfler (via Twitter), Hœfler & Co.: ## What’s New? ### 2018-06-21 ### 2011-12-07 ### 2011-09-14 #### Spun off ClearType (cf 2.2.0) and added a comparison of sub-pixel anti-aliasing methods (ClearType, CoolType, FreeType, and Quartz, cf 2.2.1) #### Added an analysis of inter-character “spacing” in DirectWrite (cf 4.2.2) and a comparison of text layout with different advance widths (cf 4.2.3) #### Revised the explanation on rendering sub-pixel anti-aliased text (ClearType) in color-on-color (cf 5.2) and its sensitivity to gamma correction (cf 5.3) ## What is this “Raster Tragedy?” ## Guide to the Reader
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{"txt": "营业收入、成本方面，2024 年前三季度工业企业营业收入同比增长2.1%，较1-8 月下滑0.3 个百分点，每百元资产实现营业收入77.2 元，较1-8 月上升0.7 元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.236, 0.939, 0.248], [0.085, 0.251, 0.397, 0.263]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2024 年前三季度工业企业营业成本同比增长2.4 %，增幅较1-8 月继续收窄0.2 个百分点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.397, 0.251, 0.939, 0.263], [0.085, 0.265, 0.193, 0.279]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "前三季度营业成本同比增速快于营业收入增速，成本端压力或也对工业企业盈利有所影响。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.193, 0.265, 0.864, 0.279]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "盈利能力方面，前三季度规模以上工业企业营业收入利润率实现5.3%，较1-8 月小幅下滑0.1 个百分点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.289, 0.854, 0.301]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从“量”、“价”角度看，9 月工业生产活跃度回升，但价格端延续弱势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.312, 0.598, 0.324]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一方面，9 月工业增加值同比增速实现5.4%，较8 月回升0.9 个百分点，生产端对9 月工业企业盈利有所支撑。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.598, 0.312, 0.94, 0.324], [0.085, 0.327, 0.566, 0.339]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但在另一方面，9 月PPI、生产资料PPI 同比降幅分别较8 月走扩1.0 和1.3 个百分点，受内需不足影响，价格端延续弱势，进而影响企业盈利能力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.566, 0.327, 0.94, 0.339], [0.085, 0.343, 0.795, 0.354]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "前三季度制造业利润总额同比下滑3.8%，增速较1-8 月转负下滑4.9 个百分点，对工业企业盈利能力的支撑继续减弱具体到子行业，2024 年前三季度原材料加工业盈利延续走弱，拖累当期工业企业利润累计同比增速3.3 个百分点，负贡献较1-8 月继续加深1.3 个百分点，而负贡献主要来自石油煤炭等燃料加工业、非金属矿物制品业及黑色金属加工业，分别拖累前三季度工业企业利润总额累计同比增速1.3、2.1 和1.1 个百分点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.365, 0.931, 0.377], [0.085, 0.381, 0.94, 0.392], [0.085, 0.396, 0.939, 0.408], [0.085, 0.411, 0.683, 0.423]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，据我们测算，前三季度高技术制造业对工企利润累计同比增速的正贡献仅实现0.3 个百分点，较1-8 月延续下滑；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.434, 0.94, 0.446], [0.085, 0.449, 0.118, 0.461]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而传统设备制造业对前三季度工企利润累计同比增速的贡献由正转负，拖累当期工企利润累计同比增速0.3 个百分点，制造业对工业企业盈利的支撑作用延续减弱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.449, 0.94, 0.461], [0.085, 0.465, 0.471, 0.477]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "需求端对工业企业盈利能力仍有掣肘。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.487, 0.37, 0.499]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "前三季度原材料加工业对工企盈利同比增速的拖累较1-8 月更加明显，而从结构看，黑色金属冶炼加工业和非金属矿物制品业均是重要拖累，两行业景气度与房地产行业息息相关，地产投资不足仍是国内需求重要短板。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.37, 0.487, 0.939, 0.499], [0.085, 0.503, 0.939, 0.515], [0.085, 0.518, 0.269, 0.53]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，传统设备制造业、高技术制造业对工业企业盈利增速的贡献均出现走弱，除基数效应影响外，国内需求有待进一步提振。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.269, 0.518, 0.939, 0.53], [0.085, 0.534, 0.353, 0.545]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "9 月26 日，中共中央政治局召开会议，“加力推出增量政策”，进入10 月各部委积极落实一揽子增量政策，四季度财政增量政策值得期待。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.554, 0.939, 0.568], [0.085, 0.571, 0.253, 0.583]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当前工业企业盈利不足，或需财政政策进一步发力需求侧，除更好地发挥政府投资的带动作用外，财政有望通过加强转移支付的收入再分配作用，激发国内消费潜能。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.253, 0.571, 0.939, 0.583], [0.085, 0.587, 0.622, 0.599]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "风险提示：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.609, 0.169, 0.621]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "海外衰退风险；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.169, 0.609, 0.286, 0.621]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "地缘关系的不确定性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.286, 0.609, 0.454, 0.621]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "【固定收益】“特朗普交易”强化—高频数据扫描", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.653, 0.439, 0.665]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "肖成哲张鹏", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.675, 0.177, 0.687]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国当前仍处于“紧货币+宽财政”政策组合，应注意市场对“特朗普交易”的影响预期过满。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.698, 0.751, 0.71]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1. “特朗普交易”强化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.72, 0.251, 0.732]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国大选临近，尽管两位总统候选人民调仍然接近，但由于美国选举制度的特殊性，市场对特朗普当选的预期有所强化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.251, 0.72, 0.939, 0.732], [0.085, 0.736, 0.286, 0.748]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "《华尔街日报》10 月23 日公布的的民调数据显示，特朗普的支持率领先于哈里斯两个百分点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.286, 0.736, 0.939, 0.748], [0.085, 0.751, 0.135, 0.763]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "FOX 新闻10 月的民调也显示特朗普在全美以50%对48%领先哈里斯，而9 月时FOX 的民调示哈里斯领先。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.135, 0.751, 0.924, 0.763]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们此前的报告提到，美国知名选情分析师西尔弗认为哈里斯未在选举人票方面掌握明显优势（《如何看中美长债对降息的反应》20240929）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.924, 0.751, 0.939, 0.763], [0.085, 0.766, 0.939, 0.778], [0.085, 0.782, 0.269, 0.794]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "西尔弗估算，哈里斯需至少以三个百分点的优势赢得普选，才有望在选举人票方面有明显优势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.269, 0.782, 0.939, 0.794], [0.085, 0.797, 0.118, 0.809]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，共和党支持者的提前投票人数也好于前两次大选。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.797, 0.539, 0.809]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“特朗普交易”随着选情变化而走强，上周（2024 年10月21 日-10 月26 日，下同），美元汇率和美债收益率上行，美元指数突破104，美国国债10 年期收益率升至4.2%以上。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.539, 0.797, 0.939, 0.811], [0.085, 0.813, 0.939, 0.825], [0.085, 0.828, 0.118, 0.84]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "应注意市场对“特朗普交易”的影响预期过满。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.851, 0.419, 0.863]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“特朗普交易”的基本逻辑是，特朗普在减税（影响财政赤字）、移民（影响劳动力供给）等方面的政策主张，可能加剧美国通胀和利率上行风险。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.419, 0.851, 0.939, 0.863], [0.085, 0.866, 0.621, 0.878]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但值得注意的是，美国当前执行的政策组合事实上已是“紧货币+宽财政”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.621, 0.866, 0.939, 0.878], [0.085, 0.882, 0.31, 0.893]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2023 年至2024 年上半年，美国联邦政府经常性收入占GDP 之比事实上与疫情前的特朗普前三年任期内的水平相当，处于上世纪80 年代以来的偏低水平；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.31, 0.882, 0.939, 0.893], [0.085, 0.897, 0.596, 0.909]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而支出占GDP 之比则高于特朗普前三年任期。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.596, 0.897, 0.939, 0.909]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "即使特朗普确实当选，我们预计其经济政策的首要任务也是降通胀和降利率，而不是继续压低已在低位的失业率，货币政策转松的趋势大概率将延续；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.912, 0.939, 0.924], [0.085, 0.928, 0.336, 0.94]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "财政方面，可能推出一定减税措施，但同时也可能对政府开支进行一定削减，财政政策力度不排除弱于当前。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.336, 0.928, 0.939, 0.94], [0.085, 0.943, 0.286, 0.955]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.453, 0.964, 0.628, 0.977]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.082, 0.965, 0.221, 0.977]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.929, 0.966, 0.94, 0.974]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.086, 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "LME 铜现货价全周均价环比降0.03%；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.209, 0.159, 0.497, 0.173]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "铝现货均价环比涨2.65%，铜金比价环比降2.17%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.497, 0.159, 0.877, 0.173]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "上周国内水泥价格指数环比升1.80%；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.184, 0.367, 0.196]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "南华铁矿石指数平均环比降2.04%；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.367, 0.184, 0.633, 0.196]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "全国247 家钢厂高炉开工率环比升0.56%；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.633, 0.184, 0.948, 0.196]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "螺纹钢库存环比降1.51%；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.085, 0.199, 0.283, 0.211]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "螺纹钢价格指数环比降4.73%；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, 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下载方式
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"/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/blockquote/section/p/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "卡片，关注“自动驾驶之心”公众号", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 458, "txt": "卡片", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[1]/span[1]/span[2]/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 460, "txt": "，关注“", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[1]/span[1]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 462, "txt": "自动驾驶之心", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[1]/span[2]/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 464, "txt": "”公众号", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[1]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "戳我-> 领取自动驾驶近15个方向学习路线", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 466, "txt": "戳我-> ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/section[1]/a/span/strong/span/strong/span/span[1]/strong"}, {"position_id": 468, "txt": "领取", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/section[1]/a/span/strong/span/strong/span/span[2]/span[1]/strong"}, {"position_id": 470, "txt": "自动驾驶近15个", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/section[1]/a/span/strong/span/strong/span/span[2]/span[2]/strong"}, {"position_id": 472, "txt": "方向", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/section[1]/span/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 474, "txt": "学习", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/section[1]/span/span/strong[1]/span/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 476, "txt": "路线", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/section[1]/span/span/strong[2]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": ">>自动驾驶之心『自动驾驶』技术交流群", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 478, "txt": ">>", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[2]/span[1]/span/strong"}, {"position_id": 480, "txt": "自动驾驶之心", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[2]/a/strong"}, {"position_id": 482, "txt": "『", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[2]/strong/a/strong"}, {"position_id": 484, "txt": "自动驾驶", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[2]/strong/a"}, {"position_id": 486, "txt": "』", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[2]/strong/span/strong/a/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 488, "txt": "技术交流群", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[2]/span[2]/strong/a"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "本文只做学术分享，如有侵权，联系删文", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 490, "txt": "本文只做学术分享，如有侵权，联系删文", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[3]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "一睁眼，微信证实：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 492, "txt": "一睁眼，微信证实：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 7, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "已正式接入DeepSeek-R1，还是满血版！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 494, "txt": "已正式接入DeepSeek-R1，还是", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[5]"}, {"position_id": 496, "txt": "满血版", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[5]/strong"}, {"position_id": 498, "txt": "！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[5]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "使用路径非常简单：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 500, "txt": "使用路径非常简单：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "打开微信——点击搜索框——选择页面中部「AI搜索」——选择深度思考模式——用起来～", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 501, "txt": "打开微信——点击搜索框——选择页面中部「AI搜索」——选择深度思考模式——用起来～", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3izonP1jqclv1ZFJYT4sISJd.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 147, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3izonP1jqclv1ZFJYT4sISJd.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[7]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "生成后的结果还带有社交属性，可以分享转给朋友，或转发至朋友圈。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 503, "txt": "生成后的结果还", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[8]"}, {"position_id": 505, "txt": "带有社交属性，可以分享转给朋友，或转发至朋友圈", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[8]/strong"}, {"position_id": 507, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[8]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3sMKmQ2J0bvwcwl5U2d3oqk.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 151, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3sMKmQ2J0bvwcwl5U2d3oqk.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[9]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "此前不少人就呼吁，想要能把DeepSeek的答案一键分享，但夙愿未尝。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 509, "txt": "此前不少人就呼吁，想要能把DeepSeek的答案一键分享，但夙愿未尝。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[10]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "昨晚之前，几乎所有分享DeepSeek生成结果的方式，都是截图（由于它会展现推理过程，要截的图还特别长）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 510, "txt": "昨晚之前，几乎所有分享DeepSeek生成结果的方式，都是截图", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[10]"}, {"position_id": 512, "txt": "（由于它会展现推理过程，要截的图还特别长）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[10]/span"}, {"position_id": 514, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[10]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如今，这个需求终于是被微信实落实了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 516, "txt": "如今，这个需求终于是被微信实落实了。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2R5Ynx3mpuiNAdU9e1EAgm0.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 156, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2R5Ynx3mpuiNAdU9e1EAgm0.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[12]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "公众号“共识粉碎机”连夜计算，目前微信可支持5000万-1亿用户同时在线用户（同时在线，不是DAU）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 518, "txt": "公众号“共识粉碎机”连夜计算，目前微信可支持5000万-1亿用户同时在线用户", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[13]"}, {"position_id": 520, "txt": "（同时在线，不是DAU）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[13]/span"}, {"position_id": 522, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[13]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个数字，基本满足了微信首批Deepseek用户的用量，也超过了ChatGPT的同时在线用户。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 524, "txt": "这个数字，基本满足了微信首批Deepseek用户的用量，也", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[14]"}, {"position_id": 526, "txt": "超过了ChatGPT的同时在线用户", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[14]/strong"}, {"position_id": 528, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[14]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然还在灰度中，但这显然是腾讯继续全面拥抱DeepSeek的动作，而且真正直接上手可用。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 530, "txt": "虽然还在灰度中，但这显然是腾讯继续全面拥抱DeepSeek的动作，而且真正直接上手可用。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "好消息，量子位编辑就被首批灰度到了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 532, "txt": "好消息，量子位编辑就被首批灰度到了。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[16]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "喜大普奔，这不得实测走起？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 534, "txt": "喜大普奔，这不得实测走起？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "——", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 535, "txt": "——", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "实测微信接入DeepSeek", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 537, "txt": "实测微信接入DeepSeek", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/h2[1]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "目前微信的AI搜索提供两种模式：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 539, "txt": "目前微信的AI搜索提供两种模式：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "快速回答：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 541, "txt": "快速回答", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/ul/li[1]/p/strong"}, {"position_id": 543, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/ul/li[1]/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["li", "strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "生成简介答案，适合通用简单问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 544, "txt": "生成简介答案，适合通用简单问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/ul/li[1]/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong", "li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "深度思考：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 546, "txt": "深度思考", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/ul/li[2]/p/strong"}, {"position_id": 548, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/ul/li[2]/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["li", "strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek-R1作为模型支持，长思考、满回答，答案更全面、详细。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 549, "txt": "DeepSeek-R1作为模型支持，长思考、满回答，答案更全面、详细。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/ul/li[2]/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["li", "strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3IRU892hAJ8R38XS2jKOWq6.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 174, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3IRU892hAJ8R38XS2jKOWq6.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[19]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "因此要深入体验R1的，需要选择「深度思考模式」。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 551, "txt": "因此要深入体验R1的，需要选择「深度思考模式」。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[20]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "首先来看看它是否支持基本的联网模式。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 553, "txt": "首先来看看它是否支持基本的联网模式。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这两天，宇树机器人又整花活了，他们更新了跳舞视频，比春晚的更灵活也更惊艳，甚至惊呆了歪果仁。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 555, "txt": "这两天，宇树机器人又整花活了，他们更新了跳舞视频，比春晚的更灵活也更惊艳，甚至惊呆了歪果仁。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/25ZpNGCUrVn1lrMzD4oQPGp.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 179, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/25ZpNGCUrVn1lrMzD4oQPGp.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[23]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "将这个问题抛给微信：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 557, "txt": "将这个问题抛给微信：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "宇树机器人最新跳舞视频，跳的是什么舞。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 559, "txt": "宇树机器人最新跳舞视频，跳的是什么舞", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[24]/strong"}, {"position_id": 561, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[24]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "得到的答案是：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 563, "txt": "得到的答案是：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3NIAYM3sQL0P3dOvO23jklyI.gif", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 184, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3NIAYM3sQL0P3dOvO23jklyI.gif", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[26]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "它的反应没有什么卡顿，输出也很快。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 565, "txt": "它的反应没有什么卡顿，输出也很快。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "首先展现了它的推理过程，经过联网搜索判定这是2025年2月14日进展，然后考虑到用户对机器人感兴趣，提供了额外的信息，最终得到了以下的答案。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 566, "txt": "首先展现了它的推理过程，经过联网搜索判定这是", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[27]"}, {"position_id": 568, "txt": "2025年2月14日", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[27]/strong"}, {"position_id": 570, "txt": "进展，然后考虑到用户对机器人感兴趣，提供了额外的信息，最终得到了以下的答案。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[27]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2jw1Q04AvKr2mmm2N2TERJF.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 188, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2jw1Q04AvKr2mmm2N2TERJF.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[28]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "这里有个小bug，那就是思考过程与正式回答之间没有明显的区分，排版没有出来。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 572, "txt": "这里有个小bug，那就是思考过程与正式回答之间没有明显的区分，排版没有出来。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不过估计是因为灰度测试不是很稳定，之后就没有问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 573, "txt": "不过估计是因为灰度测试不是很稳定，之后就没有问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从它附上的10篇参考资料，前面7篇都来源于公众号。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 575, "txt": "从它附上的10篇参考资料，前面7篇都来源于", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[30]"}, {"position_id": 577, "txt": "公众号", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[30]/strong"}, {"position_id": 579, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[30]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这也证明这个AI搜索背后有着微信庞大内容生态来支撑。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 580, "txt": "这也证明这个AI搜索背后有着微信庞大内容生态来支撑。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[30]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/MXX0B3dO1oC2Z1nVO3VUKRN.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 193, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/MXX0B3dO1oC2Z1nVO3VUKRN.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[31]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "好了，基本的联网推理功能有了，那就来上些难度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 582, "txt": "好了，基本的联网推理功能有了，那就来上些难度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[32]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "之前大家用DeepSeek拿来整活的，无非有算命、人设创意写作等等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 584, "txt": "之前大家用DeepSeek拿来整活的，无非有算命、人设创意写作等等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "既然如此：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 586, "txt": "既然如此：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[34]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "请以辛弃疾的口吻，写一段以微信接入DeepSeek为主题的词。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 588, "txt": "请以辛弃疾的口吻，写一段以微信接入DeepSeek为主题的词。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/section[4]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在思考结束后，它会隐藏思考过程给出正式的答案，点击也可以随时展开。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 590, "txt": "在思考结束后，它会隐藏思考过程给出正式的答案，点击也可以随时展开。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3tlPjT1xRAs9vsgcs4dhzUS.gif", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 201, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3tlPjT1xRAs9vsgcs4dhzUS.gif", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[36]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "最后给出的答案如下：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 592, "txt": "最后给出的答案如下：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/Aij9b3ZObp83BlYh2vWYT6.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 204, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/Aij9b3ZObp83BlYh2vWYT6.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[38]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "在创作图的同时，还给出了注释，里面暗藏了不少玄机。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 594, "txt": "在创作图的同时，还给出了注释，里面暗藏了不少玄机。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "前半段代表着事件意义，「智开星汉」代表着双重含义，后半段透露了功能属性，比如调入微信生态数据。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 596, "txt": "前半段代表着事件意义，「智开星汉」代表着双重含义，后半段透露了功能属性，比如调入微信生态数据。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[40]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "回答完之后，它会给推荐相关问题，或者「再问一个问题」。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 598, "txt": "回答完之后，它会给推荐相关问题，或者「再问一个问题」。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2ht7n4mxcVf3YnL1alaFBS.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 209, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2ht7n4mxcVf3YnL1alaFBS.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[42]/img[1]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/Y3Irg3POJfmHL97O4pM9Ji.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 211, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/Y3Irg3POJfmHL97O4pM9Ji.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[42]/img[2]"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "如此一来，点击一个问题或者继续提问，是可以继续一直回答下去的（但是不支持结合上文连续回答）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 600, "txt": "如此一来，点击一个问题或者继续提问，是可以继续一直回答下去的（但是不支持结合上文连续回答）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而且只要不跳出，所有的问答都会在同一个界面里呈现。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 602, "txt": "而且只要不跳出，所有的问答都会在同一个界面里呈现。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[44]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/eq0Fo1i3kOv2BycSH2yiYNh.gif", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 215, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/eq0Fo1i3kOv2BycSH2yiYNh.gif", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[45]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "整体使用下来，因为在灰度测试以及体验窗口（仅支持手机端）的限制，有一些需要完善的地方。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 604, "txt": "整体使用下来，因为在灰度测试以及体验窗口", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[46]"}, {"position_id": 606, "txt": "（仅支持手机端）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[46]/span"}, {"position_id": 608, "txt": "的限制，有一些需要完善的地方。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[46]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如，仅支持手机端的搜索，分享给朋友及朋友圈的信息，无法在电脑端查看。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 610, "txt": "比如，仅支持手机端的搜索，分享给朋友及朋友圈的信息，无法在电脑端查看。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[47]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YicUhk5aAGtCiavzsmdEFeicPR5JuTXbT1bmGafAYaq3SSSdx8PJHoVlvBGFRiasXMgmf3CDnD4bLuG9z3KnjoPlXg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 220, "txt": "<img https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/YicUhk5aAGtCiavzsmdEFeicPR5JuTXbT1bmGafAYaq3SSSdx8PJHoVlvBGFRiasXMgmf3CDnD4bLuG9z3KnjoPlXg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[48]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "除此之外，答案没有官方那么多样化，应该也是受到了输出token的限制，也无法像官方那样——能找到历史问答以及结合上下文连续作答这种。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 612, "txt": "除此之外，答案没有官方那么多样化，应该也是受到了输出token的限制，也无法像官方那样——能找到历史问答以及结合上下文连续作答这种。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[49]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这样来看微信接入DeepSeek呈现的还是一种短平快的搜索方式，这也挺符合微信这种即时性、私域社交这样一个属性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 614, "txt": "这样来看微信接入DeepSeek呈现的还是一种", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[50]"}, {"position_id": 616, "txt": "短平快", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[50]/strong"}, {"position_id": 618, "txt": "的搜索方式，这也挺符合微信这种即时性、私域社交这样一个属性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[50]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当全球还在为AI入口焦头烂额的时候……", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 620, "txt": "当全球还在为AI入口焦头烂额的时候……", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/h2[2]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 95, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "微信接入DeepSeek，出现的效果是什么呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 622, "txt": "微信接入DeepSeek，出现的效果是什么呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[51]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 96, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一句话解释：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 624, "txt": "一句话解释：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[52]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当全球科技巨头还在为AI入口的争夺焦头烂额时，腾讯用一次看似轻巧的”生态嫁接”，被网友戏称“终结了AI搜索竞赛”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 626, "txt": "当全球科技巨头还在为AI入口的争夺焦头烂额时，腾讯用一次看似轻巧的”生态嫁接”，被网友戏称“终结了AI搜索竞赛”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[53]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "微信此举称得起这句褒奖吗？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 628, "txt": "微信此举称得起这句褒奖吗？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[54]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 99, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们一起来梳理一下。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 629, "txt": "我们一起来梳理一下。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[54]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 99, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "首先，肉测体感，同样接入DeepSeek-R1，在腾讯元宝用，就是比在微信用更快、更不卡。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 631, "txt": "首先，肉测体感，同样接入DeepSeek-R1，在腾讯元宝用，就是比在微信用更快、更不卡。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[55]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 100, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但这不重要。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 633, "txt": "但这不重要。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[56]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 101, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "重要的是微信接入DeepSeek-R1，是面对难以计量的广大DeepSeek用户，进行了一次零学习成本的入口设置。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 635, "txt": "重要的是微信接入DeepSeek-R1，是面对难以计量的广大DeepSeek用户，进行了一次零学习成本的入口设置。", "x": 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111, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3LWt7R2aLpby1ZixWH3jMYoa.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 245, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3LWt7R2aLpby1ZixWH3jMYoa.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[67]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "公众号“共识粉碎机”在最新推文中，称此举是“2C应用的转折点”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 661, "txt": "公众号“共识粉碎机”在最新推文中，称此举是“2C应用的转折点”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[68]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 113, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "里面还透露出一些信息：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 663, "txt": "里面还透露出一些信息：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[69]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 114, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1MHn6j2RGcrgkQKtb1m1xac.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 249, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1MHn6j2RGcrgkQKtb1m1xac.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[70]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 115, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "△截自公众号“共识粉碎机”推文《微信+Deepseek：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 665, "txt": "△", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/h6/strong"}, {"position_id": 667, "txt": "截自公众号“共识粉碎机”推文《微信+Deepseek：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/h6/strong"}]}, "tags": ["h6", "strong"], "label": 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"/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[72]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "One More Thing", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 674, "txt": "One More Thing", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/h2[3]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 119, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "昨天Perplexity免费推出Deep Research。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 676, "txt": "昨天Perplexity免费推出Deep Research。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[73]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 120, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在性能方面，用了最近考验AI推理能力大火的Humanity’s Last Exam（人类的最后考试），准确率达到了20.5%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 678, "txt": "在性能方面，用了最近考验AI推理能力大火的Humanity’s Last Exam", "x": 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63, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“他那么残忍的手段，不应该杀人偿命吗？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 421, "txt": "“他那么残忍的手段，不应该杀人偿命吗？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[27]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这是我们唯一的希望。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 422, "txt": "这是我们唯一的希望。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[27]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一审时，陈某及其辩护人辩称本案强奸罪系未遂，陈某构成自首，且该案属于间接故意杀人，请求从轻处罚。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 424, "txt": "一审时，陈某及其辩护人辩称本案强奸罪系未遂，陈某构成自首，且该案属于间接故意杀人，请求从轻处罚。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[28]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 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一审判决后检方抗诉称“量刑畸轻”
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Pushes FTC for Guidelines in Digital Purchasing ### Ubisoft Says Assassin’s Creed Shadows Leaked Footage Is Real ### Razer's Latest Gaming Laptop is an 18-Inch Powerhouse ### YouTube Ads Are Getting Slightly Less Annoying ### OnePlus Watch 3 Delayed Until April Due to Hilarious Issue ### League of Legends Will Backtrack on Unpopular Changes ### Copilot Now Provides Free Unlimited Access to OpenAI's o1 Model ### Hyperspace Cleans Up Your Mac's Storage Without Deleting Files ### AT&T and Verizon Are Testing Satellite-Powered Video Calls ### Adobe's New Cheapest Photoshop Plan Has a Big Catch ### Call of Duty Brings Advertisements to Player Killcams ### Microsoft is Testing Free Desktop Office Apps, But There's a Catch ### Some RTX 5080 Cards Are Also Defective ### SteamDB Will Help You Filter Out Steam's AI Games ### Adobe Photoshop Now Has a Full-featured Phone Version ### My Favorite Pokémon Show Is Free on YouTube Right Now ### This Phone Is More Camera Than Phone ### Sailfish OS Linux for Phones Gets 5.0 'Tampella' Update ### Google Drive Now Creates Transcripts and Captions for Your Videos ### Bing Is Copying Google Search's AI Overviews ### Hate QR Codes? Google Will Make You Scan One When You Log In ### This Intel CPU Has 86 Cores ### Microsoft’s Plans to Make Games With AI Don’t Sound Great ### Samsung Galaxy S25's First Update Is Rolling Out More Widely ### AT&T Will Finally Let You Split Bill Payments With People on Your Plan ### Google Gemini Can Generate Images of People Again ### The Budget OnePlus 12R Just Got a Permanant Price Cut ### Apple CarPlay Gets a Helpful Update in iOS 18.4 ### Nothing Officially Shows Off the Phone (3a) With Massive Camera Bump and LEDs ### Snipping Tool on Windows 11 Just Got a Much-Needed Feature ### Windows 11’s Search Is Getting an Upgrade ### Your Hard-To-Find RTX 5090 GPU Might Be Defective ### ASUS’ New Mouse Is an Essential Oil Diffuser (I’m Not Joking) ### Your iPhone Wants to Suggest Your Next Meal ### The Chromecast is Officially Dead ### A Huge Apple Vision Pro Update Arrives This April ## The Other Stuff
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"edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1GaN8K2uYTUblSJoY4EIqyf.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 68, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1GaN8K2uYTUblSJoY4EIqyf.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[1]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "电车界2月26日消息，第8周（2月17日至2月23日）新势力、新能源、豪华车榜单出炉，小鹏汽车以0.88万辆蝉联新势力冠军，比亚迪重现以往断崖式领先局面。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 178, "txt": "电车界", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 180, "txt": "2月26日消息，第8周（2月17日至2月23日）新势力、新能源、豪华车榜单出炉，小鹏汽车以0.88万辆蝉联新势力冠军，比亚迪重现以往断崖式领先局面。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 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"x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "值得注意的是，小鹏、理想和零跑汽车都较第7周销量有小幅上涨，小米汽车却下滑500辆。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 186, "txt": "值得注意的是，小鹏、理想和零跑汽车都较第7周销量有小幅上涨，小米汽车却下滑500辆。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一般而言，过年后的产能和销量都会较过年期间有所提升。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 188, "txt": "一般而言，过年后的产能和销量都会较过年期间有所提升。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "电车界猜测，作为目前小米唯一在售车型SU7，交付量下滑，很有可能在为即将正式发布的小米SU7 Ultra让出了部分产能，以供门店铺货及媒体试驾车使用。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 189, "txt": "电车界猜测，作为目前小米唯一在售车型SU7，交付量下滑，很有可能在为即将正式发布的小米SU7 Ultra让出了部分产能，以供门店铺货及媒体试驾车使用。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3RXXlN1o4egT2ikZWB6kugM.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 87, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3RXXlN1o4egT2ikZWB6kugM.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "本周极氪和问界排位调换，腾势和蔚来位置调换，新势力TOP10销量入围门槛提升至2300辆。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 191, "txt": "本周极氪和问界排位调换，腾势和蔚来位置调换，新势力TOP10销量入围门槛提升至2300辆。", "x": 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{"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3WzLgIqra3E43aXf02LVV6b.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 89, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3WzLgIqra3E43aXf02LVV6b.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[3]/section/section/p[1]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1/4", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 756, "txt": "1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/section[1]/section[2]/p"}, {"position_id": 758, "txt": "/4", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/section[1]/section[2]/p/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "全球黄金大战", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 760, "txt": "全球黄金大战", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "黄金首先是货币，其次才是商品，投资黄金时必须理解，当一种商品成为货币后，它的价值取决于使用者的网络效应，而非商品本身的价值。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 762, "txt": "黄金首先是货币，其次才是商品，投资黄金时必须理解，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 764, "txt": "当一种商品成为货币后，它的价值取决于使用者的网络效应，而非商品本身的价值。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[1]/span[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在这个系列的第一篇《如果世界重新回到“金本位”，这个国家将成最大赢家，但是……", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 766, "txt": "在这个系列的第一篇《", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[3]/span"}, {"position_id": 768, "txt": "如果世界重新回到“金本位”，这个国家将成最大赢家，但是……", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[3]/span/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "》中，我假设了当前世界还处于绝对严格的“金本位”情况，即：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 770, "txt": "》中，我假设了当前世界还处于绝对严格的“金本位”情况，即：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[3]/span/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1、所有主权货币以固定价格兑换黄金，", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 772, "txt": "1、所有主权货币以固定价格兑换黄金，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[5]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2、政府承诺可以无限制地用法币兑换黄金。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 774, "txt": "2、政府承诺可以无限制地用法币兑换黄金。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[6]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在这一假设下，任何一次经济波动、自然灾害都会引发黄金短缺和金价暴涨，各国所有的货币政策，都建立在足额的黄金之上，如果像中国这样的大国对外贸易持续几十年的顺差，全世界的黄金都会运到中国来（具体阐述参见上一篇）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 776, "txt": "在这一假设下，任何一次经济波动、自然灾害都会引发黄金短缺和金价暴涨", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[8]/span"}, {"position_id": 778, "txt": "，各国所有的货币政策，都建立在足额的黄金之上", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[8]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 780, "txt": "，如果像中国这样的大国对外贸易持续几十年的顺差，全世界的黄金都会运到中国来（具体阐述参见上一篇）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[8]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在这个架空历史的金本位制下，持有黄金成为经济增长的前提，黄金就是各国的核心战略资源，民间将不允许自由持有黄金，但问题在于，金本位的前提是可以自由兑换黄金，所以更可能出现的结果是，民众可以兑换黄金，但只能放在政府保管的金库里，不得出境。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 782, "txt": "在这个架空历史的金本位制下，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[10]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 784, "txt": "持有黄金成为经济增长的前提，黄金就是各国的核心战略资源", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[10]/span[2]/strong"}, {"position_id": 786, "txt": "，民间将不允许自由持有黄金，但问题在于，金本位的前提是可以自由兑换黄金，所以更可能出现的结果是，民众可以兑换黄金，但只能放在政府保管的金库里，不得出境。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[10]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "为了获得更多的黄金，金矿开采业将成为一国战略行业，地球上每一颗含黄金的矿床都会成为战略资产，不过，为了开采高成本的矿床，政府仍然会允许民间采矿，只是会建立更严格的收购制度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 788, "txt": "为了获得更多的黄金，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[12]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 790, "txt": "金矿开采业将成为一国战略行业", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[12]/span[2]/strong"}, {"position_id": 792, "txt": "，地球上每一颗含黄金的矿床都会成为战略资产，不过，为了开采高成本的矿床，政府仍然会允许民间采矿，只是会建立更严格的收购制度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[12]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "金本位将会加剧全球各国的贫富差距，那些拥有大量黄金储备的国家将会处于优势地位，而缺乏黄金的国家可能会面临更大的经济压力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 794, "txt": "金本位将会加剧全球各国的贫富差距，那些拥有大量黄金储备的国家将会处于优势地位，而缺乏黄金的国家可能会面临更大的经济压力。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[14]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一些缺金大国会铤而走险，通过侵略战争掠夺黄金资源。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 796, "txt": "一些缺金大国会铤而走险，通过侵略战争掠夺黄金资源。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但战争无法通过货币超发来进行财政支持，会很快消耗黄金储备，结果要么停战，要么放弃金本位，但这就等于国际国内的信用丧失……", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 797, "txt": "但战争无法通过货币超发来进行财政支持，会很快消耗黄金储备，结果要么停战，要么放弃金本位，但这就等于国际国内的信用丧失……", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "，所以在金本位制下，要么不打仗，要么世界大战。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 798, "txt": "，所以在金本位制下，要么不打仗，要么世界大战。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3YKv6n1UNFcC2sc0jXpWAwf.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 159, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3YKv6n1UNFcC2sc0jXpWAwf.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[18]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "很多人会说，金本位在历史真实存在过，并没有发生这么极端的变化啊？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 800, "txt": "很多人会说，金本位在历史真实存在过，并没有发生这么极端的变化啊？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[20]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "是的，实际历史中，国家不会被“金本位”的条条框框所束缚，总是尝试操纵货币，以维持政府的统治，所以我们更容易从历史中总结政治军事方面的经验，货币总是作为暗线被忽略。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 802, "txt": "是的，实际历史中，国家不会被“金本位”的条条框框所束缚，总是尝试操纵货币，以维持政府的统治，所以", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[22]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 804, "txt": "我们更容易从历史中总结政治军事方面的经验，货币总是作为暗线被忽略。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[22]/span[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那么真实历史中，黄金是如何发挥作用的？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 806, "txt": "那么真实历史中，黄金是如何发挥作用的？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[24]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一作用现在是否完全消失？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 807, "txt": "这一作用现在是否完全消失？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[24]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“理解黄金投资系列”第二篇，就来探讨一下这个问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 808, "txt": "“", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[24]/span"}, {"position_id": 810, "txt": "理解", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[24]/span/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 812, "txt": "黄金投资系列", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[24]/span/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 814, "txt": "”第二篇，就来探讨一下这个问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/section/section/p[24]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2/4", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 816, "txt": "2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/section[1]/section[2]/p/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 818, "txt": "/4", "x": 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"global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在黄金猛涨的近十几年，金银比也在上升，即白银相对于黄金也在掉价，而这样的事，历史上多次发生，每一次都引发社会与经济的大动荡，从明朝开始就不断影响中国。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 824, "txt": "在黄金猛涨的近十几年，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[4]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 826, "txt": "金银比也在上升，即白银相对于黄金也在掉价", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[4]/span[2]/strong"}, {"position_id": 828, "txt": "，而这样的事，历史上多次发生，每一次都引发社会与经济的大动荡，从明朝开始就不断影响中国。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[4]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "《金瓶梅》是明代社会的“清明上河图”，主人公西门庆作为当时富商阶层的代表，不仅经营生药铺，还开设了缎子铺、绸绢铺、绒线铺、解当铺等，并从事各种长途贩运业务，比如派人到江南地区采购丝绸、布匹等商品，再运回北方销售，最后积累了巨额财富。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 830, "txt": "《金瓶梅》是明代社会的“清明上河图”，主人公", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[6]/span"}, {"position_id": 832, "txt": "西门庆", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[6]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 834, "txt": "作为当时富商阶层的代表，不仅经营生药铺，还开设了缎子铺、绸绢铺、绒线铺、解当铺等，并从事各种长途贩运业务，比如派人到江南地区采购丝绸、布匹等商品，再运回北方销售，最后积累了巨额财富。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[6]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "商业活动自古有之，而明朝的社会管理很严格，绝大部分百姓都被束缚在土地上，为什么明朝后期的商业如此发达呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 836, "txt": "商业活动自古有之，而明朝的社会管理很严格，绝大部分百姓都被束缚在土地上，为什么明朝后期的商业如此发达呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[8]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "理解这一点，要先知道之前贸易的那些限制条件。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 838, "txt": "理解这一点，要先知道之前贸易的那些限制条件。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[10]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "假设一件南方出产的特色商品，在当地只要十文，但北方可以卖到五十文，看上去从南方运到北方卖有利可图，但实际有很多困难：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 839, "txt": "假设一件南方出产的特色商品，在当地只要十文，但北方可以卖到五十文，看上去从南方运到北方卖有利可图，但实际有很多困难：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[10]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "首先，南北路途遥远，费用不菲，量大才有利可图，该商人要先筹集大量资金收购，铜钱不方便，需要价值更高的白银。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 841, "txt": "首先，南北路途遥远，费用不菲，量大才有利可图，该商人要先筹集大量资金收购，铜钱不方便，需要价值更高的白银。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[12]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其次，产品变成商品，背后需要更多货币购买力的支持，十文的商品卖到五十文，相当于需要五倍的货币量，要更多的白银。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 843, "txt": "其次，产品变成商品，背后需要更多货币购买力的支持，十文的商品卖到五十文，相当于需要五倍的货币量，要更多的白银。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[14]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "最后，赚到的白银运回南方非常危险，需要存入票号，到南方再取出来，票号为了保证兑付，还需要更多的白银。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 845, "txt": "最后，赚到的白银运回南方非常危险，需要存入票号，到南方再取出来，票号为了保证兑付，还需要更多的白银。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "货币量与经济活动有直接的关系，这就是经济学中的费雪方程式：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 847, "txt": "货币量与经济活动有直接的关系，这就是经济学中的", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[18]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 849, "txt": "费雪方程式：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[18]/span[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "M（流通货币数量）×V（货币流通速度） = P（商品价格）×T（商品数量）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 851, "txt": "M（流通货币数量）×V（货币流通速度） = P（商品价格）×T（商品数量）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[20]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "先看等式右边，古代生产力发展较为低下的阶段，商品数量的增加由人口增加引发，和平时期，人口总是增加的，元未1000万人，到了明朝中后期近2亿人，即使商品价格不变，等式也会增长十几倍。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 853, "txt": "先看等式右边，古代生产力发展较为低下的阶段，商品数量的增加由人口增加引发，和平时期，人口总是增加的，元未1000万人，到了明朝中后期近2亿人，即使商品价格不变，等式也会增长十几倍。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[22]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "等式左边的“货币流通速度”与收入与消费水平、经济繁荣周期、利率等因素正相关，古代正常情况下也不会变，唯一容易人为控制的因素是“流通货币数量”，所以货币发行量是这个国家商品流通水平的限制和促进因素。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 855, "txt": "等式左边的“货币流通速度”与收入与消费水平、经济繁荣周期、利率等因素正相关，古代正常情况下也不会变，唯一容易人为控制的因素是“流通货币数量”，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[24]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 857, "txt": "所以货币发行量是这个国家商品流通水平的限制和促进因素。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[24]/span[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中国在明之前的货币是铜钱、铁钱等贱金属，好处是铸造方便，但受限于官方垄断货币发行，铸造水平低下，成色不足，货币供给不足造成的通缩是古代的长期困扰。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 859, "txt": "中国在明之前的货币是铜钱、铁钱等贱金属，好处是铸造方便，但受限于官方垄断货币发行，铸造水平低下，成色不足，货币供给不足造成的通缩是古代的长期困扰。", "x": 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"x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[30]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，日本也发明了新的白银开采技术，导致输出量大增，合力导致明朝流通的白银最多时增加了4倍。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 864, "txt": "同时，日本也发明了新的白银开采技术，导致输出量大增，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[30]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 866, "txt": "合力导致明朝流通的白银最多时增加了4倍。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[30]/span[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有了足够的白银，张居正开始实施一条鞭法，把各种“税赋役征”折为白银合并征收，白银也最终成为官方货币，形成了明的“银铜货币”时代，银用于大额交易、税收，日常生活多用铜钱，银铜价格市场化浮动。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": 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"然而，明朝的生产技术并没有获得明显提高，大量财富不能转化为生产力的进步，而是用于消费、土地购买和窖藏。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[38]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "根据费雪公式，生产力并没有大飞越，普通人收入并没有大幅增长（V不娈），商品丰富程度并没有大大增加（T不变），唯一改变的就是左边的货币供应量（M增长）和右边的价格（P增长），即现在所说的资产泡沫。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 892, "txt": "根据费雪公式，生产力并没有大飞越，普通人收入并没有大幅增长（V不娈），商品丰富程度并没有大大增加（T不变），", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[40]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 894, "txt": "唯一改变的就是左边的货币供应量（M增长）和右边的价格（P增长），即现在所说的资产泡沫。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[40]/span[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "闭关锁国的明朝，在不知不觉中，通过白银把自己与全球动荡的贸易和金融体系相捆绑，引进了这个中国历史上从未出现过的输入型金融危机，且反复发作。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 896, "txt": "闭关锁国的明朝，在不知不觉中，通过白银把自己与全球动荡的贸易和金融体系相捆绑，引进了这个中国历史上从未出现过的输入型金融危机，且反复发作。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[42]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "白银的兴起，缘于西班牙的全球霸权，而西班牙的衰落，白银贸易量也不稳定，与此同时，德川家康结束了日本战乱，军费下降，日本开始限制白银流出。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 898, "txt": "白银的兴起，缘于西班牙的全球霸权，而西班牙的衰落，白银贸易量也不稳定，与此同时，德川家康结束了日本战乱，军费下降，日本开始限制白银流出。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[44]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "明末，全球白银价格都在大起大落，白银不再稳定流入，当白银短缺，价格上涨时，出现“银贵铜贱”的通缩，商人破产，经济活动下降，由于税收征银，而普通百姓的收入主要是铜钱，造成实际税赋的增长，日益破产；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 900, "txt": "明末，全球白银价格都在大起大落，白银不再稳定流入，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[46]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 902, "txt": "当白银短缺，价格上涨时，出现“银贵铜贱”的通缩，商人破产，经济活动下降", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[46]/span[2]/strong"}, {"position_id": 904, "txt": "，由于税收征银，而普通百姓的收入主要是铜钱，造成实际税赋的增长，日益破产；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[46]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而当银价下跌时，银贱铜贵，通胀加剧，官员的俸禄发白银，造成官员的实际收入下降，不得不加大贪污力度，搜刮百姓，掏空财政。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 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{"atoms": [{"position_id": 912, "txt": "前者引发边防崩溃，后者导致民变纷起，两者合力，明朝成为中国第一个崩溃的白银帝国。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[52]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "白银涨，百姓苦，白银跌，百姓苦。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 914, "txt": "白银涨，百姓苦，白银跌，百姓苦。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[54]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "原因在于白银开采和存世量大，不再是贵金属，币值不稳，实际上不再适合作为货币，百姓作为经济最脆弱的一环、权力最底部，就会遭受更大的压力，导致整个社会动荡。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 915, "txt": "原因在于", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[54]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 917, "txt": "白银开采和存世量大，不再是贵金属，币值不稳，实际上不再适合作为货币", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[54]/span[2]/strong"}, {"position_id": 919, "txt": "，百姓作为经济最脆弱的一环、权力最底部，就会遭受更大的压力，导致整个社会动荡。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[54]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "实际上，16~17世纪全球各国都饱受银价波动之苦，开始将目光投向价值更稳定的黄金，1727年，掌管铸币局的牛顿看到了白银作为货币的先天缺陷，决定绕开银币，将黄金与英镑直接挂钩，黄金价格定为每盎司3英镑17先令10.5便士。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 921, "txt": "实际上，16~17世纪全球各国都饱受银价波动之苦，开始将目光投向价值更稳定的黄金，1727年，掌管铸币局的牛顿看到了白银作为货币的先天缺陷，决定绕开银币，将黄金与英镑直接挂钩，黄金价格定为每盎司3英镑17先令10.5便士。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[56]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "牛顿并非金本位的发明者，英国于1816年才正式转为金本位制，但他的方法让英磅成为第一个与黄金挂钩的世界货币，成为事实上的金本位制，对现代金融体系的作用完全可以和那个苹果相提并论。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 923, "txt": "牛顿并非金本位的发明者，英国于1816年才正式转为金本位制，但", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[58]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 925, "txt": "他的方法让英磅成为第一个与黄金挂钩的世界货币，成为事实上的金本位制", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[58]/span[2]/strong"}, {"position_id": 927, "txt": "，对现代金融体系的作用完全可以和那个苹果相提并论。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[58]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而中国经历了明清改朝后，币制上竟然全盘照搬明制，所谓“康乾盛世”，刚好是白银通过贸易顺差流入中国，导致货币量大增的经济泡沫，普通百姓的生活水平和社会生产力并没有增加。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 929, "txt": "而中国经历了明清改朝后，币制上竟然全盘照搬明制，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[60]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 931, "txt": "所谓“康乾盛世”，刚好是白银通过贸易顺差流入中国，导致货币量大增的经济泡沫", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[60]/span[2]/strong"}, {"position_id": 933, "txt": "，普通百姓的生活水平和社会生产力并没有增加。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[60]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2tyYYn3XCkqu1BFOej1PPXxr.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 361, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2tyYYn3XCkqu1BFOej1PPXxr.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[62]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "而英国为了改变贸易逆差，向中国大量输出鸦片，导致从19世纪开始，白银再度大量流失，从鸦片战争前的奏折看，相比鸦片本身的危害，清政府禁烟更在意的是白银流失导致的与明末类似的经济问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 935, "txt": "而英国为了改变贸易逆差，向中国大量输出鸦片，导致从19世纪开始，白银再度大量流失，从鸦片战争前的奏折看，相比鸦片本身的危害，清政府禁烟更在意的是白银流失导致的与明末类似的经济问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[64]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中国的第二个白银帝国同样无法避免衰退的命运。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 937, "txt": "中国的第二个白银帝国同样无法避免衰退的命运。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[66]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那么，黄金到底有什么优势，可以克服白银价格波动造成的问题呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 939, "txt": "那么，黄金到底有什么优势，可以克服白银价格波动造成的问题呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[1]/section/section/p[68]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3/4", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 941, "txt": "3", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/section[1]/section[2]/p/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 943, "txt": "/4", "x": 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"银本位、金银复本位，到金本位的转变，这是生产力发展到一个新的量级的必然结果。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[2]/span[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 96, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "15~17世纪，世界经济增长主要是靠贸易，白银在全球大部分地区都可接受，同等价值的重量又比铜币轻，运输成本低。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 951, "txt": "15~17世纪，世界经济增长主要是靠贸易，白银在全球大部分地区都可接受，同等价值的", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[4]/span/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 953, "txt": "重量又比", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[4]/span/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 955, "txt": "铜币轻，运输成本低。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[4]/span/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从费雪方程式看，如果全球的生产力水平发生比较大的进步，那就需要货币供应量同步上升，刚好当时发现了南美洲银矿。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 957, "txt": "从费雪方程式看，如果全球的生产力水平发生比较大的进步，那就需要货币供应量同步上升，刚好当时发现了南美洲银矿。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "相比之下，黄金的开采量和开采技术并没有很快的提升，这是贱金属货币先变成银本位而不是金本位的直接原因。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 958, "txt": "相比之下，黄金的开采量和开采技术并没有很快的提升，这是贱金属货币先变成银本位而不是金本位的直接原因。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但到了18世纪的英国工业革命之后，白银的缺点也暴露出来。", "language": 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"如果你穿越到1920年代的中国，会发现社会上流通着各种货币，各有用处：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 990, "txt": "如果你穿越到1920年代的中国，会发现社会上流通着各种货币，各有用处：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[24]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 109, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "银元用于大额交易", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 992, "txt": "银元用于大额交易", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[26]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 110, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "铜钱用于日常交易", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 994, "txt": "铜钱用于日常交易", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[27]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 111, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "民国政府发行的纸币，从政府渠道得到的只有这个", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 996, "txt": "民国政府发行的纸币，从政府渠道得到的只有这个", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[28]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "地方军阀发行的纸币，拿到手要赶紧花掉", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 998, "txt": "地方军阀发行的纸币，拿到手要赶紧花掉", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[29]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 113, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "沿海更受欢迎的是和黄金持钩的币值稳定的美元、英镑和日圆", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1000, "txt": "沿海更受欢迎的是和黄金持钩的币值稳定的美元、英镑和日圆", "x": 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"货币有天然的排它性，只要一个比另一个波动大，就会造成投机，只要黄金在，白银早晚会倒。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1071, "txt": "货币有天然的排它性，只要一个比另一个波动大，就会造成投机，只要黄金在，白银早晚会倒。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[72]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 148, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "白银倒了，下一个会是美元吗？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1073, "txt": "白银倒了，下一个会是美元吗？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[74]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 149, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "黄金的暴涨，是美元危机，或者说是全球信用货币的危机，从大历史的角度，这是周期性出现的现象，而从当代货币体系的角度，就是“特里芬难题”，本系列的最后一篇，就聊一聊这个话题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1075, "txt": "黄金的暴涨，是美元危机，或者说是全球信用货币的危机，从大历史的角度，这是周期性出现的现象，而从当代货币体系的角度，就是“特里芬难题”，本系列的最后一篇，就聊一聊这个话题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[76]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 150, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "——钢大的财富新思维圈子——", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1077, "txt": "——钢", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[78]/strong/span/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1079, "txt": "大的财富新思维圈子——", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[78]/strong/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 151, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "近两年全球股市上涨、商品通胀、黄金暴涨、航运暴涨，资本转移……", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1081, 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"txt": "我的“", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[80]/span[4]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1090, "txt": "钢大的财富新思维圈子", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[80]/span[4]/strong/span[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 1092, "txt": "”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[80]/span[4]/strong/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1094, "txt": "，这是一个以全球宏观分析与资产配置方案为特色的圈子，每天更新全球各大类资产观点，定期更新全球资产配置方案。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[80]/span[4]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 152, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "新圈子主要提供以下五大类内容：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1096, "txt": "新圈子主要提供以下五大类内容：", 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"O", "web_segment_id": 158, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "文章比较长了，更具体的介绍，可以看招募文章：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1108, "txt": "文章比较长了，更具体的介绍，可以看", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[90]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1110, "txt": "招募文章：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/p[90]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 159, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "《赚翻了的“渡边太太”，会在中国重演吗？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1112, "txt": "《", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section/section/section[2]/section/section/h1/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 1114, "txt": "赚翻了的“渡边太太”，会在中国重演吗？", "x": 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3/4银衰金兴 ### 4/4黄金时代
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"/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[16]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2201, "txt": " switch - for example ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[16]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2203, "txt": "uv run sizer.py --model sonnet", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[16]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 2205, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[16]/code[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Combining Agents and using MCP Servers", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2207, "txt": "Combining Agents and using MCP 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"/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[13]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2294, "txt": "name", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[14]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2296, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[14]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2298, "txt": "\"post_writer\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[14]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2300, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[14]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2302, "txt": "sequence", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[15]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2304, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[15]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2306, "txt": "[", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[15]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2308, "txt": "\"url_fetcher\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[15]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2310, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[15]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2312, "txt": "\"social_media\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[15]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2314, "txt": "],", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[15]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2316, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[16]"}, {"position_id": 2318, "txt": "async", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[17]"}, {"position_id": 2320, "txt": "def", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[18]"}, {"position_id": 2322, "txt": "main", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[19]"}, {"position_id": 2324, "txt": "():", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " asyncwithfast.run() asagent:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2325, "txt": "\n ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[19]"}, {"position_id": 2327, "txt": "async", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[20]"}, {"position_id": 2329, "txt": "with", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[21]"}, {"position_id": 2331, "txt": "fast", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[22]"}, {"position_id": 2333, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[22]"}, {"position_id": 2335, "txt": "run", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[23]"}, {"position_id": 2337, "txt": "() ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[23]"}, {"position_id": 2339, "txt": "as", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[24]"}, {"position_id": 2341, "txt": "agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[25]"}, {"position_id": 2343, "txt": ":", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " # using chain workflowawaitagent.post_writer(\"http://llmindset.co.uk\")", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2344, "txt": "\n ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[25]"}, {"position_id": 2346, "txt": "# using chain workflow", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[26]"}, {"position_id": 2348, "txt": "await", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[27]"}, {"position_id": 2350, "txt": "agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[28]"}, {"position_id": 2352, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[28]"}, {"position_id": 2354, "txt": "post_writer", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[29]"}, {"position_id": 2356, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[29]"}, {"position_id": 2358, "txt": "\"http://llmindset.co.uk\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[30]"}, {"position_id": 2360, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[14]/pre/span[30]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "All Agents and Workflows respond to .send(\"message\") or .prompt() to begin a chat session.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2362, "txt": "All Agents and Workflows respond to ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[19]"}, {"position_id": 2364, "txt": ".send(\"message\")", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[19]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2366, "txt": " or ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[19]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2368, "txt": ".prompt()", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[19]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 2370, "txt": " to begin a chat session.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[19]/code[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Saved as social.py we can now run this workflow from the command line with:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2372, "txt": "Saved as ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[20]"}, {"position_id": 2374, "txt": "social.py", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[20]/code"}, {"position_id": 2376, "txt": " we can now run this workflow from the command line with:", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[20]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "uv run workflow/chaining.py --agent post_writer --message \"<url>\"", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2378, "txt": "uv run workflow/chaining.py --agent post_writer --message ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[15]/pre"}, {"position_id": 2380, "txt": "\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[15]/pre/span/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2382, "txt": "<url>", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[15]/pre/span/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2384, "txt": "\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[15]/pre/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Add the --quiet switch to disable progress and message display and return only the final response - useful for simple automations.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2386, "txt": "Add the ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[21]"}, {"position_id": 2388, "txt": "--quiet", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[21]/code"}, {"position_id": 2390, "txt": " switch to disable progress and message display and return only the final response - useful for simple automations.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[21]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Workflows", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2392, "txt": "Workflows", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[16]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Chain", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2394, "txt": "Chain", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[17]/h3"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The chain workflow offers a more declarative approach to calling Agents in sequence:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2396, "txt": "The ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[22]"}, {"position_id": 2398, "txt": "chain", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[22]/code"}, {"position_id": 2400, "txt": " workflow offers a more declarative approach to calling Agents in sequence:", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[22]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "@fast.chain(\"post_writer\",sequence=[\"url_fetcher\",\"social_media\"])# we can them prompt it directly:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2402, "txt": "@", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2404, "txt": "fast", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2406, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2408, "txt": "chain", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2410, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2412, "txt": "\"post_writer\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[2]/span"}, {"position_id": 2414, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[2]/span"}, {"position_id": 2416, "txt": "sequence", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[3]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2418, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2420, "txt": "[", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2422, "txt": "\"url_fetcher\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2424, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2426, "txt": "\"social_media\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2428, "txt": "]", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2430, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2432, "txt": "# we can them prompt it directly:", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[18]/pre/span[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", 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"/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[26]/pre/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2846, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[26]/pre/span[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Look at the router.py workflow for an example.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2848, "txt": "Look at the ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[36]"}, {"position_id": 2850, "txt": "router.py", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[36]/code"}, {"position_id": 2852, "txt": " workflow for an example.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[36]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Orchestrator", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2854, "txt": "Orchestrator", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[27]/h3"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Given a complex task, the Orchestrator uses an LLM to generate a plan to divide the task amongst the available Agents.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2856, "txt": "Given a complex task, the Orchestrator uses an LLM to generate a plan to divide the task amongst the available Agents.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The planning and aggregation prompts are generated by the Orchestrator, which benefits from using more capable models.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2857, "txt": " The planning and aggregation prompts are generated by the Orchestrator, which benefits from using more capable models.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Plans can either be built once at the beginning (plantype=\"full\") or iteratively (plantype=\"iterative\").", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2858, "txt": " Plans can either be built once at the beginning (", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[37]"}, {"position_id": 2860, "txt": "plantype=\"full\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[37]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2862, "txt": ") or iteratively (", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[37]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2864, "txt": "plantype=\"iterative\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[37]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 2866, "txt": ").", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[37]/code[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "@fast.orchestrator(name=\"orchestrate\"agents=[\"task1\",\"task2\",\"task3\"])", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2868, "txt": "@", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2870, "txt": "fast", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2872, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2874, "txt": "orchestrator", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2876, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2878, "txt": "name", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[2]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2880, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[2]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2882, "txt": "\"orchestrate\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[2]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2884, "txt": "agents", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[3]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2886, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2888, "txt": "[", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2890, "txt": "\"task1\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2892, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2894, "txt": "\"task2\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2896, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2898, "txt": "\"task3\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[3]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 2900, "txt": "]", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[3]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 2902, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[28]/pre/span[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "See the orchestrator.py or agent_build.py workflow example.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2904, "txt": "See the ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[38]"}, {"position_id": 2906, "txt": "orchestrator.py", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[38]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2908, "txt": " or ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[38]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2910, "txt": "agent_build.py", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[38]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 2912, "txt": " workflow example.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[38]/code[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Agent Features", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2914, "txt": "Agent Features", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[29]/h2"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Calling Agents", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2916, "txt": "Calling Agents", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[30]/h3"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "All definitions allow omitting the name and instructions arguments for brevity:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2918, "txt": "All definitions allow omitting the name and instructions arguments for brevity:", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "@fast.agent(\"You are a helpful agent\") # Create an agent with a default [email protected](\"greeter\",\"Respond cheerfully!\") # Create an agent with the name \"greeter\"moon_size=awaitagent(\"the moon\") # Call the default (first defined agent) with a messageresult=awaitagent.greeter(\"Good morning!\") # Send a message to an agent by name using dot notationresult=awaitagent.greeter.send(\"Hello!\") # You can call 'send' explicitlyawaitagent.greeter() # If no message is specified, a chat session will openawaitagent.greeter.prompt() # that can be made more explicitawaitagent.greeter.prompt(default_prompt=\"OK\") # and supports setting a default promptagent[\"greeter\"].send(\"Good Evening!\") # Dictionary access is supported if preferred", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2920, "txt": "@", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2922, "txt": "fast", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2924, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2926, "txt": "agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2928, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2930, "txt": "\"You are a helpful agent\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[1]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2932, "txt": ") ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[1]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2934, "txt": "# Create an agent with a default name.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[1]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2936, "txt": "@", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2938, "txt": "fast", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[2]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2940, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[2]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2942, "txt": "agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[2]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2944, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[2]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2946, "txt": "\"greeter\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[2]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2948, "txt": ",", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[2]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2950, "txt": "\"Respond cheerfully!\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[2]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2952, "txt": ") ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[2]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2954, "txt": "# Create an agent with the name \"greeter\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[2]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 2956, "txt": "moon_size", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2958, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2960, "txt": "await", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 2962, "txt": "agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 2964, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 2966, "txt": "\"the moon\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 2968, "txt": ") ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 2970, "txt": "# Call the default (first defined agent) with a message", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[8]"}, {"position_id": 2972, "txt": "result", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 2974, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 2976, "txt": "await", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[11]"}, {"position_id": 2978, "txt": "agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 2980, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 2982, "txt": "greeter", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[13]"}, {"position_id": 2984, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[13]"}, {"position_id": 2986, "txt": "\"Good morning!\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[14]"}, {"position_id": 2988, "txt": ") ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[14]"}, {"position_id": 2990, "txt": "# Send a message to an agent by name using dot notation", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[15]"}, {"position_id": 2992, "txt": "result", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[16]"}, {"position_id": 2994, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[17]"}, {"position_id": 2996, "txt": "await", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[18]"}, {"position_id": 2998, "txt": "agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[19]"}, {"position_id": 3000, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[19]"}, {"position_id": 3002, "txt": "greeter", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[20]"}, {"position_id": 3004, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[20]"}, {"position_id": 3006, "txt": "send", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[21]"}, {"position_id": 3008, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[21]"}, {"position_id": 3010, "txt": "\"Hello!\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[22]"}, {"position_id": 3012, "txt": ") ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[22]"}, {"position_id": 3014, "txt": "# You can call 'send' explicitly", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[23]"}, {"position_id": 3016, "txt": "await", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[24]"}, {"position_id": 3018, "txt": "agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[25]"}, {"position_id": 3020, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[25]"}, {"position_id": 3022, "txt": "greeter", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[26]"}, {"position_id": 3024, "txt": "() ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[26]"}, {"position_id": 3026, "txt": "# If no message is specified, a chat session will open", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[27]"}, {"position_id": 3028, "txt": "await", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[28]"}, {"position_id": 3030, "txt": "agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[29]"}, {"position_id": 3032, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[29]"}, {"position_id": 3034, "txt": "greeter", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[30]"}, {"position_id": 3036, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[30]"}, {"position_id": 3038, "txt": "prompt", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[31]"}, {"position_id": 3040, "txt": "() ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[31]"}, {"position_id": 3042, "txt": "# that can be made more explicit", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[32]"}, {"position_id": 3044, "txt": "await", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[33]"}, {"position_id": 3046, "txt": "agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[34]"}, {"position_id": 3048, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[34]"}, {"position_id": 3050, "txt": "greeter", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[35]"}, {"position_id": 3052, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[35]"}, {"position_id": 3054, "txt": "prompt", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[36]"}, {"position_id": 3056, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[36]"}, {"position_id": 3058, "txt": "default_prompt", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[37]"}, {"position_id": 3060, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[38]"}, {"position_id": 3062, "txt": "\"OK\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[39]"}, {"position_id": 3064, "txt": ") ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[39]"}, {"position_id": 3066, "txt": "# and supports setting a default prompt", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[40]"}, {"position_id": 3068, "txt": "agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[41]"}, {"position_id": 3070, "txt": "[", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[41]"}, {"position_id": 3072, "txt": "\"greeter\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[42]"}, {"position_id": 3074, "txt": "].", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[42]"}, {"position_id": 3076, "txt": "send", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[43]"}, {"position_id": 3078, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[43]"}, {"position_id": 3080, "txt": "\"Good Evening!\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[44]"}, {"position_id": 3082, "txt": ") ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[44]"}, {"position_id": 3084, "txt": "# Dictionary access is supported if preferred", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[31]/pre/span[45]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Defining Agents", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3086, "txt": "Defining Agents", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[32]/h3"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Basic Agent", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3088, "txt": "Basic Agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[33]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "@fast.agent( name=\"agent\", # name of the agentinstruction=\"You are a helpful Agent\", # base instruction for the agentservers=[\"filesystem\"], # list of MCP Servers for the agentmodel=\"o3-mini.high\", # specify a model for the agentuse_history=True, # agent maintains chat historyrequest_params=RequestParams(temperature=0.7)), # additional parameters for the LLM (or RequestParams())human_input=True, # agent can request human input)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3090, "txt": "@", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre"}, {"position_id": 3092, "txt": "fast", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3094, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3096, "txt": "agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3098, "txt": "(\n ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3100, "txt": "name", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3102, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3104, "txt": "\"agent\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 3106, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 3108, "txt": "# name of the agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 3110, "txt": "instruction", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[7]"}, {"position_id": 3112, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[8]"}, {"position_id": 3114, "txt": "\"You are a helpful Agent\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 3116, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[9]"}, {"position_id": 3118, "txt": "# base instruction for the agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[10]"}, {"position_id": 3120, "txt": "servers", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[11]"}, {"position_id": 3122, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 3124, "txt": "[", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[12]"}, {"position_id": 3126, "txt": "\"filesystem\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[13]"}, {"position_id": 3128, "txt": "], ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[13]"}, {"position_id": 3130, "txt": "# list of MCP Servers for the agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[14]"}, {"position_id": 3132, "txt": "model", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[15]"}, {"position_id": 3134, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[16]"}, {"position_id": 3136, "txt": "\"o3-mini.high\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[17]"}, {"position_id": 3138, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[17]"}, {"position_id": 3140, "txt": "# specify a model for the agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[18]"}, {"position_id": 3142, "txt": "use_history", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[19]"}, {"position_id": 3144, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[20]"}, {"position_id": 3146, "txt": "True", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[21]"}, {"position_id": 3148, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[21]"}, {"position_id": 3150, "txt": "# agent maintains chat history", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[22]"}, {"position_id": 3152, "txt": "request_params", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[23]"}, {"position_id": 3154, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[24]"}, {"position_id": 3156, "txt": "RequestParams", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[25]"}, {"position_id": 3158, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[25]"}, {"position_id": 3160, "txt": "temperature", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[26]"}, {"position_id": 3162, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[27]"}, {"position_id": 3164, "txt": "0.7", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[28]"}, {"position_id": 3166, "txt": ")), ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[28]"}, {"position_id": 3168, "txt": "# additional parameters for the LLM (or RequestParams())", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[29]"}, {"position_id": 3170, "txt": "human_input", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[30]"}, {"position_id": 3172, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[31]"}, {"position_id": 3174, "txt": "True", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[32]"}, {"position_id": 3176, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[32]"}, {"position_id": 3178, "txt": "# agent can request human input", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[33]"}, {"position_id": 3180, "txt": "\n)", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[34]/pre/span[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Chain", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3182, "txt": "Chain", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[35]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "@fast.chain(name=\"chain\", # name of the chainsequence=[\"agent1\", \"agent2\", ...], # list of agents in execution orderinstruction=\"instruction\", # instruction to describe the chain for other workflowscumulative=False# whether to accumulate messages through the chaincontinue_with_final=True, # open chat with agent at end of chain after prompting)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3184, "txt": "@", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3186, "txt": "fast", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3188, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3190, "txt": "chain", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3192, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3194, "txt": "name", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[2]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3196, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[2]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3198, "txt": "\"chain\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[2]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3200, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[2]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3202, "txt": "# name of the chain", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[2]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3204, "txt": "sequence", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[3]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3206, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3208, "txt": "[", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3210, "txt": "\"agent1\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3212, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3214, "txt": "\"agent2\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3216, "txt": ", ...], ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3218, "txt": "# list of agents in execution order", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[3]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 3220, "txt": "instruction", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[4]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3222, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[4]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3224, "txt": "\"instruction\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[4]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3226, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[4]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3228, "txt": "# instruction to describe the chain for other workflows", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[4]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3230, "txt": "cumulative", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[5]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3232, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[5]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3234, "txt": "False", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[5]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3236, "txt": "# whether to accumulate messages through the chain", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[5]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3238, "txt": "continue_with_final", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[6]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3240, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[6]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3242, "txt": "True", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[6]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3244, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[6]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3246, "txt": "# open chat with agent at end of chain after prompting", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[6]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3248, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[36]/pre/span[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Parallel", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3250, "txt": "Parallel", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[37]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "@fast.parallel(name=\"parallel\", # name of the parallel workflowfan_out=[\"agent1\", \"agent2\"], # list of agents to run in parallelfan_in=\"aggregator\", # name of agent that combines results (optional)instruction=\"instruction\", # instruction to describe the parallel for other workflowsinclude_request=True, # include original request in fan-in message)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3252, "txt": "@", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3254, "txt": "fast", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3256, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3258, "txt": "parallel", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3260, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3262, "txt": "name", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[2]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3264, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[2]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3266, "txt": "\"parallel\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[2]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3268, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[2]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3270, "txt": "# name of the parallel workflow", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[2]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3272, "txt": "fan_out", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[3]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3274, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3276, "txt": "[", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3278, "txt": "\"agent1\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3280, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3282, "txt": "\"agent2\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3284, "txt": "], ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3286, "txt": "# list of agents to run in parallel", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[3]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 3288, "txt": "fan_in", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[4]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3290, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[4]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3292, "txt": "\"aggregator\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[4]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3294, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[4]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3296, "txt": "# name of agent that combines results (optional)", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[4]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3298, "txt": "instruction", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[5]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3300, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[5]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3302, "txt": "\"instruction\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[5]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3304, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[5]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3306, "txt": "# instruction to describe the parallel for other workflows", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[5]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3308, "txt": "include_request", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[6]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3310, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[6]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3312, "txt": "True", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[6]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3314, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[6]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3316, "txt": "# include original request in fan-in message", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[6]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3318, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[38]/pre/span[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 95, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Evaluator-Optimizer", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3320, "txt": "Evaluator-Optimizer", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[39]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "@fast.evaluator_optimizer(name=\"researcher\", # name of the workflowgenerator=\"web_searcher\", # name of the content generator agentevaluator=\"quality_assurance\", # name of the evaluator agentmin_rating=\"GOOD\", # minimum acceptable quality (EXCELLENT, GOOD, FAIR, POOR)max_refinements=3, # maximum number of refinement iterations)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3322, "txt": "@", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3324, "txt": "fast", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3326, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3328, "txt": "evaluator_optimizer", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3330, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3332, "txt": "name", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[2]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3334, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[2]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3336, "txt": "\"researcher\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[2]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3338, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[2]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3340, "txt": "# name of the workflow", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[2]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3342, "txt": "generator", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[3]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3344, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3346, "txt": "\"web_searcher\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3348, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3350, "txt": "# name of the content generator agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3352, "txt": "evaluator", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[4]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3354, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[4]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3356, "txt": "\"quality_assurance\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[4]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3358, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[4]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3360, "txt": "# name of the evaluator agent", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[4]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3362, "txt": "min_rating", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[5]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3364, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[5]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3366, "txt": "\"GOOD\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[5]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3368, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[5]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3370, "txt": "# minimum acceptable quality (EXCELLENT, GOOD, FAIR, POOR)", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[5]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3372, "txt": "max_refinements", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[6]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3374, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[6]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3376, "txt": "3", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[6]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3378, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[6]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3380, "txt": "# maximum number of refinement iterations", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[6]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3382, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[40]/pre/span[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Router", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3384, "txt": "Router", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[41]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 100, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "@fast.router(name=\"route\", # name of the routeragents=[\"agent1\", \"agent2\", \"agent3\"], # list of agent names router can delegate tomodel=\"o3-mini.high\", # specify routing modeluse_history=False, # router maintains conversation historyhuman_input=False, # whether router can request human input)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3386, "txt": "@", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3388, "txt": "fast", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3390, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3392, "txt": "router", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3394, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3396, "txt": "name", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[2]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3398, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[2]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3400, "txt": "\"route\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[2]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3402, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[2]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3404, "txt": "# name of the router", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[2]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3406, "txt": "agents", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[3]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3408, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3410, "txt": "[", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3412, "txt": "\"agent1\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3414, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3416, "txt": "\"agent2\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3418, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3420, "txt": "\"agent3\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[3]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 3422, "txt": "], ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[3]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 3424, "txt": "# list of agent names router can delegate to", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[3]/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 3426, "txt": "model", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[4]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3428, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[4]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3430, "txt": "\"o3-mini.high\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[4]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3432, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[4]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3434, "txt": "# specify routing model", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[4]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3436, "txt": "use_history", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[5]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3438, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[5]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3440, "txt": "False", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[5]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3442, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[5]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3444, "txt": "# router maintains conversation history", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[5]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3446, "txt": "human_input", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[6]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3448, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[6]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3450, "txt": "False", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[6]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3452, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[6]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3454, "txt": "# whether router can request human input", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[6]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3456, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[42]/pre/span[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 101, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Orchestrator", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3458, "txt": "Orchestrator", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[43]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "@fast.orchestrator(name=\"orchestrator\", # name of the orchestratorinstruction=\"instruction\", # base instruction for the orchestratoragents=[\"agent1\", \"agent2\"], # list of agent names this orchestrator can usemodel=\"o3-mini.high\", # specify orchestrator planning modeluse_history=False, # orchestrator doesn't maintain chat history (no effect).human_input=False, # whether orchestrator can request human inputplan_type=\"full\", # planning approach: \"", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3460, "txt": "@", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3462, "txt": "fast", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3464, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3466, "txt": "orchestrator", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3468, "txt": "(", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[1]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3470, "txt": "name", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[2]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3472, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[2]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3474, "txt": "\"orchestrator\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[2]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3476, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[2]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3478, "txt": "# name of the orchestrator", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[2]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3480, "txt": "instruction", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[3]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3482, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[3]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3484, "txt": "\"instruction\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3486, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[3]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3488, "txt": "# base instruction for the orchestrator", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[3]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3490, "txt": "agents", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[4]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3492, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[4]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3494, "txt": "[", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[4]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3496, "txt": "\"agent1\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[4]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3498, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[4]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3500, "txt": "\"agent2\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[4]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3502, "txt": "], ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[4]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3504, "txt": "# list of agent names this orchestrator can use", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[4]/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 3506, "txt": "model", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[5]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3508, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[5]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3510, "txt": "\"o3-mini.high\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[5]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3512, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[5]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3514, "txt": "# specify orchestrator planning model", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[5]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3516, "txt": "use_history", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[6]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3518, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[6]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3520, "txt": "False", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[6]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3522, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[6]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3524, "txt": "# orchestrator doesn't maintain chat history (no effect).", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[6]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3526, "txt": "human_input", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[7]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3528, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[7]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3530, "txt": "False", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[7]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3532, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[7]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3534, "txt": "# whether orchestrator can request human input", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[7]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3536, "txt": "plan_type", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[8]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3538, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[8]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3540, "txt": "\"full\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[8]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3542, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[8]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3544, "txt": "# planning approach: \"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[8]/span[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 104, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "full\" or \"iterative\"max_iterations=5, # maximum number of full plan attempts, or iterations)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3545, "txt": "full\" or \"iterative\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[8]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3547, "txt": "max_iterations", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[9]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 3549, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[9]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 3551, "txt": "5", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[9]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3553, "txt": ", ", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[9]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 3555, "txt": "# maximum number of full plan attempts, or iterations", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[9]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 3557, "txt": ")", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[44]/pre/span[10]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 104, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Multimodal Support", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3559, "txt": "Multimodal Support", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/div[45]/h3"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 106, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Add Resources to prompts using either the inbuilt prompt-server or MCP Types directly.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3561, "txt": "Add Resources to prompts using either the inbuilt ", "x": 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are welcome - feel free to raise issues to discuss.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[48]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 129, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Full guidelines for contributing and roadmap coming very soon.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3711, "txt": " Full guidelines for contributing and roadmap coming very soon.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[48]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 129, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Get in touch!", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3712, "txt": " Get in touch!", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div/main/turbo-frame/div/div/div/div/div[1]/react-partial/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/article/p[48]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 129, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# fast-agent: Define, Prompt and Test MCP enabled Agents and Workflows ## Overview ### Agent Application Development ## Get started: ### Basic Agents ### Combining Agents and using MCP Servers ## Workflows ### Chain ### Human Input ### Parallel ### Evaluator-Optimizer ### Router ### Orchestrator ## Agent Features ### Calling Agents ### Defining Agents #### Basic Agent #### Chain #### Parallel #### Evaluator-Optimizer #### Router #### Orchestrator ### Multimodal Support #### MCP Tool Result Conversion ### Prompts ### Sampling ### Secrets File ### Interactive Shell ## Project Notes ### Contributing
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"txt": "Want to keep reading about the latest in AI?", "x": "/html/body/main/div[1]/article/div[2]/div/p[45]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Check out our articles on the best open source LLMs and multimodal vision models available today.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 678, "txt": " Check out our articles on the ", "x": "/html/body/main/div[1]/article/div[2]/div/p[45]"}, {"position_id": 680, "txt": "best open source LLMs", "x": "/html/body/main/div[1]/article/div[2]/div/p[45]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 682, "txt": " and ", "x": "/html/body/main/div[1]/article/div[2]/div/p[45]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 684, "txt": "multimodal vision models", "x": "/html/body/main/div[1]/article/div[2]/div/p[45]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 686, "txt": " available today.", "x": "/html/body/main/div[1]/article/div[2]/div/p[45]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# A2A and MCP: Start of the AI Agent Protocol Wars? ## Why AI Protocols Are a Battleground ## What is Google’s A2A? ### How A2A Works: A Protocol for Multi-agent Systems ## What is Anthropic’s MCP? ### How MCP Works: A Protocol for Context-Driven Agent-Tool Communication ## Are A2A and MCP Addressing Different Use Cases? ## Is Google Challenging MCP with A2A? ## Why Did Google Build A2A? ## A2A or MCP? Simplicity Will Win ## The Future of AI Protocols and Agents ### Run Your AI Agents and Remote MCP Servers on Koyeb
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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Supplementary exploratory analyses have also revealed that the gender of the children afected their wellbeing assessments with interactions efectively distinguishing between varying levels of wellbeing for both boys and girls for the frst session and only for boys during the second session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.36, 0.417, 0.82, 0.431], [0.12, 0.433, 0.82, 0.447], [0.12, 0.449, 0.517, 0.463]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The analyses have also revealed that girls have a higher opinion of the robot as a confdante as compared with boys.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.449, 0.82, 0.463], [0.12, 0.464, 0.442, 0.478]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Findings from this work afrm the potential of using online mediated interactions with robots for the assessment of the mental wellbeing of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.442, 0.464, 0.82, 0.478], [0.12, 0.48, 0.542, 0.494]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1INTRODUCTION", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 900000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.517, 0.257, 0.532]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "国", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.344, 0.055, 0.364]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Research into Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) in children’s lives have become increasingly prevalent, addressing theirpotential roles in education [51, 121], autism interventions [106] and more recently in the feld of mental health [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.538, 0.82, 0.553], [0.12, 0.555, 0.822, 0.571]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Children have been shown to consider robots as companions and peers because of the non-intimidating, engaging nature of SARs that provide an interactive, responsive and non-judgemental platform for children to feel comfortable [33, 61].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.572, 0.82, 0.588], [0.12, 0.589, 0.82, 0.605], [0.12, 0.607, 0.167, 0.622]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, interacting with SARs usually involves visiting a laboratory and thus providing logistical restrictions in availability and accessibility.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.167, 0.607, 0.82, 0.622], [0.12, 0.624, 0.303, 0.64]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In sensitive domains like mental health, emotional stigma, shame and attitudes towards seeking help (for example, from therapists [122], online support initiatives [128] and wellbeing applications [95]) may afect self-disclosure in children [29, 111].In addition, children’s inclinations to openly express their emotions are alsoheavily infuenced by their gender as boys have been observed to show increased hesitation towards disclosing their genuine feelings compared to girls [23].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.303, 0.624, 0.82, 0.64], [0.12, 0.641, 0.82, 0.657], [0.12, 0.659, 0.82, 0.674], [0.12, 0.676, 0.82, 0.692], [0.12, 0.693, 0.357, 0.709]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "SARs have been shown to help with mood estimation [41] and improvement [71], alleviating anxiety during painful medical procedures [101] and identifying bullying instances among children [15].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1200000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.711, 0.82, 0.726], [0.12, 0.728, 0.623, 0.744]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, most of these studies have involved visits to unfamiliar environments like university laboratories or hospitals that might afect children’s", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1200000, "bbox": [[0.623, 0.728, 0.82, 0.744], [0.12, 0.745, 0.82, 0.761]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Authors’ addresses:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.776, 0.211, 0.788]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Nida Itrat Abbasi, [email protected], Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK; Guy Laban,[email protected], Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK; Tamsin Ford, [email protected], Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Peter B. Jones, [email protected], Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Hatice Gunes, [email protected], Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.211, 0.776, 0.821, 0.788], [0.12, 0.789, 0.82, 0.801], [0.12, 0.801, 0.821, 0.813], [0.12, 0.814, 0.584, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.813, 0.832, 0.82, 0.84]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.089, 0.881, 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"position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.377, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.18, 0.137, 0.722, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As discussions about the potential applications of social robots in well-being settings gain prominence, it is crucial to acknowledge that physical HRI research often relies on laboratory-constrained environments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.722, 0.137, 0.88, 0.153], [0.18, 0.154, 0.88, 0.17], [0.18, 0.172, 0.585, 0.187]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This reliance limits the generalization of results, interactions, and insights across diverse populations and conditions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.585, 0.172, 0.882, 0.187], [0.18, 0.189, 0.598, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The COVID-19 pandemic, by accelerating the adoption of computer-mediated communication in households [24], has opened new avenues for HRI research.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.598, 0.189, 0.88, 0.205], [0.18, 0.206, 0.822, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This shift towards virtual and computer-mediated communication (CMC) methods enables researchers to explore the interaction with robots in home environments via personal screens [38], allowing for rigorous and reproducible research that efectively supports individuals’ well-being in their natural settings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.822, 0.206, 0.88, 0.222], [0.18, 0.224, 0.88, 0.239], [0.179, 0.241, 0.88, 0.257], [0.18, 0.258, 0.582, 0.274]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For instance, CMC interactions with social robotshave been leveraged to support informal caregivers [73], who often struggle to fnd time and energy for self-care, leading to overlooked health issues [98].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.582, 0.258, 0.88, 0.274], [0.18, 0.276, 0.882, 0.291], [0.18, 0.293, 0.421, 0.308]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This approach ofers them the opportunity to discuss their concerns with an online-mediated robot, ensuring continuous support in their natural environments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.421, 0.293, 0.88, 0.308], [0.18, 0.31, 0.674, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These strategies not only enhance the accessibility of emotional well-being interventions to a wider range of populations, thereby promoting inclusivity and diversity but also enable the generalization of HRI research fndings to diverse groups that may be restricted from participating in in-person studies.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.674, 0.31, 0.88, 0.326], [0.18, 0.327, 0.88, 0.343], [0.18, 0.345, 0.88, 0.36], [0.18, 0.362, 0.381, 0.378]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Despite concerns about the loss of physical embodiment, recent studies have found no signifcant diferences in participants’ perceptions and interactions with robots in virtual versus in-person settings[42, 43, 52, 69], providing strong evidence for the efcacy of CMC as an alternative means for HRI experimentation, especially in unique settings such as CRI with children from around the world.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.381, 0.362, 0.88, 0.378], [0.18, 0.379, 0.88, 0.395], [0.18, 0.397, 0.882, 0.412], [0.18, 0.414, 0.656, 0.43]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, having a robotic platform that children can interact with in an environment familiar to them, and that can take into account any predispositions in their attitudes, especially in the context of mental wellbeing assessment, might help them to be more candid about their feelings and experiences.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.656, 0.414, 0.88, 0.43], [0.18, 0.431, 0.88, 0.447], [0.18, 0.448, 0.88, 0.464], [0.18, 0.466, 0.329, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the context of long-term HRI, SARs have been shown to provide emotional support and companionship to the elderly who formed strong bonds with the robot over long-term interactions [127].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.483, 0.88, 0.499], [0.18, 0.5, 0.664, 0.516]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Even online longitudinal interaction with robots has been shown to enhance mood, mitigate feelings of loneliness and promote self-disclosure in adults [71].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.664, 0.5, 0.88, 0.516], [0.179, 0.518, 0.88, 0.533], [0.18, 0.535, 0.207, 0.551]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, in this work, we present the frst study that has explored whether longitudinal online interactions with a robot can be used for the assessment of mental wellbeing in children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.207, 0.535, 0.88, 0.551], [0.18, 0.552, 0.595, 0.568]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, we have explored whether co-location afects robotised wellbeing assessment by comparing our research fndings with our prior investigation [3, 4] that has involved SARs for the assessment of mental wellbeing through an in-lab setting.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.595, 0.552, 0.88, 0.568], [0.18, 0.57, 0.88, 0.585], [0.18, 0.587, 0.688, 0.602]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also provide an exploratory supplementary investigation into whether the gender of the participants afects the longitudinal assessment of mental wellbeing of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.688, 0.587, 0.88, 0.602], [0.18, 0.604, 0.88, 0.62], [0.179, 0.621, 0.314, 0.637]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For this purpose, we have gathered data from 40 children (20 girls and 20 boys, 8-13 years old) who interacted with a Nao robot (SoftBank Robotics), over the course of three sessions for about 30-45 mins in each session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.314, 0.621, 0.88, 0.637], [0.18, 0.639, 0.88, 0.654], [0.18, 0.656, 0.258, 0.672]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our primary fndings suggest that (i) online interactions with the robot (using Zoom or Skype) can be efective in the assessment of mental wellbeing of children, and (ii) user perception of the robot largely improved or remained unchanged throughout the course of the three online sessions and was afected by the physical presence of the robot especially in the case of anxiety attributed towards the robot and the perceived intelligence of the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.258, 0.656, 0.88, 0.672], [0.18, 0.673, 0.88, 0.689], [0.18, 0.691, 0.88, 0.706], [0.18, 0.708, 0.882, 0.724]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our supplementary exploratory analyses have revealed that gender-based variability has been observed in terms of the longitudinal robot-assisted assessments as well as the children’s perception of robot’s behaviour and capabilities.We found that robot-assisted assessment was able to amplify the diferences across varying levels of wellbeing for both boys and girls for the frst session and only for boys for the second session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.725, 0.88, 0.741], [0.18, 0.743, 0.882, 0.758], [0.179, 0.76, 0.88, 0.775], [0.18, 0.777, 0.676, 0.793]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We have also observed that girls had a higher opinion of the robot as their confdante as compared to boys.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.676, 0.777, 0.88, 0.793], [0.18, 0.794, 0.636, 0.81]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In summary, this work builds upon our prior work where we observed children interacting with a robot in an in-lab setting [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.636, 0.794, 0.88, 0.81], [0.18, 0.812, 0.725, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As mentioned above, our", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.725, 0.812, 0.88, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.087, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.81, 0.09, 0.821, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "fndings indicate that even in an online setting, robotised frameworks can be used to efectively diferentiate between children belonging to varying levels of wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.12, 0.82, 0.135], [0.12, 0.137, 0.419, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This consistency reinforces the adaptability and robustness of our approach paving the way for broader applications, across diferent settings, in assessing children’s wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.419, 0.137, 0.82, 0.153], [0.12, 0.154, 0.765, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We hopethat the fndings from this work can provide a valuable stepping-stone for upcoming robot-led initiatives that are more accessible to children for the assessment of their mental wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.765, 0.154, 0.82, 0.17], [0.12, 0.172, 0.82, 0.187], [0.12, 0.189, 0.519, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2RELATED WORKS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.222, 0.266, 0.236]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "2.1Wellbeing Assessments", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1700000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.243, 0.308, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "According to ofcial government statistics published in 20231, about 20.3 % of children (8-16 years) in the UK have probable mental health disorder.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.264, 0.82, 0.28], [0.12, 0.281, 0.312, 0.297]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Early identifcation of mental wellbeing concerns is customary for the future welfare of children in order to mitigate any long-lasting consequences concerning their emotional wellness, social relationships and academic performance [113].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.312, 0.281, 0.82, 0.297], [0.12, 0.299, 0.82, 0.314], [0.12, 0.316, 0.32, 0.331]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the UK, several governmental [20, 40] and non-governmental [18, 82] initiatives have been conducted to understand the mental health of children and young people.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.32, 0.316, 0.82, 0.331], [0.12, 0.333, 0.623, 0.349]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 1 (a) shows a depiction of the mental wellbeing assessment pipelines followed by some of these initiatives.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.623, 0.333, 0.82, 0.349], [0.12, 0.35, 0.589, 0.366]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The pipeline is not standardised across all clinical and research assessments concerning the mental health of children conducted in the UK.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.589, 0.35, 0.82, 0.366], [0.12, 0.368, 0.7, 0.383]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In children’s mentalhealth evaluations for research endeavours, once consent has been provided by the parents or legal guardians, mental health assessments are usually conducted by lay interviewers or through online forms.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.7, 0.368, 0.82, 0.383], [0.12, 0.385, 0.82, 0.401], [0.12, 0.402, 0.632, 0.418]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, they may provide socially desirable answers that might not refect their genuine thoughts and emotions [45, 90, 123].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.342, 0.523, 0.82, 0.539], [0.12, 0.541, 0.393, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Previous studies have shown that people gradually open up to robots over time [71], with those experiencing negative emotional states being more likely to share extensively with robots [70].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.393, 0.541, 0.82, 0.556], [0.12, 0.558, 0.82, 0.574], [0.12, 0.575, 0.148, 0.591]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Furthermore, SARs have been shown to be very efective in establishing trust particularly with children [34], who have often attributed robots as peers and friends [39, 58].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.148, 0.575, 0.822, 0.591], [0.119, 0.593, 0.488, 0.608]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, robots could potentially be a valuable addition to children’s mental wellbeing assessment pipeline (Figure 1 (b)) possibly eliciting more candid responses from thechildren that accurately represent their feelings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.488, 0.593, 0.82, 0.608], [0.12, 0.61, 0.82, 0.626], [0.12, 0.627, 0.407, 0.643]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In addition, robots’ multimodal sensing capabilities can be leveragedto identify non-verbal cues that extends children’s verbal responses, garnering insights from children’s behaviour suchas their facial expressions and vocal tone.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.407, 0.627, 0.82, 0.643], [0.12, 0.644, 0.82, 0.66], [0.12, 0.662, 0.371, 0.677]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Consequently, critical observations can be fagged for child mental health practitioners to facilitate a diagnosis so that necessary support, if needed, can be provided at an early stage [see similar discussion in 67].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.371, 0.662, 0.82, 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{"txt": "For instance, apps providing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mood tracking, and emotional regulation strategies have gained popularity for their ability", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.594, 0.767, 0.82, 0.783], [0.12, 0.784, 0.82, 0.8]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.815, 0.678, 0.828]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.088, 0.882, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, 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(a) Pipeline showing the procedure for mental wellbeing assessment of children in the UK [18, 40, 82]. This pipeline is representative of certain assessment scenarios and is not standardised across all clinical and research assessments conducted in the UK. (b) Proposed robotised mental health assessment pipeline", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.376, 0.884, 0.418]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "to scale and deliver interventions to underserved populations [48].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.445, 0.572, 0.46]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Mobile apps specifcally designed for children, such as those targeting emotional self-awareness and mood monitoring, have shown potential to engage young users and ofer additional support outside of traditional clinical settings [96].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.572, 0.445, 0.88, 0.46], [0.18, 0.462, 0.88, 0.478], [0.18, 0.479, 0.573, 0.495]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, concerns regarding the lack of regulatory oversight, as well as limited evidence on the efectiveness and safety of many commercially available apps, present signifcant challenges in their widespread adoption and clinical recommendation [46].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.573, 0.479, 0.88, 0.495], [0.18, 0.497, 0.88, 0.512], [0.18, 0.514, 0.687, 0.53]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) present an alternative approach, ofering a unique advantage through their physical cues of embodiment and interactive capabilities [67].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.687, 0.514, 0.881, 0.53], [0.18, 0.531, 0.88, 0.547], [0.18, 0.549, 0.277, 0.564]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Unlike mobile apps, SARs engage users in multimodal interactions, incorporating voice, gestures, and facial expressions to foster rapport and elicit richer self-disclosures [66, 67, 115, 116].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.277, 0.549, 0.88, 0.564], [0.18, 0.566, 0.694, 0.582]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The embodied nature of SARs allows for more naturalistic social interactions, which is particularly benefcial in mental health settings where trust and empathy are critical [21].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.694, 0.566, 0.88, 0.582], [0.18, 0.583, 0.88, 0.599], [0.18, 0.6, 0.354, 0.616]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This interactive and dynamic form of engagement is especially important when working with children, who often require a playful and empathetic approach to feel comfortable discussing their mental state [102].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.354, 0.6, 0.88, 0.616], [0.179, 0.618, 0.88, 0.633], [0.18, 0.635, 0.214, 0.651]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, the use of SARs in this context can be a powerful tool for clinicians aiming to assess and support the emotional well-being of children in a non-threatening, child-friendly manner.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.214, 0.635, 0.88, 0.651], [0.18, 0.652, 0.643, 0.668]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.3Child robot interaction (CRI) in mental health.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.686, 0.523, 0.701]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Exploring health and wellbeing applications has been an emerging frontier in CRI literature.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, 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"web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Rossi et al [101] have investigated how robots have been used to alleviate stress and anxiety in children in hospital consultations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.247, 0.759, 0.88, 0.774], [0.18, 0.776, 0.312, 0.792]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Henkemans et al [50] have used robots to provide motivation to children for self-management of diabetes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.312, 0.776, 0.88, 0.792], [0.18, 0.793, 0.231, 0.809]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Meghdari et al [84] have observed that social robots provide 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"english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.384, 0.76, 0.82, 0.775], [0.12, 0.777, 0.82, 0.793], [0.12, 0.794, 0.178, 0.81]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Even in the feld of HRI, the gender of the participants seemed to infuence their perceived perception of the robot and their interaction experience.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.178, 0.794, 0.82, 0.81], [0.12, 0.812, 0.375, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, Mutlu et al [87] have shown that the male participants have", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.375, 0.812, 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"Fig. 2. (a) Researcher view of the experimental setup, (b) Participant view of the interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.282, 0.317, 0.777, 0.332]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "reported higher self-perceived positive afect when interacting with a robot as compared to the female participants.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.371, 0.882, 0.387]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, Strait et al [119] showed a diference in perceived ratings between males and females in relation to changes in verbal and non-verbal behaviours of the robot (i.e.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.389, 0.88, 0.404], [0.18, 0.406, 0.48, 0.421]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "women reacted favourably to increased politeness from the robot).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.48, 0.406, 0.882, 0.421]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, in order to develop a holistic understanding of the mental wellbeing of the current and future generations, it is important to account for gender-related diferences when designing robot-assisted assessment tools for children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.423, 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"position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.515, 0.712, 0.531]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It has also been shown that wellbeing is infuenced by multiple factors (family problems, fnancial issues, academic workload etc.)", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.712, 0.515, 0.88, 0.531], [0.179, 0.532, 0.78, 0.548]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "and is subject to change without any warning or discerning pattern [47].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.78, 0.532, 0.88, 0.548], [0.18, 0.55, 0.52, 0.565]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, we investigated whether and how online interaction (using Zoom or Skype) with a social robot can be used for the longitudinal assessment (three sessions over the course of 3-6 weeks) of mental wellbeing (RQ1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.52, 0.55, 0.88, 0.565], [0.18, 0.567, 0.88, 0.583], [0.18, 0.584, 0.404, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Longitudinal CRI studies have also observed that habituation with the robot leads to children losing interest in the interaction, causing less engagement and attention to tasks [104].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.404, 0.584, 0.88, 0.6], [0.18, 0.601, 0.75, 0.617]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, we investigated how children’s perception of the robot changed over the course of the longitudinal interaction (RQ2).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.75, 0.601, 0.88, 0.617], [0.18, 0.619, 0.785, 0.634]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Specifcally, wealso investigated whether remote interactions with the robot afect the children’s perception of the robot as comparedto co-location (RQ2.1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.785, 0.619, 0.88, 0.634], [0.18, 0.636, 0.88, 0.652], [0.18, 0.653, 0.315, 0.669]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Gender-based diferences have also been observed with regard to participants’ attitudes towardsmental health [23] and their HRI experience [119].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.315, 0.653, 0.88, 0.669], [0.18, 0.671, 0.477, 0.686]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, we also conducted a supplementary exploratory investigation into whether and how gender afects the robot-assisted longitudinal assessment of the mental wellbeing of children and their perception of the robot’s behaviour and capabilities (RQ3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.477, 0.671, 0.88, 0.686], [0.18, 0.688, 0.88, 0.704], [0.18, 0.705, 0.565, 0.721]]}]}, "tags": 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"global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The experiment design for the present work was motivated by our prior investigation examining whether and how a humanoid robot can be used for the evaluation of mental wellbeing of children in a dyadic physical lab setting [1, 3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.214, 0.82, 0.229], [0.12, 0.231, 0.822, 0.247]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In our in-lab study, we collected data from 41 children2 (21 girls, 20 boys, mean age = 9.58𝑦.𝑜., SD = 1.45𝑦.𝑜.).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.248, 0.792, 0.264]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Theparticipants were recruited from Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.792, 0.248, 0.82, 0.264], [0.12, 0.266, 0.523, 0.281]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The experimental protocol consisted of the robot following a pre-scripted interaction and conducting the following fve tasks sequentially: (i) Task 0: Icebreaking task; (ii) Task 1: Recall of a happy memory and a sad memory; (iii) Task 2: Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) [9]; (iv) Task 3: Picture task inspired by the Child Apperception Test (CAT) [14]; and (v) Task 4: three subscales from the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) [25].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.523, 0.266, 0.82, 0.281], [0.12, 0.283, 0.821, 0.298], [0.12, 0.3, 0.821, 0.316], [0.12, 0.317, 0.82, 0.333], [0.12, 0.335, 0.499, 0.35]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further details regarding the experimental setup and procedure can be found in [3],[1] and [4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.499, 0.335, 0.82, 0.35], [0.12, 0.352, 0.368, 0.368]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In order to compare whether children’s responses to a robot that is remotely connected via Zoom or Skype diferfrom the children’s responses to a robot that is co-located, in the context of mental wellbeing assessment, a similarexperimental protocol and tasks were adopted for the frst session of this study.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.369, 0.82, 0.385], [0.12, 0.387, 0.82, 0.402], [0.12, 0.404, 0.587, 0.42]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this paper, we will refer to the study that used online interactions with the robot as the \"remote study\" while our previous study undertaken in the lab introduced in [1, 3, 4] will be referred to as the \"in-lab study\".", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.587, 0.404, 0.82, 0.42], [0.12, 0.421, 0.82, 0.437], [0.12, 0.439, 0.486, 0.454]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It should be noted that new participants were recruited for the remote study in order to ensure that no individual participated in 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"tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 178, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The fnal sample size was determined following previous CRI studies yielding similar results with long-term experimental designs [e.g., 6], showing that a fnal sample size of 40 participants is appropriate.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.217, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.18, 0.137, 0.75, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "42 individuals between the ages of 8 and 13 years old were recruited using one of the two recruitment approaches:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " (a) advertising using online fyers that were circulated across the schools, and (b) snowball sampling by leveraging contacts among the research team.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 181, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Informed written consent was obtained from the parents/guardians prior to the participation of their children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 182, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The recruitment criteria involved exclusion on the basis of any existing neurological or psychological conditions declared by the parents/guardians.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 183, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The recruitment criteria also included that the children were fuent in English which was the medium of communication of the study.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This was confrmed based on the language of instruction in their respective schools to be English.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The parents were asked to verify this on the consent form.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Two participants were not included in the study mentioned here: one due to technical difculties and another because of the inability to participate in the experiment sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, the fnal sample consisted of 40 participants (20 girls and 20 boys, mean age = 10.04, SD= 1.58).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "One participant turned 14 during the course of the study sessions, however, was included in the study sample as they were 13 at the time of recruitment.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.156, 0.888, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The participants were from diferent parts of the world (Tajikistan: 13, UK: 8, Singapore: 7, Qatar: 6, India: 3, Other: 3) and interacted with the robot remotely using Zoom or Skype.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 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{"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.459, 0.756, 0.82, 0.771], [0.195, 0.773, 0.727, 0.788]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 251, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "They were also informed that they could contact the research staf if they would like to discuss the responses of their wards.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.727, 0.773, 0.82, 0.788], [0.195, 0.79, 0.82, 0.806], [0.195, 0.807, 0.234, 0.823]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 252, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.089, 0.881, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 253, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.09, 0.194, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 254, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(5) Recording and privacy:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.203, 0.12, 0.364, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 255, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The children were made aware that they were being recorded and they had the option to end the call as mentioned previously.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.364, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.227, 0.137, 0.464, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 256, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The frst interaction session started with the robot introducing itself, waving to the child, telling some jokes and playing tic tac toe with the child.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.16, 0.88, 0.176], [0.18, 0.177, 0.385, 0.193]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 257, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The second interaction session began with the robot giving a brief introduction again about the session, waving to the child, and telling the children some jokes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.385, 0.177, 0.88, 0.193], [0.18, 0.195, 0.662, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 258, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Finally, the third interaction session started with the robot introducing the session, waving and playing a guessing game with the children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.662, 0.195, 0.88, 0.21], [0.18, 0.212, 0.785, 0.228]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 259, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The decision to conduct three sessions was informed by prior literature [6, 88] to capture initial reactions as well as allow for a more nuanced understanding of how children would interact with the robot diferently over time.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.785, 0.212, 0.88, 0.228], [0.18, 0.229, 0.88, 0.245], [0.18, 0.246, 0.736, 0.262]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 260, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For all the sessions, the initial introduction task ended with the robot asking the children ice-breaking questions like \"how was your day?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.736, 0.246, 0.88, 0.262], [0.18, 0.264, 0.874, 0.279]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 261, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "\", in order to get the children comfortable with the robot and its capabilities.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.874, 0.264, 0.882, 0.279], [0.18, 0.281, 0.631, 0.297]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 262, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After the introduction activity, the robot proceeded to perform the tasks as described in the next section (Sec.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.631, 0.281, 0.88, 0.297], [0.18, 0.298, 0.58, 0.314]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 263, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.5 Study tasks).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.58, 0.298, 0.687, 0.314]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 264, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The activity fow was controlled by the experimenter who was responsible for when the robot should proceed with the task.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.687, 0.298, 0.88, 0.314], [0.18, 0.316, 0.734, 0.331]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 265, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This was determined in accordance with when the child fnished with their responses so that interruptions due to internet connection or the quality of the conference call did not afect the completion of the experiment tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.734, 0.316, 0.88, 0.331], [0.18, 0.333, 0.88, 0.349], [0.18, 0.35, 0.677, 0.366]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 266, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.5Study tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.381, 0.289, 0.394]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 267, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In order to investigate whether co-location with the robot afects wellbeing assessment in children, we followed the experiment tasks of our prior work [3, 4] which consisted of measures that are established standards in HRI and child psychology [17, 22, 35].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.289, 0.381, 0.882, 0.394], [0.179, 0.396, 0.88, 0.411], [0.18, 0.413, 0.406, 0.428]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 268, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The frst session consisted of the following tasks:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.406, 0.413, 0.703, 0.428]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 269, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Task1:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.431, 0.223, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 270, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The robot asked the children to recall a recent sad and happy memory.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.223, 0.431, 0.673, 0.446]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 271, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "If the children responded with a recollection of either of the memories, the robot would then further ask the children to draw the memory on either the whiteboard of the Zoom platform or on a paper present in front of the child.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.673, 0.431, 0.88, 0.446], [0.18, 0.447, 0.88, 0.463], [0.179, 0.465, 0.635, 0.48]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 272, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "statements like \"You felt lonely\" from the questionnaire and the child could respond by verbalising their responses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.499, 0.854, 0.515]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 273, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The display screen was used to project the response ratings \"Not true\", \"Sometimes\" and \"True\" and the child was instructed by the robot to pick one of the response ratings in accordance with how they were feeling in the last two weeks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.854, 0.499, 0.88, 0.515], [0.18, 0.517, 0.88, 0.532], [0.18, 0.534, 0.852, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 274, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Task3: The robot conducted a picture-based task which was inspired by the Child Apperception Test (CAT) [14].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.552, 0.853, 0.567]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 275, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The robot showed picture 7 from the CAT in the frst session, using the computer screen and helped the children to form a narrative by asking questions like \"What do you think is happening in this picture?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.853, 0.552, 0.88, 0.567], [0.18, 0.569, 0.88, 0.584], [0.18, 0.586, 0.686, 0.601]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 276, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "\", \"What do you think happened before this picture?\"", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.686, 0.586, 0.88, 0.601], [0.18, 0.603, 0.3, 0.619]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 277, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "and \"What do you think happened after this picture?\".", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.3, 0.603, 0.625, 0.619]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 278, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The task was used to determine children’swellbeing based on the children’s description of the pictures and the narrative they came up with.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.625, 0.603, 0.88, 0.619], [0.179, 0.62, 0.767, 0.636]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 279, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Similar tasks havealso been used previously in HRI [17].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.767, 0.62, 0.88, 0.636], [0.18, 0.638, 0.407, 0.653]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 280, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Task 4:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.656, 0.226, 0.671]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 281, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The robot administered three subscales (generalised anxiety, panic disorder and low mood) from the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) [25].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.226, 0.656, 0.88, 0.671], [0.18, 0.672, 0.49, 0.688]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 282, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The robot made statements in accordance with the items of the questionnaire like \"When you have a problem, your heart beats really fast\".", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.49, 0.672, 0.88, 0.688], [0.18, 0.69, 0.633, 0.705]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 283, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The children were instructed to respond using one of the response ratings \"Never\", \"Sometimes\", \"Often\", and \"Always\" that were displayed on the computer screen", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.633, 0.69, 0.88, 0.705], [0.18, 0.707, 0.88, 0.723], [0.18, 0.724, 0.218, 0.74]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 284, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For study sessions 2 and 3, the order of the tasks was changed in the following manner:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.741, 0.738, 0.757]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 285, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " (1) Task 1- recalling a recent happy and sad memory, (2) Task 2- the robot conducted the RCADS, and (3) Task 3- the robot administered the picture based task (picture 9 from the CAT in session 2 and picture 10 from the CAT in session 3 [14]).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.738, 0.741, 0.88, 0.757], [0.18, 0.759, 0.88, 0.774], [0.18, 0.776, 0.813, 0.792]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 286, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The SMFQ task was only present in the frst session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.813, 0.776, 0.88, 0.792], [0.18, 0.793, 0.431, 0.809]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 287, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The experiment sessions concluded with the robot either playing a game with the child (session 1 and session 2) or telling some jokes to the child (session 3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.431, 0.793, 0.88, 0.809], [0.179, 0.811, 0.677, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 288, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "All three sessions concluded with", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.677, 0.811, 0.88, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 289, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.087, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 290, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.09, 0.82, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 291, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "the experimenter conducting the user perception questionnaires.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.12, 0.51, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 292, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since one of the aims of this work is to understand whether co-location afects the perception of the robot for mental wellbeing assessment, we adopted the user perception questionnaires employed in our prior work mentioned in [1].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.51, 0.12, 0.82, 0.135], [0.119, 0.137, 0.82, 0.153], [0.12, 0.154, 0.48, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 293, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The frst questionnaire was inspired by the questionnaire in [86] to measure the children’s perception of the robot as a confdante.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.48, 0.154, 0.82, 0.17], [0.12, 0.172, 0.569, 0.187]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 294, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Open-ended questions and statement 10(\"Talking with the robot was similar to talking with a stranger\") were excluded.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.569, 0.172, 0.82, 0.187], [0.12, 0.189, 0.609, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 295, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The children could respond using Likert ratings: (1) Strongly dislike, (2) Somewhat dislike, (3) Neither like nor dislike, (4) Somewhat like, and (5) Strongly like.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.609, 0.189, 0.82, 0.205], [0.12, 0.206, 0.82, 0.223], [0.12, 0.226, 0.144, 0.239]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 296, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Children’s anxiety towards robots was measured using a questionnaire inspired by the RAS [91].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.144, 0.226, 0.718, 0.239]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 297, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To enable clarityand better understanding for children, statement 3 of RAS was modifed to \"The robot may be unable to understand my stories\", statement 10 was changed to \"Whether the robot understands what I am saying\", and statement 11 was modifed to \"I may be unable to understand what the robot is saying\".", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.718, 0.226, 0.82, 0.239], [0.12, 0.241, 0.82, 0.257], [0.12, 0.258, 0.82, 0.274], [0.12, 0.276, 0.542, 0.291]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 298, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Children could respond by verbalising one of the response ratings: (1) I do not feel anxiety at all, (2) I hardly feel any anxiety, (3) I don’t feel much anxiety, (4) I feel alittle anxiety, (5) I feel much anxiety, and (6) I feel anxiety very strongly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.542, 0.276, 0.82, 0.291], [0.12, 0.293, 0.82, 0.309], [0.12, 0.313, 0.537, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 299, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Finally, the third user perception questionnaire was inspired by the Godspeed questionnaire [13].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.537, 0.313, 0.82, 0.326], [0.119, 0.327, 0.413, 0.343]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 300, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We used the likeability and perceived intelligence subsections of the questionnaire and the children could respond using the questionnaire response ratings ranging from one to fve (one corresponded with the negative characteristic like \"ignorant\" and fve corresponded with the positive characteristic like \"knowledgeable\").", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.413, 0.327, 0.82, 0.343], [0.12, 0.345, 0.82, 0.36], [0.12, 0.362, 0.82, 0.378], [0.12, 0.379, 0.225, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 301, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It should be noted that in order to maintain a uniform interaction experience for all participants, the robot behaviour was consistent.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.225, 0.379, 0.82, 0.395], [0.12, 0.397, 0.309, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 302, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In other words, the robot did not build of the prior interactions with the participants.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.309, 0.397, 0.822, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 303, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.6Measures.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.431, 0.219, 0.444]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 304, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The measures used in this work are as follows:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.219, 0.431, 0.504, 0.444]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 305, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Pre-study questionnaires:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.447, 0.293, 0.462]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 306, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Prior to the frst experiment session, Qualtrics online links were sent to parents of the participating children which consisted of two questionnaires to be answered in relation to the children’s wellbeing - (1)Self-report questionnaire (to be answered by the child) consisting of three sub-scales (generalised anxiety, panic disorder and low mood) of the RCADS (Cronbach’s 𝛼= 0.91, mean score = 11.23 ± 9.19), and (2) Parent-report questionnaire (tobe answered by the parent) consisting of three subscales from (generalised anxiety, panic disorder and low mood) of the RCADS (Cronbach’s 𝛼= 0.89, mean score = 9.08 ± 7.54).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.293, 0.447, 0.82, 0.461], [0.12, 0.463, 0.821, 0.479], [0.12, 0.48, 0.82, 0.496], [0.12, 0.497, 0.82, 0.513], [0.12, 0.515, 0.82, 0.53], [0.12, 0.532, 0.485, 0.548]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 307, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The links to these questionnaires were attached in theemail sent after receiving an expression of interest in participation from the parents.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.485, 0.532, 0.82, 0.548], [0.12, 0.549, 0.62, 0.565]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 308, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The children were not allowed to proceed with their frst session until these questionnaires were completed.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.62, 0.549, 0.82, 0.565], [0.12, 0.567, 0.554, 0.582]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 309, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Total scores for self-report and parent-report questionnaires were computed separately using the rating scores of the RCADS (never = 0, sometimes = 1, often = 2, always = 3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.554, 0.567, 0.82, 0.582], [0.12, 0.584, 0.822, 0.6], [0.12, 0.601, 0.191, 0.617]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 310, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In-study questionnaires:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.62, 0.283, 0.635]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 311, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Our aim in this work is to understand the feasibility of using remote interaction with the robot for wellbeing assessment of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.283, 0.62, 0.82, 0.634], [0.12, 0.636, 0.373, 0.651]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 312, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, we have only included children’s responses to the SMFQ (task 2 inthe frst session; Cronbach’s 𝛼= 0.85, mean score = 6.63 ± 5.44) and the RCADS (task 4 in the frst session and task 2 inthe second and third sessions; Cronbach’s 𝛼= 0.92, mean score = 12.57 ± 10.17) for analyses in this work.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.373, 0.636, 0.82, 0.651], [0.12, 0.653, 0.82, 0.669], [0.12, 0.67, 0.736, 0.686]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 313, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We computedtotal scores from the children’s responses to the SMFQ (not true= 0, sometimes= 1, and true = 2) and the RCADS (never= 0, sometimes = 1, often = 2, always = 3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.736, 0.67, 0.82, 0.686], [0.12, 0.688, 0.82, 0.703], [0.12, 0.705, 0.37, 0.721]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 314, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-session questionnaires:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.724, 0.309, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 315, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The user perception questionnaires were conducted by the experimenter after every experiment session.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.309, 0.724, 0.82, 0.738], [0.12, 0.74, 0.236, 0.755]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 316, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Total scores were computed for the frst user perception questionnaire (Cronbach’s 𝛼= 0.65, meanscore = 34.42 ± 3.74), inspired by [86] to understand children’s perception of the robot as a confdante, using thequestionnaire ratings of 1: Strongly dislike, 2: Somewhat dislike, 3: Neither like nor dislike, 4: Somewhat like, and 5: Strongly like.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.236, 0.74, 0.82, 0.755], [0.12, 0.757, 0.82, 0.773], [0.12, 0.774, 0.82, 0.79], [0.12, 0.794, 0.144, 0.807]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 317, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the second user perception questionnaire (Cronbach’s 𝛼= 0.84, mean score = 18.95 ± 8.27), inspired by the RAS[91] to understand the anxiety attributed to the robot by the children, total scores (referred to as \"robot anxiety\") were", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.144, 0.794, 0.82, 0.807], [0.12, 0.809, 0.82, 0.824]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 318, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.089, 0.881, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 319, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.09, 0.194, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 320, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "computed using the response ratings of 1:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.12, 0.435, 0.136]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 321, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I do not feel anxiety at all, 2: I hardly feel any anxiety, 3: I don’t feel muchanxiety, 4: I feel a little anxiety, 5: I feel much anxiety, and 6: I feel anxiety very strongly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.435, 0.12, 0.88, 0.136], [0.18, 0.14, 0.679, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 322, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Finally, total scores from the third user perception questionnaire (Cronbach’s 𝛼= 0.82, mean score = 47.59 ± 3.33), inspired by the Godspeed questionnaire[13] to understand the user’s likeability of the robot and the perceived intelligence of the robot, were computed usingthe questionnaire ratings of 1- negative characteristic like \"Unkind\" to 5- positive characteristic like \"Kind\".", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.679, 0.14, 0.88, 0.153], [0.18, 0.154, 0.88, 0.17], [0.18, 0.172, 0.88, 0.187], [0.18, 0.189, 0.803, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 323, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.3Construct Validity Analyses", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.22, 0.397, 0.235]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 324, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In [2], we conducted validity analyses for our in-lab study described in [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.241, 0.649, 0.256]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 325, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We have followed the same approach for the data collected from the online remote study described in this work.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.649, 0.241, 0.88, 0.256], [0.18, 0.258, 0.629, 0.274]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 326, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We conducted construct validity analysis through confrmatory principal component analysis (PCA) to validate established psychological assessment tools such as the SMFQ and RCADS in longitudinal CRI research presented here.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.629, 0.258, 0.88, 0.274], [0.18, 0.275, 0.88, 0.291], [0.18, 0.293, 0.588, 0.308]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 327, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This was done to ensure they accurately measure the intended constructs and to comprehend their limitations within CRI contexts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.588, 0.293, 0.88, 0.308], [0.18, 0.31, 0.651, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 328, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Similarly, we applied the same analysis to both self-reported and parent-reported RCADS to achieve a deeper understanding of model ft and to discern the diferences more clearly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.651, 0.31, 0.88, 0.326], [0.18, 0.327, 0.88, 0.343], [0.18, 0.344, 0.326, 0.36]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 329, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.301, 0.367, 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0.52, 0.757]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 392, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These results underpin the rationale for comparing wellbeing changes between tertiles for each session and across all sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.52, 0.741, 0.88, 0.757], [0.18, 0.759, 0.568, 0.774]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 393, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The identifcation of a primary factor confrms that the scales can efectively distinguish between diferent levels of wellbeing measured using RCADS, making the Kruskal Wallis tests appropriate for identifying statistically signifcant diferences between groups defned by tertiles of SMFQ scores.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": 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clustering.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.192, 0.249, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 400, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We used the responses from the SMFQ to cluster the participants into three tertiles (low, med and high) similar to the framework followed in [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.249, 0.192, 0.82, 0.205], [0.12, 0.207, 0.412, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 401, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "SMFQ thresholds were also taken into consideration in determining the children’s categorisation into the wellbeing clusters.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.412, 0.207, 0.82, 0.222], [0.12, 0.224, 0.457, 0.24]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 402, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, if tertile categorisation resulted in a child withan SMFQ score of 9 being placed in med tertile, we included the child in the high tertile as the threshold for SMFQ is a total score of 8 4.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.457, 0.224, 0.82, 0.24], [0.12, 0.241, 0.82, 0.257], [0.12, 0.259, 0.234, 0.274]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 403, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Tertile edges were computed separately for girls and boys in order to ensure similar participant numbers across the three wellbeing clusters (low tertile, med tertile and high tertile).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.234, 0.259, 0.82, 0.274], [0.12, 0.276, 0.615, 0.292]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 404, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since the SMFQ is used to monitor symptoms of mood disorders in children, children belonging to the low tertile and med tertile were very unlikely to obtain a diagnosis of mood disorders while children in the high tertile were more likely to obtain a diagnosis of mood disorders.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.615, 0.276, 0.82, 0.292], [0.12, 0.293, 0.82, 0.309], [0.12, 0.31, 0.82, 0.326], [0.12, 0.328, 0.178, 0.343]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 405, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Following the tertile categorisation, these well-being clusters were used as independent variables to analyse their relationship with outcomes assessed by the RCADS.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.345, 0.82, 0.361], [0.12, 0.362, 0.423, 0.378]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 406, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This approach, well-supported in mental health research, facilitates structured comparisons of how varying levels of mood, as indicated by SMFQ tertiles, infuence specifc outcomes such as anxiety and depression symptoms [57, 109].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.423, 0.362, 0.82, 0.378], [0.12, 0.38, 0.82, 0.395], [0.12, 0.397, 0.4, 0.413]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 407, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Given the distinct yet related constructs measured by SMFQ (general mood) and RCADS (specifc anxiety and depression symptoms), this method allows us to assess how mood categories align with diferent levels of psychological symptoms.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.4, 0.397, 0.82, 0.413], [0.12, 0.414, 0.82, 0.43], [0.12, 0.432, 0.451, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 408, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While a correlation between SMFQ and RCADS is typically expected [e.g., 80], the CRI context, where the robot administered RCADS, required careful consideration, as we could not assume this correlation would hold in the same way as in traditional child mental health studies.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.451, 0.432, 0.82, 0.447], [0.12, 0.449, 0.82, 0.464], [0.12, 0.466, 0.721, 0.482]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 409, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.4.2Statistical analyses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.495, 0.273, 0.508]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 410, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Statistical analyses were performed using either the statistical toolbox in Matlab 5 or using IBM SPSS 6.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.273, 0.495, 0.82, 0.508], [0.12, 0.51, 0.193, 0.525]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 411, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our primary analyses consisted of investigating wellbeing and user perception changes for the overall population (40 participants) across the varying levels of wellbeing (tertiles) as well as across the sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.193, 0.51, 0.82, 0.525], [0.12, 0.527, 0.768, 0.543]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 412, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also conducted a secondary exploratory analysis by further stratifying the data according to the gender of the participants.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.768, 0.527, 0.82, 0.543], [0.12, 0.544, 0.822, 0.56]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 413, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For this purpose, we employed non-parametric statistical analyses as our study data (RCADS, SMFQ and user perception responses) did not follow a normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk test).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.562, 0.82, 0.577], [0.12, 0.579, 0.528, 0.595]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 414, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We conducted Kruskal Wallis tests for betweensubject analyses while investigating wellbeing or user perception changes between the tertiles for each session as well as across the tertiles for all the sessions combined.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.528, 0.579, 0.822, 0.595], [0.12, 0.596, 0.82, 0.612], [0.12, 0.614, 0.424, 0.629]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 415, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We employed Friedman’s test to conduct within-subject analyseswhile comparing changes in wellbeing and user perception responses longitudinally across the experiment sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.424, 0.614, 0.82, 0.629], [0.119, 0.631, 0.822, 0.646]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 416, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Between-subject pairwise comparisons while investigating change in responses across girls and boys, between the children’s RCADS responses to the robot and the parent’s RCADS responses to the pre-study questionnaire, and acrossthe remote study data collected in this work and our in-lab study [1, 3, 4] were performed using Wilcoxon rank sum tests.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.648, 0.82, 0.664], [0.12, 0.665, 0.82, 0.681], [0.12, 0.683, 0.82, 0.698], [0.12, 0.7, 0.15, 0.716]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 417, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Within-subject pairwise comparison between the children’s responses to the children’s RCADS responses to therobot and their self-report responses to the pre-study questionnaire was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.15, 0.7, 0.82, 0.716], [0.12, 0.717, 0.82, 0.733], [0.12, 0.735, 0.145, 0.75]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 418, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To control for Type I errors due to multiple hypothesis testing, we applied the Holm-Bonferroni correction to pvalues from the confrmatory hypothesis tests.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.752, 0.822, 0.768], [0.12, 0.769, 0.393, 0.785]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 419, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This method sequentially adjusts signifcance levels for each hypothesis,", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.393, 0.769, 0.822, 0.785]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 420, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "45https://www.seattlechildrens.org/globalassets/documents/healthcare-professionals/pal/ratings/smfq-rating-scale.pdf https://uk.mathworks.com/products/statistics.html 6https://www.ibm.com/spss", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.792, 0.664, 0.805], [0.125, 0.804, 0.36, 0.816], [0.12, 0.813, 0.249, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 421, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.089, 0.881, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 422, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.091, 0.194, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 423, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "prioritising smaller p-values to rigorously control Type I error while preserving sensitivity [7].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.12, 0.759, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 424, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Both corrected and uncorrected p-values are reported in the results.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.759, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.18, 0.137, 0.47, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 425, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc tests for between-subject (Kruskal-Wallis test) and withinsubject (Friedman’s test) analyses and the pairwise comparisons (across each investigated feature) were corrected usingBonferroni corrections (0.05/3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.47, 0.137, 0.882, 0.153], [0.18, 0.154, 0.88, 0.17], [0.18, 0.172, 0.369, 0.187]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 426, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Incorrect responses were replaced by the closest response rating by the researchers (e.g., a \"no\" response to the SMFQ statements was replaced with \"not true\").", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.189, 0.88, 0.205], [0.18, 0.206, 0.477, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 427, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Missed responses to the statements of the questionnaires during the experiment session were imputed with the mode of the responses for the participant under consideration, for that questionnaire.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.477, 0.206, 0.88, 0.222], [0.18, 0.224, 0.88, 0.239], [0.18, 0.241, 0.294, 0.257]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 428, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the case of three participants, data (two participants for the self-report questionnaire and one participant for the user perception questionnaires for session 3) did not get recorded due to technical issues and was replaced with mean value across all participants7.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.294, 0.241, 0.88, 0.257], [0.18, 0.258, 0.88, 0.274], [0.18, 0.276, 0.47, 0.291]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 429, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, the inputted data was not used to compute reliability scores (Cronbach’s 𝛼) and to evaluate the construct validity of the measurements mentioned in Sec.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.47, 0.276, 0.88, 0.291], [0.18, 0.293, 0.738, 0.308]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 430, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2.6 Measures and Sec.3.3 Construct Validity Analyses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.738, 0.293, 0.882, 0.308], [0.18, 0.31, 0.371, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 431, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9300000, "bbox": [[0.235, 0.335, 0.822, 0.468]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 432, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 3. Tertile edges and participant number (N) for the SMFQ scores for (a) remote study, and (b) In lab study [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9400000, "bbox": [[0.213, 0.468, 0.845, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 433, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "4RESULTS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9500000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.524, 0.265, 0.538]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 434, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "4.1Tertile categorisation for identification of wellbeing clusters.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9600000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.546, 0.618, 0.56]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 435, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The SMFQ data collected during the frst session was used for tertile categorisation of the participants into three wellbeing clusters similar to [3, 55, 85].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9700000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.566, 0.88, 0.582], [0.179, 0.583, 0.418, 0.599]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 436, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 3 shows the tertile edges and number of participants for the diferent population groups (overall, girls and boys) for both the remote study conducted in this work and our in-lab study [3, 4], across the varying wellbeing clusters (low tertile, med tertile and high tertile).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9700000, "bbox": [[0.418, 0.583, 0.88, 0.599], [0.18, 0.601, 0.882, 0.616], [0.18, 0.618, 0.646, 0.634]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 437, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.2Efectiveness of online interactions with a social robot in wellbeing assessment (RQ1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9800000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.649, 0.785, 0.664]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 438, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 3 (a) shows the longitudinal changes in the children’s wellbeing across diferent population groups (overallshown in green, girls shown in blue and boys shown in yellow) and across diferent tertiles (low, med and high) for the three sessions of the study (independent variables:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.67, 0.88, 0.685], [0.18, 0.687, 0.88, 0.703], [0.18, 0.704, 0.487, 0.72]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 439, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " tertiles; dependent variables: RCADS responses).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.487, 0.704, 0.787, 0.72]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 440, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the overall population group, Kruskal Wallis H test has shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 18.98, 𝑝=< .001;𝑝= 0.007, Holm-Bonferroni corrected) in the RCADS responses for session 1 between the tertiles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.787, 0.704, 0.88, 0.72], [0.18, 0.721, 0.881, 0.737], [0.18, 0.743, 0.768, 0.754]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 441, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwisecomparisons using Dunn’s tests, with a Bonferroni correction applied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferencesbetween low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 6, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 26, 𝑝= 0.00) and between med tertile and high tertile(𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑑= 11, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 26, 𝑝= 0.01).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.768, 0.743, 0.88, 0.754], [0.18, 0.756, 0.88, 0.772], [0.18, 0.773, 0.88, 0.789], [0.18, 0.791, 0.415, 0.806]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 442, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "7https://www.theanalysisfactor.com/seven-ways-to-make-up-data-common-methods-to-imputing-missing-data/", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.813, 0.702, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 443, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.088, 0.822, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 444, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.121, 0.086, 0.701, 0.103]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 445, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(a) Longitudinal changes in children’s wellbeingacross all population groups", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.221, 0.12, 0.5, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 446, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(b) Children’s wellbeingacross tertiles for all sessions combined", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.584, 0.121, 0.82, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 447, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10200000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.118, 0.823, 0.295]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 448, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Fig. 3. (a) Longitudinal changes in wellbeing (RCADS scores: dependent variables) across diferent population groups (overall, girls and boys) categorised into wellbeing tertiles (low, med and high; independent variables) using the SMFQ responses. (b) Children’swellbeing (RCADS scores) across tertiles for all sessions combined. ∗𝑝< 0.05 corrected.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.305, 0.824, 0.346]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 449, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In the case of the RCADS responses for session 2, Kruskal Wallis H test has shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 10.73, 𝑝= 0.005;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.378, 0.82, 0.393], [0.12, 0.395, 0.267, 0.411]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 450, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 𝑝= 0.010, Holm-Bonferroni corrected) between the tertiles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.267, 0.395, 0.628, 0.411]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 451, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwise comparisonsusing Dunn’s tests, with a Bonferroni correction applied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferences betweenlow tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 7, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 18.5, 𝑝= 0.004).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.628, 0.395, 0.82, 0.411], [0.12, 0.412, 0.82, 0.428], [0.12, 0.429, 0.524, 0.445]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 452, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While considering the RCADS responses for session 3, Kruskal Wallis H test has also shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 12.02, 𝑝= 0.002;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.447, 0.82, 0.462], [0.12, 0.464, 0.336, 0.48]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 453, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 𝑝= 0.010, Holm-Bonferroni corrected) between the tertiles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.336, 0.464, 0.706, 0.48]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 454, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwisecomparisons using Dunn’s tests, with a Bonferroni correction applied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferencesbetween low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 6, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 18.5, 𝑝= 0.004).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.706, 0.464, 0.82, 0.48], [0.12, 0.481, 0.82, 0.497], [0.12, 0.499, 0.578, 0.514]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 455, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We have also observed that while comparing across tertiles for all sessions combined for all the participants (Figure 3(b)), Kruskal Wallis H test has shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 41.29, 𝑝=< .001;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.516, 0.82, 0.532], [0.12, 0.533, 0.751, 0.549]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 456, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 𝑝= 0.007,Holm-Bonferroni corrected) between the RCADS responses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.751, 0.533, 0.822, 0.549], [0.12, 0.551, 0.475, 0.566]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 457, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwise comparisons using Dunn’s tests, with aBonferroni correction applied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferences between low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 6, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 20.5, 𝑝= 0.00) and between med tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑑= 11, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 20.5, 𝑝=0.00).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.475, 0.551, 0.82, 0.566], [0.12, 0.568, 0.82, 0.583], [0.12, 0.585, 0.82, 0.601], [0.12, 0.602, 0.151, 0.618]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 458, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This combined analysis has enabled us to identify overall trends and perform clearer comparisons between groups, thereby reinforcing the reliability of our fndings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.602, 0.822, 0.618], [0.12, 0.62, 0.411, 0.635]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 459, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A similar pattern has emerged with the RCADS scores increasing for diferent levels of wellbeing (from low to high) across sessions (as seen in Fig.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.411, 0.62, 0.82, 0.635], [0.12, 0.637, 0.58, 0.653]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 460, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3 (a)) or the overall population group as well as for all the sessions combined(Figure 3(b)).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.58, 0.637, 0.82, 0.653], [0.119, 0.654, 0.414, 0.67]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 461, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since self-report responses and parent-report responses for the RCADS were collected before the experiment sessions, we have compared the responses of the RCADS across the three modes of test administration (self-report, parent-report and robot-report for session 1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.672, 0.822, 0.687], [0.119, 0.689, 0.82, 0.705], [0.12, 0.706, 0.303, 0.722]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 462, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As seen from Figure 4, Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a Bonferroni correction applied, has indicated a statistically signifcant diference between the self-report responses and the responses during session 1 with the robot for the high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓= 9, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑜𝑡= 26, 𝑝= 0.04).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.303, 0.706, 0.822, 0.722], [0.12, 0.723, 0.82, 0.739], [0.12, 0.741, 0.576, 0.756]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 463, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, Wilcoxon rank sum test with aBonferroni correction applied has indicated a statistically signifcant diference between the parent-report responses and the responses during session 1 with the robot for the high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡= 8.5, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑜𝑡= 26, 𝑝= 0.04).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.576, 0.741, 0.82, 0.756], [0.12, 0.758, 0.82, 0.774], [0.12, 0.775, 0.797, 0.791]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 464, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Wehave not found any statistically signifcant diferences across the tertiles for the RCADS responses between session 1 for the remote study with the robot and the RCADS responses for our in-lab study [3, 4] for the overall population.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.797, 0.775, 0.82, 0.791], [0.12, 0.793, 0.82, 0.808], [0.12, 0.81, 0.807, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 465, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.089, 0.195, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 466, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.088, 0.882, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 467, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.252, 0.143, 0.798, 0.352]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 469, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Fig. 4. RCADS responses (dependent variables) across session 1 for the diferent modes of test administration from all population groups categorised into wellbeing tertiles (low, med and high; independent variables) using the SMFQ responses. ∗𝑝< 0.05 corrected.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10900000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.363, 0.882, 0.392]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 470, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In summary, our results show that across all three sessions, RCADS responses have been signifcantly higher in the high tertile than in the low tertile.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11000000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.413, 0.88, 0.428], [0.18, 0.43, 0.406, 0.446]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 471, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "RCADS responses have also been signifcantly higher for the high tertile when comparing between modes of questionnaire administration (robot-report, self-report and parent-report).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11000000, "bbox": [[0.406, 0.43, 0.88, 0.446], [0.18, 0.447, 0.803, 0.463]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 472, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.3The efect of the longitudinal interactions and co-location on user’s perception of the robot (RQ2).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.48, 0.865, 0.494]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 473, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As seen in Figure 5, Friedman’s test indicated a statistically signifcant diference in the robot anxiety measurementscores (dependent variable) for the overall population group belonging to the low tertile, across the three sessions (independent variable) 𝜒2(2) = 6.87, 𝑝= 0.032.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11200000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.5, 0.88, 0.516], [0.18, 0.517, 0.88, 0.533], [0.18, 0.535, 0.455, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 474, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post hoc analysis with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests was conducted witha Bonferroni correction applied, resulting in statistical signifcance between the robot anxiety measurement responses for session 1 and session 3 (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛1 = 16, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛2 = 14, 𝑝= 0.041).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11200000, "bbox": [[0.455, 0.535, 0.88, 0.55], [0.18, 0.552, 0.88, 0.568], [0.18, 0.569, 0.623, 0.585]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 475, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We have observed (Figure 5 (c)) that out of40 participants (20 girls and 20 boys), most participants have either maintained or improved their perception of the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11200000, "bbox": [[0.623, 0.569, 0.88, 0.585], [0.18, 0.586, 0.88, 0.602], [0.18, 0.604, 0.215, 0.619]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 476, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We defned improvement as an average increase in the self-reported ratings of the robot’s likeability, perceivedintelligence, and role as a confdante, and an average decrease in the response ratings for the robot anxiety measurement i.e.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11200000, "bbox": [[0.215, 0.604, 0.88, 0.619], [0.18, 0.621, 0.88, 0.637], [0.18, 0.638, 0.197, 0.654]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 477, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "the anxiety that the children attributed to the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11200000, "bbox": [[0.197, 0.638, 0.511, 0.654]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 478, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We did not fnd any statistically signifcant diference in the responses to the perception questionnaires (robot as confdante, robot anxiety measurement and likeability and perceived intelligence of the robot) across the tertiles throughout any of the sessions (session 1, session 2, and session 3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11300000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.656, 0.88, 0.671], [0.18, 0.673, 0.88, 0.689], [0.18, 0.69, 0.592, 0.706]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 479, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, we have observed (Figure 5 (d)) that the Kruskal Wallis H test has shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 11.13, 𝑝= 0.004; 𝑝= 0.012, Holm-Bonferroni corrected) in the children’s perception of the robot as a confdante (dependent variable) across tertiles(independent variable) for all the sessions combined.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11300000, "bbox": [[0.592, 0.69, 0.88, 0.706], [0.18, 0.708, 0.882, 0.723], [0.18, 0.725, 0.88, 0.74], [0.18, 0.742, 0.51, 0.758]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 480, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwise comparisons using Dunn’s tests, with aBonferroni correction applied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferences between low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 33, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 37, 𝑝= 0.004).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11300000, "bbox": [[0.51, 0.742, 0.88, 0.758], [0.18, 0.759, 0.88, 0.775], [0.18, 0.777, 0.419, 0.792]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 481, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Kruskal Wallis H test has also shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 8.82, 𝑝= 0.012;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11400000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.794, 0.81, 0.81]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 482, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 𝑝= 0.024,Holm-Bonferroni corrected) in the robot anxiety measurement (dependent variable) across tertiles (independent", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11400000, "bbox": [[0.81, 0.794, 0.882, 0.81], [0.18, 0.811, 0.88, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 483, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11500000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.088, 0.822, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 484, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "A Longitudinal Study of Child Wellbeing Assessment via Online Interactions with a Social Robot", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11600000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.087, 0.701, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 485, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(b) Children’s perception of robot as aconfidante (Session 1) - Girls vs Boys", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11600000, "bbox": [[0.507, 0.119, 0.698, 0.141]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 486, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Tertiles", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11600000, "bbox": [[0.344, 0.543, 0.393, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 487, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Tertiles", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11600000, "bbox": [[0.579, 0.545, 0.625, 0.559]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 488, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11700000, "bbox": [[0.237, 0.118, 0.71, 0.56]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 489, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Fig. 5. (a) Longitudinal changes in children’s anxiety measurement atributed to the robot across all population groups (overall, girlsand boys) categorised into wellbeing tertiles (low, med and high) using the SMFQ responses. (b) Gender-based variability in the role of the robot as a confidante in the remote study. (c) Total percentage of the population that had consistent or improved user perception. User perception changes across tertiles for all sessions combined for (d) perception of the robot as a confidante and (e) robot anxiety measurement. ∗𝑝< 0.05 corrected.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.572, 0.823, 0.638]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 490, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "variable) for all the sessions combined (Figure 5 (e)).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11900000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.656, 0.45, 0.672]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 491, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwise comparisons using Dunn’s tests, with aBonferroni correction applied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferences between low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 15, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 21, 𝑝= 0.012).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11900000, "bbox": [[0.45, 0.656, 0.82, 0.672], [0.12, 0.673, 0.82, 0.689], [0.12, 0.691, 0.362, 0.706]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 492, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We did not fnd any statistical signifcance between tertiles for all sessionscombined in the case of children’s likeability of the robot and their perceived intelligence of the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11900000, "bbox": [[0.362, 0.691, 0.82, 0.706], [0.12, 0.708, 0.731, 0.724]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 493, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As seen from Figure 6 (a), Wilcoxon rank sum test with a Bonferroni correction applied has indicated a statistically signifcant diference for the robot anxiety measurement in session 1 of the remote study and our in-lab study [1] for the med tertile of the overall population group (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑒= 18, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑖𝑛−𝑙𝑎𝑏= 24, 𝑝= 0.038).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12000000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.725, 0.82, 0.741], [0.12, 0.742, 0.82, 0.758], [0.12, 0.76, 0.705, 0.775]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 494, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, Wilcoxonrank sum test (Figure 6 (b)) with a Bonferroni correction applied has also indicated a statistically signifcant diference for the perceived intelligence of the robot in session 1 of the remote study and our in-lab study [1] for the medium tertile of the overall population group (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑒= 24, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑖𝑛−𝑙𝑎𝑏= 21, 𝑝= 0.045).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12000000, "bbox": [[0.705, 0.76, 0.82, 0.775], [0.12, 0.777, 0.82, 0.793], [0.12, 0.794, 0.82, 0.81], [0.12, 0.812, 0.628, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 495, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Wilcoxon rank sum test with a", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12000000, "bbox": [[0.628, 0.812, 0.82, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 496, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12100000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.088, 0.882, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 497, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12100000, "bbox": [[0.178, 0.089, 0.195, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 498, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Bonferroni correction applied has also indicated a statistically signifcant diference between the perceived intelligence of the robot in session 1 of the remote study and our in-lab study [1] for the high tertile of the overall population group (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑒= 24, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑖𝑛−𝑙𝑎𝑏= 20.5, 𝑝= 0.045).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12100000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.18, 0.137, 0.88, 0.153], [0.18, 0.154, 0.461, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 499, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To sum up, our key fndings indicate that longitudinally, robot anxiety measurement has been seen to decrease for the overall population.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12200000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.172, 0.88, 0.187], [0.18, 0.189, 0.341, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 500, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, the physical presence (remote vs. in-lab) of the robot does afect users’ anxietyattributed to the robot (robot anxiety increases for the low and med tertile but decreases for the high tertile) and the perceived intelligence of the robot (decreases across all tertiles).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12200000, "bbox": [[0.341, 0.189, 0.88, 0.205], [0.18, 0.206, 0.88, 0.222], [0.18, 0.224, 0.561, 0.239]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 501, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12300000, "bbox": [[0.26, 0.25, 0.807, 0.671]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 503, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Fig. 6. User perception changes across the remote study and our in-lab study [1] categorised into wellbeing tertiles (low, med and high) using the SMFQ responses. ∗𝑝< 0.05 corrected.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12400000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.681, 0.884, 0.709]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 504, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "4.4 Gender-based diferences in the efectiveness of longitudinal wellbeing assessment and user perception (RQ3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12500000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.739, 0.199, 0.754], [0.213, 0.739, 0.826, 0.754], [0.213, 0.757, 0.332, 0.771]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 505, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "From our exploratory supplementary analyses, we have observed that in the case of girls (Figure 3 (a)), Kruskal Wallis H test has shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 10.64, 𝑝= 0.005;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12600000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.777, 0.88, 0.793], [0.18, 0.794, 0.636, 0.81]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 506, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 𝑝= 0.020, Holm-Bonferroni corrected) inthe RCADS responses (dependent variable) for session 1 between the tertiles (independent variable).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12600000, "bbox": [[0.636, 0.794, 0.88, 0.81], [0.18, 0.812, 0.771, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 507, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwise", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12600000, "bbox": [[0.771, 0.812, 0.88, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 508, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12700000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.087, 0.701, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 509, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12700000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.089, 0.82, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 510, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "comparisons using Dunn’s tests, with a Bonferroni correction applied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferencesbetween low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 6, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 28, 𝑝= 0.006) and between med tertile and high tertile(𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑑= 6, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 28, 𝑝= 0.042).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12700000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.12, 0.82, 0.135], [0.12, 0.137, 0.82, 0.153], [0.12, 0.154, 0.355, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 511, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, Friedman’s test indicated a statistically signifcant diference (Figure 3(a)) in the RCADS scores (dependentvariable) for girls belonging to the high tertile, across the three sessions (independent variable) (𝜒2(2) = 11.14, 𝑝= 0.004;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12800000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.172, 0.82, 0.187], [0.12, 0.189, 0.821, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 512, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "𝑝= 0.020, Holm-Bonferroni corrected).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.21, 0.363, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 513, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post hoc analysis with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests was conducted with aBonferroni correction applied, resulting in statistical signifcance between the RCADS responses for session 1 and session 2 (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛1 = 28, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛2 = 11.5, 𝑝= 0.007).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12800000, "bbox": [[0.363, 0.21, 0.82, 0.222], [0.12, 0.224, 0.82, 0.239], [0.12, 0.241, 0.472, 0.257]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 514, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the case of boys, as seen in Figure 3 (a), Kruskal Wallis H test has shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 7.91, 𝑝= 0.019, Holm-Bonferroni corrected) in the RCADS responses (dependent variable) for session 1 betweenthe tertiles (independent variable).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12900000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.258, 0.82, 0.274], [0.12, 0.276, 0.82, 0.291], [0.12, 0.293, 0.329, 0.308]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 515, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwise comparisons using Dunn’s tests, with a Bonferroni correctionapplied, have indicated statistically signifcant diferences between low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 9, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ=23, 𝑝= 0.016).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12900000, "bbox": [[0.329, 0.293, 0.82, 0.308], [0.12, 0.31, 0.82, 0.326], [0.12, 0.327, 0.202, 0.343]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 516, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Kruskal Wallis H test has also shown a statistically signifcant diference (𝐻(2) = 9.22, 𝑝= 0.010;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13000000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.345, 0.717, 0.36]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 517, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 𝑝= 0.024, Holm-Bonferroni corrected) in the RCADS responses (dependent variable) for session 2 between the tertiles (independent variable).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13000000, "bbox": [[0.717, 0.345, 0.822, 0.36], [0.12, 0.362, 0.82, 0.378], [0.12, 0.379, 0.176, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 518, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Post-hoc pairwise comparisons using Dunn’s tests, with a Bonferroni correction applied, have indicatedstatistically signifcant diferences between low tertile and high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑤= 8.5, 𝑀𝑑𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ= 20.5, 𝑝= 0.009).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13000000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.379, 0.82, 0.395], [0.12, 0.397, 0.795, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 519, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We did not fnd any statistically signifcant diference longitudinally (between session 1, session 2, and session 3) between the RCADS responses for boys across all tertiles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13100000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.414, 0.82, 0.43], [0.12, 0.431, 0.486, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 520, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We have also not observed any statistically signifcant diferences (Figure 4) between the modes of RCADS administration (robot report, self-report, and parent-report) across all the tertiles for girls.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13100000, "bbox": [[0.486, 0.431, 0.82, 0.447], [0.12, 0.448, 0.82, 0.464], [0.12, 0.466, 0.255, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 521, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the case of boys (Figure 4) Wilcoxon rank sum test with a Bonferroni correction applied has indicated a statistically signifcant diference between the parent-report responses and the responses during session 1 with the robot for the high tertile (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡= 7, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑜𝑡= 23, 𝑝= 0.013).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13100000, "bbox": [[0.255, 0.466, 0.82, 0.481], [0.12, 0.483, 0.82, 0.499], [0.119, 0.5, 0.572, 0.516]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 522, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, even in the case of girls and boys,we have not found any statistically signifcant diferences across the tertiles for the RCADS responses between session 1 for the remote study with the robot and the RCADS responses for our in-lab study presented in [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13100000, "bbox": [[0.572, 0.5, 0.822, 0.516], [0.119, 0.518, 0.82, 0.533], [0.12, 0.535, 0.738, 0.551]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 523, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also did not fnd any statistical signifcance while comparing user perception responses to the questionnaires for girls or boys, across the tertiles, throughout any of the sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13200000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.552, 0.82, 0.568], [0.12, 0.57, 0.541, 0.585]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 524, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, Wilcoxon rank sum test (Figure 5) has indicated a statistically signifcant diference between the children’s perception of the robot as a confdantefor the high tertile between girls and boys (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑙𝑠= 37, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑏𝑜𝑦𝑠= 33.5,𝑊= 67, 𝑝= 0.012; 𝑝= 0.030, Holm-Bonferroni corrected).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13200000, "bbox": [[0.541, 0.57, 0.821, 0.585], [0.12, 0.587, 0.82, 0.602], [0.12, 0.604, 0.822, 0.62], [0.12, 0.621, 0.256, 0.637]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 525, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While considering user perception changes for girls (Figure 6(c)), Wilcoxon rank sum test with a Bonferroni correction applied has indicated a statistically signifcant diference for the perception of the robot as a confdante in session 1 of the remote study and our in-lab study [1] for the medium tertile of the overall population group (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑒= 37, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑖𝑛−𝑙𝑎𝑏= 31, 𝑝= 0.038).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13200000, "bbox": [[0.256, 0.621, 0.82, 0.637], [0.119, 0.639, 0.82, 0.654], [0.12, 0.656, 0.82, 0.672], [0.12, 0.673, 0.506, 0.689]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 526, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, in the case of boys (Figure 6(d)), Wilcoxonrank sum test with a Bonferroni correction applied has indicated a statistically signifcant diference for robot anxiety measurement in session 1 of the remote study and our in-lab study [1] for the med tertile of the overall population group (𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑒= 20, 𝑀𝑑𝑛𝑖𝑛−𝑙𝑎𝑏= 24, 𝑝= 0.048).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13200000, "bbox": [[0.506, 0.673, 0.82, 0.689], [0.12, 0.691, 0.82, 0.706], [0.12, 0.708, 0.82, 0.724], [0.12, 0.725, 0.43, 0.741]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 527, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In summary, across genders, we have observed that the RCADS responses were signifcantly higher for the high tertile for both boys and girls in session 1 and only for boys in session 2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13300000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.743, 0.82, 0.758], [0.12, 0.76, 0.542, 0.775]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 528, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also observed that RCADS responses to the robot were signifcantly more negative for boys as compared to their parent’s perception of their wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13300000, "bbox": [[0.542, 0.76, 0.82, 0.775], [0.12, 0.777, 0.774, 0.793]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 529, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Finally,girls have a higher perception of the robot as their confdante as compared with boys and the physical presence of the robot does afect this perception.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13300000, "bbox": [[0.774, 0.777, 0.822, 0.793], [0.12, 0.794, 0.82, 0.81], [0.12, 0.812, 0.316, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 530, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13400000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.089, 0.881, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 531, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13400000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.09, 0.194, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 532, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "5DISCUSSION", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13500000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.121, 0.29, 0.136]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 533, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "The study explored the use of online robotised platform for the assessment of mental wellbeing of children where 40 children (20 girls and 20 boys, 8-13 years old) interacted with the Nao robot over Zoom or Skype for three sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.141, 0.88, 0.157], [0.18, 0.159, 0.854, 0.174]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 534, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our fndings indicate that online interactions with the robot can be used to efectively assess children’s wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.854, 0.159, 0.88, 0.174], [0.18, 0.176, 0.831, 0.192]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 535, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Furtherchildren’s perception of the robot either improved or stayed consistent and gender diferences were also observed withgirls viewing the robot more positively as a confdante.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.831, 0.176, 0.879, 0.192], [0.18, 0.193, 0.88, 0.209], [0.18, 0.211, 0.509, 0.226]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 536, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As seen from the construct validity analyses mentioned in Section 3.3, we employed a confrmatory PCA to explore the underlying structure of the SMFQ and the RCADS.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13700000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.228, 0.88, 0.244], [0.18, 0.245, 0.515, 0.261]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 537, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We found that both scales predominantly revolve around a single principal component, suggesting a consistent underlying factor in each questionnaire explaining high variance of childrens’ well being.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13700000, "bbox": [[0.515, 0.245, 0.88, 0.261], [0.18, 0.263, 0.88, 0.278], [0.18, 0.28, 0.326, 0.295]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 538, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It is important to note that not all items in these questionnaires contributed equally to thisprimary factor.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13700000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.28, 0.88, 0.295], [0.18, 0.297, 0.272, 0.313]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 539, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Specifcally, some items in both the SMFQ and RCADS did not signifcantly load onto the principal component, indicating that they might not align as closely with the core factor that these scales measure within CRI.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13700000, "bbox": [[0.272, 0.297, 0.88, 0.313], [0.18, 0.314, 0.868, 0.33]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 540, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It should be acknowledged that RCADS (as used in this study) is aimed at assessing the concepts of generalised anxiety, panic disorder, and low mood [see 26], thereby potentially afecting factor loadings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13700000, "bbox": [[0.868, 0.314, 0.88, 0.33], [0.18, 0.332, 0.882, 0.347], [0.18, 0.349, 0.679, 0.365]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 541, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Nevertheless, these results afrm the statistical efectiveness of these instruments in capturing the nuances of children’s mental health in these interactive settings during longitudinal CRI, showcasing the potential for integratingsocial robots in psychological assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13800000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.366, 0.88, 0.382], [0.18, 0.384, 0.88, 0.399], [0.18, 0.401, 0.44, 0.417]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 542, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Similar to our previous results in single-session CRI [2], the comparison between robot-administered and self-reported RCADS reveals signifcant distinctions that emphasize the potential benefts of integrating robotic assistance into mental health assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13800000, "bbox": [[0.44, 0.401, 0.88, 0.417], [0.18, 0.418, 0.88, 0.434], [0.18, 0.436, 0.603, 0.451]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 543, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This outcome represents a statistical validation rather than a behavioural indication.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13800000, "bbox": [[0.603, 0.436, 0.88, 0.451], [0.18, 0.453, 0.397, 0.468]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 544, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The analysis indicated that the robot-administered RCADS demonstrated a better ft in terms of construct validity, suggesting that interacting with a robot may facilitate disclosure of symptoms from children to assess their mental health in a statistically valid and reliable way.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13800000, "bbox": [[0.397, 0.453, 0.88, 0.468], [0.18, 0.47, 0.88, 0.486], [0.18, 0.487, 0.653, 0.503]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 545, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, in line with the literature, parents’ reports of RCADS also showed worse ft compared to the robot-administered version of RCADS, highlightingpotential bias in parents’ reporting of their children’s mental health symptoms [126] compared to their children’sreporting of it to robots.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13800000, "bbox": [[0.653, 0.487, 0.882, 0.503], [0.18, 0.505, 0.88, 0.52], [0.18, 0.522, 0.88, 0.538], [0.18, 0.539, 0.325, 0.555]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 546, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, we can infer that robot-administered questionnaires can be considered reliable (See Section 3.2.6) and valid (See Section 3.3) and as such can be utilised as credible ground truth for the evaluation of mental wellbeing of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13800000, "bbox": [[0.325, 0.539, 0.88, 0.555], [0.18, 0.557, 0.88, 0.572], [0.179, 0.574, 0.309, 0.59]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 547, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our results (Figure 3) also show that interacting with the robot online via Zoom or Skype has amplifed the diference between the wellbeing clusters, especially the low tertile and high tertile.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.591, 0.88, 0.607], [0.18, 0.608, 0.627, 0.624]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 548, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The efect is sustained over the course of three sessions as well as for all the sessions combined.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.627, 0.608, 0.88, 0.624], [0.18, 0.626, 0.516, 0.641]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 549, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also observed a decrease in the RCADS ratings for the overall population over the course of three sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.626, 0.88, 0.641], [0.18, 0.643, 0.484, 0.659]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 550, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This could be a result of the regression to mean phenomenon which is common in longitudinal studies [83] and indicates that extreme observations have a tendency to move closer to the average value upon subsequent measurements [12].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.484, 0.643, 0.88, 0.659], [0.18, 0.66, 0.88, 0.677], [0.18, 0.68, 0.479, 0.693]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 551, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The decrease in the RCADS ratings might also be attributed to the improvement in wellbeing stemming from the familiarity with a robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.479, 0.68, 0.88, 0.693], [0.18, 0.695, 0.61, 0.711]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 552, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Crossman et al [31] have demonstrated that interaction with a robot has increased the positive mood in children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.61, 0.695, 0.88, 0.711], [0.18, 0.712, 0.593, 0.728]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 553, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Robots have also been used to alleviate anxiety during medical procedures [101].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.593, 0.712, 0.88, 0.728], [0.18, 0.73, 0.381, 0.745]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 554, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Even in longitudinal HRI studies focussing on adult participants, interaction with robots has led to a decrease in stress levels [73, 103] and enhancement of participants’ mood [71].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.381, 0.73, 0.88, 0.745], [0.18, 0.747, 0.762, 0.762]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 555, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As seen from our fndings (Figure 4), the robot-assisted mode of RCADS administration seems to be very efective in categorising the population across wellbeing clusters (especially low tertile and high tertile) as compared to traditional modes of self-reporting and parent-reporting of the children’s wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14000000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.764, 0.88, 0.78], [0.18, 0.781, 0.88, 0.797], [0.18, 0.799, 0.618, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 556, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This could potentially be due to what prior", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14000000, "bbox": [[0.618, 0.799, 0.88, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 557, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14100000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.087, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 558, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14100000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.09, 0.82, 0.098]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 559, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "studies have been reporting - i.e., that children consider robots as peers [63] and social companions [89] which could contribute to them being more candid about their emotions in front of a robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14100000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.12, 0.82, 0.135], [0.12, 0.137, 0.584, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 560, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our fnding is in line with our previous work [3, 4] that also measured how wellbeing assessment of children difered across diferent modes of questionnaire administration, where the robot mode consisted of the children being physically co-located with the robot (i.e., a co-present robot).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14100000, "bbox": [[0.584, 0.137, 0.82, 0.153], [0.119, 0.154, 0.82, 0.17], [0.12, 0.172, 0.82, 0.187], [0.12, 0.189, 0.226, 0.205]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 561, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "With regard to whether co-location afects wellbeing assessment, our fndings suggest that there were no statistical diferences found across the tertiles while comparing our remote study with our in-lab study presented in [3, 4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14200000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.206, 0.82, 0.222], [0.12, 0.224, 0.79, 0.239]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 562, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is in line with previous research which suggests that co-location does not necessarily improve the objective of the CRI experience.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14200000, "bbox": [[0.79, 0.224, 0.82, 0.239], [0.12, 0.241, 0.82, 0.257], [0.12, 0.258, 0.216, 0.274]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 563, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Robinette et al [100] have demonstrated that there was minimal diference observed between the instruction-giving capabilities of a co-present robot, a remote robot and a virtual avatar robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14200000, "bbox": [[0.216, 0.258, 0.82, 0.274], [0.12, 0.276, 0.692, 0.291]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 564, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is supported by Kennedy et al [59] who have shown that learning was not improved among children while interacting with the robot in person.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14200000, "bbox": [[0.692, 0.276, 0.82, 0.291], [0.12, 0.293, 0.82, 0.308], [0.12, 0.31, 0.164, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 565, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our study fndings indicate that forthcoming robot-assisted initiatives for the assessment of wellbeing can be efectively conducted online, thus providing a logistical advantage to children to open up about their feelings from a comfortable environment (RQ1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14200000, "bbox": [[0.164, 0.31, 0.82, 0.326], [0.12, 0.327, 0.82, 0.343], [0.12, 0.345, 0.317, 0.36]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 566, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "With regard to the longitudinal changes in children’s perception of the robot (RQ2), we have observed (Figure 5) thatmost participants have maintained or improved their perception of the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.362, 0.82, 0.378], [0.12, 0.379, 0.572, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 567, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is in line with the previous literature [28] where prolonged exposure to robots has improved the opinions of Kindergarten children about the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.572, 0.379, 0.82, 0.395], [0.12, 0.397, 0.759, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 568, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, as seen from Figure 6, some children (low and med tertile) were more anxious in front of a physical robot while some children (high tertile) were more anxious in front of the remote robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.759, 0.397, 0.822, 0.412], [0.12, 0.414, 0.82, 0.43], [0.12, 0.431, 0.548, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 569, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This individual variability in attitudes could be due to their past experiences with robots and/or technology in general.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.548, 0.431, 0.82, 0.447], [0.12, 0.448, 0.567, 0.464]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 570, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Prior research has indicated that people’sattitudes towards robots were governed by their prior knowledge about robots or even technology [105], with negative representation causing negative outlooks about robots [53].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.567, 0.448, 0.82, 0.464], [0.12, 0.466, 0.82, 0.481], [0.12, 0.483, 0.48, 0.499]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 571, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We can also observe that children’s overall longitudinalperception (i.e.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.48, 0.483, 0.82, 0.499], [0.12, 0.5, 0.208, 0.516]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 572, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "combined for all sessions) of the robot as a confdante as well as their anxiety towards the robot for all sessions combined does difer across varying levels of wellbeing (Figure 5).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.208, 0.5, 0.82, 0.516], [0.12, 0.518, 0.567, 0.533]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 573, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, from our previous work [1], we have observed that the wellbeing of the children is independent of their anxiety towards the robot.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.567, 0.518, 0.82, 0.533], [0.12, 0.535, 0.7, 0.551]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 574, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This diference may arise from children’s varying perceptions of the robot that is physically present as compared to one that is remote, asobserved from our fndings (Figures 6).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.7, 0.535, 0.82, 0.551], [0.12, 0.552, 0.82, 0.568], [0.12, 0.57, 0.346, 0.585]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 575, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, prolonged exposure to robots might also alter children’s perceptiontowards robots, potentially establishing a connection between their wellbeing and their attitude towards robots.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.346, 0.57, 0.82, 0.585], [0.12, 0.587, 0.787, 0.602]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 576, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Prior research [97, 99, 117] has indicated possible links between emotional and behavioural concerns and prolonged use of digital technology such as electronic gaming and the internet.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.787, 0.587, 0.82, 0.602], [0.12, 0.604, 0.82, 0.62], [0.12, 0.621, 0.515, 0.637]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 577, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, future online robot-assisted initiatives should consider participants’ outlooks, sentiments and existing/past emotional and behavioural concerns so that thetechnology can be utilised most efectively in the assessment of mental wellbeing of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.515, 0.621, 0.82, 0.637], [0.12, 0.639, 0.82, 0.654], [0.12, 0.656, 0.678, 0.672]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 578, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "From our exploratory supplementary analyses regarding the efect of gender (RQ3) on the longitudinal robot-assisted evaluation of mental wellbeing of children, we have observed that the interaction with the online robot was able to efectively diferentiate between the high tertiles and low tertiles across boys and girls for session 1 and only for boys for session 2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.673, 0.82, 0.689], [0.12, 0.691, 0.82, 0.706], [0.12, 0.708, 0.82, 0.724], [0.12, 0.725, 0.2, 0.741]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 579, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Strait et al [119] have observed that females respond favourably to changes in robot behaviour while males tend to prefer consistency.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.2, 0.725, 0.82, 0.741], [0.12, 0.743, 0.316, 0.758]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 580, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In our study, the experimental tasks used to evaluate wellbeing remained consistent across sessions, potentially leading to the statistically signifcant diferences in wellbeing clusters for boys and not girls in session 2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.316, 0.743, 0.82, 0.758], [0.12, 0.76, 0.82, 0.775], [0.12, 0.777, 0.191, 0.793]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 581, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, the efectiveness of the online robot mode of test administration (compared with co-present robot, self-report and parent-report responses) appears to be consistent across genders.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.191, 0.777, 0.822, 0.793], [0.12, 0.794, 0.602, 0.81]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 582, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, our study shows that the benefts of using online robot-assisted methods for assessing mental wellbeing hold true regardless of the participant’s", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.602, 0.794, 0.82, 0.81], [0.12, 0.812, 0.82, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 583, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.806, 0.088, 0.881, 0.1]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 584, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.179, 0.09, 0.195, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 585, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "gender.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.12, 0.224, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 586, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In addition, while the longitudinal perception of the online robot largely improved or remained consistent across genders, there was gender-related variability in how the robot was perceived as compared to our in-lab study presented in [1].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.224, 0.12, 0.88, 0.135], [0.18, 0.137, 0.88, 0.153], [0.18, 0.154, 0.28, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 587, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For instance, while comparing the responses of girls in the remote study and responses of girls in our in-lab study [1], we observed a decrease in the robot’s perception as a confdante (Figure 6(c)).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.28, 0.154, 0.88, 0.17], [0.18, 0.172, 0.763, 0.187]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 588, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also observed apredominant increase in robot anxiety in boys (Figure 6(d)) between the remote study and our in-lab study presented in [1].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.763, 0.172, 0.88, 0.187], [0.18, 0.189, 0.88, 0.205], [0.18, 0.206, 0.2, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 589, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In addition, when comparing responses to the perception of the role of the robot as a confdante of boys and girls in the remote study (Figure 5 (b)), we observed that girls had a higher opinion of the robot as compared to boys.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.224, 0.88, 0.239], [0.18, 0.241, 0.853, 0.257]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 590, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The gender-based diferences in user perception between the remote study and our in-lab study [1] could be attributed to the general diference in the attitudes across children with regard to technology [56].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.853, 0.241, 0.88, 0.257], [0.18, 0.258, 0.88, 0.274], [0.18, 0.276, 0.683, 0.291]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 591, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further, girls’ higher willingnessto confde and share their emotions with others as compared to boys [23, 94]) could also contribute to their higher perception of the robot as a confdante in the remote study as compared to boys.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.683, 0.276, 0.88, 0.291], [0.18, 0.293, 0.88, 0.308], [0.18, 0.31, 0.652, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 592, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, in the design of future robot-led technologies for the assessment of mental wellbeing, it is crucial to take into account the diferences in children’sperceptions of the robot and their willingness to open up, to enable an environment where they feel comfortable expressing their feelings truthfully.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.652, 0.31, 0.88, 0.326], [0.18, 0.327, 0.88, 0.343], [0.18, 0.345, 0.88, 0.36], [0.18, 0.362, 0.39, 0.378]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 593, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, in order to efectively aid the psychological support teams, it is important to consider how frequently should robotised assessments be conducted to gain insights into the children’s mental wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14700000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.379, 0.88, 0.395], [0.18, 0.397, 0.751, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 594, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As we observed fromour results in the remote study mentioned here and our in-lab study [3, 4], one-of sessions, as well as longitudinal interactions with the robots, can both be efectively useful in understanding the mental wellbeing of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14700000, "bbox": [[0.751, 0.397, 0.88, 0.412], [0.18, 0.414, 0.88, 0.43], [0.18, 0.431, 0.827, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 595, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "From an HRI perspective, users’ responses, perceptions and engagement with regard to longitudinal interactions can be variedand must be taken into account while designing interactions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], 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in-home robots or virtual animated characters of robots) that also aim to provide increased accessibility to the robots.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14800000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.621, 0.88, 0.637], [0.18, 0.639, 0.88, 0.654], [0.18, 0.656, 0.665, 0.672]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 602, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Firstly, while chatbots have become increasingly popular in the mental health domain, often being used in mental health applications, they require some initiative from the participants [54].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14800000, "bbox": [[0.665, 0.656, 0.88, 0.672], [0.18, 0.673, 0.88, 0.689], [0.18, 0.691, 0.392, 0.706]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 603, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This would be difcult to encourage in our study as the participants were children and could even lead to increased drop-out rates in the longitudinal study conducted here.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14800000, "bbox": [[0.392, 0.691, 0.88, 0.706], [0.18, 0.708, 0.713, 0.724]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 604, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Secondly, in the case of in-home robots, there is a logistical disadvantage in terms of accessibility to every child 8, present in diferent parts of the world in comparison with smart devices required for online-mediated robots that are more readily available in households 9.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14900000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.725, 0.882, 0.741], [0.18, 0.743, 0.88, 0.758], [0.18, 0.76, 0.413, 0.775]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], 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physical embodiment of the robots have been shown to positively afect user responses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.499, 0.137, 0.82, 0.153], [0.12, 0.154, 0.698, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 611, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "They demonstrated that co-present robots (present in the same room as the participants) have been shown to favourably infuence users’behaviour and preference in comparison with virtual (animated character of robots) or telepresent/online (physical robots present on a camera feed).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.698, 0.154, 0.82, 0.17], [0.12, 0.172, 0.822, 0.187], [0.12, 0.189, 0.82, 0.205], [0.12, 0.206, 0.328, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 612, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In addition, Laban et al [71–73] have shown that online-mediated interactionswith robots (Pepper robot in their case) using videoconferencing platforms like Zoom have been shown to improve self-disclosure and mood of the participants.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.328, 0.206, 0.82, 0.222], [0.119, 0.224, 0.82, 0.239], [0.12, 0.241, 0.39, 0.257]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 613, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This fnding aligns well with the familiarity and comfort that children developed with online platforms like Zoom and Skype over the Covid-19 pandemic, thus facilitating a more convenient and accessible interaction environment10.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": 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"web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 616, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Using a virtual robot (or agent) would have changed the robot’s form andappearance to an animated character making it difcult to ascertain if any changes in fndings were due to the mode of the interaction (in-person vs. online) or the robot’s form (virtual animated character or the actual physical robot).Spitale et al [114] have shown that in HRI for wellbeing studies changing robot form leads to signifcant changes in user perception and interaction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.386, 0.31, 0.82, 0.326], [0.12, 0.327, 0.82, 0.343], [0.12, 0.345, 0.822, 0.36], [0.12, 0.362, 0.82, 0.378], [0.12, 0.379, 0.311, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 617, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To this end, we employed robots that interacted with the participants 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"label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 625, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Robotised assessments can harness the time efciency of ecological momentary assessment and intervention programs like Artemis-A 12 which utilise computerised adaptive testing to signifcantly reduce the duration of follow-up assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.681, 0.604, 0.82, 0.62], [0.12, 0.621, 0.82, 0.637], [0.12, 0.639, 0.694, 0.654]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 626, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This can alleviate the workload and pressure on existing psychological resources that rely solely on the verbal and written responses provided by children [67].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.694, 0.639, 0.82, 0.654], 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psychological states, theseadaptive systems can foster greater engagement, rapport, and deeper self-disclosure [68].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.242, 0.206, 0.88, 0.222], [0.18, 0.224, 0.708, 0.239]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 635, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, to ensure accurate mental health assessments, these interactions should adhere to standard practices by following a structured, validated, and well-established assessment frameworks [2].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.708, 0.224, 0.88, 0.239], [0.18, 0.241, 0.882, 0.257], [0.18, 0.258, 0.473, 0.274]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 636, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Hence, certain aspects of interaction need to remain structured and consistent in order to adhere to established protocols of wellbeing assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.473, 0.258, 0.88, 0.274], [0.18, 0.276, 0.644, 0.291]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 637, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For instance, the RCADS and the SMFQ need to be conducted in accordance with standardised guidelines to maintain the validity and reliability of the fndings [9, 25, 108].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.644, 0.276, 0.88, 0.291], [0.18, 0.293, 0.88, 0.308], [0.18, 0.31, 0.249, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 638, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The questionnaire statements could not be modifed as doing so would compromise the validity of the psychological test under consideration [118].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.249, 0.31, 0.88, 0.326], [0.18, 0.327, 0.447, 0.343]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 639, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As such, this highlights the need to balance fexibility with adherence to established protocols so as to ensure desired, valid and reliable outcomes [2].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.447, 0.327, 0.88, 0.343], [0.18, 0.345, 0.639, 0.36]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 640, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Consequently, the current adaptive approaches may not be particularly suitable for mental health assessments [see 11, \"(R4) Verbal adaptation should be limited to preserve well-being practice efcacy\"], especially with children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.362, 0.88, 0.378], [0.18, 0.379, 0.819, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 641, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, despite the potential benefts of afective technologies to quality of interaction, there are critical ethical concerns related to privacy, data security, and the handling of sensitive emotional information.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.819, 0.379, 0.882, 0.395], [0.18, 0.397, 0.88, 0.412], [0.18, 0.414, 0.662, 0.43]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 642, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These adaptive capabilities rely on processing and sharing large amounts of personal data with third parties, raising concerns about the transparency of the algorithms and the potential for biased or inappropriate responses, especially in vulnerable populations like children [65, 68].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.662, 0.414, 0.88, 0.43], [0.18, 0.431, 0.88, 0.447], [0.18, 0.448, 0.88, 0.464], [0.18, 0.466, 0.282, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 643, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, there are concerns regarding the potential for LLMs to inadvertently reinforce biases or generate inappropriate responses, which could be particularly harmful in sensitive mental health contexts [115].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.282, 0.466, 0.88, 0.481], [0.18, 0.483, 0.882, 0.499]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 644, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, if the model produces responses misaligned with a child’s developmental needs or misinterprets theemotional nuances of a situation, it could negatively afect the child’s well-being [64].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.5, 0.88, 0.516], [0.18, 0.518, 0.706, 0.533]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 645, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The opaque nature of LLMsfurther complicates eforts to fully ensure the safety and appropriateness of these interactions, emphasising the need for real-time oversight and intervention [49, 78].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.706, 0.518, 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safety in long-term HRI applications.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.705, 0.587, 0.88, 0.602], [0.18, 0.604, 0.88, 0.62], [0.18, 0.621, 0.676, 0.637]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 648, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This calls for a further essential discussion addressing the ethical concerns surrounding the use of social robots in mental wellbeing assessments, particularly regarding trust, confdentiality, and managing children’s expectationsof privacy.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.196, 0.639, 0.88, 0.654], [0.18, 0.656, 0.88, 0.672], [0.18, 0.673, 0.244, 0.689]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 649, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While social robots can foster trust and encourage self-disclosure due to their non-judgmental presence, it is crucial to communicate the limits of confdentiality clearly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.244, 0.673, 0.882, 0.689], [0.18, 0.691, 0.566, 0.706]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 650, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Children and their guardians must understand that disclosures related to safety concerns may need to be shared with trusted adults, in line with safeguarding protocols.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.566, 0.691, 0.88, 0.706], [0.18, 0.708, 0.862, 0.724]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 651, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To balance trust with safeguarding duties, a tiered privacy management strategy could be implemented, ensuring that disclosures involving harm are escalated appropriately [36].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.862, 0.708, 0.88, 0.724], [0.18, 0.725, 0.88, 0.741], [0.18, 0.743, 0.54, 0.758]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 652, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Furthermore, while robots may facilitate openness, they should serve as complementary tools, not substitutes for human caregivers, ensuring emotional support remains part of a broader care framework [68].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.54, 0.743, 0.88, 0.758], [0.18, 0.76, 0.88, 0.775], [0.18, 0.777, 0.368, 0.793]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 653, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These ethical considerations deserve their own dedicated discussions, which we are currently exploring through parallel ongoing research [76].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.368, 0.777, 0.88, 0.793], [0.18, 0.794, 0.542, 0.81]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 654, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A key fnding from our interviews with subject matter experts as mentioned in [76] is that, while robots should not make judgement calls, they can be a valuable addition to", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.542, 0.794, 0.88, 0.81], [0.18, 0.812, 0.88, 0.827]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 655, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.087, 0.7, 0.102]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 656, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15800000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.09, 0.82, 0.099]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 657, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "the children’s safeguarding team.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15800000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.12, 0.319, 0.135]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 658, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, there is a clear need for interdisciplinary dialogue to thoughtfully informpolicy and legal frameworks that defne the appropriate roles of robots in children’s lives, particularly in intimate andpersonal settings [76].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15800000, "bbox": [[0.319, 0.12, 0.82, 0.135], [0.12, 0.137, 0.82, 0.153], [0.12, 0.154, 0.252, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 659, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "6LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE WORK", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15900000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.186, 0.385, 0.2]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 660, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Although we have addressed the research questions defned at the outset of our work, our study has several limitations that we hope to address in the future.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16000000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.206, 0.82, 0.222], [0.12, 0.224, 0.344, 0.239]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 661, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "First, we have only considered verbal responses from two tasks of the study.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16100000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.241, 0.593, 0.257]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 662, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Future work will also focus on verbal responses from other tasks (e.g., Task 1: recall of happy and sad memories, Task 3: picture-based task), children’s drawings,and non-verbal responses (e.g., facial expressions, speech), enabling automatic multimodal robot-led assessment of children’s mental wellbeing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16100000, "bbox": [[0.593, 0.241, 0.82, 0.257], [0.12, 0.258, 0.822, 0.274], [0.12, 0.276, 0.82, 0.291], [0.12, 0.293, 0.294, 0.308]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 663, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Second, our research is a feasibility study conducted on a non-clinical population todetermine whether and how SARs can be used as novel tools to contribute to the holistic understanding of mental health status.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16100000, "bbox": [[0.294, 0.293, 0.82, 0.308], [0.12, 0.31, 0.82, 0.326], [0.12, 0.327, 0.159, 0.343]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 664, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In future, we do hope to conduct case-controlled designs in clinical settings with clinical populations through clinician-administered measures.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16100000, "bbox": [[0.159, 0.327, 0.82, 0.343], [0.12, 0.345, 0.32, 0.36]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 665, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Third, we have not taken into consideration whether/how the varying ethnicities of the children might infuence the robotised wellbeing assessment.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16100000, "bbox": [[0.32, 0.345, 0.82, 0.36], [0.12, 0.362, 0.538, 0.378]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 666, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In future, we aim to investigate how cultural diferences might afect the robot-led wellbeing assessment of children.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16100000, "bbox": [[0.538, 0.362, 0.82, 0.378], [0.12, 0.379, 0.546, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 667, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Fourth, we have not considered whether the children’s past experiences with robots might afect their interactionIn future, we aim to investigate how their attitudes towards robots due to their prior experiences might infuence their experience of the robotised wellbeing assessment.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16200000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.397, 0.819, 0.412], [0.12, 0.414, 0.82, 0.43], [0.12, 0.431, 0.463, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 668, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Fifth, we have not taken into account wellbeing changes between online form-flling and the experiment sessions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16200000, "bbox": [[0.463, 0.431, 0.82, 0.447], [0.12, 0.448, 0.465, 0.464]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 669, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In future, we aim to conduct self-report and parent-report questionnaires concurrently with the robot interaction session to avoid any potential fuctuations in mental wellbeing reporting.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16200000, "bbox": [[0.465, 0.448, 0.82, 0.464], [0.12, 0.466, 0.82, 0.481], [0.12, 0.483, 0.18, 0.499]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 670, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Sixth, the time frame of the longitudinal interactions has been kept relatively focused to 3-6 weeks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.5, 0.715, 0.516]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 671, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While this period allowed us to capture meaningful trends in children’s wellbeing assessments and perceptions of the robot, extendingthe study over a longer duration could ofer additional insights into the sustained dynamics of CRI [75].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.715, 0.5, 0.82, 0.516], [0.12, 0.518, 0.82, 0.533], [0.12, 0.535, 0.732, 0.551]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 672, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A longer-term study would help to further explore how children’s engagement with the robot evolves over time, especially regardingthe potential novelty efect [112].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.732, 0.535, 0.82, 0.551], [0.12, 0.552, 0.82, 0.568], [0.12, 0.57, 0.322, 0.585]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 673, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Such a study could determine whether the robot continues to maintain children’sinterest and provides sustained benefts, or if engagement declines after additional repeated interactions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.322, 0.57, 0.82, 0.585], [0.12, 0.587, 0.739, 0.602]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 674, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Nevertheless, the fndings of this study provide an important benchmark, demonstrating that over the 3–6 week period, children’sperceptions of the robot either remained stable or improved, suggesting that the novelty efect did not negatively infuence engagement within this timeframe.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.739, 0.587, 0.822, 0.602], [0.12, 0.604, 0.82, 0.62], [0.12, 0.621, 0.82, 0.637], [0.12, 0.639, 0.389, 0.654]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 675, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Future research should seek to replicate and build upon these results by extending interactions to further assess the long-term potential of social robots in child wellbeing assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.389, 0.639, 0.82, 0.654], [0.12, 0.656, 0.783, 0.672]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 676, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, while our study utilized the Nao robot, a widely recognized humanoid platform in HRI [8], it is important to consider that diferent embodiments of robots may lead to variations in children’s interactions and responses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16400000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.673, 0.82, 0.689], [0.12, 0.691, 0.787, 0.706]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 677, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Priorresearch has demonstrated that robot embodiment can signifcantly infuence factors such as trust, engagement, and self-disclosure [e.g., 69, 114], potentially afecting wellbeing assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16400000, "bbox": [[0.787, 0.691, 0.82, 0.706], [0.12, 0.708, 0.82, 0.724], [0.12, 0.725, 0.558, 0.741]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 678, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While we expect that results would remain consistent with other humanoid robots that support verbal interaction [30, 124], future research should explore how other embodiments (e.g., more machine-like designs, or animated virtual humans) might evoke diferent emotional responses or alter children’s perceptions of robots as confdants.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16400000, "bbox": [[0.558, 0.725, 0.82, 0.741], [0.12, 0.743, 0.821, 0.758], [0.12, 0.76, 0.82, 0.775], [0.12, 0.777, 0.497, 0.793]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 679, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Expanding this research to include robots with diverseembodiments will help clarify the generalizability of these fndings across various robotic platforms and better inform the role of embodiment in robot-mediated mental health assessments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16400000, "bbox": [[0.497, 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I. Abbasi is supported by the W.D.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.18, 0.421, 0.403, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 692, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Armstrong Trust PhD Studentship and the Cambridge Trusts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.403, 0.421, 0.781, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 693, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "G. Laban and H. 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1275], "position_id": 18200000, "bbox": [[0.47, 0.2, 0.717, 0.21]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 1258, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "PDF"}	# A Longitudinal Study of Child Wellbeing Assessment via Online Interactions with a Social Robot ## 1INTRODUCTION ## 2RELATED WORKS ### 2.1Wellbeing Assessments ### 2.2Digital Mental Health Support ### 2.3Child robot interaction (CRI) in mental health. ### 2.4Remote access to robots. ### 2.5Longitudinal CRI. ### 2.6Gender diferences in mental health and HRI. ### 2.7Research Qestions and Contributions ## 3METHODS ### 3.1In-lab Study ### 3.2Remote Study #### 3.2.1Participants. #### 3.2.2Setup. #### 3.2.3Robotic platform. #### 3.2.4Experiment protocol. #### 3.2.5Study tasks. #### 3.2.6Measures. ##### The measures used in this work are as follows: ###### Pre-study questionnaires: ###### In-study questionnaires: ###### Post-session questionnaires: ### 3.3Construct Validity Analyses #### 3.3.1SMFQ. #### 3.3.2RCADS - Robot administered. #### 3.3.3RCADS - Self reported. #### 3.3.4RCADS - Parents reported. #### 3.3.5Transferbility of the measurements. ### 3.4Data analyses #### 3.4.1Data clustering. #### 3.4.2Statistical analyses. ## 4RESULTS ### 4.1Tertile categorisation for identification of wellbeing clusters. ### 4.2Efectiveness of online interactions with a social robot in wellbeing assessment (RQ1). ### 4.3The efect of the longitudinal interactions and co-location on user’s perception of the robot (RQ2). ### 4.4 Gender-based diferences in the efectiveness of longitudinal wellbeing assessment and user perception (RQ3). ## 5DISCUSSION ## 6LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE WORK ## 7CONCLUSIONS
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"第一，目前中国商业银行的不良贷款率要显著低于2008年之前的时期；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 507, "txt": "第一，目前中国商业银行的不良贷款率要显著低于2008年之前的时期；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二，从不同类型金融机构而言，截止2024年第三季度，不良贷款率最高为农商行（3.04%），之后分别为城商行（1.82%）与民营银行（1.79%），相比之下，大型国有商业银行、股份制商业银行与外资银行的不良贷款率相对较低，分别为1.25%、1.25%与1.10%；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 508, "txt": "第二，从不同类型金融机构而言，截止2024年第三季度，不良贷款率最高为农商行（3.04%），之后分别为城商行（1.82%）与民营银行（1.79%），相比之下，大型国有商业银行、股份制商业银行与外资银行的不良贷款率相对较低，分别为1.25%、1.25%与1.10%；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第三，最近五年来，大多数类型的商业银行的不良贷款率稳中有降。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 509, "txt": "第三，最近五年来，大多数类型的商业银行的不良贷款率稳中有降。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2cG2895Te0LTCGZALyTDF.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 97, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2cG2895Te0LTCGZALyTDF.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "当前的不良贷款率可能明显低估了真实的不良贷款规模。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 511, "txt": "当前的不良贷款率可能明显低估了真实的不良贷款规模。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span/strong[1]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一方面，在银行贷款五级分类中，只有被列入次级类、可疑类与损失类的贷款才会被归为不良贷款，因此商业银行通常会把一些不良贷款放在关注类贷款，这不会导致不良贷款率的上升；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 512, "txt": "一方面，在银行贷款五级分类中，只有被列入次级类、可疑类与损失类的贷款才会被归为不良贷款，因此商业银行通常会把一些不良贷款放在关注类贷款，这不会导致不良贷款率的上升；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span/strong[1]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另一方面，尽管目前房地产市场调整导致房地产价格显著下行，但由于商业银行的资产负债表并未做到“以市定价”（Mark to Market），导致真实的资产损失并未在账面上表现出来。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 513, "txt": "另一方面，尽管目前房地产市场调整导致房地产价格显著下行，但由于商业银行的资产负债表并未做到“以市定价”（Mark to Market），导致真实的资产损失并未在账面上表现出来。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span/strong[1]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在首届中央金融工作会议上，“防范化解金融风险”被列为当前和今后一段时期的重点工作任务之一。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 515, "txt": "在首届中央金融工作会议上，“防范化解金融风险”被列为当前和今后一段时期的重点工作任务之一。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "资产管理公司（Asset Management Corporation，AMC）作为专业处置不良资产的金融机构，是防范化解金融风险的重要力量。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 516, "txt": "资产管理公司（Asset Management Corporation，AMC）作为专业处置不良资产的金融机构，是防范化解金融风险的重要力量。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中国的四大资产管理公司不仅在历史上成功地化解了大批商业银行不良贷款，而且有望在未来防范化解金融风险的进程中继续扮演重要角色。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 517, "txt": "中国的四大资产管理公司不仅在历史上成功地化解了大批商业银行不良贷款，而且有望在未来防范化解金融风险的进程中继续扮演重要角色。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "本文结构安排如下：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 519, "txt": "本文结构安排如下：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "首先回顾中国不良资产处置的发展历程，包括四大AMC的发展阶段、处置不良资产的主要方式及经营绩效，其次梳理国际不良资产处置经验，最后是前景展望与政策建议。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 520, "txt": "首先回顾中国不良资产处置的发展历程，包括四大AMC的发展阶段、处置不良资产的主要方式及经营绩效，其次梳理国际不良资产处置经验，最后是前景展望与政策建议。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "二、中国不良资产处置的发展历程", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 522, "txt": "二、中国不良资产处置的发展历程", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[12]/span/strong[1]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "1、四大AMC的产生与发展", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 524, "txt": "1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[13]/span/strong[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 526, "txt": "、四大", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[13]/span/strong[2]/span"}, {"position_id": 528, "txt": "AMC", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[13]/span/strong[3]/span"}, {"position_id": 530, "txt": "的产生与发展", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[13]/span/strong[4]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1997年东南亚金融危机爆发后，维持国内银行体系稳定成为中国政府的关注重点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 532, "txt": "1997年东南亚金融危机爆发后，维持国内银行体系稳定成为中国政府的关注重点。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[14]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1998年，国务院决定组建不良资产处置机构以降低商业银行不良资产率，并由财政部发行特别国债来募集相关资金。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 533, "txt": "1998年，国务院决定组建不良资产处置机构以降低商业银行不良资产率，并由财政部发行特别国债来募集相关资金。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[14]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1999年，信达资产、东方资产、长城资产、华融资产四家资产管理公司相继成立，分别收购处置建设银行、中国银行、农业银行和工商银行的不良资产。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 535, "txt": "1999年，信达资产、东方资产、长城资产、华融资产四家资产管理公司相继成立，分别收购处置建设银行、中国银行、农业银行和工商银行的不良资产。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[15]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "财政部向四家公司各注资100亿资本金，央行提供5700亿再贷款，四家公司向商业银行发行8200亿元债券。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 536, "txt": "财政部向四家公司各注资100亿资本金，央行提供5700亿再贷款，四家公司向商业银行发行8200亿元债券。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[15]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "四家资管公司运用上述资金，按照账面价值从四大商业银行处购买承接不良资产共计1.43万亿元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 537, "txt": "四家资管公司运用上述资金，按照账面价值从四大商业银行处购买承接不良资产共计1.43万亿元。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[15]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "四大资产管理公司的发展历程可分为以下三个阶段：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 539, "txt": "四大资产管理公司的发展历程可分为以下三个阶段：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一是政策性收购处置阶段。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 541, "txt": "一是政策性收购处置阶段。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[17]/span/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "该阶段由国家成立的资产管理公司集中收购银行不良资产，政府发挥主导作用。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 543, "txt": "该阶段由国家成立的资产管理公司集中收购银行不良资产，政府发挥主导作用。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[17]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在1999—2000年期间，中国开展了第一批不良资产剥离，资管公司按不良贷款面值等额收购银行不良资产，考核指标为现金回收率和费用率，最终结果由国家财政兜底。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 544, "txt": "在1999—2000年期间，中国开展了第一批不良资产剥离，资管公司按不良贷款面值等额收购银行不良资产，考核指标为现金回收率和费用率，最终结果由国家财政兜底。", "x": 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"伴随着股改进程，四家资管公司也悄然转变为金融控股集团。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[23]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一方面，有关部门推进资产管理公司在完成政策性任务后向商业化转型，允许其从事其他金融业务。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 566, "txt": "一方面，有关部门推进资产管理公司在完成政策性任务后向商业化转型，允许其从事其他金融业务。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[23]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另一方面，资产管理公司在处置化解不良资产过程中也已涉猎了多个金融领域，以战略投资者或其他身份拥有银行、证券等金融机构股权，期望开拓业务。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 567, "txt": "另一方面，资产管理公司在处置化解不良资产过程中也已涉猎了多个金融领域，以战略投资者或其他身份拥有银行、证券等金融机构股权，期望开拓业务。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[23]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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{"atoms": [{"position_id": 588, "txt": "主要有以下几种：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[29]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一是收购转让。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 590, "txt": "一是收购转让。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[30]/span/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在该模式下，资产管理公司按账面价值的一定折扣以竞标、协议收购等方式，从银行或非银机构承接不良资产包。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 592, "txt": "在该模式下，资产管理公司按账面价值的一定折扣以竞标、协议收购等方式，从银行或非银机构承接不良资产包。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[30]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通常情况下收购价在账面价值的3—5折，在收包竞争激烈的时期甚至会上涨到8折。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 593, "txt": "通常情况下收购价在账面价值的3—5折，在收包竞争激烈的时期甚至会上涨到8折。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[30]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "四大资产管理公司从一级市场收购不良资产包后，可分拆组包转让或整包转让给二级市场参与者，如民营资产管理公司、非持牌机构等赚取差价，获得收益。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 594, "txt": "四大资产管理公司从一级市场收购不良资产包后，可分拆组包转让或整包转让给二级市场参与者，如民营资产管理公司、非持牌机构等赚取差价，获得收益。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[30]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“打包处置”是常规处置方法，即对3户及以上不良资产进行组包批量转让。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 596, "txt": "“打包处置”是常规处置方法，即对3户及以上不良资产进行组包批量转让。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "采取打包的原因主要有以下两点，一是贷款金额大、项目分布广，逐笔评估处置需要耗费大量人力财力，处置周期长且效率低下，打包处置能降低处置成本并提升效率；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 598, "txt": "采取打包的原因主要有以下两点，一是贷款金额大、项目分布广，逐笔评估处置需要耗费大量人力财力，处置周期长且效率低下，打包处置能降低处置成本并提升效率；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "二是资产包内各资产质量良莠不齐，回收率低的“坏”资产难以单独出售，将其与质量较高的资产组合起来包装成资产包，易于将“坏”资产出售，提升处置率。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 599, "txt": "二是资产包内各资产质量良莠不齐，回收率低的“坏”资产难以单独出售，将其与质量较高的资产组合起来包装成资产包，易于将“坏”资产出售，提升处置率。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但在此情况下，如何对资产包合理定价成为难点所在，需要充分进行尽职调查，并运用合适的定价模型和工具以准确评估风险收益。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 600, "txt": "但在此情况下，如何对资产包合理定价成为难点所在，需要充分进行尽职调查，并运用合适的定价模型和工具以准确评估风险收益。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "二是自行处置或委托清收。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 602, "txt": "二是自行处置或委托清收。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[32]/span/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "直接催收是非诉讼手段，包括协商还款、公告催收等方式。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 604, "txt": "直接催收是非诉讼手段，包括协商还款、公告催收等方式。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[32]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "清收以诉讼为主，诉讼追偿即运用法律武器维护债权，是较为强硬的手段，主要适用于目标企业有逃废债务、挪用资金、转移资产等行为，缺乏担保措施，对催收、谈判反应不积极，协商无果等情况。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 605, "txt": "清收以诉讼为主，诉讼追偿即运用法律武器维护债权，是较为强硬的手段，主要适用于目标企业有逃废债务、挪用资金、转移资产等行为，缺乏担保措施，对催收、谈判反应不积极，协商无果等情况。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[32]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过起诉追索债务能够加大债务人履约力度，增强回款可能性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 606, "txt": "通过起诉追索债务能够加大债务人履约力度，增强回款可能性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[32]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "增值处置方式遵循了“根雕理论”，该理论形象地将不良资产处置增值过程比喻成将枯树根雕刻成精美艺术品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 608, "txt": "增值处置方式遵循了“根雕理论”，该理论形象地将不良资产处置增值过程比喻成将枯树根雕刻成精美艺术品。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[33]/span/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "增值处置方式对资产管理公司的专业能力尤其是投行化运作能力提出较高要求，被俗称为“三重”，即“重组、重整、重构”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 609, "txt": "增值处置方式对资产管理公司的专业能力尤其是投行化运作能力提出较高要求，被俗称为“三重”，即“重组、重整、重构”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[33]/span/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "主要包括以下几种方式：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 611, "txt": "主要包括以下几种方式：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[33]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一是资产重组。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 613, "txt": "一是资产重组。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[34]/span/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "资产管理公司与债务人根据不良资产风险程度、经营实际情况达成个性化重组协议，以债务重组、资产重组等方式盘活存量资产，修复企业资产负债表，帮助企业恢复经营，从而实现重组收益。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 615, "txt": "资产管理公司与债务人根据不良资产风险程度、经营实际情况达成个性化重组协议，以债务重组、资产重组等方式盘活存量资产，修复企业资产负债表，帮助企业恢复经营，从而实现重组收益。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[34]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其中常规债务重组适用于债务人出现短期流动性问题，资产管理公司以修改债务条款减免债务等方式化解企业流动性风险。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 616, "txt": "其中常规债务重组适用于债务人出现短期流动性问题，资产管理公司以修改债务条款减免债务等方式化解企业流动性风险。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[34]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "资产整合适用于经营不善但有较大增值潜力资产的债务人，资产管理公司通过重组方式清理债权债务关系，使得核心资产能够重新运营，提升资产价值。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 617, "txt": "资产整合适用于经营不善但有较大增值潜力资产的债务人，资产管理公司通过重组方式清理债权债务关系，使得核心资产能够重新运营，提升资产价值。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[34]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "二是债转股。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 619, "txt": "二是债转股。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]/span/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "债权人将持有的目标企业债权转换为企业股权，进行阶段性持股，对企业经营管理，待运营效益恢复后择机退出获得股权溢价，赚取收益。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 621, "txt": "债权人将持有的目标企业债权转换为企业股权，进行阶段性持股，对企业经营管理，待运营效益恢复后择机退出获得股权溢价，赚取收益。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "国务院发布的《关于积极稳妥降低企业杠杆率的意见》及其附件《关于市场化银行债券转股权的指导意见》中，鼓励金融资产管理公司参与开展市场化债转股。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 622, "txt": "国务院发布的《关于积极稳妥降低企业杠杆率的意见》及其附件《关于市场化银行债券转股权的指导意见》中，鼓励金融资产管理公司参与开展市场化债转股。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "债转股能够有效降低企业杠杆率和银行不良贷款率，提升企业经营效益。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 623, "txt": "债转股能够有效降低企业杠杆率和银行不良贷款率，提升企业经营效益。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "三是不良资产证券化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 625, "txt": "三是不良资产证券化。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[36]/span/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这是以不良资产产生的现金流作为偿付基础发行资产支持证券。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 627, "txt": "这是以不良资产产生的现金流作为偿付基础发行资产支持证券。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[36]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不良资产持有者将资产所有权转让给SPV，再由SPV将资产汇集成资产池，设计成证券化产品发售。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 628, "txt": "不良资产持有者将资产所有权转让给SPV，再由SPV将资产汇集成资产池，设计成证券化产品发售。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[36]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不良资产证券化作为创新性处置方式具有明显优势，能够提升不良资产处置效率（高蓓和张明，2018）和流动性投资者对发行银行风险管理能力的认可度（张潇潇和施文，2018），拓宽投资渠道，从而可能带来较高的潜在收益。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 629, "txt": "不良资产证券化作为创新性处置方式具有明显优势，能够提升不良资产处置效率（高蓓和张明，2018）和流动性投资者对发行银行风险管理能力的认可度（张潇潇和施文，2018），拓宽投资渠道，从而可能带来较高的潜在收益。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[36]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "并且不良资产证券化不会带来道德风险问题（Bubb and Kaufman，2011）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 630, "txt": "并且不良资产证券化不会带来道德风险问题（Bubb and Kaufman，2011）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[36]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然目前我国不良资产证券化水平较低，但从长远来看，随着我国不良资产规模扩大、资本市场逐渐成熟和资管机构不良资产投行化运作能力提升，资产证券化有望在不良资产处置中发挥重要作用。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 631, "txt": "虽然目前我国不良资产证券化水平较低，但从长远来看，随着我国不良资产规模扩大、资本市场逐渐成熟和资管机构不良资产投行化运作能力提升，资产证券化有望在不良资产处置中发挥重要作用。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[36]/span/span[2]"}]}, 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"web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2023年平均值为91.3%，比2012年的82.3%高出9个百分点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 647, "txt": "2023年平均值为91.3%，比2012年的82.3%高出9个百分点。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[40]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "偏高的杠杆水平意味着长期偿债能力承压。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 648, "txt": "偏高的杠杆水平意味着长期偿债能力承压。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[40]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不良资产行业本身属于资本密集型行业，资产管理公司在高负债模式下需要有较高的经营能力才能实现盈利偿还债务，维持企业运转。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 649, "txt": "不良资产行业本身属于资本密集型行业，资产管理公司在高负债模式下需要有较高的经营能力才能实现盈利偿还债务，维持企业运转。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[40]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3FH0fZ3SP1Umele2v1kwpDX.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 246, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3FH0fZ3SP1Umele2v1kwpDX.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[3]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "从资产端来看，四大AMC随着业务版图扩大，资产规模也迅速扩张。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 651, "txt": "从资产端来看，四大", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[41]/span/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 653, "txt": "AMC随着业务版图扩大，资产规模也迅速扩张。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[41]/span/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2012—2021年间，华融的资产规模在四家中均处于领先地位。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 654, "txt": "2012—2021年间，华融的资产规模在四家中均处于领先地位。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[41]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "根据其发布的招股说明书，华融的主要业务包括不良资产经营、金融服务以及资产管理和投资。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 655, "txt": "根据其发布的招股说明书，华融的主要业务包括不良资产经营、金融服务以及资产管理和投资。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[41]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而华融却在上市后开启激进的扩张战略，借助金融全牌照优势大力进军其他业务，最盛时期旗下有银行、证券、基金、信托等各类金融机构。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 656, "txt": "然而华融却在上市后开启激进的扩张战略，借助金融全牌照优势大力进军其他业务，最盛时期旗下有银行、证券、基金、信托等各类金融机构。", "x": 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{"atoms": [{"position_id": 659, "txt": "信达资产、东方资产与长城资产在此期间内的资产规模也快速增长。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[41]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然监管的加强，资产管理公司资产规模快速扩张的趋势在2018年中断，四大AMC资产总规模增速也从两位数下降为2022年的-12%，瘦身缩表效果明显。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 660, "txt": "虽然监管的加强，资产管理公司资产规模快速扩张的趋势在2018年中断，四大AMC资产总规模增速也从两位数下降为2022年的-12%，瘦身缩表效果明显。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[41]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从负债端来看，四大资产管理公司的融资来源主要为借款和应付债券，且借款以短期借款为主。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 662, "txt": "从负债端来看，四大资产管理公司的融资来源主要为借款和应付债券，且借款以短期借款为主。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[42]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 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{"atoms": [{"position_id": 670, "txt": "在2017年全国金融工作会议后，四大资产管理公司积极响应政策号召，在经营重点和业务板块划分等方面纷纷作出调整，经营绩效也有所变化。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[44]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从营业收入来看，2012—2017年间四大AMC收入总额节节攀升,2017年的营业收入总额是2012年的3倍。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 672, "txt": "从营业收入来看，2012—2017年间四大AMC收入总额节节攀升,2017年的营业收入总额是2012年的3倍。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2017年后，营业收入明显收缩，呈现波动下行趋势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 673, "txt": "2017年后，营业收入明显收缩，呈现波动下行趋势。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尤其是2022年，四大AMC收入总额同比下降34%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 674, "txt": "尤其是2022年，四大AMC收入总额同比下降34%。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在业务侧重上，四家资产管理公司有所不同。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 675, "txt": "在业务侧重上，四家资产管理公司有所不同。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "华融资产的三项业务板块中，不良资产经营业务始终占据主要地位，营业收入贡献度超过50%；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 676, "txt": "华融资产的三项业务板块中，不良资产经营业务始终占据主要地位，营业收入贡献度超过50%；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "金融服务业务次之，资产管理和投资业务占比最低。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 677, "txt": "金融服务业务次之，资产管理和投资业务占比最低。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "信达资产业务板块与华融资产较为相近，其在2019年重新划分经营分部，聚焦不良资产板块与金融服务板块，强化经营主责主业，不良资产经营业务收入占比在2018年之后显著提升，最近四年一直保持在70%以上。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 678, "txt": "信达资产业务板块与华融资产较为相近，其在2019年重新划分经营分部，聚焦不良资产板块与金融服务板块，强化经营主责主业，不良资产经营业务收入占比在2018年之后显著提升，最近四年一直保持在70%以上。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "长城资产的主营业务净收入主要来自不良资产经营管理业务，占比在75%～90%间，其余净收入来源于银行业务、保险业务、租赁业务和证券业务等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 679, "txt": "长城资产的主营业务净收入主要来自不良资产经营管理业务，占比在75%～90%间，其余净收入来源于银行业务、保险业务、租赁业务和证券业务等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "相较而言，东方资产主营业务净收入占比最高的是保险业务。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 680, "txt": "相较而言，东方资产主营业务净收入占比最高的是保险业务。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "保险业务赚取保费贡献了60%～85%的主营业务净收入，不良资产经营及处置净收入占比最高也不足30%，其余净收入来源于银行业务利息业务和证券业务手续费及佣金净收入。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 681, "txt": "保险业务赚取保费贡献了60%～85%的主营业务净收入，不良资产经营及处置净收入占比最高也不足30%，其余净收入来源于银行业务利息业务和证券业务手续费及佣金净收入。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2016—2019年间，保险业务收入占比有所下降，然而最近三年又有重新抬头态势，表明东方资产对旗下中华联合保险公司的收入依赖度较高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 682, "txt": "2016—2019年间，保险业务收入占比有所下降，然而最近三年又有重新抬头态势，表明东方资产对旗下中华联合保险公司的收入依赖度较高。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[45]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "近年来，随着四大资产管理公司经营重点变化，盈利能力有所下滑（图3）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 684, "txt": "近年来，随着四大资产管理公司经营重点变化，盈利能力有所下滑（图3）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[46]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尤其是2018年以来，四大资产管理公司的ROA下降到不足1%，甚至在个别年份为负。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 685, "txt": "尤其是2018年以来，四大资产管理公司的ROA下降到不足1%，甚至在个别年份为负。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[46]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一现象侧面反映出，一方面压降非主营业务对资产管理公司的盈利能力有明显影响，而另一方面，由于经济增速趋缓、房地产等行业风险暴露，依靠资产增值获得处置收益的运营模式已难以为继，不良资产处置难度加大，如何通过不良资产主业拓展盈利仍是资产管理公司持续探索的重点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 686, "txt": "这一现象侧面反映出，一方面压降非主营业务对资产管理公司的盈利能力有明显影响，而另一方面，由于经济增速趋缓、房地产等行业风险暴露，依靠资产增值获得处置收益的运营模式已难以为继，不良资产处置难度加大，如何通过不良资产主业拓展盈利仍是资产管理公司持续探索的重点。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[46]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2fr7M23MlDwa1DL5K5ads1t.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 269, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2fr7M23MlDwa1DL5K5ads1t.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[4]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "三、不良资产处置的国际经验", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 688, "txt": "三、不良资产处置的国际经验", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[47]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "1、美国的“RTC模式”与“TARP模式”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 690, "txt": "1", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[48]/span/strong[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 692, "txt": "、美国的“", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[48]/span/strong[2]/span"}, {"position_id": 694, "txt": "RTC", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[48]/span/strong[3]/span"}, {"position_id": 696, "txt": "模式”与“", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[48]/span/strong[4]/span"}, {"position_id": 698, "txt": "TARP", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[48]/span/strong[5]/span"}, {"position_id": 700, "txt": "模式”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[48]/span/strong[6]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国是不良资产处置经验最为丰富成熟的国家，也是最早成立资产管理公司的国家。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 702, "txt": "美国是不良资产处置经验最为丰富成熟的国家，也是最早成立资产管理公司的国家。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[49]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "历史上美国有过两次大规模处置不良资产的经历，分别是在1989—1994年和2008—2013年。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 703, "txt": "历史上美国有过两次大规模处置不良资产的经历，分别是在1989—1994年和2008—2013年。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[49]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第一次大规模处置不良资产是在储贷协会危机期间，主要采取“RTC模式”（Resolution Trust Company，重组托管公司，RTC）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 705, "txt": "第一次大规模处置不良资产是在储贷协会危机期间，主要采取“RTC模式”（Resolution Trust Company，重组托管公司，RTC）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[50]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1980年代，储贷机构资产端主要集中于房地产行业，房贷期限长，而负债端期限较短。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 706, "txt": "1980年代，储贷机构资产端主要集中于房地产行业，房贷期限长，而负债端期限较短。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[50]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "由于高利率下资产减值压力增加而负债端吸储乏力，引发储贷协会危机。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 707, "txt": "由于高利率下资产减值压力增加而负债端吸储乏力，引发储贷协会危机。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[50]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1989年美国国会通过《金融机构改革、复兴和实施法案》，设立RTC全面接管破产机构的资产和负债。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 709, "txt": "1989年美国国会通过《金融机构改革、复兴和实施法案》，设立RTC全面接管破产机构的资产和负债。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[51]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "RTC的主要职责为清收问题机构资产，通过市场化手段管理处置，资金来源于债券发行和财政部借款。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 710, "txt": "RTC的主要职责为清收问题机构资产，通过市场化手段管理处置，资金来源于债券发行和财政部借款。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[51]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "RTC处置手段主要包括公开拍卖、暗盘竞标/资产管理合同、资产证券化和合伙经营等，其中资产证券化手段尤为重要。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 711, "txt": "RTC处置手段主要包括公开拍卖、暗盘竞标/资产管理合同、资产证券化和合伙经营等，其中资产证券化手段尤为重要。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[51]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "RTC接管资产主要是住房抵押贷款，其将较为相似且能产生现金流的资产打包组合，发行证券产品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 713, "txt": "RTC接管资产主要是住房抵押贷款，其将较为相似且能产生现金流的资产打包组合，发行证券产品。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[52]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "具体而言，RTC通过向联邦国民抵押协会（FNMA,房利美）和联邦住宅抵押公司（FHLMA）出售符合条件的住房抵押贷款并获得证券,再将证券出售给投资者。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 714, "txt": "具体而言，RTC通过向联邦国民抵押协会（FNMA,房利美）和联邦住宅抵押公司（FHLMA）出售符合条件的住房抵押贷款并获得证券,再将证券出售给投资者。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[52]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "RTC在1989年—1995年间，累计托管了美国40多个州的747家储贷机构，处置资产总额共计4200多亿美元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 715, "txt": "RTC在1989年—1995年间，累计托管了美国40多个州的747家储贷机构，处置资产总额共计4200多亿美元。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[52]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二次大规模处置不良资产是在次贷危机爆发后，主要采取“TARP模式”（Troubled Asset Relief Program, TARP,问题资产救助计划）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 717, "txt": "第二次大规模处置不良资产是在次贷危机爆发后，主要采取“TARP模式”（Troubled Asset Relief Program, TARP,问题资产救助计划）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[53]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2008年10月美国国会通过《经济紧急稳定法案》，其中核心内容为7000亿美元的TARP方案,由财政部使用资金，通过购买问题资产来救助金融机构。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": 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"web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2、韩国的资产管理公司（KAMCO）模式", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 725, "txt": "2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[54]/span/strong[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 727, "txt": "、韩国的资产管理公司（", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[54]/span/strong[2]/span"}, {"position_id": 729, "txt": "KAMCO", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[54]/span/strong[3]/span"}, {"position_id": 731, "txt": "）模式", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[54]/span/strong[4]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 95, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1997年，韩国政府通过《有效处置金融机构不良资产及设立韩国资产管理公司法案》，由政府、韩国产业银行等共同出资设立不良贷款处置基金，授权韩国资产管理公司（KAMCO）为基金代理人。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 733, "txt": "1997年，韩国政府通过《有效处置金融机构不良资产及设立韩国资产管理公司法案》，由政府、韩国产业银行等共同出资设立不良贷款处置基金，授权韩国资产管理公司（KAMCO）为基金代理人。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[55]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 96, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "KAMCO原本属于韩国发展银行（KDB），后被独立出来专门集中处置银行业不良资产，资金主要来自债券发行。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 734, "txt": "KAMCO原本属于韩国发展银行（KDB），后被独立出来专门集中处置银行业不良资产，资金主要来自债券发行。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[55]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 96, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1998年3月至1999年12月，KAMCO通过基金收购44万亿韩元不良贷款，占当年银行业未偿还不良贷款规模的50%（中金公司，2022）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 735, "txt": "1998年3月至1999年12月，KAMCO通过基金收购44万亿韩元不良贷款，占当年银行业未偿还不良贷款规模的50%（中金公司，2022）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[55]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 96, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "KAMCO处置不良资产方式主要包括不良资产证券化、企业重组、债转股等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 737, "txt": "KAMCO处置不良资产方式主要包括不良资产证券化、企业重组、债转股等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[56]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不良资产证券化是韩国处置不良资产的重要手段，政府在1998年制订《资产证券化法案》以推动其深入发展。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 738, "txt": "不良资产证券化是韩国处置不良资产的重要手段，政府在1998年制订《资产证券化法案》以推动其深入发展。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[56]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "据统计，韩国约有三分之一不良资产是通过证券化手段处置（Thomas，2004）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 739, "txt": "据统计，韩国约有三分之一不良资产是通过证券化手段处置（Thomas，2004）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[56]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "KAMCO以不良贷款作为基础资产，将资产出售给特殊目的载体（Special Purpose Vehicle, SPV），由SPV发行资产支持债券给KAMCO，债券结构采用优先级债券和次级债券方式。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 740, "txt": "KAMCO以不良贷款作为基础资产，将资产出售给特殊目的载体（Special Purpose Vehicle, SPV），由SPV发行资产支持债券给KAMCO，债券结构采用优先级债券和次级债券方式。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[56]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其中优先级债券出售给公开市场投资者，次级债券由KAMCO持有。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 741, "txt": "其中优先级债券出售给公开市场投资者，次级债券由KAMCO持有。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[56]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，韩国积极将外资引入不良资产市场，学习国际先进不良资产定价和处置经验。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": 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"/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[59]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 100, "global_sentence_id": 178, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "整理回收机构一方面收购金融机构的不良资产，防止银行业风险传染；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 756, "txt": "整理回收机构一方面收购金融机构的不良资产，防止银行业风险传染；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[59]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 100, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另一方面参与实体企业再生，盘活存量资产。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 757, "txt": "另一方面参与实体企业再生，盘活存量资产。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[59]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 100, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "除了成立专门处置不良资产的资产管理公司之外，日本政府解决不良资产的另一重要举措是为银行业注入巨额公共财政资金。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 758, "txt": 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"global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从内部来看，在人口老龄化加剧、传统投资效率下降的背景下，中国经济增速由高速增长转变为中速增长。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 767, "txt": "从内部来看，在人口老龄化加剧、传统投资效率下降的背景下，中国经济增速由高速增长转变为中速增长。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[62]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随着房地产、地方债、中小金融机构等风险的进一步暴露，未来中国银行业不良资产率仍有恶化趋势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 768, "txt": "随着房地产、地方债、中小金融机构等风险的进一步暴露，未来中国银行业不良资产率仍有恶化趋势。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[62]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "笔者认为，未来要妥善化解新一轮商业银行不良资产，需要“三管齐下”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 770, "txt": "笔者认为，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[63]/span/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 772, "txt": "未来要妥善化解新一轮商业银行不良资产，需要“三管齐下”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[63]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 104, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "首先，商业银行必须要靠自己的不良资产拨备与净利润去消化部分不良资产。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 774, "txt": "首先，商业银行必须要靠自己的不良资产拨备与净利润去消化部分不良资产。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[63]/span/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 104, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其次，商业银行可以通过市场化手段，将部分不良资产以市场价格转让给更具经验的第三方机构，让其去进行化解。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 775, "txt": "其次，商业银行可以通过市场化手段，将部分不良资产以市场价格转让给更具经验的第三方机构，让其去进行化解。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[63]/span/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 104, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "再次，等商业银行的资产负债表变得更加干净之后，中央政府或地方政府可以通过财政资金注资，以帮其补充资本金。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 776, "txt": "再次，等商业银行的资产负债表变得更加干净之后，中央政府或地方政府可以通过财政资金注资，以帮其补充资本金。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[63]/span/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 104, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不难看出，在上述第二个环节中，中国资产管理公司面临广阔的发展机遇，可通过综合运用收购处置、重组重整、债转股、不良资产证券化等多种方式处置不良资产，进行风险化解。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 778, "txt": "不难看出，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[64]/span/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 780, "txt": "在上述第二个环节中，中国资产管理公司面临广阔的发展机遇，可通过综合运用收购处置、重组重整、债转股、不良资产证券化等多种方式处置不良资产，进行风险化解。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[64]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 105, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而不容忽视的是，市场化挑战对资产管理公司的专业能力提出了重大考验，如何立足主业以专业手段实现资产盘活增值，助力防范化解重点领域风险，值得重点关注。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 782, "txt": "然而不容忽视的是，市场化挑战对资产管理公司的专业能力提出了重大考验，如何立足主业以专业手段实现资产盘活增值，助力防范化解重点领域风险，值得重点关注。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[64]/span/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 105, "global_sentence_id": 194, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "新形势下，为助力AMC高效处置不良资产、防范化解风险，结合不良资产处置的国际经验，笔者提出如下政策建议。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 784, "txt": "新形势下，为助力AMC高效处置不良资产、防范化解风险，结合不良资产处置的国际经验，笔者提出如下政策建议。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[65]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 106, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一是应健全资产证券化有关政策，支持引导金融机构进行不良资产证券化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 786, "txt": "一是应健全资产证券化有关政策，支持引导金融机构进行不良资产证券化。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[66]/span/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 107, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "目前不良资产证券化在实际不良资产处置中尚未被广泛应用，原因有法律监管不完善、实践操作复杂、资产管理公司投行化运作能力还需提升等等，但不良资产证券化市场发展潜力巨大，处置效率和潜在收益高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 788, "txt": "目前不良资产证券化在实际不良资产处置中尚未被广泛应用，原因有法律监管不完善、实践操作复杂、资产管理公司投行化运作能力还需提升等等，但不良资产证券化市场发展潜力巨大，处置效率和潜在收益高。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[66]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 107, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "明晰规范的法律制度能为资产证券化发展保驾护航，应完善资产证券化法律法规，对相关业务流程进行规范。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 789, "txt": "明晰规范的法律制度能为资产证券化发展保驾护航，应完善资产证券化法律法规，对相关业务流程进行规范。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[66]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 107, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "二是应完善对资产管理公司统一的监管标准。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 791, "txt": "二是应完善对资产管理公司统一的监管标准。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[67]/span/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 108, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "目前我国不良资产行业成型但不成熟，行业主体有全国性AMC、地方AMC、非持牌AMC等，但并非受相同监管约束，且不同的监管部门对行业主体认定标准存在差异。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 793, "txt": "目前我国不良资产行业成型但不成熟，行业主体有全国性AMC、地方AMC、非持牌AMC等，但并非受相同监管约束，且不同的监管部门对行业主体认定标准存在差异。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[67]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 108, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "例如地方AMC被认定为非金融机构，不享受金融机构同业拆借等同业投融资政策，在税收优惠等方面也不能享有与全国性AMC同等待遇。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 794, "txt": "例如地方AMC被认定为非金融机构，不享受金融机构同业拆借等同业投融资政策，在税收优惠等方面也不能享有与全国性AMC同等待遇。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[67]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 108, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "监管部门应形成对行业主体的统一监管标准，完善配套政策措施，激发各类资产管理公司处置不良资产的积极性和内生动力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 795, "txt": "监管部门应形成对行业主体的统一监管标准，完善配套政策措施，激发各类资产管理公司处置不良资产的积极性和内生动力。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[67]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 108, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "三是应完善不良资产处置的市场化运作机制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 797, "txt": "三是应完善不良资产处置的市场化运作机制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[68]/span/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 109, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "纵观国际不良资产处置经验，市场力量积极参与不良资产处置业务并发挥了重要作用。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 799, "txt": "纵观国际不良资产处置经验，市场力量积极参与不良资产处置业务并发挥了重要作用。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[68]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 109, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "为提高不良资产处置效率应完善市场化运作机制，加快建设统一规范的不良资产转让交易平台，降低不良资产交易门槛，吸引外国投资者、产业基金、养老基金、社保基金等参与投资，提升市场交易活跃度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 800, "txt": "为提高不良资产处置效率应完善市场化运作机制，加快建设统一规范的不良资产转让交易平台，降低不良资产交易门槛，吸引外国投资者、产业基金、养老基金、社保基金等参与投资，提升市场交易活跃度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[68]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 109, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "还应加强信息披露和透明度，健全产品信用评级标准和披露要求，推动不良资产证券化等产品合理定价。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 801, "txt": "还应加强信息披露和透明度，健全产品信用评级标准和披露要求，推动不良资产证券化等产品合理定价。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[68]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 109, "global_sentence_id": 206, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "四是应积极拓宽资产管理公司融资渠道。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 803, "txt": "四是应积极拓宽资产管理公司融资渠道。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[69]/span/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 110, "global_sentence_id": 207, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "资产管理公司负债端以短期债务为主，融资期限短，融资成本较高，融资来源有限。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 805, "txt": "资产管理公司负债端以短期债务为主，融资期限短，融资成本较高，融资来源有限。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[69]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 110, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而资产端收购的不良资产处置周期较长，在当前经济增速放缓、风险错综复杂的背景下，不良资产项目涉及债权主体多、复杂程度高、处置周期拉长，导致企业资产负债错配，影响业务开展。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 806, "txt": "而资产端收购的不良资产处置周期较长，在当前经济增速放缓、风险错综复杂的背景下，不良资产项目涉及债权主体多、复杂程度高、处置周期拉长，导致企业资产负债错配，影响业务开展。", "x": 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"国际上成熟高效的不良资产处置市场主体众多，包括一级市场批发商、二级市场分销商、各类型投资者等，在不良资产证券化等业务开展过程中资产管理公司与投资银行、信用评级机构、信托公司、律师事务所和会计事务所等机构合作密切。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 811, "txt": "国际上成熟高效的不良资产处置市场主体众多，包括一级市场批发商、二级市场分销商、各类型投资者等，在不良资产证券化等业务开展过程中资产管理公司与投资银行、信用评级机构、信托公司、律师事务所和会计事务所等机构合作密切。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[70]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 111, "global_sentence_id": 212, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "资产管理公司应加大与上下游机构合作力度，拓展与政策性开发银行等金融机构业务合作，发挥金融体系内各机构协同联动优势，更为有效地处置即将到来的大量不良资产。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 812, "txt": "资产管理公司应加大与上下游机构合作力度，拓展与政策性开发银行等金融机构业务合作，发挥金融体系内各机构协同联动优势，更为有效地处置即将到来的大量不良资产。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[70]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 111, "global_sentence_id": 213, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "参考文献：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 814, "txt": 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"tags": ["img"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 119, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "点击下方原文链接加入会员｜首席社", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 842, "txt": "点击下方原文链接加入会员｜首席社", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[5]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 120, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 首席经济学家论坛 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 844, "txt": "\n 首席经济学家论坛 ", "x": "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 138, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 张明、李明洲：中国的不良资产处置——发展历程、国际经验与政策建议 ## 一、当前中国银行业不良资产的特点 ## 二、中国不良资产处置的发展历程 ### 1、四大AMC的产生与发展 ### 2、不良资产处置的主要方式 ### 3、四大AMC的经营绩效 #### 一是杠杆率显著提升，资产负债期限错配风险突出。 #### 二是回归主业趋势加强，但盈利能力有所下降。 ## 三、不良资产处置的国际经验 ### 1、美国的“RTC模式”与“TARP模式” ### 2、韩国的资产管理公司（KAMCO）模式 ### 3、日本的RCC模式与政府注资模式 ## 四、政策建议
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"论坛上表示，如果能带来和平，他愿意辞去总统职务，或者用他的辞职换取乌克兰加入北约。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[18]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "泽连斯基表示，乌克兰将在取消战时状态后举行总统选举。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 314, "txt": "泽连斯基表示，乌克兰将在取消战时状态后举行总统选举。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[18]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美方称乌或需要新领导人", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 316, "txt": "美方称乌或需要新领导人", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/section[3]/section/section/section/section"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "据央视新闻3日报道，当地时间3月2日，美国总统国家安全事务助理华尔兹向媒体表示，美国希望能够促成俄罗斯和乌克兰达成持久和平，但是不清楚乌克兰总统泽连斯基是否准备好进行真诚的谈判。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 318, "txt": "据央视新闻3日报道，当地时间3月2日，美国总统国家安全事务助理华尔兹向媒体表示，美国希望能够促成俄罗斯和乌克兰达成持久和平，但是不清楚乌克兰总统泽连斯基是否准备好进行真诚的谈判。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[21]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在被问及美国是否希望泽连斯基辞职时，华尔兹称，美国需要的是一名能够与美国和俄罗斯打交道，并最终结束俄乌冲突的乌克兰领导人，如果泽连斯基的个人动机或政治动机明显与结束俄乌冲突背道而驰，那么这是一个很严重的问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 319, "txt": "在被问及美国是否希望泽连斯基辞职时，华尔兹称，美国需要的是一名能够与美国和俄罗斯打交道，并最终结束俄乌冲突的乌克兰领导人，如果泽连斯基的个人动机或政治动机明显与结束俄乌冲突背道而驰，那么这是一个很严重的问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[21]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国国会众议院议长约翰逊当天在接受采访时也称，必须做出改变，要么泽连斯基带着诚意重返谈判桌，要么就需要其他人来做到这一点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 321, "txt": 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当天，贝森特也表示，在乌克兰问题上，达成任何经济协议之前必须先达成和平协议。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 330, "txt": "当天，贝森特也表示，在乌克兰问题上，达成任何经济协议之前必须先达成和平协议。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[29]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "目前的计划是由欧盟向乌克兰提供安全保障，而非北约。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 331, "txt": "目前的计划是由欧盟向乌克兰提供安全保障，而非北约。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[29]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "英法的动作", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 333, "txt": "英法的动作", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/section[4]/section/section/section/section"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "据参考消息援引新加坡《联合早报》网站3月2日报道，在特朗普和泽连斯基关系闹僵后，英国首相斯塔默说，英法两国将领导一个“志愿者联盟”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 335, "txt": "据参考消息援引新加坡《联合早报》网站3月2日报道，在特朗普和泽连斯基关系闹僵后，英国首相斯塔默说，英法两国将领导一个“志愿者联盟”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[32]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "，为乌克兰提供安全保障，并制订结束与俄罗斯战争的计划。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 336, "txt": "，为乌克兰提供安全保障，并制订结束与俄罗斯战争的计划。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[32]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "报道称，斯塔默2日接受英国广播公司采访时说：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 338, "txt": "报道称，斯塔默2日接受英国广播公司采访时说：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[34]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“我们现在已经同意，英国和法国以及可能一两个其他国家将制订一项停止战争的计划，并将与美国讨论计划。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 339, "txt": "“我们现在已经同意，英国和法国以及可能一两个其他国家将制订一项停止战争的计划，并将与美国讨论计划。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[34]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他补充说，这很可能是一个由伦敦和巴黎领导的“联盟”——而不是整个欧洲——共同就安全保障进行合作。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 341, "txt": "他补充说，这很可能是一个由伦敦和巴黎领导的“联盟”——而不是整个欧洲——共同就安全保障进行合作。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[36]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "报道还称，斯塔默表示，如果达成和平协议，欧洲国家需要美国提供安全保障或支持，以阻止俄罗斯再次“入侵”乌克兰。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 343, "txt": 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "据新华国际头条报道，欧洲和欧盟十余个的国家，以及乌克兰和加拿大的领导人2日在英国伦敦举行峰会，就乌克兰危机和欧洲防务问题进行讨论。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 349, "txt": "据新华国际头条报道，欧洲和欧盟十余个的国家，以及乌克兰和加拿大的领导人2日在英国伦敦举行峰会，就乌克兰危机和欧洲防务问题进行讨论。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[44]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "英国首相斯塔默当天在峰会结束后宣布了支持乌克兰的四个步骤。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 350, "txt": "英国首相斯塔默当天在峰会结束后宣布了支持乌克兰的四个步骤。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[44]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "斯塔默在会后的新闻发布会上说，根据峰会讨论结果，各方一致同意支持乌克兰的四个步骤：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 352, "txt": "斯塔默在会后的新闻发布会上说，根据峰会讨论结果，各方一致同意支持乌克兰的四个步骤：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[46]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "继续向乌克兰提供军事援助，并对俄罗斯施加经济压力；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 353, "txt": "继续向乌克兰提供军事援助，并对俄罗斯施加经济压力；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[46]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "实现持久和平必须确保乌克兰的主权和安全，乌克兰必须参与其中；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 354, "txt": "实现持久和平必须确保乌克兰的主权和安全，乌克兰必须参与其中；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[2]/p[46]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "达成和平协议后，继续加强乌克兰的防御能力，以阻止任何未来可能的安全威胁；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 355, "txt": 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"在智能座舱板块，东风日产推出的", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[30]"}, {"position_id": 585, "txt": "云享座舱", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[30]/strong"}, {"position_id": 587, "txt": "，在合资品牌中率先接入了DeepSeek等头部AI大模型。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[30]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "车机方面采用了高通骁龙8295P芯片，搭载了NISSAN OS车机系统、AI智能伙伴、自然之境五感联动系统、场景自定义、手车互联等多元功能，进一步拓宽了人车交互的边界。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 588, "txt": "车机方面采用了高通骁龙8295P芯片，搭载了NISSAN OS车机系统、AI智能伙伴、自然之境五感联动系统、场景自定义、手车互联等多元功能，进一步拓宽了人车交互的边界。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[30]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4774rA3r3q296E8VF2ItTQ.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": 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{"txt": "值得一提的是，N7将于4月份开启预售发布会，届时将披露更多产品相关亮点和预售价格，敬请期待。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 600, "txt": "值得一提的是，N7将于4月份开启预售发布会，届时将披露更多产品相关亮点和预售价格，敬请期待。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[34]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3HOwHN2K2Ak32EV9KfNHDol.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 449, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3HOwHN2K2Ak32EV9KfNHDol.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[35]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "坚定“在中国、为中国、向全球”战略，新能源转型全面提速", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 602, "txt": "坚定“在中国、为中国、向全球”战略，新能源转型全面提速", "x": 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"IOS"}, {"txt": "“东风日产会继续立足中国，持续展开‘在中国、为中国’的经营战略。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 609, "txt": "“东风日产会继续立足中国，持续展开‘在中国、为中国’的经营战略。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[39]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在2026年底前，东风日产将持续投入100亿人民币，将研发团队规模扩增至4000人，专注于电动化和智能化技术的深度探索与创新。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 611, "txt": "在2026年底前，东风日产将持续投入100亿人民币，将研发团队规模扩增至4000人，专注于电动化和智能化技术的深度探索与创新。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[39]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，东风日产积极携手中国领先科技公司，与华为合作深度整合鸿蒙生态，与Momenta共同打造基于端到端智驾大模型的高阶智驾方案，全面提升智能化竞争力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 612, "txt": "同时，东风日产积极携手中国领先科技公司，与华为合作深度整合鸿蒙生态，与Momenta共同打造基于端到端智驾大模型的高阶智驾方案，全面提升智能化竞争力。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[39]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2v9xFI3lKH5b1yFxe119DSyV.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 462, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2v9xFI3lKH5b1yFxe119DSyV.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[40]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "汽车行业洗牌加速的背景下，东风日产以一声“NI好”，对未来的新能源用户发出自信问候；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 614, "txt": "汽车行业洗牌加速的背景下，东风日产以一声“NI好”，对未来的新能源用户发出自信问候；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以“最家”技术，彰显品牌对中国新能源家庭的温暖承诺。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 615, "txt": "以“最家”技术，彰显品牌对中国新能源家庭的温暖承诺。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "秉持人·车·生活的品牌理念，东风日产将通过一场新能源“最家”革命，为合资新能源转型开创全新范式。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 616, "txt": "秉持人·车·生活的品牌理念，东风日产将通过一场新能源“最家”革命，为合资新能源转型开创全新范式。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "全球技术与本土智慧深度融合，拥抱新能源生态走向开放创新，这不仅代表着一个汽车巨头的转型决心，更是中国汽车产业从市场引领者迈向技术定义者的时代缩影。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 617, "txt": "全球技术与本土智慧深度融合，拥抱新能源生态走向开放创新，这不仅代表着一个汽车巨头的转型决心，更是中国汽车产业从市场引领者迈向技术定义者的时代缩影。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 开启转型“家”速度，东风日产全面进入新能源第一梯队 ## 东风日产技术利刃出鞘，彰显新能源转型底气 ## 新能源“最家”技术尖点释放，打造安心舒适智能的家 ### · 越级安心，打造安全可靠的移动堡垒 ### · 极致舒适，定义“好坐不晕”智电新标准 ### · 智能进阶，跻身智能化第一梯队 ## 天演架构首款重磅车型，东风日产N7将幸福的家具象化 ## 坚定“在中国、为中国、向全球”战略，新能源转型全面提速
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"shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.875, 0.84, 0.9, 0.852], [0.147, 0.866, 0.9, 0.879], [0.146, 0.891, 0.394, 0.903]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "本报告版权归太平洋证券股份有限公司所有，未经书面许可任何机构和个人不得以任何形式翻版、复制、刊登。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.394, 0.891, 0.9, 0.903], [0.146, 0.917, 0.482, 0.929]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "任何人使用本报告，视为同意以上声明。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.482, 0.917, 0.788, 0.929]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}], "type": "PDF"}	# 太平洋医药日报（20250317):Rytelo在欧盟获批上市 ## 报告摘要 ### 市场表现： ### 行业要闻： ### 公司要闻： ### 风险提示：新药研发及上市不及预期；市场竞争加剧风险等。
d4b1986c-e96a-4e6f-98db-a7693dc6c8b4	web	test/raw_web_htmls/d4b1986c-e96a-4e6f-98db-a7693dc6c8b4.html	https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/gVf3ZNMbrcxPniAfYDcMHw	{"entry_id": "d4b1986c-e96a-4e6f-98db-a7693dc6c8b4", "infos": [{"txt": "超级强势股(Super Stocks)读书笔记", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "超级强势股(Super Stocks)读书笔记", "x": ""}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 超级强势股(Super Stocks)读书笔记 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 471, "txt": "\n \n超级强势股(Super Stocks)读书笔记\n ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "超级强势股(Super Stocks)读书笔记", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 473, "txt": "超级强势股(Super Stocks)读书笔记", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/h1[1]/span"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "本书的作者是肯尼思 L. 费雪 Kenneth L. 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"这本书写于1984年，主要针对于当时的科技股的投资，其中提到的PS等的具体市值可能在现在已经不再适用，但是其中的原则却值得细细品读。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "几十年过去了，市场中的公司发生了很多变化，但是市场中仍然有很多不变的规律，比如在公司发展好的时候的盲目乐观，公司遇到困境时的极度悲观。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 489, "txt": "几十年过去了，市场中的公司发生了很多变化，但是市场中仍然有很多不变的规律，比如在公司发展好的时候的盲目乐观，公司遇到困境时的极度悲观。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "书籍要点", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 491, "txt": "书籍要点", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/h2[1]/span"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "超级强势股（super stocks）的定义：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 493, "txt": "超级强势股（super stocks）的定义：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/h3[1]/span"}]}, "tags": ["h3"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在3-5年的时间里，与期初相比，股价增长3-10倍", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 495, "txt": "在3-5年的时间里，与期初相比，股价增长3-10倍", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[1]/li[1]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以相当于次级公司的股价水平，买入超级公司的股票", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 497, "txt": "以相当于次级公司的股价水平，买入超级公司的股票", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[1]/li[2]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "超级强势股产生的原因：", "language": "chinese", "position": 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"费雪投资公司创始人、董事会主席以及首席执行官。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "曾被美国著名杂志《投资顾问》评选为30年内行业最有影响力的30人之一。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 520, "txt": "曾被美国著名杂志《投资顾问》评选为30年内行业最有影响力的30人之一。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他的父亲——菲利普•费雪，被誉为“成长股投资策略之父”，也是巴菲特所称的“投资灵感的启发者之一”，著有投资经典著作《怎样选择成长股》。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 521, "txt": "他的父亲——菲利普•费雪，被誉为“成长股投资策略之父”，也是巴菲特所称的“投资灵感的启发者之一”，著有投资经典著作《怎样选择成长股》。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "肯尼思 L. 费雪在投资领域的成就可能不亚于自己的父亲。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 523, "txt": "肯尼思 L. 费雪在投资领域的成就可能不亚于自己的父亲。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其掌管的费雪投资公司成立于1979年，公司旗下管理资产规模从上世纪90年代初的10亿美元增长至350亿美元，2009年8月曾达到450亿美元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 524, "txt": "其掌管的费雪投资公司成立于1979年，公司旗下管理资产规模从上世纪90年代初的10亿美元增长至350亿美元，2009年8月曾达到450亿美元。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第一部分剖析超级强势股——为什么会出现超级强势股的机会？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 526, "txt": "第一部分剖析超级强势股——为什么会出现超级强势股的机会？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/h1[2]/span"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "1、企业发展阶段有波折，对应股价会带来更加剧烈的波动", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 528, "txt": "1、企业发展阶段有波折，对应股价会带来更加剧烈的波动", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/h2[3]/span"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "公司发展有生命周期，在其发展的鼎盛时期，人们认为其各方面都没有问题，但是产品有生命周期，公司的管理层可能也较为青涩，没有经历过周期（经历过之后，他们可以逐步从中学习），如果原有产品的衰退比预期来的早，或者新的产品研发并没有接上，就会出现困境期，如图所示，公司销量停滞甚至下滑，同时利润大幅亏损的时期。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 530, "txt": "公司发展有生命周期，在其发展的鼎盛时期，人们认为其各方面都没有问题，但是产品有生命周期，公司的管理层可能也较为青涩，没有经历过周期（经历过之后，他们可以逐步从中学习），如果原有产品的衰退比预期来的早，或者新的产品研发并没有接上，就会出现困境期，如图所示，公司销量停滞甚至下滑，同时利润大幅亏损的时期。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但是如果公司能够成功推出新的产品等，销量会增长，同时利润也会相应的增长。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 531, "txt": "但是如果公司能够成功推出新的产品等，销量会增长，同时利润也会相应的增长。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3mLck01OS03ymt3KO1M06qC.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 100, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3mLck01OS03ymt3KO1M06qC.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[9]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "在这个过程中，股价会经历更加剧烈的周期：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 533, "txt": "在这个过程中，股价会经历更加剧烈的周期：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[10]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在最初的高速成长期的时候，人们对于公司未来充满着期待", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 535, "txt": "在最初的高速成长期的时候，人们对于公司未来充满着期待", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[4]/li[1]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一旦公司发展遇到困难，投资者就会抱怨公司没有达到他们的预期，而不是把挫败看成发展的必由之路。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 537, "txt": "一旦公司发展遇到困难，投资者就会抱怨公司没有达到他们的预期，而不是把挫败看成发展的必由之路。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[4]/li[2]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "于是股价会大幅下跌（困境使得股价下跌带来的超级强势股的机会）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 538, "txt": "于是股价会大幅下跌（困境使得股价下跌带来的超级强势股的机会）", "x": 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"edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "注意图的横坐标：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 542, "txt": "注意图的横坐标：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "时间以年计", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 543, "txt": "时间以年计", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2、什么使困境发生转变？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 545, "txt": "2、什么使困境发生转变？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[5]/li[1]/section/h2[1]/span"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "li"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "并不是所有困境中的公司都能够恢复过来，很多也就一蹶不振了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 547, "txt": "并不是所有困境中的公司都能够恢复过来，很多也就一蹶不振了。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[5]/li[1]/section/p[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二部分定价分析", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 549, "txt": "第二部分定价分析", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[5]/li[1]/section/h1/span"}]}, "tags": ["li", "h1"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "3、股票估值传统方法的问题（主要针对的是用利润或净资产为评价标准的方法）：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 551, "txt": "3、股票估值传统方法的问题（主要针对的是用利润或净资产为评价标准的方法）：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[5]/li[1]/section/h2[2]/span"}]}, "tags": ["li", "h2"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "市盈率派的缺陷", "language": 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76, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "即使能够精准预测每股收益，这种方法也只能让你赚到小钱：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 559, "txt": "即使能够精准预测每股收益，这种方法也只能让你赚到小钱：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[5]/li[4]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "主要是因为每股收益与股价的变动高度相关，市场也许不是很有效，但还没有失效到让股价与每股收益的预期值或每股收益的真实值完全偏离的程度", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 560, "txt": "主要是因为每股收益与股价的变动高度相关，市场也许不是很有效，但还没有失效到让股价与每股收益的预期值或每股收益的真实值完全偏离的程度", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[5]/li[4]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "成长型市盈率：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 562, "txt": "成长型市盈率：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[5]/li[5]/section/p[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "公司每股收益在增长，那么股价就会增长——在公司每股收益到达顶点之前，股价经常就已经提前到达了（这时候就显示出了市场的有效，提前反应了信息）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 563, "txt": "公司每股收益在增长，那么股价就会增长——在公司每股收益到达顶点之前，股价经常就已经提前到达了（这时候就显示出了市场的有效，提前反应了信息）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[5]/li[5]/section/p[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "本杰明·格雷厄姆的方法：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 565, "txt": "本杰明·格雷厄姆的方法：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[5]/li[5]/section/p[2]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "出色但是还不够", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 566, "txt": "出色但是还不够", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[5]/li[5]/section/p[2]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "《聪明的投资者》", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 568, "txt": "《聪明的投资者》", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[5]/li[6]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以尽量低的价格购买股票：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 570, "txt": "以尽量低的价格购买股票：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[5]/li[7]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种能够获得回报，但是获利的上限很低", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 571, "txt": "这种能够获得回报，但是获利的上限很低", "x": 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"txt": "作者喜欢用市销率（price sales ratios）和市研率（price research ratios）来衡量公司，他购买股票时，经常都是在公司赔钱，或者赚钱很少，以至于市盈率无限大的时候购买的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[5]/li[11]/section/p[2]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 585, "txt": "“", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/blockquote[1]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "💡 我在那些千倍市盈率股票上赚了很多钱，而在那些十倍或更少市盈率的股票上赚很少。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 587, "txt": "💡 我在那些千倍市盈率股票上赚了很多钱，而在那些十倍或更少市盈率的股票上赚很少。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/blockquote[1]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 589, "txt": "”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/blockquote[1]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4、市销率（PSR，price sales ratios）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 591, "txt": "4、市销率（PSR，price sales ratios）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/h2[4]/span"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "市销率定义下的超级成长股：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 593, "txt": "市销率定义下的超级成长股：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[13]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "公司长期内生增长率在15-20%之间", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 595, "txt": 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721, "txt": "完善的财务控制：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[1]/section[2]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对财务提问需要合理和细节化，不要问敏感问题，好的财务人员对于大多数问题都能找到答案——或者在他们脑子里，或者可以从电脑中马上查到。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 722, "txt": "对财务提问需要合理和细节化，不要问敏感问题，好的财务人员对于大多数问题都能找到答案——或者在他们脑子里，或者可以从电脑中马上查到。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[1]/section[2]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对创新的态度也非常重要。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 723, "txt": "对创新的态度也非常重要。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[1]/section[2]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "超级公司的财务人员易于接受新观点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 724, "txt": "超级公司的财务人员易于接受新观点。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[1]/section[2]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "9、规避风险-规避竞争", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 726, "txt": "9、规避风险-规避竞争", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[1]/section[2]/h2[1]/span"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "li"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 136, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "避开食蚁兽（大公司）出没的地方，进入与公司规模相适应的市场，蚂蚁公司就应该进入那些不吸引食蚁兽的小型市场", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 728, "txt": "避开食蚁兽（大公司）出没的地方，进入与公司规模相适应的市场，蚂蚁公司就应该进入那些不吸引食蚁兽的小型市场", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[1]/section[2]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 137, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小而不同会很出色", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 730, "txt": "小而不同会很出色", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[1]/section[2]/p[3]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 138, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "带着稳健的资产负债表，轻声走路：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 732, "txt": "带着稳健的资产负债表，轻声走路：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[1]/section[2]/p[4]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 139, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "债务融资的比例很重要，现金流非常重要", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 733, "txt": "债务融资的比例很重要，现金流非常重要", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[1]/section[2]/p[4]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 139, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "谁在控股：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 735, "txt": "谁在控股：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[1]/section[2]/p[5]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 140, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "关注公司管理层的利益，其个体情况", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 736, "txt": "关注公司管理层的利益，其个体情况", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[1]/section[2]/p[5]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 140, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "10、利润率分析——我这一生最想要的是别人没有的优势（All I Really Want in Life Is an Unfair Advantage）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 738, "txt": "10、利润率分析——我这一生最想要的是别人没有的优势（", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[1]/section[2]/h2[2]/span"}, {"position_id": 740, "txt": "All I Really Want in Life Is an Unfair Advantage）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[1]/section[2]/h2[2]/span/span"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "li"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 141, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "分析企业未来的利润率，是投资问题的核心，理想状态是分析未来五年的利润率", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 742, "txt": "分析企业未来的利润率，是投资问题的核心，理想状态是分析未来五年的利润率", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[1]/section[3]/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["li", "strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 142, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "先观察公司以往的利润率：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 744, "txt": "先观察公司以往的利润率：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[2]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 143, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "是长期稳定的赚钱5-7%，还是赚了好几年10%多之后，好几年没有再赚钱，平均下来利润率只有5%左右", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 745, "txt": "是长期稳定的赚钱5-7%，还是赚了好几年10%多之后，好几年没有再赚钱，平均下来利润率只有5%左右", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[2]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 143, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一个长期利润率很低的公司，说明了公司的一些情况，有可能公司是沉睡的狮子，这时候就需要一些刺激因素才能使公司重振旗鼓，通常来说，这个刺激因素通常需要新的管理层，需要文化重塑", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 747, "txt": "一个长期利润率很低的公司，说明了公司的一些情况，有可能公司是沉睡的狮子，这时候就需要一些刺激因素才能使公司重振旗鼓，通常来说，这个刺激因素通常需要新的管理层，需要文化重塑", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[3]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 144, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "问公司的管理层：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 749, "txt": "问公司的管理层：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[4]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 145, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "长期的净利润率水平是多少；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 750, "txt": "长期的净利润率水平是多少；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[4]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 145, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "想管理者询问提升净利润率水平的具体方法。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 751, "txt": "想管理者询问提升净利润率水平的具体方法。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[4]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 145, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "避免诱导性提问。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 752, "txt": "避免诱导性提问。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[4]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 145, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "提高利润率水平有两个思路，一种是提高毛利率，一种是削减各项费用，包括行政、销售或者研究费用等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 754, "txt": "提高利润率水平有两个思路，一种是提高毛利率，一种是削减各项费用，包括行政、销售或者研究费用等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[5]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 146, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其中提高毛利率是效果最持久的方法", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 755, "txt": "其中提高毛利率是效果最持久的方法", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[5]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 146, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "获得高毛利的关键是在于公司要做出独特的事情：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 757, "txt": "获得高毛利的关键是在于公司要做出独特的事情：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[6]/section/p[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 147, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "产品规划（营销）正确的掌握了消费者的未来需求和竞争特性，因此能够做出正确的产品定价和销售量估计值", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 759, "txt": "产品规划（营销）正确的掌握了消费者的未来需求和竞争特性，因此能够做出正确的产品定价和销售量估计值", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[6]/section/p[2]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 148, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "产品经工程部门设计后，使用的工艺或者原材料可以大幅降低产品成本（其他人不容易模仿）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 761, "txt": "产品经工程部门设计后，使用的工艺或者原材料可以大幅降低产品成本（其他人不容易模仿）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[6]/section/p[3]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 149, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "别人没有的优势（竞争优势）的来源：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 763, "txt": "别人没有的优势（竞争优势）的来源：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[7]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 150, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "营销优势、生产优势、研究优势 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 764, "txt": "营销优势、生产优势、研究优势 ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[7]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 150, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "相对市场占有率更加重要，看起来C公司处于更好的市场地位，最高的市场占有率，能够将更多的钱投入市场，但是这里面也有很多潜在的变量：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 766, "txt": "相对市场占有率更加重要，看起来C公司处于更好的市场地位，最高的市场占有率，能够将更多的钱投入市场，但是这里面也有很多潜在的变量：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[8]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 151, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1）如果市场的技术发生变革，C难以及时掉头，就会掉队，2）如果是高速成长的行业，小公司更容易拿到投资等扩张，也会影响市场的情况，", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 767, "txt": "1）如果市场的技术发生变革，C难以及时掉头，就会掉队，2）如果是高速成长的行业，小公司更容易拿到投资等扩张，也会影响市场的情况，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[12]/li[8]/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 151, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/xTLj31MpCRH1wD5Tm2I2iZo.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 318, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/xTLj31MpCRH1wD5Tm2I2iZo.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[22]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 152, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "11、利润率分析（续）——公示和准则", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 769, "txt": "11、利润率分析（续）——公示和准则", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[1]/h2/span"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 153, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一个公司长期的潜在利润率水平的公式：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 771, "txt": "一个公司长期的潜在利润率水平的公式：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[1]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 154, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/13PI5T3iKOkVJDQeu3DqNGU.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 326, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/13PI5T3iKOkVJDQeu3DqNGU.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[23]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 155, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "作者自己也提到这个公式是经验的总结，艺术成分大于科学成分，只是一种潜在的参考。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 773, "txt": "作者自己也提到这个公式是经验的总结，艺术成分大于科学成分，只是一种潜在的参考。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[13]/li/section/p[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 156, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "12、在实践中应用", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 775, "txt": "12、在实践中应用", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[13]/li/section/h2/span"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "li"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 157, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "实践中的理念基础：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 777, "txt": "实践中的理念基础：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[13]/li/section/p[2]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 158, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们购买的是股票，而不是整个股票市场，People buy stocks—not the whole stock market.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 779, "txt": "我们购买的是股票，而不是整个股票市场，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[1]/li[1]/section"}, {"position_id": 781, "txt": "People buy stocks—not the whole stock market.", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[1]/li[1]/section/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 159, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " It is much better to focus on the stocks and the businesses—not on the market.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 782, "txt": " It is much better to focus on the stocks and the businesses—not on the market.", "x": 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"/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[2]/li[2]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 165, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尤其是对陌生的名字感兴趣（反面是人人都熟悉的热门股票）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 801, "txt": "尤其是对陌生的名字感兴趣（反面是人人都熟悉的热门股票）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[15]/li[1]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 166, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "找出不熟悉的公司之后，查看每家公司的情况，并且在一家纸上简单归纳这家公司在经营什么，简单的财务数据，包括市销率", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 803, "txt": "找出不熟悉的公司之后，查看每家公司的情况，并且在一家纸上简单归纳这家公司在经营什么，简单的财务数据，包括市销率", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[15]/li[2]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 167, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "丢掉没有兴趣或者不够了解的（肯定错过了一些机会，但是时间有限，专注在能够理解的事情上）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 805, "txt": "丢掉没有兴趣或者不够了解的（肯定错过了一些机会，但是时间有限，专注在能够理解的事情上）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[15]/li[3]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 168, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "寻找超级公司的定性评估", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 807, "txt": "寻找超级公司的定性评估", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[3]/li/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 169, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "长期以来，试图理解：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 809, "txt": "长期以来，试图理解：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[16]/li[1]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 170, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Who is doing What Well, Where, and Why?", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 811, "txt": "Who is doing What Well, Where, and Why?", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[16]/li[1]/section/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 170, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如在California Microwave这家公司陷入困境之前，作者已经在各种场合了解了微波公司的大体情况，只是还没有详细调研。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 813, "txt": "比如在California Microwave这家公司陷入困境之前，作者已经在各种场合了解了微波公司的大体情况，只是还没有详细调研。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[16]/li[2]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 171, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "等到遭遇困境股价下跌的时候，意识到近距离观察的机会到了", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 814, "txt": "等到遭遇困境股价下跌的时候，意识到近距离观察的机会到了", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[16]/li[2]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 171, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "获取信息的来源：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 816, "txt": "获取信息的来源：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[16]/li[3]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 172, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "专业杂志、金融和技术会议，与金融分析师交流，与从事这一行业的人交流，与其他的职业投资者交流，重要的是了解信息，而不是他们的投资观点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 817, "txt": "专业杂志、金融和技术会议，与金融分析师交流，与从事这一行业的人交流，与其他的职业投资者交流，重要的是了解信息，而不是他们的投资观点。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[16]/li[3]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 172, "global_sentence_id": 194, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过阅读获取信息：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 819, "txt": "通过阅读获取信息：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[16]/li[4]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 173, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "公司的最新年报、季报、SEC Forms 10-K及SEC Forms 10-Q以及股东委托书；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 820, "txt": "公司的最新年报、季报、SEC Forms 10-K及SEC Forms 10-Q以及股东委托书；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[16]/li[4]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 173, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "公开市场的新闻；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 821, "txt": "公开市场的新闻；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[16]/li[4]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 173, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "注意时间的有效利用", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 822, "txt": "注意时间的有效利用", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[16]/li[4]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 173, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "避免来自华尔街的竞争：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 824, "txt": "避免来自华尔街的竞争：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[16]/li[5]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 174, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果已经被很多人覆盖了，就不要浪费时间了", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 825, "txt": "如果已经被很多人覆盖了，就不要浪费时间了", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ul[16]/li[5]/section"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 174, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "公司拜访：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 827, "txt": "公司拜访：", "x": 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "得出结论：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 832, "txt": "得出结论：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 177, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 834, "txt": "“", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/blockquote[1]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 178, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "💡 哪些因素可能会使股票下跌？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 836, "txt": "💡 哪些因素可能会使股票下跌？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/blockquote[1]/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 179, "global_sentence_id": 206, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我预期未来5年的销量会以怎样的速度增长？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 837, "txt": "我预期未来5年的销量会以怎样的速度增长？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/blockquote[1]/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 179, "global_sentence_id": 207, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "公司可能达到的未来利润目标是什么？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 838, "txt": "公司可能达到的未来利润目标是什么？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/blockquote[1]/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 179, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "未来几年内，市场对该公司的合理且保守的估值是多少？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 839, "txt": "未来几年内，市场对该公司的合理且保守的估值是多少？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/blockquote[1]/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 179, "global_sentence_id": 209, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "什么时候可以实现这些利润？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 840, "txt": "什么时候可以实现这些利润？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/blockquote[1]/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 179, "global_sentence_id": 210, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在3-5年的时间里，将这些利润转化为市盈率，大致是多少？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 841, "txt": "在3-5年的时间里，将这些利润转化为市盈率，大致是多少？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/blockquote[1]/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 179, "global_sentence_id": 211, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "按意愿数量购买全部股票，我需要多少资金？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 842, "txt": "按意愿数量购买全部股票，我需要多少资金？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/blockquote[1]/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 179, "global_sentence_id": 212, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一数量占该公司的股票数量是多少？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 843, "txt": "这一数量占该公司的股票数量是多少？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/blockquote[1]/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 179, "global_sentence_id": 213, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 845, "txt": "”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/blockquote[1]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 178, "global_sentence_id": 214, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "13、把钱带回家——何时卖出", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 847, "txt": "13、把钱带回家——何时卖出", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/h2/span"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "li"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 180, "global_sentence_id": 215, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 849, "txt": "“", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/blockquote[2]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 178, "global_sentence_id": 216, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "卖出的时机:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 851, "txt": "卖出的时机:", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/blockquote[2]/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 181, "global_sentence_id": 217, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " PS值高的不像话; 这家公司开始失去超级公司的特征", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 852, "txt": " PS值高的不像话; 这家公司开始失去超级公司的特征", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/blockquote[2]/p"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 181, "global_sentence_id": 218, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 854, "txt": "”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/ol[4]/li/section/blockquote[2]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 178, "global_sentence_id": 219, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在随着公司一起成长的时候，管理层创造了业绩的大幅提升，这时候容易无法客观看待管理层，即使他们犯了错误也会轻易原谅", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 856, "txt": "在随着公司一起成长的时候，管理层创造了业绩的大幅提升，这时候容易无法客观看待管理层，即使他们犯了错误也会轻易原谅", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 182, "global_sentence_id": 220, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "PS多高算高？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 858, "txt": "PS多高算高？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[26]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 183, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在做着的眼里，超过3就值得担心，超过5则非常可怕", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 859, "txt": "在做着的眼里，超过3就值得担心，超过5则非常可怕", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/p[26]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 183, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "14、实际案例", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 861, "txt": "14、实际案例", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/h2/span"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 184, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "作者介绍了自己投资的两家公司的具体案例，在这两家公司遇到财务上的问题的时候，作者如何能够逆市行动，发现了企业业务发展中的关键点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 863, "txt": "作者介绍了自己投资的两家公司的具体案例，在这两家公司遇到财务上的问题的时候，作者如何能够逆市行动，发现了企业业务发展中的关键点。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 185, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 865, "txt": "“", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/blockquote/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 186, "global_sentence_id": 225, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这本书整体的理念很值得借鉴和思考，但是在具体的实践过程中，对于行业的研究、商业的理解等仍然是重中之重，正如作者所说，有些机会在发生前，作者已经对相关行业初步研究过几年的时间。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 867, "txt": "这本书整体的理念很值得借鉴和思考，但是在具体的实践过程中，对于行业的研究、商业的理解等仍然是重中之重，正如作者所说，有些机会在发生前，作者已经对相关行业初步研究过几年的时间。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/blockquote/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 187, "global_sentence_id": 226, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 869, "txt": "”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/blockquote/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 186, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在看的过程中，中文版本有些地方看起来很不通顺，但直接看英文版也很费劲，所以我采取的方法是，主要看中文版，看到觉得不太对的地方，再去翻看英文版找原文，比如：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 871, "txt": "在看的过程中，中文版本有些地方看起来很不通顺，但直接看英文版也很费劲，所以我采取的方法是，主要看中文版，看到觉得不太对的地方，再去翻看英文版找原文，比如：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 188, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有一小节的名字是：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 873, "txt": "有一小节的名字是：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 189, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "THE ECONOMICS OF GOING PUBLIC，后文是在讨论公开上市的事情，翻译是：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 875, "txt": "THE ECONOMICS OF GOING PUBLIC，后文是在讨论公开上市的事情，翻译是：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 189, "global_sentence_id": 230, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从众经济学，显然是不对的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 876, "txt": "从众经济学，显然是不对的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 189, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而后面的一段话也出现了错误：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 878, "txt": "而后面的一段话也出现了错误：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 190, "global_sentence_id": 232, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "When a company goes public at 10 times sales, it is the same as 100 times earnings for a company earning 10 percent after-tax profits。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 880, "txt": "When a company goes public at 10 times sales, it is the same as 100 times earnings for a company earning 10 percent after-tax profits。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[5]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 191, "global_sentence_id": 233, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这句话的意思应该是，如果一个企业以10倍PS 的估值IPO，在10%净利润率的情况下，相当于是100倍PE。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 882, "txt": "这句话的意思应该是，如果一个企业以10倍PS 的估值IPO，在10%净利润率的情况下，相当于是100倍PE。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 192, "global_sentence_id": 234, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而我看的那版中文版翻译的是：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 884, "txt": "而我看的那版中文版翻译的是：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 193, "global_sentence_id": 235, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于获得10%税后利润的上市公司而言，销售额扩大十倍，相当于收益扩大100倍。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 885, "txt": "对于获得10%税后利润的上市公司而言，销售额扩大十倍，相当于收益扩大100倍。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 193, "global_sentence_id": 236, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "错的离谱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 886, "txt": "错的离谱。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 193, "global_sentence_id": 237, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "后来我找到经济科学出版社，在2000年出版的翻译版本，反而整体翻译的内容准确度要高很多。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 888, "txt": "后来我找到经济科学出版社，在2000年出版的翻译版本，反而整体翻译的内容准确度要高很多。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 194, "global_sentence_id": 238, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "————————————————————————————————", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 890, "txt": "————————————————————————————————", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 195, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "我是锦诗，一级市场从业者，看二级投资的书，其实基本理念仍可借鉴：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 892, "txt": "我是锦诗，一级市场从业者，看二级投资的书，其实基本理念仍可借鉴：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[10]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 196, "global_sentence_id": 240, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "寻找短期遇到困难，但是长期有前景的公司。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 893, "txt": "寻找短期遇到困难，但是长期有前景的公司。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[10]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 196, "global_sentence_id": 241, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "二级追高了尚有离场的机会，一级天然的长期锁定，更需要有更长远的视野和耐心。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 895, "txt": "二级追高了尚有离场的机会，一级天然的长期锁定，更需要有更长远的视野和耐心。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 197, "global_sentence_id": 242, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "欢迎关注我的公众号，关于我的介绍及写作初心，请见公众号的第一篇文章：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 897, "txt": "欢迎关注我的公众号，关于我的介绍及写作初心，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[12]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 899, "txt": "请见公众号的第一篇文章：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[12]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 198, "global_sentence_id": 243, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "我为什么写作，后台输入“联系方式”，可获得作者的联系方式。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 901, "txt": "我为什么写作", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[12]/span[2]/a"}, {"position_id": 903, "txt": "，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[12]/span[2]/a"}, {"position_id": 905, "txt": "后台输入“联系方式”，可获得作者的联系方式。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[12]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 198, "global_sentence_id": 244, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 一五一十一少年 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 907, "txt": "\n 一五一十一少年 ", "x": "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 216, "global_sentence_id": 245, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 超级强势股(Super Stocks)读书笔记 ## 书籍要点 ### 超级强势股（super stocks）的定义： ### 超级强势股产生的原因： ### 识别超级强势股的方法： ## 作者简介 ## 第一部分剖析超级强势股——为什么会出现超级强势股的机会？ ### 1、企业发展阶段有波折，对应股价会带来更加剧烈的波动 ### 2、什么使困境发生转变？ ## 第二部分定价分析 ### 3、股票估值传统方法的问题（主要针对的是用利润或净资产为评价标准的方法）： #### 市盈率派的缺陷 #### 本杰明·格雷厄姆的方法：出色但是还不够 #### 从每股收益等微观层面超脱出来，思考公司作为一个整体，以及以下信息： ### 4、市销率（PSR，price sales ratios） #### 市销率定义下的超级成长股： #### 为什么应该采用市销率的指标？ #### 关于市销率的几个规则： #### 关于PS值的几个研究结论： ### 5、市研率 ### 6、市销率在非强势股上的应用 ### 7、丑小鸭变成白天鹅 ## 第三部分：基本面分析 ### 8、超级公司：从商业角度追求卓越 ### 9、规避风险-规避竞争 ### 10、利润率分析——我这一生最想要的是别人没有的优势（All I Really Want in Life Is an Unfair Advantage） ### 11、利润率分析（续）——公示和准则 ### 12、在实践中应用 #### 实践中的理念基础： ### 13、把钱带回家——何时卖出 ### 14、实际案例
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["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "{kyeongkookseo, jaejun.yoo}@unist.ac.kr, [email protected]", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 400000, "bbox": [[0.186, 0.241, 0.74, 0.253]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "ABSTRACT", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 500000, "bbox": [[0.455, 0.288, 0.545, 0.306]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Despite recent advancements in federated learning (FL), the integration of generative models into FL has been limited due to challenges such as high communication costs and unstable training in heterogeneous data environments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 500000, "bbox": [[0.235, 0.322, 0.765, 0.337], [0.235, 0.335, 0.765, 0.351], [0.235, 0.349, 0.692, 0.364]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To address these issues, we propose PRISM, a FL framework tailored for generative models that ensures (i) stable performance in heterogeneous data distributions and (ii) resource effciency in terms of communication cost and fnal model size.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 500000, "bbox": [[0.692, 0.349, 0.765, 0.364], [0.235, 0.363, 0.765, 0.378], [0.235, 0.377, 0.765, 0.392], [0.235, 0.391, 0.706, 0.406]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The key of our method is to search for an optimal stochastic binary mask for a random network rather than updating the model weights, identifying a sparse subnetwork with high generative performance; i.e., a “strong lottery ticket”.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 500000, "bbox": [[0.706, 0.391, 0.765, 0.406], [0.235, 0.405, 0.765, 0.42], [0.235, 0.418, 0.765, 0.434], [0.235, 0.432, 0.666, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By communi-cating binary masks in a stochastic manner, PRISM minimizes communication overhead.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 500000, "bbox": [[0.666, 0.432, 0.765, 0.447], [0.235, 0.446, 0.765, 0.461], [0.235, 0.46, 0.298, 0.475]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Combined with the utilization of maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) loss and a mask-aware dynamic moving average aggregation method (MADA) on the server side, PRISM facilitates stable and strong generative capabilities by mitigating local divergence in FL scenarios.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 500000, "bbox": [[0.298, 0.46, 0.765, 0.475], [0.235, 0.474, 0.765, 0.489], [0.235, 0.488, 0.765, 0.503], [0.235, 0.501, 0.528, 0.517]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, thanks to its sparsifying characteristic, PRISM yields an lightweight model without extra pruning or quantization, making it ideal for environments such as edge devices.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 500000, "bbox": [[0.528, 0.501, 0.765, 0.517], [0.235, 0.515, 0.765, 0.53], [0.235, 0.529, 0.656, 0.544]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Experiments on MNIST, FMNIST, CelebA, and CIFAR10 demonstrate that PRISM outperforms existing methods, while maintaining privacy with minimal communication costs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 500000, "bbox": [[0.656, 0.529, 0.765, 0.544], [0.235, 0.543, 0.765, 0.558], [0.235, 0.557, 0.765, 0.572]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "PRISM is the frst to successfully generate images under challenging non-IID and privacy-preserving FL environments on complex datasets, where previous methods have struggled.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 500000, "bbox": [[0.235, 0.571, 0.765, 0.586], [0.235, 0.584, 0.765, 0.6], [0.235, 0.598, 0.361, 0.613]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our code is available at PRISM.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 500000, "bbox": [[0.361, 0.598, 0.575, 0.613]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1INTRODUCTION", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.639, 0.337, 0.657]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Recent generative models have demonstrated remarkable advancements in image quality and have been widely extended to various domains, including image-to-image translation (Choi et al., 2020;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.672, 0.829, 0.811]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Saharia et al., 2022)], layout generation (Seol et al., 2024)], text-to-image generation (Rombach et al., 2022; Ramesh et al., 2022)], and video generation (Skorokhodov et al., 2022; Kim et al., 2024b)].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.672, 0.829, 0.811]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Achieving high-quality generation with current generative models demands increasingly large datasets, leading to concerns that publicly available data will soon exhausted (Villalobos et al., 2024)].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.672, 0.829, 0.811]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Leveraging the vast amount of data stored on edge devices becomes a potential solution, but this poses signifcant challenges: not only does the private nature of the data make centralized training impractical, but edge computing itself faces hurdles, including limited resources and prohibitive communication costs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.672, 0.829, 0.811]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Federated learning (FL) (McMahan et al., 2017)] is a promising paradigm tailored to this setup, enabling clients to collaboratively train a global model without sharing their local datasets with a third party.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.818, 0.824, 0.833], [0.176, 0.832, 0.824, 0.847], [0.176, 0.845, 0.247, 0.86]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, high communication costs, performance degradation due to data heterogeneity, and the need to preserve privacy remain signifcant challenges in FL.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.247, 0.845, 0.824, 0.86], [0.176, 0.859, 0.632, 0.874]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These challenges are further intensifed in the context of generative models.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.632, 0.859, 0.824, 0.874], [0.176, 0.873, 0.487, 0.888]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Unlike classifcation tasks, generative tasks lack a well-defned objective function and focus on learning the data sample distribution, making the inte-", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.487, 0.873, 0.824, 0.888], [0.176, 0.887, 0.824, 0.902]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 900000, "bbox": [[0.194, 0.912, 0.355, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 900000, "bbox": [[0.495, 0.949, 0.506, 0.961]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "gration of FL and generative models even more diffcult.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.104, 0.55, 0.119]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A few recent works have made efforts to train generative models over distributed clients (Hardy et al., 2019; Rasouli et al., 2020; Li et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2021; Amalan et al., 2022)].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 900000, "bbox": [[0.55, 0.104, 0.824, 0.119], [0.176, 0.118, 0.824, 0.133], [0.176, 0.132, 0.489, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These methods are generally built upon generative adversarial networks (GANs) (Goodfellow et al., 2020)], which have shown impressive results in the feld of image generation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 900000, "bbox": [[0.489, 0.132, 0.824, 0.147], [0.176, 0.146, 0.824, 0.161], [0.176, 0.16, 0.368, 0.175]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DP-FedAvgGAN (Augenstein et al., 2019)], GS-WGAN (Chen et al., 2020)], and Private-FLGAN (Xin et al., 2020)] apply differential privacy (DP) (Dwork et al., 2006; Mironov, 2017)] to mitigate the potential privacy risk in FL setups.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 900000, "bbox": [[0.368, 0.16, 0.824, 0.175], [0.176, 0.174, 0.824, 0.189], [0.176, 0.187, 0.625, 0.202]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, existing works still face several challenges: 1) Previous approaches (Farnia & Ozdaglar, 2020a;b; Wang et al., 2022)] underperform, especially in non-IID (independent, identically distributed) data distribution scenarios with strong data heterogeneity across FL clients due to the notorious instability of GANs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 900000, "bbox": [[0.625, 0.187, 0.824, 0.202], [0.176, 0.201, 0.824, 0.216], [0.176, 0.215, 0.824, 0.23], [0.176, 0.229, 0.804, 0.244]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2) Performance evaluations are limited to relatively simple datasets such as MNIST, Fashion MNIST, and EMNIST.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 900000, "bbox": [[0.804, 0.229, 0.824, 0.244], [0.176, 0.243, 0.824, 0.258], [0.176, 0.257, 0.269, 0.272]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3) They suffer from signifcant communication overhead during model exchanges between the server and clients.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 900000, "bbox": [[0.269, 0.257, 0.824, 0.272], [0.176, 0.27, 0.376, 0.286]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To overcome these challenges, we propose PRivacy-preserving Improved Stochastic-Masking for generative models (PRISM), a new strategy for training generative models in FL settings with the following key features:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.292, 0.824, 0.307], [0.176, 0.306, 0.824, 0.321], [0.176, 0.319, 0.331, 0.335]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " First, at the heart of PRISM is the strong lottery ticket (SLT) hypothesis (Frankle & Carbin, 2018)], suggesting the existence of a highly effective subnetwork within a randomly initialized network.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.331, 0.319, 0.824, 0.335], [0.176, 0.333, 0.824, 0.348], [0.176, 0.347, 0.37, 0.362]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "PRISM shifts the focus towards identifying an optimal global binary mask, rather than updating the weights directly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.37, 0.347, 0.824, 0.362], [0.176, 0.361, 0.494, 0.376]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This approach enables each client to transfer the binary mask to the server instead of the full model, signifcantly reducing the overload in each communication round.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.361, 0.824, 0.376], [0.176, 0.375, 0.824, 0.39], [0.176, 0.389, 0.296, 0.404]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, when training is fnished, PRISM produces a lightweight fnal model, as each weight is already quantized, thanks to our initialization strategy.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.296, 0.389, 0.824, 0.404], [0.176, 0.402, 0.638, 0.418]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This feature provides significant advantages for resource-constrained edge devices.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.638, 0.402, 0.824, 0.418], [0.176, 0.416, 0.536, 0.431]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Second, PRISM incorporates the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) loss (Gretton et al., 2006; 2012)] during client-side updates, ensuring stable training for generative models.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.536, 0.416, 0.824, 0.431], [0.176, 0.43, 0.824, 0.445], [0.176, 0.444, 0.424, 0.459]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Third, a mask-aware dynamic moving average aggregation (MADA) is introduced to alleviate local model divergence.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.424, 0.444, 0.824, 0.459], [0.176, 0.458, 0.576, 0.473]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This allows PRISM to maintain the previous global mask information and alleviate client drift under non-IID and DP-guaranteeing scenarios.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.576, 0.458, 0.824, 0.473], [0.176, 0.472, 0.824, 0.487], [0.176, 0.485, 0.22, 0.501]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By automatically adjusting the moving average parameter based on mask correlations, this approach requires neither a regularization term nor hyperparameter tuning.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.22, 0.485, 0.824, 0.501], [0.176, 0.499, 0.67, 0.514]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Finally, PRISM offers a hybrid strategy that can fexibly trade-off between image quality and communication cost.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.67, 0.499, 0.824, 0.514], [0.176, 0.513, 0.78, 0.528]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Taken together, these features enable PRISM to consistently deliver robust performance in challenging non-IID and DP-guaranteeing FL settings, while maintaining minimal communication overhead.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.78, 0.513, 0.824, 0.528], [0.176, 0.527, 0.824, 0.542], [0.176, 0.541, 0.805, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our experimental results reveal that PRISM sets a new standard in generative model performance, signifcantly outperforming GAN-based methods in both IID and non-IID scenarios.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.562, 0.824, 0.577], [0.176, 0.576, 0.746, 0.591]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It acheives state-of-the-art image generation on complex datasets such as CelebA and CIFAR10, whereas previous methods were limited to simpler datasets like MNIST and FMNIST.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.746, 0.576, 0.824, 0.591], [0.176, 0.59, 0.824, 0.605], [0.176, 0.604, 0.658, 0.619]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This highlights PRISM’spotential for scalable and resource-effcient generative model learning in distributed environments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.658, 0.604, 0.824, 0.619], [0.176, 0.618, 0.824, 0.633]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Overall, our main contributions can be summarized as follows:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.631, 0.586, 0.647]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "• We propose PRISM, an effective FL framework that achieves state-of-the-art performanceon various benchmark datasets.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1200000, "bbox": [[0.221, 0.664, 0.824, 0.679], [0.235, 0.678, 0.443, 0.693]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It is the frst method to successfully generate images on complex datasets such as CelebA in FL scenarios that involves data heterogeneity and privacy preservation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1200000, "bbox": [[0.443, 0.678, 0.824, 0.693], [0.235, 0.692, 0.824, 0.707], [0.235, 0.705, 0.371, 0.721]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "• PRISM offers an effcient solution for federated generative models with minimal com-munication overhead by incorporating SLT with a stochastic binary mask.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.221, 0.736, 0.824, 0.752], [0.235, 0.75, 0.725, 0.765]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Even more, in conjunction with the weight initialization strategy, the fnal model acquired from PRISM becomes signifcantly lightweight, reducing to less than half the size of the initial model.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.725, 0.75, 0.824, 0.765], [0.235, 0.764, 0.824, 0.779], [0.235, 0.778, 0.812, 0.793]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "• We further enhance the stability of federated learning for generative models by introducingMMD loss and a mask-aware dynamic moving average aggregation method (MADA).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.221, 0.809, 0.824, 0.824], [0.235, 0.823, 0.796, 0.838]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To the best of our knowledge, this is the frst work to address the challenges in communication effciency, privacy, stability, and generation performance altogether for federated generative models.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.855, 0.824, 0.871], [0.176, 0.869, 0.824, 0.884]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We provide new directions to this area based on several unique characteristics, including SLT with stochastic binary mask, MMD loss, mask-aware dynamic moving average aggregation strategy, and hybrid score/mask communications.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.883, 0.824, 0.898], [0.176, 0.897, 0.824, 0.912], [0.176, 0.911, 0.412, 0.926]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.95, 0.507, 0.96]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2RELATED WORK", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1700000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.102, 0.345, 0.119]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Federated learning for classifcation models.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.131, 0.486, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "FL has achieved a signifcant success in training a global model in a distributed setup, eliminating the necessity of sharing individual client’s localdatasets with either the server or other clients.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.486, 0.131, 0.824, 0.147], [0.176, 0.146, 0.824, 0.161], [0.176, 0.16, 0.481, 0.175]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Research has been conducted on various aspects of FL, such as data heterogeneity (Zhao et al., 2018; Li et al., 2021b)], communication effciency (Isik et al., 2022; Li et al., 2021a; Mitchell et al., 2022; Basat et al., 2022)], privacy (Wei et al., 2020)], with most focusing on image classifcation tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.481, 0.16, 0.824, 0.175], [0.176, 0.173, 0.824, 0.189], [0.176, 0.187, 0.824, 0.202], [0.176, 0.201, 0.492, 0.216]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Related to our approach, FedPM (Isik et al., 2022)] and FedMask (Li et al., 2021a)] adopted binary mask communication to reduce the communication costs in FL in classifcation tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.492, 0.201, 0.824, 0.216], [0.176, 0.215, 0.824, 0.23], [0.176, 0.229, 0.406, 0.244]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "FedMask (Li et al., 2021a)] introduces binary mask communication, focusing on communication effciency and personalization in decentralized environments, while FedPM (Isik et al., 2022)] utilizes stochastic masks to minimize uplink overhead and proposes a bayesian aggregation method to robustly manage scenarios with partial client participation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.406, 0.229, 0.824, 0.244], [0.176, 0.243, 0.824, 0.258], [0.176, 0.256, 0.824, 0.272], [0.176, 0.27, 0.78, 0.285]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While the concept of incorporating SLT into FL paradigm has been studied in FedMask (Li et al., 2021a)] and FedPM (Isik et al., 2022)] for classifcation tasks, PRISM stands as an independent strategy tailored for the training of generative models across distributed clients: PRISM incorporates MMD loss for more robust performance compared to GAN-based approaches and introduces MADA to maintain a stable image generation performance in heterogeneous and DP-guaranteeing FL settings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.78, 0.27, 0.824, 0.285], [0.176, 0.284, 0.824, 0.299], [0.176, 0.298, 0.824, 0.313], [0.176, 0.312, 0.824, 0.327], [0.176, 0.326, 0.824, 0.341], [0.176, 0.339, 0.824, 0.355]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "potential benefts in various federated settings (See Appendix P).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.384, 0.603, 0.399]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Several recent works have aimed to incorporate generative models into distributed settings (Hardy et al., 2019; Amalan et al., 2022; Li et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2021; Rasouli et al., 2020; Augenstein et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2020; Xin et al., 2020)].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.603, 0.384, 0.824, 0.399], [0.176, 0.398, 0.824, 0.413], [0.176, 0.412, 0.824, 0.427], [0.176, 0.426, 0.263, 0.441]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "MD-GAN (Hardy et al., 2019)] was the frst attempt to apply generative models in the FL framework using GANs (Goodfellow et al., 2020)], extensively studied in image generation tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.263, 0.426, 0.824, 0.441], [0.176, 0.439, 0.824, 0.455]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In MD-GAN, each client holds a discriminator, and the server aggregates the discriminator feedback from each client to train the global generator.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.453, 0.824, 0.468], [0.176, 0.467, 0.474, 0.482]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To prevent overftting of local discriminators, clients exchange discriminators, incurring additional communication costs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.474, 0.467, 0.824, 0.482], [0.176, 0.481, 0.621, 0.496]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Multi-FLGAN (Amalan et al., 2022)] proposed all vs. all game approach by employing multiple generators and multiple discriminators and then selecting the most powerful network to enhance model performance.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.621, 0.481, 0.824, 0.496], [0.176, 0.495, 0.824, 0.51], [0.176, 0.509, 0.73, 0.524]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "IFL-GAN (Li et al., 2022)] improves both performance and stability by weighting each client’s feedback based onthe MMD between the images generated by the global model and the local generator.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.73, 0.509, 0.824, 0.524], [0.176, 0.522, 0.824, 0.538], [0.176, 0.536, 0.727, 0.551]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This approach maintains a balance between the generator and the discriminator, leading to Nash Equilibrium.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.727, 0.536, 0.824, 0.551], [0.176, 0.55, 0.783, 0.565]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Other works such as (Zhang et al., 2021; Rasouli et al., 2020)] have also explored the utilization of GANs in FL.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.783, 0.55, 0.824, 0.565], [0.176, 0.564, 0.824, 0.579], [0.176, 0.578, 0.216, 0.593]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, these works do not consider the challenge of privacy preservation in the context of FL and also suffer from resource issues during training and inference.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.216, 0.578, 0.824, 0.593], [0.176, 0.592, 0.63, 0.607]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Federated learning for generative models with privacy consideration.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.613, 0.663, 0.629]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Only a few prior works have focused on the privacy preservation in federated generative models (Augenstein et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2020)].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.663, 0.613, 0.824, 0.628], [0.176, 0.627, 0.824, 0.642], [0.176, 0.641, 0.307, 0.656]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DP-FedAvgGAN (Augenstein et al., 2019)] introduces to combine federated generative models and differential privacy (DP) (Dwork et al., 2006; Mironov, 2017)] to ensure privacy preservation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.307, 0.641, 0.824, 0.656], [0.176, 0.655, 0.824, 0.67], [0.176, 0.668, 0.294, 0.684]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "GS-WGAN (Chen et al., 2020)] adopts Wasserstein GAN (Gulrajani et al., 2017)] to bypass the cumbersome searching for an appropriate DP-value, leveraging the Lipschitz property.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.294, 0.668, 0.824, 0.684], [0.176, 0.682, 0.824, 0.697]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While these approaches have successfully integrated FL and generative models, they inherit drawbacks such as the notorious instability of GANs (Farnia & Ozdaglar, 2020a;b; Wang et al., 2022)] and signifcant performance drop under data heterogeneity.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.696, 0.824, 0.711], [0.176, 0.71, 0.824, 0.725], [0.176, 0.724, 0.559, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, all existing approaches suffer from huge communication and storage costs during and after training, respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.559, 0.724, 0.824, 0.739], [0.176, 0.738, 0.716, 0.753]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3BACKGROUND", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2000000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.77, 0.327, 0.788]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "3.1STRONG LOTTERY TICKETS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.8, 0.404, 0.815]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Strong Lottery Ticket (SLT) hypothesis (Frankle & Carbin, 2018;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.827, 0.601, 0.842]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Malach et al., 2020; Orseau et al., 2020)] suggest the existence of a sparse subnetwork within an initially random network that achieves a superior performance.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.601, 0.827, 0.824, 0.842], [0.176, 0.841, 0.824, 0.856], [0.176, 0.855, 0.334, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Edge-Popup (EP) algorithm (Ramanujan et al., 2020)] is one of the most popular methods to discover SLT within the dense network, which introduces a scoring mechanism to select potentially important weights among the widespread initialized weight values.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.334, 0.855, 0.824, 0.87], [0.176, 0.868, 0.824, 0.884], [0.176, 0.882, 0.737, 0.897]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "More specifically, given a randomly initialized dense network Winit, a learnable score s is trained while keeping the weight values frozen.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.737, 0.882, 0.824, 0.897], [0.176, 0.896, 0.824, 0.911], [0.176, 0.91, 0.338, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These scores are designed to encapsulate the importance of each weight for", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.338, 0.91, 0.824, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.95, 0.506, 0.96]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.171, 0.072, 0.832, 0.274]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 1: Overview of PRISM. PRISM fnds the supermask for generative models in a FL scenario. At every round t, each client k updates a local score skt via MMD loss (Step 1) and generates the privacy-preserving binary mask M tk (Step 2-1), which is sent to the server. The server aggregates the masks to obtain the global probability θt+1 (Step 3), which is converted to a score st+1 and broad-casted to the clients for the next round (Step 4). The global probability θt+1 is gradually updatedbased on mask correlation λ between M tg and M tg−1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.282, 0.829, 0.371]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "the objective function.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.393, 0.322, 0.408]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As the scores get iteratively updated, the EP algorithm progressively shrinks the model by applying binary masks to weights with higher scores, indicating their potentials to be included in the winning lottery ticket.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.322, 0.393, 0.824, 0.408], [0.176, 0.407, 0.824, 0.422], [0.176, 0.421, 0.429, 0.436]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The obtained SLT can be expressed as W = Winit ⊙M,where M is the obtained binary mask and ⊙denotes element-wise multiplication.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.429, 0.421, 0.824, 0.436], [0.176, 0.435, 0.727, 0.45]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "SLT has beenprimarily explored within the context of classifcation tasks, while Yeo et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.727, 0.435, 0.824, 0.45], [0.176, 0.448, 0.669, 0.463]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(Yeo et al., 2023)] have recently shown that SLT can also be found in generative models.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.669, 0.448, 0.824, 0.464], [0.176, 0.462, 0.597, 0.477]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2DIFFERENTIAL PRIVACY", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.5, 0.383, 0.515]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Sharing each client’s model or gradient can potentially lead to a privacy risk.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.529, 0.68, 0.544]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(ϵ, δ)-differential pri-vacy (DP) (Dwork et al., 2006)], (α, ϵ)-Re´nyi-Differential privacy (RDP) (Mironov, 2017)] are com-monly employed when tackling the privacy concerns in FL.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.68, 0.529, 0.824, 0.544], [0.176, 0.543, 0.824, 0.558], [0.176, 0.556, 0.564, 0.572]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Defnition 1 ((ϵ, δ)-Differential Privacy (Dwork et al., 2006)]) A randomized mechanism M :", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.585, 0.824, 0.601]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "X →R is (ϵ, δ)-differential privacy, if for any two adjacent datasets D, D′ and for any measurablesets S: Pr[M(D) ∈S] ≤eϵPr[M(D′) ∈S] + δ.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.601, 0.824, 0.615], [0.176, 0.613, 0.511, 0.628]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The above defnition is designed to limit the impact of individual data points by introducing randomness into M. The Gaussian mechanism (Mironov et al., 2019)] offers differential privacy guarantees ϵ222and ∆22 is L2 sensitivity.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.643, 0.824, 0.658], [0.176, 0.657, 0.824, 0.672], [0.598, 0.684, 0.609, 0.69], [0.639, 0.672, 0.81, 0.69]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4METHOD", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.712, 0.282, 0.729]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "We consider a FL setup with K clients, where each client k has its own local dataset Dk.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.744, 0.767, 0.76]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Starting from a randomly initialized model Winit, the clients aim to collaboratKively okbtain a global generative", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.767, 0.744, 0.824, 0.76], [0.176, 0.758, 0.824, 0.773]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Overview of our approach.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.8, 0.366, 0.816]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 1 shows the overview of our PRISM.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.366, 0.8, 0.667, 0.815]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "PRISM fnds a subnetwork with strong generative performance from the randomly initialized generative model Winit.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.667, 0.8, 0.824, 0.815], [0.176, 0.814, 0.824, 0.829]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Rather than updating Winit, its focus is to fnd an optimal binary mask M ∗that has either 1 or 0in its element and construct the fnal global model as W ∗= Winit ⊙M ∗.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.828, 0.824, 0.843], [0.176, 0.842, 0.679, 0.857]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "At a high-level, eachclient k generates a binary mask M tk based on its local dataset at every communication round t, which is aggregated at the server.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.679, 0.842, 0.824, 0.857], [0.176, 0.855, 0.824, 0.871], [0.176, 0.869, 0.397, 0.884]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After repeating the process for multiple rounds t = 1, 2, .", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.397, 0.869, 0.783, 0.884]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": ".", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.783, 0.869, 0.79, 0.884]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": ".", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.79, 0.869, 0.798, 0.884]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": ", T, PRISM produces the fnal supermask M ∗= MT .", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.798, 0.869, 0.824, 0.884], [0.176, 0.883, 0.508, 0.898]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our approach, which aims to fnd the SLT in afederated generative model setting, is fundamentally different from existing FedGAN methods.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.508, 0.883, 0.824, 0.898], [0.176, 0.897, 0.805, 0.912]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the following, we describe the detailed training procedure of PRISM along with its advantages.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.897, 0.824, 0.912], [0.176, 0.911, 0.796, 0.926]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.495, 0.949, 0.507, 0.959]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "4.1PRISM :", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.104, 0.277, 0.119]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " PRIVACY-PRESERVING IMPROVED STOCHASTIC MASKING", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.277, 0.104, 0.682, 0.119]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Local score updates with MMD loss.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.127, 0.438, 0.144]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Before training starts, the server randomly initializes the model Winit and broadcasts it to all clients, which remains fxed throughout the training process.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.438, 0.127, 0.824, 0.143], [0.176, 0.141, 0.803, 0.157]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "At the start of each round t, all clients download the score vector st from the server, representing the importance of each parameter in Winit.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.803, 0.141, 0.824, 0.157], [0.176, 0.155, 0.824, 0.17], [0.176, 0.169, 0.433, 0.184]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Intuitively, if the score value of a specifc parameter is high, the corresponding weight is more likely to be included in the fnal SLT.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.433, 0.169, 0.824, 0.184], [0.176, 0.183, 0.648, 0.198]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "PRISM allows each client k to update the score vector st based on its local dataset to obtain skt , which is used to generate the local mask.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.648, 0.183, 0.824, 0.198], [0.176, 0.199, 0.824, 0.212], [0.176, 0.211, 0.251, 0.226]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this local score update procedure, we leverage maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) loss (Gretton et al., 2006; 2012)], providing stable convergence for training generative models (Li et al., 2017a;b; Bin´kowski et al., 2018; Santos et al., 2019; Ramanujan et al., 2020; Yeo et al., 2023)].The MMD loss measures the distance between two distributions by comparing their respective mean embeddings in a reproducing kernel hilbert space (RKHS) (Gretton et al., 2006; 2012)].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.251, 0.211, 0.824, 0.226], [0.176, 0.224, 0.824, 0.24], [0.176, 0.238, 0.824, 0.253], [0.176, 0.252, 0.824, 0.267], [0.176, 0.266, 0.746, 0.281]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As in (Santos et al., 2019; Ramanujan et al., 2020)], we take VGGNet pretrained on ImageNet as a powerful image set D fkake = {yik }Mi=1 produced by its own gener aDtor, th e{ loic }ail= o1b jective function at each client k is written as follows:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.746, 0.266, 0.824, 0.281], [0.176, 0.28, 0.824, 0.295], [0.176, 0.309, 0.258, 0.333], [0.258, 0.317, 0.824, 0.324], [0.176, 0.324, 0.365, 0.339]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "IIP", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.757, 0.352, 0.773, 0.358]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "where ψ(·) is a function that maps each sample to the VGG embedding space.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.384, 0.829, 0.455]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Each clie nt aims tomatch the mean and covariance between real and fake samples after mapping them to the VGG embedding space using kernel ψ(·).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.384, 0.829, 0.455]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Based on Eq.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.384, 0.829, 0.455]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1, each client locally updates the scores to minimizethe MMD loss according to skt = st −η∇LkMMD.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.384, 0.829, 0.455]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Here, we note that the VGG network is utilizedonly for computing the MMD loss and is discarded when training is fnished.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.384, 0.829, 0.455]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Binary mask generation and aggregation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.465, 0.474, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After the local score update process, each client k maps the score skt to a probability value θtk ∈[0, 1] as θtk = Sigmoid(skt ), where Sigmoid(·) isthe sigmoid function.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.474, 0.465, 0.823, 0.48], [0.176, 0.479, 0.824, 0.494], [0.176, 0.493, 0.318, 0.508]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The obtained θtk is then used as the parameter of the Bernoulli distributionto generate the stochastic binary mask M tk , according to M tk ∼Bern(θtk ).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.318, 0.493, 0.824, 0.508], [0.176, 0.506, 0.676, 0.522]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Each client k uploadsonly this binary mask M tk to the server, signifcantly reducing the communication overhead.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.676, 0.506, 0.824, 0.522], [0.176, 0.52, 0.801, 0.535]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "At the server sidKe, the received masks are aggregated to estimate the global Bernoulli parameter as θt+1 =K1of the overall client’s weights.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.801, 0.52, 0.824, 0.535], [0.176, 0.534, 0.824, 0.549], [0.176, 0.553, 0.241, 0.559], [0.176, 0.564, 0.372, 0.579]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "θt+1 is then converted to the score through the inverse of the sigmoidfunction according to st+1 = Sigmoid−1(θt+1), which is broadcasted to the clients at the beginningof the next round.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.372, 0.564, 0.824, 0.579], [0.176, 0.578, 0.824, 0.593], [0.176, 0.592, 0.292, 0.607]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We provide the training details in Appendix C.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.292, 0.592, 0.6, 0.607]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Model initialization for storage effciency.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.618, 0.467, 0.634]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "When training is fnished after T rounds of FL, θT isobtained at the server.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.467, 0.618, 0.824, 0.633], [0.176, 0.632, 0.32, 0.647]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The supermask is then generated following M ∗∼Bern(θT ), which is usedto obtain the fnal global model as W ∗= Winit⊙M ∗.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.32, 0.632, 0.824, 0.647], [0.176, 0.646, 0.528, 0.661]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This fnal model W ∗can be stored effcientlyeven in resource-constrained edge devices, thanks to the model initialization strategy.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.528, 0.646, 0.824, 0.661], [0.176, 0.66, 0.733, 0.675]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "When initializing Winit in PRISM, we employ the standard deviation of Kaiming Normal distribution (He et al., 2015)], where the weight value in layer l is sampled from the set σl ∼{−2/nl−1,2/nl−1}.Hence, by storing the scaling factorp2/nnl−1, each parameter in the initial mpodel Winipt is alreadyquantized to a 1-bit value (See Appendix E).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.733, 0.66, 0.824, 0.675], [0.176, 0.674, 0.824, 0.689], [0.176, 0.689, 0.824, 0.704], [0.176, 0.706, 0.824, 0.721], [0.176, 0.719, 0.47, 0.735]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This makes the fnal model exceptionally lightweight without extra pruning of quantization, which will be also showed via comparison in Section 5.5.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.47, 0.719, 0.824, 0.735], [0.176, 0.733, 0.802, 0.748]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.2PRIVACY", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.764, 0.277, 0.778]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To consider the situation of potential privacy treats, we incorporate (ϵ, δ)-differential privacy(DP) (Dwork et al., 2006)] into our framework.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.787, 0.824, 0.802], [0.176, 0.801, 0.5, 0.816]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We provide a more detailed description related to the privacy preservation of PRISM and a specifc scenario where PRISM can achieve additional privacy benefts in Appendix A and Appendix B, respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.5, 0.801, 0.824, 0.816], [0.176, 0.815, 0.824, 0.83], [0.176, 0.829, 0.58, 0.844]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.3MASK-AWARE DYNAMIC MOVING AVERAGE AGGREGATION", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.859, 0.626, 0.873]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Data heterogeneity and privacy preservation pose signifcant challenges in accurately estimating the correct update direction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.882, 0.824, 0.897], [0.176, 0.896, 0.336, 0.911]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Both the previous and current global models contain valuable information about whether the local models are diverging Praneeth Karimireddy et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.336, 0.896, 0.824, 0.911], [0.176, 0.91, 0.661, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(2019); Li et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.661, 0.91, 0.771, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(2020);", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.771, 0.91, 0.824, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.949, 0.507, 0.961]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Mendieta et al.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.104, 0.275, 0.119]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(2022).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.275, 0.104, 0.327, 0.119]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To address this, we propose a mask-aware dynamic moving average aggregation (MADA) that leverages information from previous aggregation rounds in a mask-aware manner.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.327, 0.104, 0.824, 0.119], [0.176, 0.118, 0.824, 0.133], [0.176, 0.132, 0.2, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To the best of our knowledge, MADA is proposed for the frst time, introducing the mask-aware similarity to determine the moving average ratio on the server side.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.2, 0.132, 0.824, 0.147], [0.176, 0.146, 0.611, 0.161]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Specifcally, when a client mask M tk deviates signifcantly from the global model, the newgly updated global mask M tg will also differ dominant clients.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.611, 0.146, 0.824, 0.161], [0.176, 0.162, 0.824, 0.175], [0.176, 0.187, 0.288, 0.202]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To mitigate this bias, the server calcula−tes the mask correlation λ, which measuresserver then interpolates between the two global masks using λ to adjust how− much of the currentmask should be incorporated.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.288, 0.187, 0.824, 0.202], [0.176, 0.215, 0.824, 0.23], [0.176, 0.229, 0.371, 0.244]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While various metrics can be used to compute the distance between masks, we employ the Hamming distance.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.371, 0.229, 0.824, 0.244], [0.176, 0.243, 0.457, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We observe that using alternative distance metrics like cosine similarity yields similar performance (See Appendix L).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.457, 0.243, 0.824, 0.258], [0.176, 0.257, 0.587, 0.272]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The server-side aggregation process is defned as follows:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.587, 0.257, 0.824, 0.272], [0.176, 0.27, 0.314, 0.286]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "\\theta _ { t + 1 } = ( 1 - \\lambda ) \\theta _ { t - 1 } + \\lambda \\frac { 1 } { K } \\sum _ { k = 1 } ^ { K } M _ { t } ^ { k } , \\quad \\lambda : = d i s t ( M _ { t - 1 } ^ { g } , M _ { t } ^ { g } ) ,", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.285, 0.288, 0.711, 0.33]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(2)", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.304, 0.824, 0.319]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This prevents excessive deviation by interpolating the aggregated mask with the previous Bernoulli parameter.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.339, 0.824, 0.355], [0.176, 0.353, 0.245, 0.368]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As the global rounds progress, λ gradually decreases, promoting stable convergence.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.245, 0.353, 0.8, 0.368]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.4TRADING-OFF BETWEEN PERFORMANCE AND COMMUNICATION COST", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.382, 0.696, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 175, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While PRISM optimizes for minimal communication overhead and delivers satisfactory performance, it may not always meet the demand for higher-quality image generation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.404, 0.824, 0.419], [0.176, 0.418, 0.714, 0.433]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 176, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To address this, we introduces a fexible solution, PRISM∗(See Appendix F).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.714, 0.418, 0.824, 0.433], [0.176, 0.432, 0.576, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 177, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "5EXPERIMENTS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.459, 0.327, 0.477]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 178, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "In this section, we validate the effectiveness of PRISM on MNIST, FMNIST, CelebA, and CIFAR10 datasets.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.485, 0.824, 0.5], [0.176, 0.499, 0.232, 0.514]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The training set of each dataset is distributed across 10 clients following either IID or non-IID data distributions1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.232, 0.499, 0.824, 0.514], [0.176, 0.512, 0.355, 0.528]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We provide the detailed partitioning strategies for IID and non-IID simulation in Appendix D. In addition, for a fair comparison, we set (9.8, 10−5)-DP for all methods.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.355, 0.512, 0.824, 0.528], [0.176, 0.526, 0.807, 0.541]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 181, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Baselines.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.551, 0.245, 0.568]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 182, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We compare our method with several previous approaches for federated generative models under both privacy-preserving (with DP) and privacy-free (without DP) scenarios: In the privacypreserving scenario, we consider DP-FedAvgGAN (Augenstein et al., 2019)] and GS-WGAN (Chen et al., 2020)] while in the privacy-free case, we adopt MD-GAN (Hardy et al., 2019)] and MultiFLGAN (Amalan et al., 2022)].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.245, 0.551, 0.824, 0.567], [0.176, 0.566, 0.824, 0.581], [0.176, 0.579, 0.824, 0.595], [0.176, 0.593, 0.824, 0.608], [0.176, 0.607, 0.383, 0.622]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 183, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the case of Multi-FLGAN, the number of sync servers increases the communication cost quadratically, so we consider a 2×2 multi generator and discriminator setup.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.628, 0.824, 0.644], [0.176, 0.642, 0.626, 0.657]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Performance metrics.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.667, 0.325, 0.684]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We evaluate the generative performance of each scheme using the commonly adopted metrics, including Fre´chet Inception Distance (FID) (Heusel et al., 2017)], Precision & Re-call (Kynka¨a¨nniemi et al., 2019)], Density & Coverage (Naeem et al., 2020)].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.325, 0.667, 0.824, 0.683], [0.176, 0.681, 0.824, 0.697], [0.176, 0.695, 0.693, 0.71]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We further demon-strate the effciency of PRISM by comparing the uplink cost (MB) (See Appendix G) at each FL round, the storage (MB) for the fnal models, and FLOPS (See Appendix J).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.693, 0.695, 0.824, 0.71], [0.176, 0.709, 0.824, 0.724], [0.176, 0.723, 0.671, 0.738]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "5.1IID CASE", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.751, 0.281, 0.766]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this subsection, we examine an IID scenario where the training set of each dataset is uniformly distributed among clients.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.774, 0.824, 0.789], [0.176, 0.788, 0.343, 0.803]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We compare various evaluation metrics under (ϵ, δ)-DP guaranteed setting(Table 1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.343, 0.788, 0.824, 0.803], [0.176, 0.802, 0.239, 0.817]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Notably, PRISM outperforms current GAN-based models by a large margin.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.239, 0.802, 0.74, 0.817]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 2 reveals that existing privacy-preserving methods often produce distorted images, particularly evident in CelebA, while our method tends to generate high-quality results.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.823, 0.824, 0.838], [0.176, 0.837, 0.704, 0.852]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The above results support that PRISM can effectively fnd a SLT, achieving performance gains despite charging 48% less communication costs per round.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.704, 0.837, 0.824, 0.852], [0.176, 0.851, 0.824, 0.866], [0.176, 0.865, 0.411, 0.88]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It is worth noting that PRISM can further reduce the cost by applying extra techniques such as universal coding.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.411, 0.865, 0.824, 0.88], [0.176, 0.878, 0.493, 0.894]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 194, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, when comparing PRISM to PRISM†(MADA removed), PRISM demonstrates a signifcant improvement in overall performance.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.493, 0.878, 0.823, 0.894], [0.176, 0.892, 0.773, 0.907]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1See Appendix H for additional results where a large number of clients and partial of clients participate.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.197, 0.91, 0.806, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.495, 0.95, 0.506, 0.96]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 1:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.077, 0.23, 0.092]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Quantitative comparison in IID scenario with a privacy budget (ϵ, δ) = (9.8, 10−5).We compare FID, P&R, D&C, communication cost, and storage.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.23, 0.077, 0.824, 0.093], [0.176, 0.091, 0.594, 0.106]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Communication cost is the number of bytes exchanged between clients and server.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.594, 0.091, 0.824, 0.106], [0.176, 0.105, 0.481, 0.12]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "† indicates that MADA is removed.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.481, 0.105, 0.716, 0.12]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.202, 0.131, 0.795, 0.335]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.167, 0.344, 0.82, 0.725]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 2: Qualitative results in IID scenario with a privacy budget (ϵ, δ) = (9.8, 10−5). Wecompare generated images from the models in Table 1 on MNIST, FMNIST, and CelebA. † indicatesthat MADA is removed.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.732, 0.827, 0.775]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "5.2NON-IID CASE", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.782, 0.32, 0.797]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We investigate a more practical yet challenging non-IID scenario, where clients exhibit diverse local data distributions, posing a signifcant challenge to train generative models.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.804, 0.824, 0.82], [0.176, 0.818, 0.665, 0.833]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 206, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To establish such an environment, we split the entire trainset based on shards-partitioning strategy2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.665, 0.818, 0.824, 0.833], [0.176, 0.832, 0.666, 0.847]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 207, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 2 presents a quantitative comparison of baselines and our methods when DP is guaranteed.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.666, 0.832, 0.824, 0.847], [0.176, 0.846, 0.66, 0.861]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We observe that PRISM achieves SOTA performance under the non-IID scenario, even with complex CelebA datasets3.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.66, 0.846, 0.824, 0.861], [0.176, 0.86, 0.792, 0.875]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 209, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Fig-", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.792, 0.86, 0.824, 0.875]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 210, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2We also provide the results of Dirichlet-partitioned Non-IID in Appendix D. 3Since existing works on the feld of federated generative models struggles with MNIST-level generation, we refer CelebA and CIFAR10 as complex dataset.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.197, 0.883, 0.649, 0.898], [0.197, 0.897, 0.824, 0.912], [0.176, 0.911, 0.476, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 211, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.495, 0.95, 0.506, 0.959]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 212, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 2:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.077, 0.23, 0.092]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 213, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Quantitative comparison in non-IID scenario with (ϵ, δ) = (9.8, 10−5).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.23, 0.077, 0.735, 0.093]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 214, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "We compareFID, P&R, D&C, communication cost, and storage.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.735, 0.077, 0.824, 0.092], [0.176, 0.091, 0.521, 0.106]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 215, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Communication cost refers to the number of bytes exchanged between clients and server.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.521, 0.091, 0.824, 0.106], [0.176, 0.105, 0.463, 0.12]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 216, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "† indicates that MADA is removed.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.463, 0.105, 0.698, 0.12]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 217, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "MINTST", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.188, 0.38, 0.198, 0.421]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 218, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.198, 0.135, 0.806, 0.711]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 219, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 3: Qualitative results in Non-IID scenario with a privacy budget (ϵ, δ) = (9.8, 10−5). Wecompare generated images from the models in Table 2 on MNIST, FMNIST, and CelebA. † indicatesthat MADA is removed.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.175, 0.718, 0.827, 0.761]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 220, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "ure 3 illustrates that despite the heterogeneity of the data, our methods successfully generate high quality images, while traditional methods exhibit subpar quality. Additionally, Figure 4 shows the overview of FID scores, fnal model parameters, and communication costs for each method.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.174, 0.762, 0.827, 0.808]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "5.3 PERFORMANCE WITHOUT DIFFERENTIAL PRIVACY", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.819, 0.199, 0.835], [0.216, 0.819, 0.562, 0.834]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We further explore the performance of PRISM without applying differential privacy.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.841, 0.738, 0.856]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Quantitative and qualitative comparisons with MD-GAN (Hardy et al., 2019)] and Multi-FLGAN (Amalan et al., 2022)], the current state-of-the-art under this condition, are shown in Table 3 and Figure 5.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.738, 0.841, 0.824, 0.856], [0.176, 0.855, 0.824, 0.87], [0.176, 0.868, 0.77, 0.884]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "PRISM not only matches but also occasionally surpasses the performance of MD-GAN and Multi-FLGAN, all while signifcantly reducing communication overhead.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.77, 0.868, 0.824, 0.884], [0.176, 0.882, 0.824, 0.897], [0.176, 0.896, 0.554, 0.911]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 225, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Again, the fact that PRISM outperforms PRISM† clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of MADA.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.554, 0.896, 0.824, 0.911], [0.176, 0.91, 0.553, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 226, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Here, Multi-FLGAN takes 10 times more", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.553, 0.91, 0.824, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.495, 0.95, 0.506, 0.959]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.172, 0.073, 0.496, 0.219]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(a) IID case", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.328, 0.223, 0.398, 0.237]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 230, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.509, 0.075, 0.824, 0.217]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(b) Non-IID case", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.627, 0.224, 0.729, 0.237]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 232, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 4: The performance of baselines and our PRISM with privacy budget (ϵ, δ) (9.8, 10−5). X-axis represents the number of parameters of fnal generator, while Y-axis representsFID. The diameter of each circle denotes the required communication cost at every round. The ideal case is the bottom-left corner.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.174, 0.24, 0.827, 0.294]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 233, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 3: Quantitative comparison in non-IID scenario without DP. We compare FID, P&R, D&C. Communication cost refers to the number of bytes exchanged between clients and server. † indicatesthat MADA is removed. We set α = 80 for PRISM∗.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.304, 0.82, 0.346]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 234, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.358, 0.826, 0.599]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 235, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "communication cost than PRISM due to multi GAN strategy.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.619, 0.588, 0.634]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 236, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, in FL setups, users may want to trade-off between the communication cost and generative performance.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7600000, "bbox": [[0.588, 0.619, 0.824, 0.634], [0.176, 0.633, 0.689, 0.648]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 237, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As shown in Table 3 and Figure 5, PRISM∗outperforms across all benchmarks, including CIFAR10, while maintaininga communication cost comparable to MD-GAN and far lower than Multi-FLGAN.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7600000, "bbox": [[0.689, 0.633, 0.824, 0.648], [0.176, 0.646, 0.824, 0.662], [0.176, 0.66, 0.723, 0.675]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 238, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Further details on PRISM∗can be found in Appendix F.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7600000, "bbox": [[0.723, 0.66, 0.824, 0.675], [0.176, 0.674, 0.444, 0.689]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "5.4 EFFECT OF DYNAMIC MOVING AVERAGE AGGREGATION", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7700000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.705, 0.199, 0.72], [0.216, 0.705, 0.598, 0.72]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 240, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this section, we empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of dynamic moving average aggregation using the MNIST dataset.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.729, 0.824, 0.744], [0.176, 0.743, 0.37, 0.758]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 241, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 6 visualizes local model updates over communication rounds t. At each global round t, clients receive the aggregated global mask M tg −1 and continue local trainingfor several epochs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.37, 0.743, 0.824, 0.758], [0.176, 0.757, 0.632, 0.764], [0.629, 0.765, 0.824, 0.772], [0.176, 0.773, 0.3, 0.788]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 242, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Afterward, the trained local mask M tk is ugploaded for the next communication ming distance between the received mask and the trained lotcal mtask to track the discrepancy of local model updates.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.3, 0.773, 0.824, 0.788], [0.176, 0.801, 0.824, 0.816], [0.176, 0.814, 0.313, 0.83]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 243, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For simplicity, we visualize the results for the frst client, but similar trends were observed across other clients.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.313, 0.814, 0.824, 0.83], [0.176, 0.828, 0.403, 0.843]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 244, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In Figure 6, PRISM exhibits impressive FID scores and reduced local updates than PRISM†, clearly demonstrating that MADA not only restricts the local modeldivergence but also achieves signifcant performance gain across various challenging FL settings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.403, 0.828, 0.824, 0.843], [0.176, 0.842, 0.824, 0.857], [0.176, 0.856, 0.824, 0.871]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 245, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is accomplished by automatically obtaining λ based on the current mask, without requiringadditional regularization terms or hyperparameter tuning4.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.87, 0.824, 0.885], [0.176, 0.884, 0.556, 0.899]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 246, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7900000, "bbox": [[0.194, 0.91, 0.776, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 247, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7900000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.95, 0.506, 0.959]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 248, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7900000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.072, 0.824, 0.45]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 249, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 5: Qualitative results in non-IID scenario without considering privacy budget. Generated images from the models in Table 3 on MNIST, FMNIST, CelebA, and CIFAR10. Here, we set α = 80 for PRISM∗.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8000000, "bbox": [[0.174, 0.455, 0.828, 0.497]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 250, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.169, 0.501, 0.832, 0.633]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 251, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 6: Local divergence ∆t and FID values in the non-IID and DP-considering scenario.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.201, 0.639, 0.799, 0.655]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 252, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "5.5RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AT INFERENCE TIME", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.67, 0.525, 0.684]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 253, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The fnal model sizes of the baselines and our method are reported in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8400000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.693, 0.824, 0.708]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 254, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Note that in addition to our method, applying various lossless compression techniques (e.g., arithmetic coding (Rissanen & Langdon, 1979)]) can further reduce the required resources of PRISM.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8400000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.707, 0.824, 0.722], [0.176, 0.721, 0.824, 0.736]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 255, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "6 CONCLUSION", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8500000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.762, 0.187, 0.78], [0.207, 0.762, 0.319, 0.779]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 256, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "While image generation has emerged as promising area in deep learning, the fusion of FL with generative models remains relatively unexplored.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.785, 0.824, 0.801], [0.176, 0.799, 0.502, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 257, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this paper, we proposed PRISM, an effcient and stable federated generative framework that capitalizes on stochastic binary masks and MMD loss.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.502, 0.799, 0.824, 0.814], [0.176, 0.813, 0.824, 0.828], [0.176, 0.827, 0.206, 0.842]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 258, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To further enhance stability under non-IID and privacy-preserving scenario, we introduced a mask-aware dynamic moving average aggregation strategy (MADA) that mitigates client drift.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.206, 0.827, 0.824, 0.842], [0.176, 0.841, 0.824, 0.856]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 259, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, PRISM offers a hybrid mask/score aggregation method, allowing for a fexible and controllable trade-off between performance and effciency.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.855, 0.824, 0.87], [0.176, 0.868, 0.568, 0.884]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 260, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our extensive experiments, including scenarios involving differential privacy and non-IID setups, demonstrated that PRISM is robust in unstable environments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.568, 0.868, 0.824, 0.884], [0.176, 0.882, 0.824, 0.897], [0.176, 0.896, 0.327, 0.911]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 261, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To the best of our knowledge, PRISM is the frst framework to consistently generate high-quality images with signifcantly reduced communication overhead in FL settings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.327, 0.896, 0.824, 0.911], [0.176, 0.91, 0.805, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 262, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.493, 0.95, 0.508, 0.96]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 263, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.102, 0.357, 0.119]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 264, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.2022R1C1C1008496) and Institute of Information & communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT):", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.135, 0.827, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 265, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " (No.2022-0-00959, No.RS-2022-II220959 (Part 2) Few-Shot Learning of Causal Inference in Vision and Language for Decision Making), (No.RS-2022-II220264, Comprehensive Video Understanding and Generation with Knowledge-based Deep Logic Neural Network), (No.RS-2020-II201336, Artifcial Intelligence Graduate School Program (UNIST)), (No.RS-2021-II212068, Artifcial Intelligence Innovation Hub).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.135, 0.827, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 266, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "REFERENCES", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.266, 0.286, 0.283]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 267, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Akash Amalan, Rui Wang, Yanqi Qiao, Emmanouil Panaousis, and Kaitai Liang.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.29, 0.726, 0.305]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 268, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Multi-fgans: Multi-distributed 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follows:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.104, 0.824, 0.119], [0.176, 0.118, 0.515, 0.133]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 470, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "R _ { \\alpha } ( P \| \| Q ) \\triangleq \\frac { 1 } { \\alpha - 1 } \\operatorname { l o g } \\mathbb { E } _ { x \\sim Q } ( \\frac { P ( x ) } { Q ( x ) } ) ^ { \\alpha } .", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.362, 0.137, 0.63, 0.17]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 471, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(4)", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.147, 0.824, 0.162]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 472, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "then, a randomized mechanism M :", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.175, 0.422, 0.19]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 473, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " X →R is (α, ϵ) Re´nyi differential privacy, if for any twoadjacent datasets D, D′ and for any measurable sets S:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.422, 0.175, 0.824, 0.19], [0.176, 0.189, 0.541, 0.204]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 474, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "R&(M(D)\|\|M(D′))≤≤ e", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10200000, "bbox": [[0.416, 0.226, 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"english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.283, 0.824, 0.298], [0.176, 0.296, 0.48, 0.312]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 478, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "To satisfy the (ϵ, δ)-DP, our goal is privatiz2e theϵ2∆2 = maxD,D′ \|\|M(D) −M(D′)\|\|2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.48, 0.296, 0.824, 0.312], [0.746, 0.324, 0.757, 0.33], [0.176, 0.334, 0.427, 0.347]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 479, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "When the local training is end, each client has scores s ∈Rdto choose which weight to prune.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.427, 0.334, 0.823, 0.341], [0.176, 0.347, 0.398, 0.362]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 480, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Recall that probability θ ∈[0, 1]d can be obtained through sig-moid function.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.398, 0.347, 0.824, 0.362], [0.176, 0.363, 0.275, 0.378]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 481, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "We inject gaussian noise and clip to θ˜ ∈[c, 1 −c]d, where c is a small value0 < c <12.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.275, 0.363, 0.824, 0.378], [0.176, 0.381, 0.26, 0.394]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 482, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In out setup, we fx it at 0.1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.26, 0.381, 0.459, 0.394]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 483, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Now, we ensure θ˜ is (ϵ, δ)-DP.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.459, 0.381, 0.669, 0.394]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 484, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "For a fair comparison,we use (ϵ, δ) = (9.8, 10−5) to PRISM and our baselines in all of our experiments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.669, 0.381, 0.824, 0.394], [0.176, 0.395, 0.72, 0.41]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 485, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In addition, weregulate the global round to ensure that the overall privacy budget does not exceed ϵ.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.72, 0.395, 0.824, 0.41], [0.176, 0.409, 0.739, 0.424]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 486, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "To track theoverall privacy budget, we employ subsampled moments accountant (Wang et al., 2019)].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.739, 0.409, 0.824, 0.424], [0.176, 0.423, 0.749, 0.438]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 487, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "We refer to the Opacus library which is the user-friendly pytorch framework for differential privacy (Yousefpour et al., 2021)].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.749, 0.423, 0.824, 0.438], [0.176, 0.437, 0.824, 0.452], [0.176, 0.45, 0.264, 0.466]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 488, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(Imola & Chaudhuri, 2021;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.472, 0.353, 0.487]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 489, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Isik et al., 2022)] have shown that performing post processing to already privatized vector θ˜ such as Bernoulli sampling enjoys privacy amplifcation under some conditions.By doing so, the overall privacy budget becomes smaller ϵamp ≤min{ϵ, dγα(c)}, where γα(·) isthe binary symmetry Re´nyi divergence as expressed below:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.353, 0.472, 0.824, 0.487], [0.176, 0.487, 0.824, 0.503], [0.176, 0.501, 0.824, 0.516], [0.176, 0.515, 0.562, 0.53]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 490, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "%(c) = ;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.336, 0.555, 0.4, 0.572]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 491, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(6)", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.554, 0.824, 0.57]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 492, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "where α refers to the order of the divergence.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.578, 0.474, 0.593]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 493, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Note that d limits the privacy amplifcation when themodel size becomes large.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.474, 0.578, 0.824, 0.593], [0.176, 0.592, 0.351, 0.607]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 494, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Since PRISM assumes that the model size is large enough due to SLT, we focus on communication effciency rather than privacy amplifcation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.351, 0.592, 0.824, 0.607], [0.176, 0.606, 0.648, 0.621]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 495, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "BPRIVACY AMPLIFIED SCENARIO", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.639, 0.47, 0.657]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 496, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In this section, we discuss about potential privacy beneft of PRISM under some conditions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.671, 0.771, 0.686]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 497, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Typical FL setting, a malicious third party can estimate W tk −W hg from the communicated gradients.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10900000, "bbox": [[0.771, 0.671, 0.824, 0.686], [0.176, 0.685, 0.799, 0.7]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 498, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Byanalyzing these gradients, an attacker can extract information about the local data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10900000, "bbox": [[0.799, 0.685, 0.824, 0.7], [0.176, 0.699, 0.722, 0.714]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 499, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "However, with PRISM, only the binary masks M tk and M tg are exchanged, which hinders an attacker’s efforts sincethey do not have access to the synchronized initial weight Winit shared between the client and server.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10900000, "bbox": [[0.722, 0.699, 0.824, 0.714], [0.176, 0.713, 0.824, 0.728], [0.176, 0.727, 0.824, 0.742]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 500, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "CTRAINING DETAILS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11000000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.76, 0.373, 0.778]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 501, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In this section, we provide the detailed description of our implementations and experimental settings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.792, 0.824, 0.807], [0.176, 0.806, 0.212, 0.821]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 502, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Table 4, we provide the model architectures used in our experiments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.212, 0.806, 0.679, 0.821]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 503, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "We use ResNet-based generator and set the local epoch to 100 and learning rate to 0.1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.679, 0.806, 0.824, 0.821], [0.176, 0.82, 0.614, 0.835]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 504, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In addition, we do not employ training schedulers or learning rate decay.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.614, 0.82, 0.824, 0.835], [0.176, 0.834, 0.458, 0.849]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 505, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Our code is based on (Santos et al., 2019; Yeo et al., 2023)].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.458, 0.834, 0.824, 0.849], [0.176, 0.848, 0.224, 0.863]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 506, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "They employ the ImageNet-pretrained VGG19 network for feature matching by minimizing the Eq.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.224, 0.848, 0.824, 0.863], [0.176, 0.861, 0.223, 0.877]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 507, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.223, 0.861, 0.24, 0.877]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 508, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "However, calculating the frst and second moments require the large batch size to obtain the accurate statistics.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.24, 0.861, 0.824, 0.877], [0.176, 0.875, 0.319, 0.89]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 509, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "To address this issue, (Santos et al., 2019)] introduces Adam moving average (AMA).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.319, 0.875, 0.824, 0.89], [0.176, 0.889, 0.229, 0.904]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 510, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "With a rate λ, the update of AMA m is expressed as follows:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.229, 0.889, 0.63, 0.904]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 511, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "m ← m - XADAM(m - △),", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11200000, "bbox": [[0.399, 0.912, 0.6, 0.927]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 512, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11300000, "bbox": [[0.493, 0.95, 0.507, 0.959]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 513, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11300000, "bbox": [[0.804, 0.912, 0.825, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 514, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 4: Generator architecture used in our experiments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11400000, "bbox": [[0.316, 0.102, 0.683, 0.116]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 515, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11500000, "bbox": [[0.208, 0.127, 0.789, 0.436]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 516, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "where ADAM denotes Adam optimizer (Kingma & Ba, 2014)] and ∆is the discrepancy of themeans of the extracted features. Note that ADAM(m −∆) can be interpreted as gradient descent byminimizing the L2 loss:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11600000, "bbox": [[0.175, 0.456, 0.829, 0.499]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 517, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "min", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11700000, "bbox": [[0.439, 0.507, 0.474, 0.518]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 518, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "m", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11700000, "bbox": [[0.442, 0.513, 0.482, 0.528]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 519, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "This means the difference of statistics (m −∆) is passed through a single MLP layer and updatedusing the Adam optimizer to the direction of minimizing Eq.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.527, 0.824, 0.543], [0.176, 0.541, 0.586, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 520, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "8.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.586, 0.541, 0.604, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 521, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "By utilizing AMA, Eq.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.604, 0.541, 0.764, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 522, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1 is for 2 2 Algorithm 1, 2 provides the pseudocode for MADA and PRISM∗correspondingly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.764, 0.541, 0.824, 0.556], [0.555, 0.556, 0.561, 0.565], [0.809, 0.556, 0.815, 0.565], [0.176, 0.58, 0.713, 0.595]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 523, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "AMA is omittedto simply express the fow of our framework.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.713, 0.58, 0.824, 0.595], [0.176, 0.594, 0.467, 0.609]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 524, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "See our code for pytorch implementation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.467, 0.594, 0.741, 0.609]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 525, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "We train the local generator for 100 local iterations with learning rate of 0.1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.741, 0.594, 0.824, 0.609], [0.176, 0.608, 0.59, 0.623]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 526, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "For the AMA layer, learning rate is set to 0.005.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.59, 0.608, 0.824, 0.623], [0.176, 0.622, 0.255, 0.637]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 527, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In addition, we use the Adam 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{"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12600000, "bbox": [[0.227, 0.715, 0.25, 0.729]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 584, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Return binary mask M tk (l)", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12600000, "bbox": [[0.253, 0.728, 0.429, 0.742]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 585, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "are still shared among clients, resulting in relatively weak heterogeneity.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12700000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.806, 0.667, 0.821]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 586, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "This explains why the performance drop on CelebA is not as signifcant compared to the IID case.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12700000, "bbox": [[0.667, 0.806, 0.824, 0.821], [0.176, 0.819, 0.686, 0.835]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 587, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "For a more detailed discussion, please refer to Appendix D.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12700000, "bbox": [[0.686, 0.819, 0.824, 0.835], [0.176, 0.833, 0.433, 0.848]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 588, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Non-IID setup (Dirichlet-partitioned).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.854, 0.442, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 589, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "We further explore a more realistic and challenging nonIID scenario, where datasets are partitioned using Dirichlet distribution.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12800000, "bbox": [[0.442, 0.854, 0.824, 0.87], [0.176, 0.868, 0.636, 0.884]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 590, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Specifcally, we set Dirichlet parameter α = 0.005 to create a more label-skewed distribution.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12800000, "bbox": [[0.636, 0.868, 0.824, 0.884], [0.176, 0.882, 0.613, 0.897]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 591, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "For CelebA, we assign data toclients such that each client possesses the pivotal attribute in different proportions using Dirichlet distribution.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12800000, "bbox": [[0.613, 0.882, 0.824, 0.897], [0.176, 0.896, 0.824, 0.911], [0.176, 0.91, 0.255, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 592, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "For example, client 1 has 60% male and 40% female, while client 2 has 20% male and", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12800000, "bbox": [[0.255, 0.91, 0.824, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 593, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12900000, "bbox": [[0.493, 0.949, 0.508, 0.961]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 594, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 5: Quantitative comparison in Dirichlet non-IID scenario with (ϵ, δ) = (9.8, 10−5). Wecompare FID, P&R, D&C. † indicates that MADA is removed.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13000000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.102, 0.827, 0.129]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 595, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13100000, "bbox": [[0.239, 0.14, 0.775, 0.339]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 596, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 6: Quantitative comparison in Dirichlet non-IID scenario without DP. We compare FID, P&R, D&C. † indicates that MADA is removed. We set α = 80 for PRISM∗.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13200000, "bbox": [[0.175, 0.356, 0.824, 0.385]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 597, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13300000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.396, 0.825, 0.65]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 598, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "80% female. To the best of our knowledge, methods for splitting multi-label datasets into extreme non-IID scenarios have not been extensively explored. Table 5 and Table 6 present a quantitative comparison of baselines and our methods under both with and without DP. PRISM demonstrates robust performance even under highly heterogeneity distributions. Note that Multi-FLGAN fails to successfully train generative model under highly heterogeneity.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13400000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.668, 0.826, 0.74]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 599, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "EEFFICIENT STORAGE AND QUANTIZATION STRATEGY IN PRISM", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13500000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.759, 0.743, 0.777]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 600, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In this section, we provide further detail description regarding storage effciency of PRISM.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.792, 0.776, 0.808]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 601, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Aforementioned in Section 4.1, the fnal model can be expressed as W ∗= Winit ⊙M ∗.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.776, 0.792, 0.824, 0.808], [0.176, 0.806, 0.729, 0.821]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 602, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Since Mfianlis lightweight binary masks, we need to focus on the storage of Winit.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.729, 0.806, 0.823, 0.822], [0.176, 0.82, 0.663, 0.835]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 603, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Note that Winit is initialized as signed constant using Kaiming Normal distribution.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.663, 0.82, 0.824, 0.835], [0.176, 0.834, 0.594, 0.849]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 604, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In other words, the initialized parameter of layer l becomes {+p2/nl−1, −p2/nl−1, · · · , +p2/nl−1} ∈Rd.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.594, 0.834, 0.824, 0.849], [0.176, 0.85, 0.696, 0.865]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 605, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "This design makesstoring the scaling factor v =2/nl−1 be enough to represent each parameter, represented asWinit = v ⊙Msign, where Msipgn is defned as {+1, −1, · · · , +1} ∈Rd.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.696, 0.85, 0.824, 0.865], [0.176, 0.866, 0.824, 0.882], [0.176, 0.884, 0.675, 0.897]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 606, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Our memory-effcientapproach is closely related to ternary quantization (Zhu et al., 2016)], which typically compresses neural network weights into {−1, 0, 1} through thresholding and projection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.675, 0.884, 0.824, 0.897], [0.176, 0.896, 0.824, 0.911], [0.176, 0.91, 0.675, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 607, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "However, PRISM dis-", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.675, 0.91, 0.824, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 608, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13700000, "bbox": [[0.493, 0.95, 0.508, 0.96]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 609, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13700000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.099, 0.491, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 610, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 7: Analysis of PRISM∗using CIFAR10 dataset. The backward path selects α% of scorelayers from deeper layers, closer to the output, while the forward path chooses from the opposite end, nearer to the input. Solid-line demonstrates FID following each direction while dash-line shows communication cost (MB) of each path.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13800000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.27, 0.827, 0.328]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 611, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.509, 0.099, 0.825, 0.245]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 612, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(b) Non-IID case", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14000000, "bbox": [[0.612, 0.246, 0.722, 0.259]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 613, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Less cost Less quality", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14000000, "bbox": [[0.182, 0.345, 0.254, 0.37]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 614, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14100000, "bbox": [[0.175, 0.37, 0.829, 0.502]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 615, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 8: The effect of adjusting α of PRISM∗. Qualitative comparison according to α. Note thatα = 0 is identical to PRISM.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14200000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.51, 0.827, 0.541]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 616, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "High cost High quality", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.764, 0.345, 0.816, 0.356], [0.749, 0.357, 0.817, 0.369]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 617, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "tinguishes itself by directly initialized frozen weights as signed constants using the Kaiming Normal distribution.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.556, 0.824, 0.571], [0.176, 0.569, 0.255, 0.585]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 618, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Since storing a signed array is negligible in terms of memory overhead, this design makes the fnal model exceptionally lightweight without extra pruning or quantization.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.255, 0.569, 0.824, 0.585], [0.176, 0.583, 0.741, 0.598]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 619, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "FANALYSIS OF HYBRID AGGREGATION", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.618, 0.517, 0.635]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 620, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this section, we further analyze PRISM∗, which leverages both binary mask and score communi-cations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.65, 0.824, 0.665], [0.176, 0.664, 0.227, 0.679]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 621, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To explore the trade-off between communication cost and generative capability, we consider two strategies: the backward path and forward path.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.227, 0.664, 0.824, 0.679], [0.176, 0.677, 0.515, 0.693]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 622, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The backward path progressively increases the number of score layers from deeper layers to earlier layers.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.515, 0.677, 0.824, 0.693], [0.176, 0.691, 0.577, 0.706]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 623, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Conversely, in the forward path, we select score layers from earlier layers to deeper layers.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.577, 0.691, 0.824, 0.706], [0.176, 0.705, 0.533, 0.72]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 624, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 7 visually demonstrates the trade-off between communication cost and FID of both strategies.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.533, 0.705, 0.824, 0.72], [0.176, 0.719, 0.54, 0.734]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 625, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The FID gradually improves as we increase α values in both cases.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.54, 0.719, 0.824, 0.734], [0.176, 0.735, 0.327, 0.748]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 626, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Note that the additional communication cost of the backward path tends toincrease more smoothly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.327, 0.735, 0.824, 0.748], [0.176, 0.747, 0.336, 0.762]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 627, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Based on these observations, we adopt the backward path for Table 3 and Figure 5.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.336, 0.747, 0.824, 0.762], [0.176, 0.76, 0.236, 0.776]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 628, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 8 provides a comprehensive comparison across a wide range of α values, showingthat PRISM∗consistently produces high quality images.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.236, 0.76, 0.824, 0.776], [0.176, 0.774, 0.543, 0.789]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 629, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Note that all experiments are conducted inprivacy-free scenario.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.543, 0.774, 0.824, 0.789], [0.176, 0.788, 0.317, 0.803]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 630, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "G COMMUNICATION COST DURING DOWNLINK PROCESS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14700000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.822, 0.191, 0.841], [0.212, 0.822, 0.657, 0.84]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 631, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In a typical FL setup, the server possesses powerful computational capabilities, whereas the clients do not.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14800000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.855, 0.824, 0.87], [0.176, 0.868, 0.223, 0.884]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 632, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As a result, several prior studies primarily focus on addressing the limited bandwidth of clients (Kim et al., 2024a; Hu et al., 2023; Yi et al., 2022)].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14800000, "bbox": [[0.223, 0.868, 0.824, 0.884], [0.176, 0.882, 0.568, 0.897]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 633, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Accordingly, we have concentrated on the reducing communication cost during the uplink process, transmitting a foat-type score during downlink to mitigate the information loss.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14800000, "bbox": [[0.568, 0.882, 0.824, 0.897], [0.176, 0.896, 0.824, 0.911], [0.176, 0.91, 0.453, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 634, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Last but not least, binary mask communication can also", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14800000, "bbox": [[0.453, 0.91, 0.824, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 635, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14900000, "bbox": [[0.493, 0.95, 0.508, 0.959]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 636, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "be employed in the downlink to further enhance communication effciency, despite the occurrence of information loss during the conversion of the global mask into local scores.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.104, 0.824, 0.119], [0.176, 0.118, 0.684, 0.133]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 637, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 7:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15000000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.144, 0.229, 0.159]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 638, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Quantitative results on cross-device environment.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15000000, "bbox": [[0.229, 0.144, 0.573, 0.16]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 639, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "We set the number of clients to 50 and participant ratio to 20%.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15000000, "bbox": [[0.573, 0.144, 0.824, 0.159], [0.176, 0.158, 0.335, 0.173]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 640, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.19, 0.826, 0.303]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 641, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "HCROSS-DEVICE ENVIRONMENTS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.333, 0.477, 0.35]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 642, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "PRISM is designed to provide effcient communication cost, making it ideal for cross-device environments with numerous clients and limited bandwidth.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15300000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.364, 0.824, 0.379], [0.176, 0.378, 0.553, 0.393]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 643, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Typically, cross-device setting involves a large number of clients and an unreliable network, such as those encountered in iPhone and wearable devices.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15300000, "bbox": [[0.553, 0.378, 0.824, 0.393], [0.176, 0.392, 0.824, 0.407], [0.176, 0.406, 0.229, 0.421]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 644, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This complexity makes it diffcult to ensure that all clients in every communication round.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15300000, "bbox": [[0.229, 0.406, 0.824, 0.421]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 645, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To simulate this cross-device environment, we set the number of clients to 50 and the participant ratio as 20%.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15300000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.42, 0.824, 0.435], [0.176, 0.433, 0.261, 0.449]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 646, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 7 shows the quantitative results using MNIST dataset, both with and without DP.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15300000, "bbox": [[0.261, 0.433, 0.824, 0.449]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 647, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "PRISM demonstrates a clear performance advantage over other baselines and is well-suited for the cross-device environment.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15300000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.447, 0.824, 0.462], [0.176, 0.461, 0.347, 0.476]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 648, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "IANALYSIS OF CONVERGENCE OF λ IN MADA", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15400000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.495, 0.581, 0.513]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 649, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this section, we provide a detailed discussion on how the reduction in λ, which measures thesimilarity between two consecutive global masks, helps mitigate client drift.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.526, 0.824, 0.541], [0.176, 0.54, 0.672, 0.555]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 650, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "One possible explanation is that MADA implicitly modulates the learning rate for global updates on the server-side without requiring an explicit learning rate scheduler.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.561, 0.824, 0.576], [0.176, 0.575, 0.617, 0.59]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 651, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This behavior reduces the need for client-side learning rate scheduling to regularize local objectives.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.617, 0.575, 0.824, 0.59], [0.176, 0.589, 0.633, 0.604]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 652, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "To illustrate this, consider a local mask update represented as wkt = wkt−∆tk is local model update from client k. In stan−dard ·FedkAvg, the global update can be expressedas wFtedAvg = wkt−introducest a1 mask-aw−atre ·aggregattion metch1anism, and the global model is formulated as wMtAGA =−η · ∆tk.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.633, 0.589, 0.824, 0.604], [0.176, 0.603, 0.482, 0.617], [0.176, 0.619, 0.824, 0.632], [0.176, 0.632, 0.298, 0.647], [0.176, 0.649, 0.824, 0.664], [0.466, 0.667, 0.53, 0.68]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 653, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Substituting the local mask update into this−η · λΣk∆tk, indicating that λeffectively scales the g l−obal upkdates st e·p sikze.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.53, 0.667, 0.824, 0.68], [0.621, 0.683, 0.824, 0.696], [0.176, 0.695, 0.473, 0.71]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 654, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "W−he ·n λ is klarge, thke global model closely follows theclient updates, while a small λ reduces the infuence of client updates, acting as a dampening factor.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.473, 0.695, 0.824, 0.71], [0.176, 0.709, 0.824, 0.724]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 655, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The intuition behind this behavior is rooted in the nature or early-stage training.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.73, 0.705, 0.745]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 656, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "During the initial rounds, the model is far from convergence, resulting in large gradient norms and substantial parameter changes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.705, 0.73, 0.824, 0.745], [0.176, 0.744, 0.824, 0.759], [0.176, 0.758, 0.263, 0.773]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 657, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Consequently, consecutive global masks exhibit signifcant differences, leading to a large λ.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.263, 0.758, 0.824, 0.773], [0.176, 0.772, 0.228, 0.787]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 658, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "As training progresses and the model stabilizes, mask updates become more similar, de-creasing λ.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.228, 0.772, 0.824, 0.787], [0.176, 0.785, 0.249, 0.801]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 659, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "This gradual reduction in λ prevents excessive global updates, stabilizing convergenceand mitigating client drift.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.249, 0.785, 0.824, 0.801], [0.176, 0.799, 0.352, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 660, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "We elaborate on the behavior of client drift.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.352, 0.799, 0.652, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 661, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Even when client-drift is biased toward a specifc dominant client, the update difference for the dominant client naturally decreases from the perspective of global support, whereas the difference from the local solutions of other clients increases.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.652, 0.799, 0.824, 0.814], [0.176, 0.813, 0.824, 0.828], [0.176, 0.827, 0.824, 0.842], [0.176, 0.841, 0.324, 0.856]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 662, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "This pattern is refected in the aggregated model, and the difference between consecutive global models can partially capture this behavior (e.g., indicated by a large λ).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.324, 0.841, 0.824, 0.856], [0.176, 0.855, 0.763, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 663, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "As train-ing progresses and the model approaches the global optimum across local objectives, the differences between consecutive global models gradually decrease, leading to a reduction in λ. Conversely, inthe absence of client drift, such as in IID scenarios, the model learns fairly across all clients and naturally converges without notable fuctuations in global model differences.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.763, 0.855, 0.824, 0.87], [0.176, 0.868, 0.824, 0.884], [0.176, 0.882, 0.824, 0.897], [0.176, 0.896, 0.824, 0.911], [0.176, 0.91, 0.675, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 664, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15800000, "bbox": [[0.492, 0.949, 0.508, 0.961]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 665, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In summary, MADA updates the global model in a way that avoids local divergence, gradually reducing global model differences even without learning rate decay.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.104, 0.824, 0.119], [0.176, 0.118, 0.6, 0.133]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 666, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "As shown in Figure 6, λ decreasessharply in the early stages of training due to signifcant local divergence but gradually converges over time.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15900000, "bbox": [[0.6, 0.118, 0.824, 0.133], [0.176, 0.132, 0.824, 0.147], [0.176, 0.146, 0.209, 0.161]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 667, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "This result suggests that our understanding aligns with the behavior of λ.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15900000, "bbox": [[0.209, 0.146, 0.688, 0.161]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 668, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 8: Comparison of FLOPS between PRISM and other baselines.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16000000, "bbox": [[0.273, 0.173, 0.724, 0.188]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 669, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16100000, "bbox": [[0.319, 0.204, 0.676, 0.25]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 670, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "JCOMPUTATION COST ANALYSIS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16200000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.279, 0.464, 0.297]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 671, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "One might say that SLT process within PRISM increases computational complexity, particularly in large networks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.312, 0.824, 0.327], [0.176, 0.325, 0.296, 0.341]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 672, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As the number of model parameters grows, the required score parameters also scale linearly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.296, 0.325, 0.824, 0.341], [0.176, 0.339, 0.266, 0.354]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 673, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, in SLT, weight parameters are not optimized via gradient descent.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.266, 0.339, 0.761, 0.354]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 674, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The only additional computations stem from the sigmoid and Bernoulli processes introduced during the binary masking procedure.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.761, 0.339, 0.824, 0.354], [0.176, 0.353, 0.824, 0.368], [0.176, 0.367, 0.337, 0.382]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 675, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While these operations introduce some additional computational overhead, they remain negligible in the context of GPU-accelerated gradient descent.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.337, 0.367, 0.824, 0.382], [0.176, 0.381, 0.665, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 676, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To demonstrate that the additional computational cost is not substantial, we compare foating-point-operations per second (FLOPS) in Table 8.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.665, 0.381, 0.824, 0.396], [0.176, 0.395, 0.824, 0.41], [0.176, 0.408, 0.314, 0.424]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 677, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "GS-WGAN exhibits increased FLOPS due to spectral normalization, which is applied to stabilize GAN training.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.314, 0.408, 0.824, 0.424], [0.176, 0.422, 0.421, 0.437]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 678, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In contrast, PRISM, despite incorporating the SLT process, maintains a suffciently low FLOPS, ensuring its computational effciency.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.421, 0.422, 0.824, 0.437], [0.176, 0.436, 0.66, 0.451]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 679, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16400000, "bbox": [[0.398, 0.461, 0.604, 0.618]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 680, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 9: Generated images of PRISM where ddpm is used instead of MMD loss.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16500000, "bbox": [[0.232, 0.625, 0.768, 0.642]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 681, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "KSCALABILITY OF PRISM", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.668, 0.421, 0.687]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 682, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Due to the challenges associated with training generative models in FL setups, research on federated generative models has primarily focused on simple architectures (e.g., GANs) and datasets, such as MNIST and FMNIST level generation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16700000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.7, 0.824, 0.716], [0.176, 0.714, 0.824, 0.729], [0.176, 0.728, 0.434, 0.743]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 683, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, it is important to note that the feld of federated generative models remains far behind the current trend of using more complex and powerful models, such as diffusion models, and large-scale datasets.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16700000, "bbox": [[0.434, 0.728, 0.824, 0.743], [0.176, 0.742, 0.824, 0.757], [0.176, 0.756, 0.516, 0.771]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 684, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This gap arises from the inherent diffculties in adapting these advanced models to FL setups.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16700000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.756, 0.824, 0.771], [0.176, 0.77, 0.501, 0.785]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 685, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Existing works have struggled to achieve stable performance in challenging setups, such as non-IID and privacy-preserving cases, even with MNISTlevel datasets.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16700000, "bbox": [[0.501, 0.77, 0.824, 0.785], [0.176, 0.783, 0.824, 0.799], [0.176, 0.797, 0.268, 0.812]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 686, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Even for centralized differential privacy generative models (Dockhorn et al., 2022; Jiang et al., 2024)],training generative models is highly challenging and often unstable.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16700000, "bbox": [[0.268, 0.797, 0.824, 0.812], [0.176, 0.811, 0.739, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 687, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Due to these obstacles, prior studies have primarily focused on simpler datasets, such as MNIST, and have been largely restricted to GANs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16700000, "bbox": [[0.739, 0.811, 0.824, 0.826], [0.176, 0.825, 0.824, 0.84], [0.176, 0.839, 0.352, 0.854]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 688, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "K.1EXTEND TO DIFFUSION MODEL", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16800000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.87, 0.436, 0.885]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 689, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We further investigate the applicability of PRISM to larger and mode powerful generative models, such as diffusion models.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.896, 0.824, 0.911], [0.176, 0.91, 0.345, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 690, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Specifcally, we retain the core concept of identifying SLT but replaced", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16900000, "bbox": [[0.345, 0.91, 0.824, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 691, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.492, 0.95, 0.507, 0.959]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 692, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "the MMD loss with DDPM loss (Ho et al., 2020)] to guide score updates.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.104, 0.669, 0.119]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 693, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Notably, all other confgurations remain unchanged.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.669, 0.104, 0.824, 0.119], [0.176, 0.118, 0.378, 0.133]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 694, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We conduct experiments on the MNIST dataset under a non-IID, privacy-free scenario.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.378, 0.118, 0.824, 0.133], [0.176, 0.132, 0.317, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 695, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 9 presents the generated images on the server-side, which exhibit slight noisiness.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.317, 0.132, 0.824, 0.147], [0.176, 0.146, 0.24, 0.161]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 696, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We anticipate that by improving the approach for identifying SLT within diffusion models and further curating the experimental setup, we can achieve more promising results.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.24, 0.146, 0.824, 0.161], [0.176, 0.16, 0.735, 0.175]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 697, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "On the other hand, directly applying the MMD loss-based approach used in PRISM, which requires generating a set of samples for each update, poses practical challenges due to the well-known limitations of DDPM, including slow sampling and convergence rates.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.735, 0.16, 0.824, 0.175], [0.176, 0.174, 0.824, 0.189], [0.176, 0.187, 0.824, 0.202], [0.176, 0.201, 0.546, 0.216]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 698, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These limitations lead to signifcant computational costs, making the approach practically infeasible.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.546, 0.201, 0.824, 0.216], [0.176, 0.215, 0.568, 0.23]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 699, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since our primary focus is lightweight communication cost and stable performance, we leave this future work, effciently incorporating the powerful and diffusion model in federated settings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.568, 0.215, 0.824, 0.23], [0.176, 0.229, 0.824, 0.244], [0.176, 0.243, 0.509, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 700, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "K.2EVALUATION ON LARGE-SCALE DATASETS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17100000, "bbox": [[0.175, 0.287, 0.513, 0.302]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 701, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.327, 0.831, 0.563]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 702, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 10: Generated images of CelebA 128x128 dataset and CIFAR100 dataset under non-IID and privacy-free scenario.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.57, 0.827, 0.599]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 703, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 9: Performance of PRISM using CelebA 128x128 and CIAFR100 datasets under non-IID and privacy-free scenario.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17400000, "bbox": [[0.174, 0.643, 0.827, 0.673]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 704, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.303, 0.689, 0.691, 0.75]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 705, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Note that the feld of federated generative models have struggled to achieve stable performance in challenging setups, such as non-IID and privacy-preserving cases, even with MNIST-level datasets.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.785, 0.824, 0.801], [0.176, 0.799, 0.824, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 706, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, even under these conditions, PRISM is the frst to consistently demonstrate stable performance under these conditions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.813, 0.824, 0.828], [0.176, 0.827, 0.395, 0.842]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 707, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Despite the poor conditions of federated generative models, it is important to address whether PRISM can be extended to large-scale datasets under limited resources.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17600000, "bbox": [[0.395, 0.827, 0.824, 0.842], [0.176, 0.841, 0.824, 0.856]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 708, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We provide quantitative and qualitative results on large-scale datasets in Table 9 and Figure 10, such as CelebA 128x128 and CIFAR100 datasets, under non-IID and privacy-free scenario.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.855, 0.824, 0.87], [0.176, 0.868, 0.738, 0.884]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 709, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Both experiments are conducted under exactly same settings as in Section 5.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17600000, "bbox": [[0.738, 0.868, 0.824, 0.884], [0.176, 0.882, 0.601, 0.897]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 710, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As a result, PRISM demonstrates acceptable performance on high-resolution images; however, it reveals certain limitations when applied to large-scale datasets with diverse classes, such as CIFAR100.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17600000, "bbox": [[0.601, 0.882, 0.824, 0.897], [0.176, 0.896, 0.824, 0.911], [0.176, 0.91, 0.623, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 711, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17700000, "bbox": [[0.492, 0.95, 0.507, 0.959]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 712, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 10: FID comparison where distance metric is cosine similarity for MADA.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.235, 0.101, 0.762, 0.118]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 713, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17900000, "bbox": [[0.241, 0.127, 0.755, 0.235]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 714, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "L SELECTION OF OTHER DISTANCE METRIC", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.264, 0.189, 0.282], [0.209, 0.264, 0.55, 0.281]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 715, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 10 provide the FID performance of PRISM when using cosine similarity instead of hamming distance for MADA.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.297, 0.824, 0.313], [0.176, 0.311, 0.311, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 716, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "PRISM with cosine similarity achieves competitive performance compared to the scheme using Hamming distance in most cases.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.311, 0.311, 0.824, 0.326], [0.176, 0.325, 0.51, 0.34]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 717, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Although the performance degrades for CelebA in the non-IID scenario, it still outperforms all baseline methods, further demonstrating the robustness of the approach.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.51, 0.325, 0.824, 0.34], [0.176, 0.339, 0.824, 0.354], [0.176, 0.353, 0.314, 0.368]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 718, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "M THE EFFECT OF MASKING MECHANISM", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18200000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.389, 0.194, 0.407], [0.215, 0.389, 0.54, 0.406]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 719, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 11: Effect of mask selection on MNIST.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18300000, "bbox": [[0.35, 0.428, 0.65, 0.441]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 720, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18400000, "bbox": [[0.236, 0.459, 0.757, 0.523]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 721, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Table 11, we compare the effect of the mask extraction algorithm on generative model training. For this, we relied on prior studies on the existence of SLT and the convergence of MMD with a characteristic kernel [46, 14]. Our results empirically show SLT’s convergence under mask aver-aging generative FL setting. We also explore the Random and Top-k% algorithms. The Bernoulli method employed in PRISM outperformed top-k%, while Random and Weight represent the lower and upper bounds of performance achievable by SLT, respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18500000, "bbox": [[0.173, 0.545, 0.827, 0.632]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 722, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "NEVALUATION ON THE CENTRALIZED SETTING", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18600000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.65, 0.592, 0.667]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 723, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 12: Comparison of PRISM with centralized setting.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18700000, "bbox": [[0.311, 0.69, 0.689, 0.702]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 724, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18800000, "bbox": [[0.239, 0.719, 0.757, 0.833]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 725, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In Table 12, we report the results of models trained under FL vs. vanilla (centralized data) setups.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.855, 0.824, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 726, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "PRISM shows performance degradation due to privacy, data heterogeneity, and communication overhead in FL settings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18900000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.868, 0.824, 0.884], [0.176, 0.882, 0.308, 0.897]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 727, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, centralized training is not applicable in scenarios where distributed samples cannot be shared, which is the primary focus of our work.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18900000, "bbox": [[0.308, 0.882, 0.824, 0.897], [0.176, 0.896, 0.613, 0.911]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 728, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, our original submission did not include this comparison, consistent with existing FL research.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18900000, "bbox": [[0.613, 0.896, 0.824, 0.911], [0.176, 0.91, 0.66, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 729, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 19000000, "bbox": [[0.492, 0.95, 0.507, 0.959]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 730, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "OADDITIONAL RESULTS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 19100000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.102, 0.398, 0.119]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 731, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "O.1DIFFERENT RANDOM INITIALIZATION OR SEED", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 19200000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.133, 0.542, 0.148]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 732, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 13: Quantitative performance of PRISM across different random seeds on the MNIST dataset.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 19300000, "bbox": [[0.171, 0.161, 0.82, 0.176]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 733, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 19400000, "bbox": [[0.27, 0.192, 0.727, 0.33]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 734, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "PRISM learns a binary mask over frozen, randomly initialized weights. One might argue that the way model parameters are initialized can signifcantly impact performance. To validate the robustness of PRISM, we present quantitative performance across various random seeds using the MNIST dataset in Table 13. Note that the random seed 30 in the frst row of each table corresponds to the default confgurations described in Section 5 and all of experimental setup is identical to Section 5.1 and Section 5.2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 19500000, "bbox": [[0.175, 0.348, 0.829, 0.432]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 735, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "O.2ABLATION STUDY ON THE LEARNING RATE FOR BASELINES", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 19600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.448, 0.634, 0.462]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 736, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 14: Baseline’s FID performance for adjusting learning rate using MNIST dataset.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 19700000, "bbox": [[0.212, 0.476, 0.785, 0.491]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 737, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 19800000, "bbox": [[0.207, 0.507, 0.794, 0.593]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 738, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In this section, we present the additional experiments to validate the fairness of our entire experiments. In Table 14, we sweep learning rates for GS-WGAN and DP-FedAvgGAN and a FID performance on MNIST dataset with Non-IID and privacy-preserving scenario. Since they utilize GANs, there are separate learning rates for the generator and discriminator, and we examined these combinations. In the tables below, the top row represents the discriminator’s lr / generator’s lr, while thesubsequent row reports the FID scores. Due to the notorious instability of GAN training caused by the coupled learning dynamics between the generator and discriminator, we observed divergence in some settings. For GS-WGAN, the best performance was achieved with 1e-4 / 1e-5, but it still failed to generate MNIST images properly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 19900000, "bbox": [[0.174, 0.61, 0.828, 0.737]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 739, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "PCONTEXTUALIZE THE PRACTICAL SCENARIOS", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 20000000, "bbox": [[0.177, 0.754, 0.589, 0.771]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 740, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Federated learning (FL) is commonly motivated by real-world scenarios such as healthcare, fnance, and mobile devices, where direct data sharing is infeasible due to privacy concerns.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 20100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.785, 0.824, 0.801], [0.176, 0.799, 0.74, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 741, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In this context, our work does not aim to generate private data directly but instead focuses on enabling stable and effective generative modeling under these constraints.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 20100000, "bbox": [[0.74, 0.799, 0.824, 0.814], [0.176, 0.813, 0.824, 0.828], [0.176, 0.827, 0.549, 0.842]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 742, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "For instance, in healthcare, PRISM allows multiple institutions to collaboratively train generative models without sharing sensitive patient data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 20100000, "bbox": [[0.549, 0.827, 0.824, 0.842], [0.176, 0.841, 0.824, 0.856]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 743, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The resulting models can facilitate privacy-preserving synthetic data generation, imputation of missing medical records, data augmentation for low-data scenarios, and solving inverse problems such as denoising and reconstruction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 20100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.855, 0.824, 0.87], [0.176, 0.868, 0.824, 0.884], [0.176, 0.882, 0.389, 0.897]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 744, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Similarly, in mobile devices, PRISM enables decentralized training of generative models while preserving user privacy, which can enhance personalized content generation and user-specifc data augmentation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 20100000, "bbox": [[0.389, 0.882, 0.824, 0.897], [0.176, 0.896, 0.824, 0.911], [0.176, 0.91, 0.487, 0.925]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 745, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 20200000, "bbox": [[0.492, 0.95, 0.508, 0.959]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 746, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "PDF"}	# PRISM:PRIVACY-PRESERVING IMPROVED STOCHASTICMASKINGFORFEDERATED GENERATIVE MODELS ## ABSTRACT ## 1INTRODUCTION ## 2RELATED WORK ### Federated learning for classifcation models. ### Federated learning for generative models with privacy consideration. ## 3BACKGROUND ### 3.1STRONG LOTTERY TICKETS ### 3.2DIFFERENTIAL PRIVACY ## 4METHOD ### 4.1PRISM : PRIVACY-PRESERVING IMPROVED STOCHASTIC MASKING #### Local score updates with MMD loss. #### Binary mask generation and aggregation. #### Model initialization for storage effciency. ### 4.2PRIVACY ### 4.3MASK-AWARE DYNAMIC MOVING AVERAGE AGGREGATION ### 4.4TRADING-OFF BETWEEN PERFORMANCE AND COMMUNICATION COST ## 5EXPERIMENTS ### 5.1IID CASE ### 5.2NON-IID CASE ### 5.3 PERFORMANCE WITHOUT DIFFERENTIAL PRIVACY ### 5.4 EFFECT OF DYNAMIC MOVING AVERAGE AGGREGATION ### 5.5RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AT INFERENCE TIME ## 6 CONCLUSION ## AAPPENDIX ### APRIVACY ### BPRIVACY AMPLIFIED SCENARIO ### CTRAINING DETAILS ### DDATASET PARTITIONING STRATEGIES ACROSS CLIENTS #### IID setup. #### Non-IID setup (Shards-partitioned). #### Non-IID setup (Dirichlet-partitioned). ### EEFFICIENT STORAGE AND QUANTIZATION STRATEGY IN PRISM ### FANALYSIS OF HYBRID AGGREGATION ### G COMMUNICATION COST DURING DOWNLINK PROCESS ### HCROSS-DEVICE ENVIRONMENTS ### IANALYSIS OF CONVERGENCE OF λ IN MADA ### JCOMPUTATION COST ANALYSIS ### KSCALABILITY OF PRISM #### K.1EXTEND TO DIFFUSION MODEL #### K.2EVALUATION ON LARGE-SCALE DATASETS ### L SELECTION OF OTHER DISTANCE METRIC ### M THE EFFECT OF MASKING MECHANISM ### NEVALUATION ON THE CENTRALIZED SETTING ### OADDITIONAL RESULTS #### O.1DIFFERENT RANDOM INITIALIZATION OR SEED #### O.2ABLATION STUDY ON THE LEARNING RATE FOR BASELINES ### PCONTEXTUALIZE THE PRACTICAL SCENARIOS
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the sparse sampling strategy.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.397, 0.484, 0.74]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In contrast,Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) cap-ture temporal relationships within visual features but are limited by the scarcity of high-quality video-text datasets.To transfer long video understanding capabilities to VLMs with minimal data and computational cost,we propose Lightweight Video Compression (LVC), a novel method fea-turing the Query-Attention Video Compression mechanism,which effectively tackles the sparse sampling problem in VLMs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.397, 0.484, 0.74]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By training only the alignment layer with 10k short video-text pairs, LVC significantly enhances the temporal reasoning abilities of VLMs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.397, 0.484, 0.74]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Extensive experiments show that LVC provides consistent performance improvements across various models, including the InternVL2 series and Phi-3.5-Vision.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.397, 0.484, 0.74]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Notably, the InternVL2-40B-LVC achieves scores of 68.2 and 65.9 on the long video understanding benchmarks MLVU and Video-MME, respectively, with rel-ative improvements of$14.6\\%$and $7.7\\%$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.397, 0.484, 0.74]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The enhanced mod-els and code will be publicly available soon.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 800000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.397, 0.484, 0.74]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1.Introduction", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 900000, "bbox": [[0.096, 0.775, 0.22, 0.787]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs)has driven a paradigm shift in video understanding re-search, transitioning from conventional vision-centric ap-proaches [4,11,41,43] to LLM-based frameworks that leverage cross-modal alignment capabilities.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.095, 0.802, 0.482, 0.812], [0.095, 0.818, 0.481, 0.826], [0.094, 0.835, 0.481, 0.842], [0.095, 0.85, 0.48, 0.856], [0.095, 0.863, 0.395, 0.871]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This LLM-", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1000000, "bbox": [[0.395, 0.863, 0.481, 0.872]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Corresponding author.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.112, 0.89, 0.237, 0.898]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "driven revolution manifests in two predominant architec-tures:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1200000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.367, 0.904, 0.375], [0.517, 0.383, 0.556, 0.391]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Video-LLMs [3,16,23] pre-trained on video-text-paired data and VLMs [8,17,44] centered on image-text alignment [19,25].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1200000, "bbox": [[0.556, 0.383, 0.904, 0.39], [0.518, 0.4, 0.904, 0.406], [0.517, 0.414, 0.645, 0.42]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Video-LLMs establish video-text alignment [15,35],projecting sequential frame features into LLM's text space.While Video-LLMs demonstrate superior temporal aware-ness through video pre-training, their practical implementa-tion faces two key bottlenecks:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.538, 0.43, 0.905, 0.439], [0.518, 0.448, 0.905, 0.453], [0.519, 0.46, 0.904, 0.468], [0.518, 0.478, 0.905, 0.482], [0.517, 0.492, 0.721, 0.499]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " limited availability of high-quality video-text datasets [31, 32] and expensive com-putational costs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.721, 0.492, 0.904, 0.499], [0.518, 0.508, 0.904, 0.511], [0.518, 0.523, 0.632, 0.529]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In contrast, by processing temporally sampled frames as discrete visual inputs, VLMs demon-strate surprising competence in short video understanding tasks [5,20,50].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.632, 0.523, 0.904, 0.532], [0.518, 0.539, 0.904, 0.542], [0.518, 0.552, 0.903, 0.562], [0.518, 0.567, 0.634, 0.574]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Their strong spatial reasoning abilities,derived from large image-text datasets [10,26,33,37,38],enable them to match or even surpass specialized video ar-chitectures in tasks like temporal grounding [13,15,35]and video captioning [6,27].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.634, 0.567, 0.906, 0.575], [0.518, 0.581, 0.905, 0.59], [0.517, 0.598, 0.904, 0.604], [0.517, 0.612, 0.903, 0.62], [0.518, 0.628, 0.68, 0.635]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, the sparse sampling strategy faces challenges when dealing with long videos.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.537, 0.644, 0.904, 0.653], [0.518, 0.662, 0.726, 0.668]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The limited context length of LLMs restricts the number of sampled frames, caus-ing significant information loss and impairing the ability to capture fine-grained details in the video.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.726, 0.662, 0.904, 0.669], [0.517, 0.677, 0.903, 0.682], [0.518, 0.691, 0.904, 0.698], [0.518, 0.706, 0.792, 0.713]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To address this,Video-LLMs have introduced memory [14,40] or compres-sion modules [35,48].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.792, 0.706, 0.905, 0.714], [0.518, 0.72, 0.904, 0.725], [0.518, 0.737, 0.668, 0.743]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, most of these approaches rely heavily on large-scale pre-training or fine-tuning, fail-ing to effectively utilize the existing capabilities of VLMs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.668, 0.737, 0.904, 0.744], [0.517, 0.752, 0.904, 0.756], [0.517, 0.765, 0.9, 0.774]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our key insight is that current VLMs already possess frame-level understanding capabilities required for video tasks, but the sparse sampling strategy fails to provide suf-ficient perceptual information and temporal modeling ca-pabilities.Short video segments, containing enough motion cues, establish a temporal baseline that enables the model to acquire temporal awareness.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.537, 0.783, 0.904, 0.792], [0.517, 0.799, 0.9, 0.807], [0.518, 0.814, 0.905, 0.819], [0.518, 0.828, 0.904, 0.836], [0.518, 0.846, 0.904, 0.852], [0.518, 0.861, 0.904, 0.867], [0.518, 0.876, 0.705, 0.882]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This temporal knowledge can then be transferred to long video understanding, providing a", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.705, 0.876, 0.904, 0.883], [0.517, 0.889, 0.904, 0.898]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.925, 0.506, 0.939]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.086, 0.905, 0.331]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 1. Comparison examples of InternVL2-40B and InternVL2-40B-LVC. Red text indicates errors in InternVL2-40B caused by its sparse sampling strategy failing to capture temporal details, while green text highlights corrections made by InternVL2-40B-LVC.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1700000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.347, 0.906, 0.372]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "robust solution without the need for large-scale pre-training.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1700000, "bbox": [[0.094, 0.405, 0.482, 0.411]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Building on this insight, we propose Lightweight Video Compression(LVC), which introduces the novel parameter-free Query-Attention Video Compression mechanism.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.42, 0.481, 0.429], [0.095, 0.436, 0.48, 0.445], [0.095, 0.451, 0.45, 0.46]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This mechanism transforms discrete sampled features into con-tinuous dynamic representations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.45, 0.451, 0.48, 0.46], [0.104, 0.469, 0.481, 0.475], [0.095, 0.482, 0.323, 0.49]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Guided by the input query,LVC extracts key information from long videos, pro-viding a more complete video representation while sup-pressing irrelevant details.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.323, 0.482, 0.481, 0.491], [0.095, 0.499, 0.482, 0.503], [0.095, 0.514, 0.481, 0.521], [0.095, 0.528, 0.27, 0.535]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By training only the alignment layer of VLMs (approximately 100M parameters), LVC successfully evolves VLMs into video understanding mod-els, fully leveraging the capabilities of VLMs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.27, 0.528, 0.48, 0.535], [0.095, 0.541, 0.48, 0.551], [0.095, 0.559, 0.48, 0.565], [0.094, 0.573, 0.407, 0.58]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The LVC-enhanced VLMs achieve consistent relative improvements on the long video understanding benchmarks, MLVU and Video-MME.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.407, 0.573, 0.481, 0.578], [0.095, 0.589, 0.48, 0.595], [0.095, 0.604, 0.48, 0.611], [0.095, 0.617, 0.185, 0.626]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Compared to Video-LLMs,which rely on millions of image-text pairs and hundreds of thousands of video-text pairs for pre-training [15,39] and even more [7],LVC only requires 10k video pairs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.185, 0.617, 0.48, 0.626], [0.095, 0.635, 0.481, 0.641], [0.095, 0.65, 0.482, 0.657], [0.095, 0.662, 0.33, 0.671]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, InternVL2-8B-LVC can be trained on a single H100-80G GPU in 5 hours, offering a low-cost and efficient path to high-performance video understanding models.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.33, 0.662, 0.482, 0.669], [0.095, 0.679, 0.48, 0.687], [0.095, 0.693, 0.48, 0.701], [0.095, 0.71, 0.379, 0.716]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In conclusion,our main contributions are as follows:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.379, 0.71, 0.481, 0.717], [0.094, 0.725, 0.342, 0.73]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "·Parameter-free Query-Attention Video Compres-sion.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.113, 0.742, 0.481, 0.749], [0.127, 0.758, 0.161, 0.765]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We propose a query-guided video dynamic rep-resentation method that enhances the temporal aware-ness of VLMs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.161, 0.758, 0.48, 0.765], [0.127, 0.773, 0.481, 0.78], [0.127, 0.789, 0.226, 0.795]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It is a plug-and-play approach compat-ible with any VLMs that process videos as sequences of image frames.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.226, 0.789, 0.481, 0.792], [0.127, 0.802, 0.48, 0.811], [0.127, 0.819, 0.238, 0.826]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "·A lightweight framework for long video under-standing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2000000, "bbox": [[0.113, 0.845, 0.481, 0.852], [0.127, 0.859, 0.195, 0.867]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We propose a lightweight framework for converting VLMs into video models.By training only the alignment layer with only 10k short videos,the", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2000000, "bbox": [[0.195, 0.859, 0.481, 0.867], [0.127, 0.876, 0.48, 0.884], [0.127, 0.889, 0.48, 0.898]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "frame-level image-text understanding capabilities of VLMs are fully leveraged for long video understand-ing tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2000000, "bbox": [[0.55, 0.402, 0.904, 0.411], [0.55, 0.417, 0.905, 0.424], [0.55, 0.433, 0.614, 0.442]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "·LVC-enhanced models.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.536, 0.455, 0.72, 0.461]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We introduce InternVL2-8B/26B/40B-LVC and Phi-3.5-Vision-LVC (4B), con-sistently enhancing VLMs' performance on zero-shot long video understanding benchmarks MLVU and Video-MME.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.72, 0.455, 0.905, 0.458], [0.55, 0.468, 0.904, 0.476], [0.549, 0.484, 0.904, 0.491], [0.549, 0.499, 0.902, 0.506], [0.55, 0.515, 0.673, 0.521]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Specifically, InternVL2-40B-LVC achieve scores of 68.2 and 65.9 on these bench-marks, with relative improvements of 14.6% and 7.7%.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.673, 0.515, 0.902, 0.521], [0.55, 0.53, 0.904, 0.536], [0.551, 0.545, 0.903, 0.551], [0.55, 0.557, 0.592, 0.567]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Notably, InternVL2-40B-LVC surpass GPT-40on MLVU.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.592, 0.557, 0.904, 0.567], [0.55, 0.575, 0.621, 0.582]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.Related Work", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.6, 0.653, 0.611]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "2.1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.518, 0.625, 0.547, 0.635]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Vision-Language Models", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.547, 0.625, 0.739, 0.635]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "VLMs aim to perform languaged-based tasks using in-formation from the visual modality.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.518, 0.647, 0.904, 0.656], [0.517, 0.662, 0.769, 0.67]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Early VLMs [34]adopt contrastive learning to align vision and language em-beddings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.769, 0.662, 0.903, 0.672], [0.518, 0.68, 0.904, 0.683], [0.518, 0.693, 0.584, 0.701]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "With the rapid development of LLMs, VLMs have evolved to utilize LLMs' capabilities to tackle com-plex vision-language tasks.", "language": 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density conflicts with LLMs' limited context win-dows.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.094, 0.463, 0.482, 0.469], [0.099, 0.481, 0.481, 0.485], [0.095, 0.494, 0.136, 0.502]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "One approach is hierarchical processing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.136, 0.494, 0.416, 0.503]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[24] uses scene detection for video clipping and then employs GPT-4V to understand clip-level video.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.416, 0.494, 0.48, 0.503], [0.095, 0.511, 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"web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[28] progressively increases resolution and input frames for long-video adaptation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.295, 0.662, 0.48, 0.669], [0.094, 0.677, 0.455, 0.684]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Hi-erarchical methods are often complex in design and fail to fully utilize video representation information, while data-driven Video-LLMs rely on high-quality video-text pairs for training, which are difficult to acquire at scale.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.455, 0.677, 0.482, 0.681], [0.095, 0.693, 0.48, 0.699], [0.095, 0.705, 0.48, 0.713], [0.095, 0.72, 0.48, 0.729], [0.095, 0.737, 0.4, 0.744]]}]}, "tags": 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"IOS"}, {"txt": "General video understanding tasks can be formulated as:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.093, 0.812, 0.484, 0.9]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "given a video $v$ and a textual query $q$, the goal is to pre-dict a textual answer $y$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.093, 0.812, 0.484, 0.9]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "VLMs process the video into $N$ sampled frames$f_{1},f_{2},\\cdots ,f_{N}$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.093, 0.812, 0.484, 0.9]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The length of visual feature tokens must account for the window size limitation of the LLM backbone.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.093, 0.812, 0.484, 0.9]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, in typical VLMs,$N$is generally", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.093, 0.812, 0.484, 0.9]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "set to smaller values, such as 8 or 16 [8, 25].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.094, 0.906, 0.179]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These sam-pled frames are processed through a Vision Transformer,such as CLIP-ViT [34], to obtain sampled frame features $\\boldsymbol {F}_{1}\\boldsymbol {F}_{2}\\cdots \\boldsymbol {F}_{N}\\boldsymbol {F}_{i}\\in \\mathbb {R}^{tx}$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.094, 0.906, 0.179]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Here, $t$ represents the num-ber of tokens describing an image frame, and $d$ denotes the feature dimension of each token.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.094, 0.906, 0.179]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The sampled frame features$\\boldsymbol {F}_{i},i=1,\\cdots ,N$are sequen-tially concatenated along the token dimension and aligned to the LLM's text space using an alignment layer.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.182, 0.906, 0.27]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "They are then concatenated with a query embeddedas$\\boldsymbol {Q}\\in \\mathbb {R}^{lxd^{\\prime }}$and fed into the LLM for autoregressive decoding to gener-ate the answer.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.182, 0.906, 0.27]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$\\boldsymbol 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LLM's text space,$V$ represents the input visual features, and$\\boldsymbol {Y}_{i<j}$represents the text embeddings generated from previous outputs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.374, 0.906, 0.434]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Video-LLMs densely sample $M$ frames and apply fea-ture transformation to ensure that the visual features con-form to the input constraints of the LLM backbone.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.434, 0.906, 0.583]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The number of frames $M$ can be set to values such as 64,128,or 256 [18,29,52],allowing Video-LLMs to capture much more 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0.852]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Unlike the pre-training paradigms of VLMs and Video-LLMs shown in Figure 2(a)(b).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.545, 0.859, 0.904, 0.867], [0.517, 0.873, 0.732, 0.882]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The only trainable com-ponent is the alignment layer, which projects compressed", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.732, 0.873, 0.904, 0.882], [0.517, 0.891, 0.9, 0.898]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, 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(a)VLMs (b)Video-LLMs (c)The overall architecture of LVC.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.287, 0.475, 0.712, 0.485]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "features into the text space of the LLM backbone.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.095, 0.516, 0.424, 0.525]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This de-sign allows the well-pre-trained VLM to rapidly adapt to long video inputs without fine-tuning the LLM backbone,achieving both parameter efficiency and temporal aware-ness capability.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.424, 0.516, 0.481, 0.523], [0.095, 0.533, 0.48, 0.54], [0.095, 0.547, 0.483, 0.556], [0.095, 0.564, 0.481, 0.57], [0.095, 0.579, 0.196, 0.586]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In terms of computational complexity, our method in-creases only the Visual Encoder's computation, while keep-ing LLM-side processing unchanged, offering a novel solu-tion for long-video understanding.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.593, 0.482, 0.599], [0.095, 0.611, 0.481, 0.617], [0.095, 0.624, 0.481, 0.632], [0.094, 0.64, 0.319, 0.648]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.3.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.094, 0.666, 0.123, 0.676]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Infusing Queries into Video Compressing", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.123, 0.666, 0.442, 0.678]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Densely sampled frames often contain redundant informa-tion, and directly concatenating real frame features in se-quence would far exceed the LLM input limitation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.095, 0.689, 0.48, 0.699], [0.094, 0.706, 0.482, 0.711], [0.094, 0.723, 0.435, 0.729]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To ad-dress this, we propose the Query-Attention Video Compres-sion mechanism, which leverages the text modality to retain essential information needed for video understanding.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.435, 0.723, 0.482, 0.726], [0.094, 0.736, 0.48, 0.743], [0.094, 0.753, 0.48, 0.759], [0.095, 0.768, 0.447, 0.774]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Specifically,the densely sampled frames are processed through a Vision Transformer and alignment layer to obtain the visual features $V$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.093, 0.782, 0.484, 0.837]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Based on the compression ratio, a window length $w$ is set, and $V$ is sliced as:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.093, 0.782, 0.484, 0.837]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$\\boldsymbol {V}=\\left[\\boldsymbol {V}_{1},\\boldsymbol {V}_{2},\\cdots ,\\boldsymbol {V}_{M^{\\prime }t}\\right],\\boldsymbol {V}_{i}\\in \\mathbb {R}^{wxd^{\\prime }},i=1,\\cdots ,M^{\\prime }t.$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.107, 0.869, 0.467, 0.888]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(3)", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.461, 0.889, 0.481, 0.898]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$\\boldsymbol {V}_{i}$represents the local video features, where the video is divided into windows to ensure that the temporal infor-mation of the video is preserved.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.514, 0.906, 0.572]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$M^{\\prime }=M/$represents the number of pseudo-image frames after compression.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.514, 0.906, 0.572]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The textual query $b$ with length $l$ is passed through a Text Embedding layer to obtain the query features$\\boldsymbol {Q}\\in \\mathbb {R}^{x^{\\prime }}$and then the token dimension is averaged to derive the sentence-level query feature:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.576, 0.906, 0.633]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$\\overline {\\boldsymbol {Q}}=\\frac {1}{l}\\sum _{j=1}^{l}\\boldsymbol {Q}_{j},\\boldsymbol {Q}_{j}\\in \\mathbb {R}^{d^{\\prime }}\\tag{4}$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.622, 0.648, 0.906, 0.688]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The query feature$\\bar {Q}$ is integrated into $V$ by generating weights,which are then used to modulate the visual fea-tures:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.696, 0.906, 0.736]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$\\boldsymbol {W}_{i}=\\text {Softmax}\\left(\\frac {\\overline {\\boldsymbol {Q}}\\boldsymbol {V}_{i}^{\\top }}{\\sqrt {d^{\\prime }}}\\right)\\in \\mathbb {R}^{w}\\tag{5}$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.578, 0.761, 0.906, 0.8]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$\\boldsymbol {V}_{i}^{\\prime }=\\sum _{k=0}^{w}\\left(\\boldsymbol {W}_{i}\\odot \\boldsymbol {V}_{i}\\right)^{(k)}\\in \\mathbb {R}^{d^{\\prime }}\\tag{6}$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": 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"position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.093, 0.092, 0.484, 0.165]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, we observe that the multi-head mecha-nism introduces more multi-modal weight information in the compression process.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.17, 0.48, 0.179], [0.094, 0.188, 0.48, 0.194], [0.095, 0.201, 0.266, 0.208]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The pseudo-code for our com-plete compression mechanism is provided in the supple-mentary material.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.266, 0.201, 0.48, 0.208], [0.094, 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"global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Dataset and Benchmarks", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.122, 0.282, 0.313, 0.293]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Video-ChatGPT [32] is a commonly used instruction-tuning dataset for general video understanding tasks, con-taining 13,303 videos and 100,010 video-text pairs, an-notated using a combination of human-assisted and semi-automatic methods.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.095, 0.305, 0.482, 0.312], [0.095, 0.322, 0.48, 0.329], [0.095, 0.337, 0.483, 0.342], [0.095, 0.352, 0.483, 0.357], [0.094, 0.368, 0.227, 0.374]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The average duration of the videos is 117s (short videos).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.227, 0.368, 0.48, 0.374], [0.095, 0.381, 0.248, 0.39]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In our experiments, we randomly selected 10,000 pairs as a subset Video-ChatGPT-10K to train the alignment layer of VLMs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.248, 0.381, 0.48, 0.39], [0.095, 0.398, 0.48, 0.404], [0.095, 0.413, 0.327, 0.419]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Ablation studies on the data show that LVC is not a data-driven method,which sig-nificantly distinguishes it from the pre-training paradigm.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.327, 0.413, 0.48, 0.42], [0.095, 0.426, 0.481, 0.436], [0.095, 0.443, 0.47, 0.449]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "MLVU [54] is a multi-task long video understanding benchmark.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.456, 0.484, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We evaluate LVC on the multiple-choice ques-tions $\\left(MLVU_{M}\\right)$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.456, 0.484, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The average length of videos is about 15minutes, ranging from 3 minutes to 2 hours.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.456, 0.484, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "LVC achieved comprehensive improvements across seven sub-tasks,in-cluding action order, action count, topic reasoning,anomaly recognition, plot QA, ego reasoning, and needle QA.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.456, 0.484, 0.556]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Video-MME [12]contains 900 videos and 2700 high-quality annotations of multiple-choice questions,includ-ing short (0-2 minutes), medium (4-15 minutes),and long videos (30-60 minutes).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.561, 0.481, 0.57], [0.094, 0.58, 0.483, 0.583], [0.095, 0.593, 0.48, 0.602], [0.095, 0.609, 0.253, 0.616]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We evaluate the VLMs before and after enhancement with LVC without subtitles, as the sam-pled video frames contain more subtitles compared to the input frames of the VLMs, ensuring a fair comparison.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.253, 0.609, 0.48, 0.616], [0.095, 0.624, 0.481, 0.631], [0.095, 0.64, 0.48, 0.646], [0.095, 0.653, 0.451, 0.662]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.094, 0.676, 0.124, 0.686]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Experimental Setup", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.124, 0.676, 0.279, 0.689]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 1. Training parameters and total parameters of InternVL2-8/26/40B-LVC and Phi-3.5-Vision-LVC, along with correspond-ing training time and resources.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.709, 0.483, 0.748]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.1, 0.763, 0.496, 0.84]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "We conduct all our experiments on the Video-ChatGPT-10K dataset, which is zero-shot with respect to the two benchmarks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.858, 0.48, 0.866], [0.096, 0.874, 0.48, 0.883], [0.095, 0.889, 0.181, 0.898]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Considering that the average duration of the", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.181, 0.889, 0.48, 0.898]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Video-ChatGPT-10K subset is less than two minutes, we fix the number of sampled frames per video to 64 (approxi-mately 0.5 fps).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.518, 0.094, 0.904, 0.104], [0.518, 0.11, 0.904, 0.117], [0.518, 0.127, 0.623, 0.133]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After compression, the number of pseudo-image frames is set to 2, 4, 8, and 16, allowing us to com-prehensively evaluate the performance of different models under varying input frame numbers.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.623, 0.127, 0.904, 0.131], [0.517, 0.14, 0.9, 0.148], [0.518, 0.157, 0.904, 0.164], [0.517, 0.171, 0.752, 0.178]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We conduct all our experiments by training only the alignment layer of the model, with the specific training parameters and total parameter count detailed in Table 1.From both the data and parameter perspectives, LVC is a lightweight approach.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.538, 0.186, 0.904, 0.195], [0.517, 0.203, 0.904, 0.211], [0.518, 0.219, 0.904, 0.225], [0.518, 0.232, 0.904, 0.241], [0.518, 0.247, 0.664, 0.255]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, since it does not fine-tune the LLM, LVC remains a plug-and-play method,en-suring compatibility with various VLM architectures.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.664, 0.247, 0.905, 0.253], [0.517, 0.263, 0.904, 0.27], [0.518, 0.278, 0.865, 0.285]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.3.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.518, 0.304, 0.546, 0.313]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Results on InternVL2 Series", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.546, 0.304, 0.766, 0.314]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Tables 2 and 3 provide a detailed report on the experimen-tal results of enhancing InternVL2 [8] across three model scales using the LVC method.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.518, 0.327, 0.904, 0.336], [0.518, 0.343, 0.904, 0.351], [0.518, 0.359, 0.719, 0.366]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "From these results, we can derive the following conclusions:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.719, 0.359, 0.903, 0.366], [0.517, 0.372, 0.734, 0.381]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.388, 0.908, 0.553]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The LVC method enhances the long-video understand-ing capability of the InternVL2 model series at a min-imal cost by incorporating additional visual informa-tion.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.388, 0.908, 0.553]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "On the MLVU benchmark, the three model scales achieve relative improvements of $9.6\\%$, ,$6.1\\%$and $14.6\\%$, respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.388, 0.908, 0.553]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "On the Video-MME bench-mark, the relative improvements are $2.6\\%$,$5.9\\%$,and $7.7\\%$,respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.388, 0.908, 0.553]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Notably, the InternVL2-8B-LVC outperforms the InternVL2-40B/76B models, while the InternVL2-40B-LVC surpasses GPT-4o on the MLVU benchmark.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.388, 0.908, 0.553]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 175, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.554, 0.534, 0.564]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 176, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The InternVL2-40B-LVC achieved consistent improve-ments across both benchmarks and their respective sub-tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.534, 0.554, 0.905, 0.561], [0.538, 0.573, 0.905, 0.576], [0.538, 0.586, 0.578, 0.593]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 177, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This can be attributed to its larger scale and more high-quality pre-training data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.578, 0.586, 0.9, 0.593], [0.538, 0.603, 0.773, 0.609]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 178, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "LVC effectively ad-dresses the information sparsity of VLMs in temporal reasoning by incorporating denser visual inputs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.773, 0.603, 0.905, 0.607], [0.538, 0.614, 0.904, 0.624], [0.538, 0.631, 0.851, 0.638]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.645, 0.534, 0.654]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The superior performance of LVC on MLVU compared to Video-MME can likely be attributed to the limited length of training data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.534, 0.645, 0.904, 0.654], [0.538, 0.662, 0.904, 0.669], [0.538, 0.676, 0.693, 0.684]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 181, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The number of sampled frames during training is insufficient to represent the hour-long videos in Video-MME.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.693, 0.676, 0.904, 0.684], [0.538, 0.69, 0.903, 0.701], [0.538, 0.708, 0.695, 0.714]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 182, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In contrast, MLVU videos ex-hibit a smaller variance in duration, predominantly rang-ing from 5 to 15 minutes, making them more effectively represented by 64 sampled frames.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.695, 0.708, 0.905, 0.711], [0.538, 0.721, 0.904, 0.73], [0.538, 0.737, 0.901, 0.747], [0.538, 0.754, 0.766, 0.76]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 183, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To the best of our knowledge, LVC is the first approach to enhance VLMs for long video understanding, introduc-ing a novel research direction distinct from Video-LLMs.Its core contribution lies in leveraging the high-quality pre-training of VLMs to improve temporal reasoning without requiring extensive video-specific pre-training.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.537, 0.767, 0.904, 0.775], [0.518, 0.784, 0.904, 0.788], [0.518, 0.798, 0.905, 0.806], [0.518, 0.812, 0.904, 0.818], [0.517, 0.83, 0.904, 0.836], [0.517, 0.845, 0.824, 0.851]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "LVC preserves the pseudo-image frame format, includ-ing visual feature dimensions and special tokens.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.537, 0.857, 0.904, 0.867], [0.517, 0.874, 0.859, 0.882]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since the windowing strategy along the token dimension allows", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.859, 0.874, 0.904, 0.883], [0.517, 0.89, 0.904, 0.898]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7600000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.925, 0.506, 0.938]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 2. Performance of InternVL2-8/26/40B-LVC on MLVU. TR, AR, NQA, ER, PQA, AC, AO represent the sub-tasks:topic reasoning,anomaly recognition, needle QA,ego reasoning, plot QA, action count, and action order. fps represents the number of frames sampled per second.$\\text {'}\\rightarrow 16\\text {'}$ indicates that the model maintains the same visual feature length before and after LVC enhancement for a fairer comparison.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7700000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.092, 0.906, 0.13]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.14, 0.148, 0.859, 0.443]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 3. Performance of InternVL2-8/26/40B-LVC on Video-MME.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7900000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.468, 0.484, 0.493]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8000000, "bbox": [[0.096, 0.508, 0.496, 0.766]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "similar tokens to be aggregated through the query-attention mechanism, the compressed video features remain closely aligned with real image frames.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.094, 0.83, 0.48, 0.836], [0.095, 0.846, 0.48, 0.854], [0.095, 0.86, 0.3, 0.867]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As a result, VLMs can learn the visual representation of pseudo-image frames solely through the alignment layer.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.3, 0.86, 0.48, 0.867], [0.095, 0.874, 0.48, 0.884], [0.094, 0.889, 0.28, 0.897]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.4.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.472, 0.547, 0.482]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 194, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Analyses on Input Frames", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.547, 0.472, 0.749, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 3 demonstrates the performance improvements of the LVC method in enhancing InternVL2-8B/26B/40B at compression ratios of 32/16/8/4.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.525, 0.495, 0.904, 0.504], [0.517, 0.51, 0.904, 0.52], [0.517, 0.527, 0.73, 0.533]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Based on these results,we can draw the following conclusions:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.73, 0.527, 0.904, 0.534], [0.517, 0.542, 0.753, 0.549]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8400000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.555, 0.906, 0.645]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The LVC method provides consistent perforance im-provements across various compression ratios for differ-ent scales of InternVL2, with more significant improve-ments observed on MLVU.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8400000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.555, 0.906, 0.645]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Specifically, InternVL2-40B achieved relative performance improvements of $27.9\\%$and $24.7\\%$ at fram$\\mathrm {m}=2/$,respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8400000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.555, 0.906, 0.645]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8500000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.646, 0.535, 0.655]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The performance improvement of LVC becomes more significant as the compression ratio increases.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8500000, "bbox": [[0.535, 0.646, 0.904, 0.655], [0.538, 0.664, 0.851, 0.67]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is because with fewer input frames, the amount of infor-mation available to the VLMs decreases.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8500000, "bbox": [[0.851, 0.664, 0.904, 0.67], [0.538, 0.677, 0.903, 0.685], [0.538, 0.694, 0.814, 0.701]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "On the other hand, it also highlights LVC's ability to retain more in-formation even under high compression ratios.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8500000, "bbox": [[0.814, 0.694, 0.904, 0.701], [0.538, 0.707, 0.905, 0.713], [0.538, 0.722, 0.842, 0.73]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.515, 0.736, 0.906, 0.838]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The performance growth of models enhanced with LVC becomes more gradual as the input frame count in-creases.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.515, 0.736, 0.906, 0.838]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 206, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, at fram$\\mathrm {e}=4/8/$16,the perfor-mance differences across InternVL2 models are rela-tively small.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.515, 0.736, 0.906, 0.838]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 207, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This demonstrates the potential of LVC,as it is capable of providing rich and effective information even with a smallernumber of input frames.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.515, 0.736, 0.906, 0.838]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In summary, LVC is a highly promising method for en-hancing VLMs under limited computational resources.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.537, 0.843, 0.904, 0.851], [0.517, 0.859, 0.881, 0.867]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 209, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By efficiently representing pseudo-image frames, it provides the visual information required for long video understand-", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.881, 0.859, 0.904, 0.869], [0.517, 0.876, 0.904, 0.882], [0.517, 0.889, 0.904, 0.897]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 210, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.493, 0.925, 0.506, 0.938]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 211, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.093, 0.09, 0.485, 0.27]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 212, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.099, 0.27, 0.482, 0.448]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 213, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 3. Performance comparison of InternVL2-8/26/40B before and after LVC enhancement on MLVU and Video-MME, with in-put frames set to 2/4/8/16. For LVC models, input frames refer to the numbers of pseudo-image frame after compression. Sampled frames are uniformly set to 64.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.461, 0.484, 0.528]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 214, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "ing in VLMs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.094, 0.557, 0.185, 0.566]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 215, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.5.Ablation Studies", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.094, 0.58, 0.253, 0.59]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 216, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 4. Data ablation experiment on InternVL2-8/26/40B with input frames set to 16. Origin represents the model's original per-formance, while Trained and LVC-trained indicate the results of training the model with the same data, without and with LVC, re-spectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.093, 0.611, 0.484, 0.677]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 217, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9300000, "bbox": [[0.097, 0.691, 0.497, 0.806]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 218, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Data Ablation:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9400000, "bbox": [[0.095, 0.828, 0.2, 0.836]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 219, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Table 4 presents the results of the data ab-lation study, where we compare the performance of the In-ternVL2 series models trained on Video-ChatGPT-10K with and without LVC.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9400000, "bbox": [[0.2, 0.828, 0.483, 0.834], [0.095, 0.843, 0.481, 0.849], [0.095, 0.86, 0.48, 0.867], [0.095, 0.876, 0.213, 0.882]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 220, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Based on the comparison between Origin and Trained, we can conclude that the LVC method does", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9400000, "bbox": [[0.213, 0.876, 0.48, 0.883], [0.095, 0.891, 0.48, 0.898]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 5. Component ablation results of InternVL2-8B. w/o multi-heads indicates the removal of the multi-head mechanism in LVC,while w/o query-attn removes the query influence, making it equivalent to average pooling.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9500000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.092, 0.906, 0.143]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9600000, "bbox": [[0.519, 0.158, 0.922, 0.246]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "not achieve performance improvement through training on video data, but rather through its enhanced representation mechanism.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9700000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.278, 0.904, 0.285], [0.517, 0.294, 0.904, 0.301], [0.517, 0.309, 0.598, 0.316]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The primary role of Video-ChatGPT-10K is to help the enhanced model understand pseudo-image frame represen-tations, as the model itself was not aligned with compressed visual features during its pre-training process.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9800000, "bbox": [[0.538, 0.321, 0.904, 0.331], [0.517, 0.34, 0.904, 0.345], [0.518, 0.354, 0.903, 0.361], [0.518, 0.369, 0.817, 0.376]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 225, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Data Scale Ablation:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.384, 0.676, 0.393]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 226, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " We add the performance of InternVL2-8B at different steps on the Video-ChatGPT10k dataset, as shown in the Figure 4.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.676, 0.384, 0.904, 0.393], [0.518, 0.4, 0.903, 0.408], [0.518, 0.414, 0.751, 0.423]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We can conclude that LVC achieves quite good performance with just a small-scale dataset (around 1000 steps), indicating fast adaptation speed.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.751, 0.414, 0.904, 0.423], [0.517, 0.429, 0.904, 0.438], [0.518, 0.447, 0.904, 0.453], [0.518, 0.462, 0.56, 0.468]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After 1000 steps, the long video understanding abil-ity grows slowly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.56, 0.462, 0.904, 0.468], [0.518, 0.475, 0.631, 0.483]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We use 10k data as a balanced choice between perfor-mance and training cost, as well as for easy comparison ex-periments across different models and compression ratios.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.538, 0.49, 0.904, 0.499], [0.517, 0.508, 0.905, 0.512], [0.518, 0.522, 0.897, 0.529]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 230, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Component Ablation:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.518, 0.537, 0.672, 0.547]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Table 5 presents the component ablation study, where we separately remove the Query-Attention Video Compression mechanism itself and the in-ternal multi-head mechanism.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.672, 0.537, 0.904, 0.547], [0.517, 0.554, 0.904, 0.561], [0.517, 0.568, 0.905, 0.574], [0.517, 0.583, 0.717, 0.591]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 232, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The former is equivalent to average pooling.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.717, 0.583, 0.904, 0.592], [0.517, 0.6, 0.628, 0.606]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 233, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Based on the results, we can draw the fol-lowing conclusions:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.628, 0.6, 0.904, 0.605], [0.517, 0.613, 0.647, 0.621]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 234, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10200000, "bbox": [[0.518, 0.629, 0.533, 0.637]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 235, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The query provides multi-modal information and plays a guiding role in the video compression process of LVVC.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10200000, "bbox": [[0.533, 0.629, 0.904, 0.638], [0.538, 0.646, 0.896, 0.652]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 236, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.517, 0.658, 0.534, 0.667]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 237, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The introduction of multi-heads increases the number of weights, from one per window to multiple per window,corresponding to the number of attention heads.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.534, 0.658, 0.904, 0.668], [0.538, 0.677, 0.904, 0.684], [0.538, 0.691, 0.868, 0.698]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 238, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The finer-grained weighting has a positive correlation with performance.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.868, 0.691, 0.904, 0.698], [0.538, 0.705, 0.904, 0.713], [0.538, 0.722, 0.627, 0.729]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.Even with the removal of certain components, models enhanced with LVC still achieve performance improve-ments over the original models in long video understand-ing tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.734, 0.904, 0.742], [0.538, 0.751, 0.904, 0.757], [0.538, 0.766, 0.905, 0.771], [0.538, 0.78, 0.606, 0.788]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 240, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is because the core advantage of LVC lies in compensating for the information loss in VLMs,which rely on sparsely sampled frames as multi-image inputs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.606, 0.78, 0.903, 0.789], [0.538, 0.795, 0.906, 0.804], [0.539, 0.811, 0.904, 0.819], [0.538, 0.826, 0.583, 0.834]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 241, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.6.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.518, 0.851, 0.546, 0.86]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 242, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Results on Phi-3.5-Vision", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.546, 0.851, 0.74, 0.86]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 243, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We select a smaller-scale model, Phi-3.5-Vision (4B) [1],and evaluate its performance before and after enhancement", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.518, 0.873, 0.905, 0.883], [0.516, 0.89, 0.904, 0.898]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 244, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.493, 0.925, 0.506, 0.938]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 245, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.095, 0.09, 0.486, 0.27]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 246, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.097, 0.27, 0.484, 0.45]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 247, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 4. Performance of InternVL2-8 on MLVU with LVC en-hancement at different training steps.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.461, 0.481, 0.486]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 248, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "with the LVC method.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10900000, "bbox": [[0.094, 0.52, 0.243, 0.527]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 249, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The results are shown in Figure 5.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10900000, "bbox": [[0.243, 0.52, 0.467, 0.527]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 250, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, due to low dataset quality or incompatibility between the data and the model, directly training the model results in some performance degradation across both bench-marks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11000000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.532, 0.481, 0.544], [0.094, 0.548, 0.48, 0.556], [0.094, 0.565, 0.48, 0.572], [0.095, 0.58, 0.142, 0.587]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 251, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This phenomenon is also observed in InternVL2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11000000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.58, 0.464, 0.587]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 252, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "From the figure, it can be observed that LVC achieves consistent improvements on MLVU, with an average im-provement of 5.4.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.593, 0.481, 0.602], [0.095, 0.611, 0.481, 0.617], [0.095, 0.626, 0.22, 0.632]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 253, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Similarly, on Video-MME,LVC also demonstrates consistent improvements after excluding data influence, with an average improvement of 2.5.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.22, 0.626, 0.48, 0.633], [0.1, 0.639, 0.48, 0.648], [0.095, 0.655, 0.413, 0.662]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 254, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This con-firms the scalability of LVC to other VLMs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], 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{"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18500000, "bbox": [[0.49, 0.924, 0.509, 0.939]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 448, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "PDF"}	# LVC: A Lightweight Compression Framework for Enhancing VLMs in LongVideo Understanding ## Abstract ## 1.Introduction ## 2.Related Work ### 2.1.Vision-Language Models ### 2.2.Video Large Language Models ### 2.3.Long Video Understanding ## 3.Methods ### 3.1.Problem Formulation of Video Understanding ### 3.2.Model Architecture ### 3.3.Infusing Queries into Video Compressing ## 4.Experiments ### 4.1.Dataset and Benchmarks ### 4.2.Experimental Setup ### 4.3.Results on InternVL2 Series ### 4.4.Analyses on Input Frames #### 1.The LVC method provides consistent perforance im-provements across various compression ratios for differ-ent scales of InternVL2, with more significant improve-ments observed on MLVU. #### 2.The performance improvement of LVC becomes more significant as the compression ratio increases. #### 3.The performance growth of models enhanced with LVC becomes more gradual as the input frame count in-creases. ### 4.5.Ablation Studies #### Data Ablation: #### Data Scale Ablation: #### Component Ablation: ### 4.6.Results on Phi-3.5-Vision ## 5.Discussion and Future Work ## 6.Conclusion
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"IOS"}, {"txt": "平面设计也称为视觉传达设计，是以“视觉”作为沟通和表现的方式。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 546, "txt": "平面设计也称为视觉传达设计，是以“视觉”作为沟通和表现的方式。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "相对于 UI 设计来说平面设计要早得非常多，在现在的设计职场中平面设计负责的工作内容相对比较多，对于他们的设计功底也是要求比较全面的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 547, "txt": "相对于 UI 设计来说平面设计要早得非常多，在现在的设计职场中平面设计负责的工作内容相对比较多，对于他们的设计功底也是要求比较全面的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "作为平面设计师会接触到包括标识（商标和品牌）、出版物（杂志，报纸和书籍等）、平面广告，海报，广告牌，网站图形元素、标志和产品包装等等方面的设计需求。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 549, "txt": "作为平面设计师会接触到包括标识（商标和品牌）、出版物（杂志，报纸和书籍等）、平面广告，海报，广告牌，网站图形元素、标志和产品包装等等方面的设计需求。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一般做过三年以上平面的设计师，应该需要具备较好的图形创意、板式设计、视觉表现、品牌设计等方面的专业能力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 550, "txt": "一般做过三年以上平面的设计师，应该需要具备较好的图形创意、板式设计、视觉表现、品牌设计等方面的专业能力。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "很多平面设计师转行 UI 设计相对比较容易，就是他们具备了很好的设计功底。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 551, "txt": "很多平面设计师转行 UI 设计相对比较容易，就是他们具备了很好的设计功底。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那么作为 UI 设计师具备基本的平面设计功底是非常必要的，可以使得自己的设计更加深入稳定，也能将图形设计、插画设计、品牌思维等融入到产品 UI 设计中，加强视觉层面的说服力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 553, "txt": "那么作为 UI 设计师具备基本的平面设计功底是非常必要的，可以使得自己的设计更加深入稳定，也能将图形设计、插画设计、品牌思维等融入到产品 UI 设计中，加强视觉层面的说服力。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/XVM501lQB27f1ZIs3ejfCd.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 181, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/XVM501lQB27f1ZIs3ejfCd.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[20]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1.2、平面设计师专业广度", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 555, "txt": "1.2、平面设计师专业广度", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title4", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "平面设计是沟通传播、风格化和通过文字和图像解决问题的艺术，作为专业的平面设计师需要具备更多的专业广度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 557, "txt": "平面设计是沟通传播、风格化和通过文字和图像解决问题的艺术，作为专业的平面设计师需要具备更多的专业广度。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "除了软件技能操作以外，还需要具备信息处理与排版的能力、图形创意与品牌思维的能力、各种商业传播的视觉表现与处理、字体设计等等方面的能力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 558, "txt": "除了软件技能操作以外，还需要具备信息处理与排版的能力、图形创意与品牌思维的能力、各种商业传播的视觉表现与处理、字体设计等等方面的能力。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以，一个合格的平面设计师至少也得打磨三年以上，俗话说三年入行就是这个理。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 560, "txt": "所以，一个合格的平面设计师至少也得打磨三年以上，俗话说三年入行就是这个理。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[23]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3QRcIb2tLsFR1mK9Dh4dPhwB.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 186, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3QRcIb2tLsFR1mK9Dh4dPhwB.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[24]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1.3、平面设计师职业现状", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 562, "txt": "1.3、平面设计师职业现状", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其实从设计专业广度出发，平面设计师具备的设计能力和职场中解决设计问题的能力都是比较全面的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 564, "txt": "其实从设计专业广度出发，平面设计师具备的设计能力和职场中解决设计问题的能力都是比较全面的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[26]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "由于国内大部分的公司都处于发展期，对于设计师的认知还在逐步提升中，导致平面在公司里面需要完成的设计任务很多（无形中就被认为是杂事一堆啦）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 565, "txt": "由于国内大部分的公司都处于发展期，对于设计师的认知还在逐步提升中，导致平面在公司里面需要完成的设计任务很多（无形中就被认为是杂事一堆啦）。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[26]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "很多公司都只有一两个设计师，给到的设计周期又很少，导致作品基本是赶出来的，质量肯定是比较难以控制的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 567, "txt": "很多公司都只有一两个设计师，给到的设计周期又很少，导致作品基本是赶出来的，质量肯定是比较难以控制的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "除非能够进入一些 4A 公司和具备成熟的设计团队的公司，不然其实平面的待遇还是相对较差的，也有逐步进入管理层的，相对还算可以的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 568, "txt": "除非能够进入一些 4A 公司和具备成熟的设计团队的公司，不然其实平面的待遇还是相对较差的，也有逐步进入管理层的，相对还算可以的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从就业的角度来看，平面设计师找工作还是相对比较容易的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 569, "txt": "从就业的角度来看，平面设计师找工作还是相对比较容易的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1f7SRW22drBL2Ih6xn1H36qg.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 191, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1f7SRW22drBL2Ih6xn1H36qg.png", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[28]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1.4、不可小瞧的设计功底", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 571, "txt": "1.4、不可小瞧的设计功底", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "平面设计师虽然平时工作内容相对比较杂，但是锻炼出来的设计功底还是非常不错的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 573, "txt": "平面设计师虽然平时工作内容相对比较杂，但是锻炼出来的设计功底还是非常不错的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[30]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然大部分设计师初入行业都可能去的是中小型企业，接触的内容比较杂，但是往往这样能够学到更多的职场技能。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 574, "txt": "虽然大部分设计师初入行业都可能去的是中小型企业，接触的内容比较杂，但是往往这样能够学到更多的职场技能。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[30]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "工作就是能够解决更多的问题，中小企业的设计经历可以让我们学到很多，磨练自己的设计功底，为后续的精专方向打下基础。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 576, "txt": "工作就是能够解决更多的问题，中小企业的设计经历可以让我们学到很多，磨练自己的设计功底，为后续的精专方向打下基础。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[31]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2、平面设计师的进阶之路", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 578, "txt": "2、平面设计师的进阶之路", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.1、杂学活用", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 580, "txt": "2.1、杂学活用", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[34]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title4", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "作为平面设计师在职场中，需要不断地扩展自己的专业广度，因为你会遇到很多的设计杂事，之前做平面的时候连老板的 PPT 也是需要设计的 o(╥﹏╥)o 。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 582, "txt": "作为平面设计师在职场中，需要不断地扩展自己的专业广度，因为你会遇到很多的设计杂事，之前做平面的时候连老板的 PPT 也是需要设计的 o(╥﹏╥)o 。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在工作中需要多一份主动，闲余的时间可以思考一下公司的一些设计优化，将你想要的设计感觉逐步去推进，这样以后才能逐步的积累一些不错的设计方案。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 583, "txt": "在工作中需要多一份主动，闲余的时间可以思考一下公司的一些设计优化，将你想要的设计感觉逐步去推进，这样以后才能逐步的积累一些不错的设计方案。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4yoJ4V3TpfXk2Pk2Ba3BWLnL.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 201, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4yoJ4V3TpfXk2Pk2Ba3BWLnL.jpeg", "x": 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"web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在一个阶段时间里面只有研究一个领域的设计，才能有更多精力和时间去进行深入的学习研究。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 589, "txt": "在一个阶段时间里面只有研究一个领域的设计，才能有更多精力和时间去进行深入的学习研究。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[38]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过前期的综合性锻炼打下一定的设计基础，后面如果主攻一个领域的设计也是非常有利的，一切的经历都是专业的基础，从而厚积薄发。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 591, "txt": "通过前期的综合性锻炼打下一定的设计基础，后面如果主攻一个领域的设计也是非常有利的，一切的经历都是专业的基础，从而厚积薄发。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2633Gx1dnRap29KcWP334UQk.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 206, "txt": "<img 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"global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "包装：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 633, "txt": "包装：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[57]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "包装设计制作无论是材质、制作工艺等都非常多，按材料来分类比较常见的有纸质，铁质，木质，布质，皮质，亚克力，瓦楞包装、pvc 等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 634, "txt": "包装设计制作无论是材质、制作工艺等都非常多，按材料来分类比较常见的有纸质，铁质，木质，布质，皮质，亚克力，瓦楞包装、pvc 等。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[57]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们在设计的时候就要先确定好制作材质和工艺，这样才能精确的计算好产品容纳的空间。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 635, "txt": "我们在设计的时候就要先确定好制作材质和工艺，这样才能精确的计算好产品容纳的空间。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[57]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "展示架：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 637, "txt": "展示架：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[58]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在推广活动中是必备的形式之一，成本低廉、存放与携带方便都是其有利的优势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 638, "txt": "在推广活动中是必备的形式之一，成本低廉、存放与携带方便都是其有利的优势。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[58]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其中 X 展架和易拉宝是比较常见的，X 展架相对便宜，稳定性易拉宝相对好些。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 639, "txt": "其中 X 展架和易拉宝是比较常见的，X 展架相对便宜，稳定性易拉宝相对好些。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[58]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "展示架常规尺寸：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 640, "txt": "展示架常规尺寸：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[58]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "60cm160cm 和 80cm180cm。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 641, "txt": "60cm160cm 和 80cm180cm。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[58]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "横幅：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 643, "txt": "横幅：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[59]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "无论是宣传还是组织活动都是较为常见的，大部分材料一般为锦纶牛津布。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 644, "txt": "无论是宣传还是组织活动都是较为常见的，大部分材料一般为锦纶牛津布。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[59]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "为了拍照的时候能够拉得更平整，也有一些会采用写真的形式，而且写真制作时间比较快。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 645, "txt": "为了拍照的时候能够拉得更平整，也有一些会采用写真的形式，而且写真制作时间比较快。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[59]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其他：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 647, "txt": "其他：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[60]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在工作中还有一些常见的印刷品，比如名片、台卡、优惠券、DM 单页、信封、信纸、广告伞等等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 648, "txt": "在工作中还有一些常见的印刷品，比如名片、台卡、优惠券、DM 单页、信封、信纸、广告伞等等。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[60]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们在接到印刷品设计需求的时候可以多问几家供应商，在了解好印刷材质和制作工艺之后再进行设计，这样会更加保证设计的还原度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 649, "txt": "我们在接到印刷品设计需求的时候可以多问几家供应商，在了解好印刷材质和制作工艺之后再进行设计，这样会更加保证设计的还原度。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[60]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2、数码印刷与传统印刷的区别", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 651, "txt": "3.2、数码印刷与传统印刷的区别", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[62]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "数码印刷是近年来印前领域热门技术之一，是一体印刷，直接由电脑输出，在短时间内可以打印出来，但是传统印刷，是需要制版后才能完成印刷。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 653, "txt": "数码印刷是近年来印前领域热门技术之一，是一体印刷，直接由电脑输出，在短时间内可以打印出来，但是传统印刷，是需要制版后才能完成印刷。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "跟传统印刷相比，数码印刷速度快，成本低，可以一张起印，价格也不会太高，对于需求量不大的情况是最佳的选择。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 655, "txt": "跟传统印刷相比，数码印刷速度快，成本低，可以一张起印，价格也不会太高，对于需求量不大的情况是最佳的选择。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[64]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但是如果针对需求量大的批量印刷还是传统印刷比较优惠，因为中间有开机费，制版费，印刷费等等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 656, "txt": "但是如果针对需求量大的批量印刷还是传统印刷比较优惠，因为中间有开机费，制版费，印刷费等等。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[64]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1psB5f1slMzXhOi4vf4wz.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 238, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1psB5f1slMzXhOi4vf4wz.jpeg", 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展架、易拉宝、横幅、台卡、亚克力字、灯箱广告等等都是可以去图文制作店完成的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[68]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "由于店面不是很大，所以一般需求量不大的印刷品比较适合。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 663, "txt": "由于店面不是很大，所以一般需求量不大的印刷品比较适合。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[69]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "大部分的喷绘写真都是在里面制作的，如果遇到大型的喷绘（如舞台背景等）还是会去工厂完成。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 664, "txt": "大部分的喷绘写真都是在里面制作的，如果遇到大型的喷绘（如舞台背景等）还是会去工厂完成。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[69]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一般我们都是就近选择，也会适当的进行比价选择。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 665, "txt": "一般我们都是就近选择，也会适当的进行比价选择。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[69]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "作为公司层面还需要考虑一个因素就是费用结算方式，需要谈好一个合作方式，月结相对比较多。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 666, "txt": "作为公司层面还需要考虑一个因素就是费用结算方式，需要谈好一个合作方式，月结相对比较多。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[69]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/wcuTW1fSUDQ3dXEoUKAugZ.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 243, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/wcuTW1fSUDQ3dXEoUKAugZ.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[70]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 95, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "二、设计", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 668, "txt": "二、设计", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[71]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 96, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "4、基本的美术功底", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 670, "txt": "4、基本的美术功底", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[73]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.1、基本要素", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 672, "txt": "4.1、基本要素", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[74]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "平面设计除了给人视觉上的享受以外，更重要的是向消费者转达一种信息和理念。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 674, "txt": "平面设计除了给人视觉上的享受以外，更重要的是向消费者转达一种信息和理念。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[75]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 99, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，平面设计不仅是视觉表层的美观度，更重要的是信息的传达。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 675, "txt": "因此，平面设计不仅是视觉表层的美观度，更重要的是信息的传达。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[75]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 99, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "平面设计主要由以下几个基本要素构成：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 677, "txt": "平面设计主要由以下几个基本要素构成：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[76]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 100, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "创意：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 679, "txt": "创意：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[77]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 101, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "是平面设计的第一要素，没有好的创意，就没有好的作品，创意中要考虑观众、传播媒体、文化背景三个条件。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 680, "txt": "是平面设计的第一要素，没有好的创意，就没有好的作品，创意中要考虑观众、传播媒体、文化背景三个条件。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[77]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 101, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "构图：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 682, "txt": "构图：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[78]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 102, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "构图就是要解决图形、色彩和文字三者之间的空间关系，做到新颖，合理和统一。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 683, "txt": "构图就是要解决图形、色彩和文字三者之间的空间关系，做到新颖，合理和统一。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[78]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 102, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "色彩：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 685, "txt": "色彩：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[79]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "好的平面设计作品在画面色彩的运用上注意调和、对比、平衡、节奏与韵律。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 686, "txt": "好的平面设计作品在画面色彩的运用上注意调和、对比、平衡、节奏与韵律。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[79]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "平面设计都是由这些要素通过巧妙的安排、配置、组合而成的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 688, "txt": "平面设计都是由这些要素通过巧妙的安排、配置、组合而成的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[80]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 104, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4ohBes2UVD8B3sdhv92VpGIb.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 256, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4ohBes2UVD8B3sdhv92VpGIb.jpeg", 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"对比：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 700, "txt": "对比：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[86]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 110, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过元素之间的大小、配色深浅等对比，使信息传达更高效，主体更加鲜明、作品更加活跃；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 701, "txt": "通过元素之间的大小、配色深浅等对比，使信息传达更高效，主体更加鲜明、作品更加活跃；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[86]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 110, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对称：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 703, "txt": "对称：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[87]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 111, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过左右图形完全相等形成对称图，中国传统图案、建筑、服饰等都具备对称性，构图相对稳定；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 704, "txt": "通过左右图形完全相等形成对称图，中国传统图案、建筑、服饰等都具备对称性，构图相对稳定；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[87]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 111, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "平衡：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 706, "txt": "平衡：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[88]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在平面设计中指的是根据图像的形量、大小、轻重、色彩和材质的分布作用与视觉判断上的平衡；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 707, "txt": "在平面设计中指的是根据图像的形量、大小、轻重、色彩和材质的分布作用与视觉判断上的平衡；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[88]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比例：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 709, "txt": "比例：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[89]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 113, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "部分与部分，或部分与全体之间的数量关系形成元素之间的比例，通过比例值来形成设计的节奏感；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 710, "txt": "部分与部分，或部分与全体之间的数量关系形成元素之间的比例，通过比例值来形成设计的节奏感；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[89]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 113, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "重心：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 712, "txt": "重心：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[90]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 114, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "画面图像的轮廓变化，图形的聚散，色彩或明暗的分布都可对视觉重心产生影响，我们需要根据视觉协调来判断重心的偏移；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 713, "txt": "画面图像的轮廓变化，图形的聚散，色彩或明暗的分布都可对视觉重心产生影响，我们需要根据视觉协调来判断重心的偏移；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[90]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 114, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "节奏：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 715, "txt": "节奏：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[91]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 115, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "节奏是一种规律性的重复，用反复、对应等形式把各种变化因素加以组织，构成前后连贯的有序整体，即节奏；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 716, "txt": "节奏是一种规律性的重复，用反复、对应等形式把各种变化因素加以组织，构成前后连贯的有序整体，即节奏；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[91]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 115, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "韵律：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 718, "txt": "韵律：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[92]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 116, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "画面中单纯的元素组合过于单调，通过元素的对比等形成节奏而产生犹如音乐的旋律感，成为韵律。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 719, "txt": "画面中单纯的元素组合过于单调，通过元素的对比等形成节奏而产生犹如音乐的旋律感，成为韵律。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[92]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 116, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.3、三大构成", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 721, "txt": "4.3、三大构成", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[94]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title3", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所谓“构成”是一种造型概念，将不同形态的多个单元重组构成一个新的单元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 723, "txt": "所谓“构成”是一种造型概念，将不同形态的多个单元重组构成一个新的单元。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[95]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "三大构成指的是平面构成、色彩构成、立体构成。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 724, "txt": "三大构成指的是平面构成、色彩构成、立体构成。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[95]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "想要做好平面设计，好的美术基础打底是必须的，其次便是三大构成的学习，这是最基本的先决条件。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 725, "txt": "想要做好平面设计，好的美术基础打底是必须的，其次便是三大构成的学习，这是最基本的先决条件。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[95]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "平面构成主要探索二维空间的视觉规律、形象的建立、骨格的组织、各种元素的构成规律等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 727, "txt": "平面构成主要探索二维空间的视觉规律、形象的建立、骨格的组织、各种元素的构成规律等。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[96]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 119, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "色彩构成是根据人们长期形成的色感而产生的一种思维定势，不同颜色的搭配，能够给人不同的心理感受，而色彩构成就是将这些思维定势总结出来，运用到后期的设计作品中。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 729, "txt": "色彩构成是根据人们长期形成的色感而产生的一种思维定势，不同颜色的搭配，能够给人不同的心理感受，而色彩构成就是将这些思维定势总结出来，运用到后期的设计作品中。", 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"透视基础无论在平面设计还是其他设计中也是非常重要的，我们在设计中会利用元素的大小、色彩的变化、造型的扭曲、虚实关系等来让画面具备一定的透视感觉，形成空间感。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 738, "txt": "透视基础无论在平面设计还是其他设计中也是非常重要的，我们在设计中会利用元素的大小、色彩的变化、造型的扭曲、虚实关系等来让画面具备一定的透视感觉，形成空间感。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[102]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 125, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2DtRxB3uXR893Z1oFF3VEnxG.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 281, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2DtRxB3uXR893Z1oFF3VEnxG.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[103]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 126, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "4.5、造型能力", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 740, "txt": "4.5、造型能力", "x": 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"position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 745, "txt": "形象创作能力需要设计师先具备形象塑造能力，在创作过程中对形象的完整性、识别性和艺术美感进行充分的掌握与再造，创作出全新的一个形象。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[106]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 129, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个对于设计师来说相对比较难，需要有一定的美术功底和设计功底，还需要大量的实战经验。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 746, "txt": "这个对于设计师来说相对比较难，需要有一定的美术功底和设计功底，还需要大量的实战经验。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[106]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 129, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "造型能力的掌握是对平面设计师最基本的要求，这样才能原创出更多的图形元素，形成富有创意的作品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 748, "txt": "造型能力的掌握是对平面设计师最基本的要求，这样才能原创出更多的图形元素，形成富有创意的作品。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[107]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 130, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img 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"web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 175, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比较常见的板式类型有骨格型、满版型、上下分割型、左右分割型、中轴型、曲线型、倾斜型、对称型、重心型、三角型、并置型、自由型和四角型等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 753, "txt": "比较常见的板式类型有骨格型、满版型、上下分割型、左右分割型、中轴型、曲线型、倾斜型、对称型、重心型、三角型、并置型、自由型和四角型等。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[110]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 176, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "关于板式设计大家可以经常看一些杂志期刊，从中应该会学到很多排版技巧，这里也推荐大家几本关于板式设计的书籍，仅供参考：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 755, "txt": "关于板式设计大家可以经常看一些杂志期刊，从中应该会学到很多排版技巧，这里也推荐大家几本关于板式设计的书籍，仅供参考：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[111]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 177, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "《进阶理解版式设计》、《设计的教室》、《平面设计中的网格系统》、《设计师的设计日记》等等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 756, "txt": "《进阶理解版式设计》、《设计的教室》、《平面设计中的网格系统》、《设计师的设计日记》等等。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[111]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 178, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "元素与元素之间必然存在某种关联，我们在设计的时候需要找到这种关联因素。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 758, "txt": "元素与元素之间必然存在某种关联，我们在设计的时候需要找到这种关联因素。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[112]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们在排版的时候需要掌握的就是如何让信息与配图进行组合，来有效的传达信息的视觉流。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 759, "txt": "我们在排版的时候需要掌握的就是如何让信息与配图进行组合，来有效的传达信息的视觉流。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[112]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4.7、图形创意", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 761, "txt": "4.7、图形创意", "x": 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"position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 766, "txt": "图形创意比较常用的形式有联想、比拟法、同构图形（共生同构、异影同构、换置同构）、正负形、无理图形等等。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[116]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 138, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "作为设计师脑洞的训练是非常重要的，都说创意来源于生活，但是很多设计师往往会不以为然。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 768, "txt": "作为设计师脑洞的训练是非常重要的，都说创意来源于生活，但是很多设计师往往会不以为然。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[117]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 139, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "创意是对大脑中的碎片化映像进行二次重组，如果你没有所见所得所感，那么注定脑海是一片空白。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 769, "txt": "创意是对大脑中的碎片化映像进行二次重组，如果你没有所见所得所感，那么注定脑海是一片空白。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[117]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 139, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img 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"global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "作为平面设计会经常需要在画面中进行商业插画或者图形的设计，一些刚入职场的设计师总是会选择以素材来替代。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 774, "txt": "作为平面设计会经常需要在画面中进行商业插画或者图形的设计，一些刚入职场的设计师总是会选择以素材来替代。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[120]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 142, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但是，由于版权意识也在逐步受到重视，素材的滥用可能会给公司和产品带来不必要的麻烦，以后对于设计师的手绘功底、专业执行力、创造力等会越来越重视。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 775, "txt": "但是，由于版权意识也在逐步受到重视，素材的滥用可能会给公司和产品带来不必要的麻烦，以后对于设计师的手绘功底、专业执行力、创造力等会越来越重视。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[120]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 142, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "插画以后会大量地运用到出版物、商业宣传、装饰画、影视多媒体、游戏设计和自由创作类等场景，在平面设计领域，我们接触最多的是文学插图与商业插画，这些都是需要设计师具备更好的美术功底和手绘能力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 777, "txt": "插画以后会大量地运用到出版物、商业宣传、装饰画、影视多媒体、游戏设计和自由创作类等场景，在平面设计领域，我们接触最多的是文学插图与商业插画，这些都是需要设计师具备更好的美术功底和手绘能力。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[121]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 143, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，你需要动起手来啦！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 778, "txt": "因此，你需要动起手来啦！", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[121]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 143, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "手绘的提升需要多练，即使你知道软件操作技巧和表现形式，但是对于画面的掌控和熟练度依然是需要反复磨练的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 780, "txt": "手绘的提升需要多练，即使你知道软件操作技巧和表现形式，但是对于画面的掌控和熟练度依然是需要反复磨练的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[122]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 144, "global_sentence_id": 194, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "要给自己设定一些由浅入深的目标，比如从简单的线性插画开始到后面的肌理纹理的运用，从临摹开始到半原创，再到原创。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 781, "txt": "要给自己设定一些由浅入深的目标，比如从简单的线性插画开始到后面的肌理纹理的运用，从临摹开始到半原创，再到原创。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[122]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 144, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "手绘并非是科班生的专宠，动起手来你依然可以。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 782, "txt": "手绘并非是科班生的专宠，动起手来你依然可以。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[122]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 144, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/8tfji33d0G32nNieJ4tVjSM.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 305, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/8tfji33d0G32nNieJ4tVjSM.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[123]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 145, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "5、设计前的场景分析", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 784, "txt": "5、设计前的场景分析", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[124]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 146, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在设计项目之前的场景分析是非常重要的，特别是线下活动相关的物料设计，如果设计上面有误差而不能与现场条件进行匹配，那么容易使得整体效果有所差别。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 786, "txt": "在设计项目之前的场景分析是非常重要的，特别是线下活动相关的物料设计，如果设计上面有误差而不能与现场条件进行匹配，那么容易使得整体效果有所差别。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[125]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 147, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "案例 01：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 788, "txt": "案例 01：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[126]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 148, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在设计活动背景板的时候，除了精确测量现场制作尺寸以外，也要考虑使用场景。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 789, "txt": "在设计活动背景板的时候，除了精确测量现场制作尺寸以外，也要考虑使用场景。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[126]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 148, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果是舞台背景使用，就要考虑主持人、嘉宾、演员等的人物高度值，因为他们会遮挡住画面中关键信息的呈现。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 790, "txt": "如果是舞台背景使用，就要考虑主持人、嘉宾、演员等的人物高度值，因为他们会遮挡住画面中关键信息的呈现。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[126]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 148, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，我们在设计的时候就需要考虑这个因素而绕开重要信息的布局位置。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 791, "txt": "因此，我们在设计的时候就需要考虑这个因素而绕开重要信息的布局位置。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[126]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 148, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "案例 02：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 793, "txt": "案例 02：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[127]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 149, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如一个舞台以展架作为背景画面的展示形式，那么我们设计的时候就不能只是以展架搭建出来的尺寸为准。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 794, "txt": "比如一个舞台以展架作为背景画面的展示形式，那么我们设计的时候就不能只是以展架搭建出来的尺寸为准。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[127]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 149, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通常会比测量尺寸大一点，以免出现白色画布的露出，影响整体画面的效果。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 795, "txt": "通常会比测量尺寸大一点，以免出现白色画布的露出，影响整体画面的效果。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[127]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 149, "global_sentence_id": 206, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "案例 03：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 797, "txt": "案例 03：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[128]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 150, "global_sentence_id": 207, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们在设计印刷物料的时候，需要考虑裁切的误差，毕竟大批量的印刷不可能是一张张裁切的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 798, "txt": "我们在设计印刷物料的时候，需要考虑裁切的误差，毕竟大批量的印刷不可能是一张张裁切的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[128]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 150, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "也就是我们所谓的出血线（让印刷画面超出的那条线），出血线外面的位置就是要被裁掉的地方。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 799, "txt": "也就是我们所谓的出血线（让印刷画面超出的那条线），出血线外面的位置就是要被裁掉的地方。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[128]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 150, "global_sentence_id": 209, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "案例 04：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 801, "txt": "案例 04：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[129]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 151, "global_sentence_id": 210, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果是一场户外的活动需要展架，我们在设计的时候需要确定好展架的材质。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 802, "txt": "如果是一场户外的活动需要展架，我们在设计的时候需要确定好展架的材质。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[129]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 151, "global_sentence_id": 211, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因为户外是有风的影响这个因素的，如果材质很轻就无法抵挡，需要采用能够固定在地面或者重量足够抵挡一般横风的材质。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 803, "txt": "因为户外是有风的影响这个因素的，如果材质很轻就无法抵挡，需要采用能够固定在地面或者重量足够抵挡一般横风的材质。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[129]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 151, "global_sentence_id": 212, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "案例就不一一列举，希望通过简单的几个案例，让大家知道设计前的场景分析在设计中的重要程度，让你的每一个设计都符合真实场景的设计需求。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 805, "txt": "案例就不一一列举，希望通过简单的几个案例，让大家知道设计前的场景分析在设计中的重要程度，让你的每一个设计都符合真实场景的设计需求。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[130]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 152, "global_sentence_id": 213, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "6、灵感积累的重要性", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 807, "txt": "6、灵感积累的重要性", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[132]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 153, "global_sentence_id": 214, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "无论做什么工作，职业习惯是非常重要的，作为设计师来说，养成良好的设计职场习惯也是至关重要。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 809, "txt": "无论做什么工作，职业习惯是非常重要的，作为设计师来说，养成良好的设计职场习惯也是至关重要。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[133]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 154, "global_sentence_id": 215, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所谓的灵感积累就是日常对于优秀设计作品的采集与分类能力，去吸收优秀的设计作品，分析与发现作品背后的设计轨迹，这样才能不断地武装自己的创意脑海。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 810, "txt": "所谓的灵感积累就是日常对于优秀设计作品的采集与分类能力，去吸收优秀的设计作品，分析与发现作品背后的设计轨迹，这样才能不断地武装自己的创意脑海。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[133]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 154, "global_sentence_id": 216, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "并不是接到项目，需要灵感的时候才去寻找，而是养成日常灵感积累与分类的习惯。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 812, "txt": "并不是接到项目，需要灵感的时候才去寻找，而是养成日常灵感积累与分类的习惯。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[134]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 155, "global_sentence_id": 217, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然做平面设计，但是你的关注点并非仅仅如此，全面的设计认知将会使得你的脑洞更加灵活，不断地创作出更好的作品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 813, "txt": "虽然做平面设计，但是你的关注点并非仅仅如此，全面的设计认知将会使得你的脑洞更加灵活，不断地创作出更好的作品。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[134]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 155, "global_sentence_id": 218, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/444cti2gotQS2R7Mgm2RTlLK.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 319, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/444cti2gotQS2R7Mgm2RTlLK.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[135]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 156, "global_sentence_id": 219, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "7、素材的利与弊", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 815, "txt": "7、素材的利与弊", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[136]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 157, "global_sentence_id": 220, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于很多初入职场的设计师，会过于依赖素材的运用，虽然素材可以变相地提高工作效率，但是却会使得设计师养成一个过于依赖的习惯。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 817, "txt": "对于很多初入职场的设计师，会过于依赖素材的运用，虽然素材可以变相地提高工作效率，但是却会使得设计师养成一个过于依赖的习惯。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[137]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 158, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "素材的运用会降低设计师的设计动手能力，一旦遇到要求较高的项目就会难以执行。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 818, "txt": "素材的运用会降低设计师的设计动手能力，一旦遇到要求较高的项目就会难以执行。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[137]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 158, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以，在面对素材上面通常都是利弊交加的，我们需要谨慎对待，千万不要过于依赖而降低自己的动手能力，要具备自己创造素材的能力，对于看到的视觉效果要能知道实现的原理和运用的技法。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 820, "txt": "所以，在面对素材上面通常都是利弊交加的，我们需要谨慎对待，千万不要过于依赖而降低自己的动手能力，要具备自己创造素材的能力，对于看到的视觉效果要能知道实现的原理和运用的技法。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[138]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 159, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "8、日常自创素材的重要性", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 822, "txt": "8、日常自创素材的重要性", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[140]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 160, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "面对前面一个素材利弊的问题，我们引出关于日常自创素材的话题，虽然对于很多初入职场的设计师来说，自创素材需要更多的时间和精力，也不能很好地达到想要的效果。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 824, "txt": "面对前面一个素材利弊的问题，我们引出关于日常自创素材的话题，虽然对于很多初入职场的设计师来说，自创素材需要更多的时间和精力，也不能很好地达到想要的效果。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[141]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 161, "global_sentence_id": 225, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但是这个创作素材的过程不仅可以锻炼对于软件技法层面的熟练度，也能养成动手设计的习惯。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 825, "txt": "但是这个创作素材的过程不仅可以锻炼对于软件技法层面的熟练度，也能养成动手设计的习惯。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[141]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 161, "global_sentence_id": 226, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过自己原创出来的素材不仅用得放心（无需考虑版权问题），也能积累属于自己的素材库，这将会使你进阶设计更快一步。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 827, "txt": "通过自己原创出来的素材不仅用得放心（无需考虑版权问题），也能积累属于自己的素材库，这将会使你进阶设计更快一步。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[142]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 162, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3ggsEX4uxMTBDDXFY33v9ay.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 329, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3ggsEX4uxMTBDDXFY33v9ay.png", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[143]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 163, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "三、对接", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 829, "txt": "三、对接", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[144]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 164, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "9、印刷前", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 831, "txt": "9、印刷前", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[146]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 165, "global_sentence_id": 230, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "设计稿做得再好如果印刷出现问题，也是等于无用功一场。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 833, "txt": "设计稿做得再好如果印刷出现问题，也是等于无用功一场。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[147]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 166, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在提交印刷之前我们需要经过一轮排查，因为印刷一旦开始，就算中途停止也是会浪费很多成本（财务成本、时间成本等）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 834, "txt": "在提交印刷之前我们需要经过一轮排查，因为印刷一旦开始，就算中途停止也是会浪费很多成本（财务成本、时间成本等）。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[147]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 166, "global_sentence_id": 232, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "提交印刷前我们需要注意哪些事项：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 836, "txt": "提交印刷前我们需要注意哪些事项：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[148]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 167, "global_sentence_id": 233, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "a.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 838, "txt": "a.", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[149]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 168, "global_sentence_id": 234, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 印刷成品尺寸与设计尺寸比对，需要考虑好出血大小，不管什么印刷都得做出血，保证 3mm 以上；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 839, "txt": " 印刷成品尺寸与设计尺寸比对，需要考虑好出血大小，不管什么印刷都得做出血，保证 3mm 以上；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[149]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 168, "global_sentence_id": 235, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "b.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 841, "txt": "b.", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[150]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 169, "global_sentence_id": 236, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 色彩模式的排查，大批量的印刷需要 cmyk 模式，虽然 rgb 打样是漂亮，但印刷出来就差了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 842, "txt": " 色彩模式的排查，大批量的印刷需要 cmyk 模式，虽然 rgb 打样是漂亮，但印刷出来就差了。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[150]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 169, "global_sentence_id": 237, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果是少量的数码印刷相对比较好些，提交印刷稿之前最好和印刷公司沟通一下；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 843, "txt": "如果是少量的数码印刷相对比较好些，提交印刷稿之前最好和印刷公司沟通一下；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[150]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 169, "global_sentence_id": 238, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "c. 印刷文件排查三部曲，首先是文件是否存在隐藏元素；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 845, "txt": "c. 印刷文件排查三部曲，首先是文件是否存在隐藏元素；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[151]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 170, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其次是元素是否有被锁定；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 846, "txt": "其次是元素是否有被锁定；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[151]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 170, "global_sentence_id": 240, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "最后是文字是否转曲，转曲文字是否有出现封闭部分被填充等；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 847, "txt": "最后是文字是否转曲，转曲文字是否有出现封闭部分被填充等；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[151]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 170, "global_sentence_id": 241, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "d. 运用的设计软件不同，对于图片的嵌入方式也不同，我们要根据自己运用的软件进行检查，看看图片是否都嵌入到设计文件中，如果没有嵌入可能会出现图片丢失的情况；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 849, "txt": "d. 运用的设计软件不同，对于图片的嵌入方式也不同，我们要根据自己运用的软件进行检查，看看图片是否都嵌入到设计文件中，如果没有嵌入可能会出现图片丢失的情况；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[152]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 171, "global_sentence_id": 242, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "e. 主意软件版本问题，作为设计师可能习惯性地经常更新最新版的设计软件，但是对于一些印刷厂来说可能还处于老版本状态，提交文件的时候尽量选择相对较低的版本格式，以防对方打不开或者打开有文件丢失的情况；", "language": "chinese", 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"global_sentence_id": 245, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2EjnqD2qqBc22tXQvE2sLHOa.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 344, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2EjnqD2qqBc22tXQvE2sLHOa.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[156]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 175, "global_sentence_id": 246, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "10、印刷中", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 857, "txt": "10、印刷中", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[157]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 176, "global_sentence_id": 247, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对比印刷前来说，印刷过程中相对会比较好把控一点，只是中间会有一次看样的过程，这个过程是至关重要的，其余就是关于印刷周期的跟进与反馈。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 859, "txt": "对比印刷前来说，印刷过程中相对会比较好把控一点，只是中间会有一次看样的过程，这个过程是至关重要的，其余就是关于印刷周期的跟进与反馈。", "x": 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"x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[159]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 178, "global_sentence_id": 251, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在工作中，拿到实样之后，先自己对信息板式等进行走查，没有问题之后再提交给领导进行最终确认，一般是需要领导签字确认之后才进入大批量印刷，但是给他们签字之前作为设计师是要先签字确认的，这也是责任制落实。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 865, "txt": "在工作中，拿到实样之后，先自己对信息板式等进行走查，没有问题之后再提交给领导进行最终确认，一般是需要领导签字确认之后才进入大批量印刷，但是给他们签字之前作为设计师是要先签字确认的，这也是责任制落实。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[160]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 179, "global_sentence_id": 252, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "进入印刷以后要明确交付的时间节点，有时候一些印刷厂为了节省成本，会故意延迟一点时间找到更多的客户进行拼版印刷。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 867, "txt": "进入印刷以后要明确交付的时间节点，有时候一些印刷厂为了节省成本，会故意延迟一点时间找到更多的客户进行拼版印刷。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[161]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 180, "global_sentence_id": 253, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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"label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 182, "global_sentence_id": 256, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "到达印刷交付这个环节基本整个印刷跟进也算完成了，只差最后的验收环节了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 872, "txt": "到达印刷交付这个环节基本整个印刷跟进也算完成了，只差最后的验收环节了。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[164]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 183, "global_sentence_id": 257, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "验收也是非常重要的，毕竟花了钱肯定要得到应有的质量和服务。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 873, "txt": "验收也是非常重要的，毕竟花了钱肯定要得到应有的质量和服务。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[164]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 183, "global_sentence_id": 258, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不过对于现在很多公司来说，服务质量都在不断地上升，毕竟竞争环境还是很大的，没有好的服务和质量肯定会越来越丢失客户圈。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 874, "txt": "不过对于现在很多公司来说，服务质量都在不断地上升，毕竟竞争环境还是很大的，没有好的服务和质量肯定会越来越丢失客户圈。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/p[164]"}]}, "tags": [], 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take forever to finish the project.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Also, not all rabbit holes are worth digging.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1053, "txt": " Also, not all rabbit holes are worth digging.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Since this is an interesting topic but rarely mentioned, I would bring up a bit of my thought process on my decision going down each rabbit hole.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1054, "txt": " Since this is an interesting topic but rarely mentioned, I would bring up a bit of my thought process on my decision going down each rabbit hole.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Before that, let’s see the chain of rabbit holes I was digging in the past week:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1055, "txt": " Before that, let’s see the chain of rabbit holes I was digging in the past week:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img img", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 89, "txt": "<img img", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/figure[4]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Diagram illustrating the chain of rabbit holes I encountered while setting up Nvidia GPU support on my Kubernetes cluster.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1057, "txt": "Diagram illustrating the chain of rabbit 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"IOS"}, {"txt": " NixOS generates configuration files in the /etc folder as read-only files with symbolic links to the actual config files in the /nix/store folder.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1164, "txt": " NixOS generates configuration files in the ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[11]"}, {"position_id": 1166, "txt": "/etc", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[11]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 1168, "txt": " folder as read-only files with symbolic links to the actual config files in the ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[11]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 1170, "txt": "/nix/store", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[11]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 1172, "txt": " folder.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[11]/code[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img img", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 148, "txt": "<img img", 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Many people don’t understand software engineering, so I have said countless times that reading code is way harder than writing code.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1933, "txt": " Many people don’t understand software engineering, so I have said countless times that reading code is way harder than writing code.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[36]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In the era of AI, generating code makes it even harder to read.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1934, "txt": " In the era of AI, generating code makes it even harder to read.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[36]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " And reading source code upstream is critical for solving hard problems.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": 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the instructions to install the required dependencies.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1955, "txt": " You need to read the instructions to install the required dependencies.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[38]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Sometimes, there are very specific versions of those dependencies or build environments you need to get.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1956, "txt": " Sometimes, there are very specific versions of those dependencies or build environments you need to get.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[38]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Very often, it could take hours or even a few days just to get a project to build, depending on how complex the project is.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1957, "txt": " Very often, it could take hours or even a few days just to get a project to build, depending on how complex the project is.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[38]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "I wish there was a tool to help me hack the source code of any open-source projects and build them quickly with my code changes so I could try things out quickly.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1959, "txt": "I wish there was a tool to help me hack the source code of any open-source projects and build them quickly with my code changes so I could try things out quickly.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Then I realized, okay, why not just build one myself?", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1960, "txt": " Then I realized, okay, why not just build one myself?", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Obviously, this is yet another rabbit hole to dig from the original one.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1961, "txt": " Obviously, this is yet another rabbit hole to dig from the original one.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 194, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " But if it works, this could be super useful down the road.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1962, "txt": " But if it works, this could be super useful down the road.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Considering the potential productivity gains and the leverage this tool could have.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1963, "txt": " Considering the potential productivity gains and the leverage this tool could have.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I’ve decided to context-switch to digging this rabbit hole shortly.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1964, "txt": " I’ve decided to context-switch to digging this rabbit hole shortly.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "I love NixOS and Nixpkgs because they’re a build tree containing almost all major open-source software, from the Linux kernel to a utils command-line tool.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1966, "txt": "I love NixOS and Nixpkgs because they’re a build tree containing almost all major open-source software, from the Linux kernel to a utils command-line tool.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[40]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " As far as I know, nothing else like this allows you to build the whole system from end to end under the same framework.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1967, "txt": " As far as I know, nothing else like this allows you to build the whole system from end to end under the same framework.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[40]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Thanks to the nature of this tool, it has the building scripts ready in Nix for all the projects I want to look into, including the nvidia-container-toolkit and libnvidia-container.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1968, "txt": " Thanks to the nature of this tool, it has the building scripts ready in Nix for all the projects I want to look into, including the ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[40]"}, {"position_id": 1970, "txt": "nvidia-container-toolkit", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[40]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 1972, "txt": " and ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[40]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 1974, "txt": "libnvidia-container", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[40]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 1976, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[40]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since each Nixpkgs package is just the artifact of yet another Nix’s derivation, which describes how to build the project and all its dependencies in a pure data format (ATerm), I should be able to extract the source code from it.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1978, "txt": "Since each Nixpkgs package is just the artifact of yet another ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[41]"}, {"position_id": 1980, "txt": "Nix’s derivation", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[41]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 1982, "txt": ", which describes how to build the project and all its dependencies in a ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[41]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 1984, "txt": "pure data format (ATerm)", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[41]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 1986, "txt": ", I should be able to extract the source code from it.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[41]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " With that in mind, I quickly built a prototype to try out, which I called nix-playground.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1987, "txt": " With that in mind, I quickly built a prototype to try out, which I called ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[41]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 1989, "txt": "nix-playground", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[41]/a[3]"}, {"position_id": 1991, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[41]/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " And yes, I open-sourced it under the MIT license.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1992, "txt": " And yes, I open-sourced it under the MIT license.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[41]/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " You can use it as a playground to easily play around and patch any open-source project.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1993, "txt": " You can use it as a playground to easily play around and patch any open-source project.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[41]/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Here’s some example:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1994, "txt": " Here’s some example:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[41]/a[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "# checkout libnvidia-container package source code locallynp checkout nixpkgs#libnvidia-container# modify the codevim checkout/src/cli/main.c# build the package with changes you made in the checkout folder and try it outnp build# output the patch for applying on the production environmentsnp patch > bugfix.patch# clean up the generated filesnp clean", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1996, "txt": "# checkout libnvidia-container package source code locally", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[9]/div/pre/code/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1998, "txt": "\nnp checkout nixpkgs#libnvidia-container\n\n", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[9]/div/pre/code/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2000, "txt": "# modify the code", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[9]/div/pre/code/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2002, "txt": "\nvim checkout/src/cli/main.c\n\n", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[9]/div/pre/code/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2004, "txt": "# build the package with changes you made in the checkout folder and try it out", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[9]/div/pre/code/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2006, "txt": "\nnp build\n\n", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[9]/div/pre/code/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2008, "txt": "# output the patch for applying on the production environments", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[9]/div/pre/code/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2010, "txt": "\nnp patch ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[9]/div/pre/code/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2012, "txt": ">", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[9]/div/pre/code/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 2014, "txt": " bugfix.patch\n\n", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[9]/div/pre/code/span[5]"}, {"position_id": 2016, "txt": "# clean up the generated files", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[9]/div/pre/code/span[6]"}, {"position_id": 2018, "txt": "\nnp clean\n", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[9]/div/pre/code/span[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 206, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "I spent two days fixing some corner cases on this open-source project.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2020, "txt": "I spent two days fixing some corner cases on this open-source project.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[42]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 207, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " It now works great!", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2021, "txt": " It now works great!", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[42]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I have the best shovel for digging the k8s-device-plugin crashing bug.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2022, "txt": " I have the best shovel for digging the k8s-device-plugin crashing bug.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[42]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 209, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " It’s time to go back and dig the previous rabbit hole!", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2023, "txt": " It’s time to go back and dig the previous rabbit hole!", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[42]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 210, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Hunting the k8s-device-plugin crashing bug", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2025, "txt": "Hunting the k8s-device-plugin crashing bug", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/h2[5]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 211, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "One problem I faced when debugging the k8s-device-plugin crashing issue was that I didn’t know how it worked in detail.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2027, "txt": "One problem I faced when debugging the k8s-device-plugin crashing issue was that I didn’t know how it worked in detail.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 212, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " So, I inserted many log writing lines into the code to see how it worked.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2028, "txt": " So, I inserted many log writing lines into the code to see how it worked.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 213, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Some may say hey, you can use a debugger.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2029, "txt": " Some may say hey, you can use a debugger.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 214, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Well, yeah, I know, but very often, it’s also very tedious to set up a debugger.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2030, "txt": " Well, yeah, I know, but very often, it’s also very tedious to set up a debugger.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 215, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I would use it if it comes in handy; otherwise, I would just insert logs.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2031, "txt": " I would use it if it comes in handy; otherwise, I would just insert logs.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 216, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "I have been using Grok 3 for a while since its launch.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2033, "txt": "I have been using ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[44]"}, {"position_id": 2035, "txt": "Grok 3", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[44]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 2037, "txt": " for a while since its launch.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[44]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 217, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I really enjoy it.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2038, "txt": " I really enjoy it.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[44]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 218, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Sometimes, it provides made-up or wrong results but still very often provides sound analytics.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2039, "txt": " Sometimes, it provides made-up or wrong results but still very often provides sound analytics.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[44]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 219, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I never intend to rely on it fully.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2040, "txt": " I never intend to rely on it fully.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[44]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 220, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I take it as more like riding a bike.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2041, "txt": " I take it as more like riding a bike.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[44]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I am still the one who rides the bike, not the bike riding me.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2042, "txt": " I am still the one who rides the bike, not the bike riding me.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[44]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The code it generates still can’t always meet my standards.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2043, "txt": " The code it generates still can’t always meet my standards.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[44]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " When I jumped into debugging the Nvidia stuff, I quickly realized, well, despite that, I don’t trust the quality of the generated code from AI models, but if it’s throw-away code, it doesn’t matter.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2044, "txt": " When I jumped into debugging the Nvidia stuff, I quickly realized, well, despite that, I don’t trust the quality of the generated code from AI models, but if it’s throw-away code, it doesn’t matter.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[44]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I don’t care about the quality as long as it works.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2045, "txt": " I don’t care about the quality as long as it works.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[44]/a[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 225, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Therefore, I asked Grok 3 to help me insert log entries into the source code I pasted from Nvidia’s GitHub repository, and it did a wonderful job.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2046, "txt": " Therefore, I ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[44]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 2048, "txt": "asked Grok 3 to help me insert log entries into the source code I pasted", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[44]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 2050, "txt": " from Nvidia’s GitHub repository, and it did a wonderful job.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[44]/a[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 226, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thanks to Grok 3, I no longer have to manually write log entries for debugging purposes and can instead focus on solving the actual problem.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2052, "txt": "Thanks to 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"web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 333, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "sudo enterns -t <CONTAINER_PID> -a /bin/sh", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2258, "txt": "sudo ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[13]/div/pre/code/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2260, "txt": "enterns ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[13]/div/pre/code/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2262, "txt": "-t", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[13]/div/pre/code/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2264, "txt": " <CONTAINER_PID> ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[13]/div/pre/code/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2266, "txt": "-a", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[13]/div/pre/code/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2268, "txt": " /bin/sh\n", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[13]/div/pre/code/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 334, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Next, I ran the ldconfig command, which is supposed to run with the -p argument to see the current ldconfig cache.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2270, "txt": "Next, I ran the ldconfig command, which is supposed to run with the ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[50]"}, {"position_id": 2272, "txt": "-p", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[50]/code"}, {"position_id": 2274, "txt": " argument to see the current ldconfig cache.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[50]/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 335, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$ ldconfig -p131 libs found in cache `/etc/ld.so.cache' ( ... omit ...) libc.so.6 (libc6,x86-64, OS ABI:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2276, "txt": "$ ldconfig -p\n131 libs found in cache `/etc/ld.so.cache'\n ( ... omit ...)\n libc.so.6 (libc6,x86-64, OS ABI:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[14]/div/pre/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 336, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Linux 3.2.0) => /lib64/libc.so.6 ( ... omit ...)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2277, "txt": " Linux 3.2.0) => /lib64/libc.so.6\n ( ... omit ...)", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[14]/div/pre/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 337, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Cache generated by:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2278, "txt": "\nCache generated by:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[14]/div/pre/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 338, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " ldconfig (GNU libc) stable release version 2.34", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2279, "txt": " ldconfig (GNU libc) stable release version 2.34\n", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[14]/div/pre/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 339, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Then, run the ldconfig without -p again to update cache and then with -p again to see the current cache:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2281, "txt": "Then, run the ldconfig without ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[51]"}, {"position_id": 2283, "txt": "-p", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[51]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2285, "txt": " again to update cache and then with ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[51]/code[1]"}, {"position_id": 2287, "txt": "-p", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[51]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 2289, "txt": " again to see the current cache:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[51]/code[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 340, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$ ldconfig -r /home/fangpen/.local/share/containers/storage/overlay/3e2b7a6d05ca228fafe39b47a19952d4b81a9c413618c66a7013d794e4db3d96/merged -C /etc/ld.so.cache -f /etc/ld.so.conf -p64 libs found in cache `/etc/ld.so.cache' ( ... omit ...) libc.so.6 (libc6,x86-64) => /nix/store/nqb2ns2d1lahnd5ncwmn6k84qfd7vx2k-glibc-2.40-36/lib/libc.so.6 ( ... omit ...)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2291, "txt": "$ ldconfig -r /home/fangpen/.local/share/containers/storage/overlay/3e2b7a6d05ca228fafe39b47a19952d4b81a9c413618c66a7013d794e4db3d96/merged -C /etc/ld.so.cache -f /etc/ld.so.conf -p\n64 libs found in cache `/etc/ld.so.cache'\n ( ... omit ...)\n libc.so.6 (libc6,x86-64) => /nix/store/nqb2ns2d1lahnd5ncwmn6k84qfd7vx2k-glibc-2.40-36/lib/libc.so.6\n ( ... omit ...)", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[15]/div/pre/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 341, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Cache generated by:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2292, "txt": "\nCache generated by:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[15]/div/pre/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 342, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " ldconfig (GNU libc) stable release version 2.40", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2293, "txt": " ldconfig (GNU libc) stable release version 2.40\n", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[15]/div/pre/code"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 343, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Oops.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2295, "txt": "Oops.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[52]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 344, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " All the caches are pointing to libraries injected by the Nvidia runtime container, including glibc.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2296, "txt": " All the caches are pointing to libraries injected by the Nvidia runtime container, including glibc.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[52]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 345, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I guess the glibc compiled inside the plugin container image is different from the one shipped with the Nvidia driver in the Nix store.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2297, "txt": " I guess the glibc compiled inside the plugin container image is different from the one shipped with the Nvidia driver in the Nix store.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[52]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 346, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " As a result, any executable that relies on glibc would then link to the wrong one, and literally, almost all executables would rely on glibc, and therefore, they all crash immediately.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2298, "txt": " As a result, any executable that relies on glibc would then link to the wrong one, and literally, almost all executables would rely on glibc, and therefore, they all crash immediately.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[52]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 347, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After learning the root cause, I quickly drafted an issue, reported it to Nvidia’s nvidia-container-toolkit repository, and found an easy fix.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2300, "txt": "After learning the root cause, I quickly drafted ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[53]"}, {"position_id": 2302, "txt": "an issue", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[53]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 2304, "txt": ", reported it to Nvidia’s nvidia-container-toolkit repository, and found an easy fix.", "x": 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2314, "txt": "created a PR", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[53]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 2316, "txt": " with a config file pointing to ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[53]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 2318, "txt": "/lib64", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[53]/code[2]"}, {"position_id": 2320, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[53]/code[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 352, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "RUN echo\"/lib64\"> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/lib64.conf", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2322, "txt": "RUN ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[16]/div/pre/code/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2324, "txt": "echo", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[16]/div/pre/code/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2326, "txt": "\"/lib64\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[16]/div/pre/code/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2328, "txt": ">", "x": 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configuration to include the Nvidia CRI and set it as the default like this:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[55]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 357, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[plugins.\"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri\"]default_runtime_name=\"nvidia\"# other stuff ..", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2339, "txt": "[plugins.\"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri\"]", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[17]/div/pre/code/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2341, "txt": "default_runtime_name", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[17]/div/pre/code/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2343, "txt": "=", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[17]/div/pre/code/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2345, "txt": "\"nvidia\"", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[17]/div/pre/code/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2347, "txt": "# other stuff ..", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/div[17]/div/pre/code/span[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 358, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Unfortunately, it doesn’t work.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2349, "txt": "Unfortunately, it doesn’t work.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[56]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 99, "global_sentence_id": 359, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I haven’t dug into this yet, but according to Nvidia’s k8s-device-plugin readme page:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2350, "txt": " I haven’t dug into this yet, but according to Nvidia’s k8s-device-plugin readme page:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[56]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 99, "global_sentence_id": 360, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "If the nvidia runtime should be set as the default runtime (with non-cri docker versions, for example), the –set-as-default argument must also be included in the commands above.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2352, "txt": "If the nvidia runtime should be set as the default runtime (with non-cri docker versions, for example), the –set-as-default argument must also be included in the commands above.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/blockquote[2]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 100, "global_sentence_id": 361, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " If this is not done, a RuntimeClass needs to be defined.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2353, "txt": " If this is not done, a RuntimeClass needs to be defined.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/blockquote[2]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 100, "global_sentence_id": 362, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It’s just one line in the README, and they’re very easy to overlook.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2355, "txt": "It’s just one line in the README, and they’re very easy to overlook.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[57]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 101, "global_sentence_id": 363, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " So, without an explicit RuntimeClass defined and assigned to a pod in Kubernetes, it won’t pick up the Nvidia runtime.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2356, "txt": " So, without an explicit ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[57]"}, {"position_id": 2358, "txt": "RuntimeClass", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[57]/a"}, {"position_id": 2360, "txt": " defined and assigned to a pod in Kubernetes, it won’t pick up the Nvidia runtime.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[57]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 101, "global_sentence_id": 364, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I didn’t have time to find out how to make a runtime default on a node yet, but for now, I had to define a RuntimeClass like this:", "language": "english", "position": 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"web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 417, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I have been running the experiment for the past week, and it has already accumulated some data with updated MAZE code, including mutations and some other good stuff.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2939, "txt": " I have been running the experiment for the past week, and it has already accumulated some data with updated MAZE code, including mutations and some other good stuff.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[64]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 418, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Likewise, I will publish the data along with the next article.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2940, "txt": " Likewise, I will publish the data along with the next article.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[64]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 419, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I am still thinking about the next focus of the following research.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2941, "txt": " I am still thinking about the next focus of the following research.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[64]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 420, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I have some interesting ideas for eliminating backpropagation with the MAZE approach.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2942, "txt": " I have some interesting ideas for eliminating backpropagation with the MAZE approach.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[64]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 421, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I am also thinking that maybe it’s time to introduce more freedom (more operations) to MAZE’s neuron network so that I can break the accuracy barrier it’s facing.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2943, "txt": " I am also thinking that maybe it’s time to introduce more freedom (more operations) to MAZE’s neuron network so that I can break the accuracy barrier it’s facing.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[64]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 422, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Anyway, we will see.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2944, "txt": " Anyway, we will see.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[64]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 423, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Regardless, thanks for reading.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2946, "txt": "Regardless, thanks for reading.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 119, "global_sentence_id": 424, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I hope you like my journey of digging the rabbit hole and sharing knowledge about running Nvidia GPU on Kubernetes.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2947, "txt": " I hope you like my journey of digging the rabbit hole and sharing knowledge about running Nvidia GPU on Kubernetes.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 119, "global_sentence_id": 425, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Please help me share this article if you find it interesting.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2948, "txt": " Please help me share this article if you find it interesting.", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 119, "global_sentence_id": 426, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Stay tuned because we will have tons of fun on the journey of learning machine learning by building a novel project like MAZE!", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2949, "txt": " Stay tuned because we will have tons of fun on the journey of learning machine learning by building a novel project like MAZE!", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 119, "global_sentence_id": 427, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 😄", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2950, "txt": " 😄", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div/article/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 119, "global_sentence_id": 428, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}], "type": "WEB"}	# Nvidia GPU on bare metal NixOS Kubernetes cluster explained ## Chain of rabbit holes ## Running Kubernetes with NixOS ## Kubernetes with Nvidia GPU CDI plugin explained ### Container Runtime Interface ### nvidia-container-toolkit ### libnvidia-container ### Container Device Interface ### k8s-device-plugin ## Dig this hole first - build nix-playground for hacking and patching any source code easily ## Hunting the k8s-device-plugin crashing bug ## The missing RuntimeClass ## Yet another rabbit hole - PyCharm cannot open my WSL NixOS anymore ## The rule of thumbs for digging the rabbit holes ## Final thoughts
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theory that GLP-1 increases insulin and thus decreases blood sugar.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[3]/span[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " But GLP-1 seems to have lots of other effects, like preventing glucose from entering the bloodstream, slowing digestion, and making you feel full longer.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 707, "txt": " But GLP-1 seems to have ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[3]/span[8]"}, {"position_id": 709, "txt": "lots", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[3]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 711, "txt": " of other effects, like preventing glucose from entering the bloodstream, slowing digestion, and making you feel full longer.", "x": 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kind of generalized “anti-addiction” effect on the brain?", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[5]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Or maybe screwing around with blood sugar changes willpower?", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 738, "txt": " Or maybe screwing around with blood sugar changes willpower?", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[5]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Or maybe when people get thinner, that changes how the brain works?", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 739, "txt": " Or maybe when people get thinner, that changes how the brain works?", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[5]/span[2]"}]}, 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injections of increasing amounts of semaglutide:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 798, "txt": " The other half were given weekly injections of increasing amounts of semaglutide:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 0.25 mg for 4 weeks, then 0.5 mg for 4 weeks, and then 0.5 or 1 mg in the last week, depending on a doctor’s judgement.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 799, "txt": " 0.25 mg for 4 weeks, then 0.5 mg for 4 weeks, and then 0.5 or 1 mg in the last week, depending on a doctor’s judgement.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Outcome 1:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 801, "txt": "Outcome 1:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/h2[2]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": " Drinking", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 802, "txt": " Drinking", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/h2[2]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The first outcome was to simply ask people to record how much they drank in daily life.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 804, "txt": "The first outcome was to simply ask people to record how much they drank in daily life.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Here are the results:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 805, "txt": " Here are the results:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2ca3H4qnR1I1UVWUb2WiYUN.jpeg", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 326, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2ca3H4qnR1I1UVWUb2WiYUN.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/div[3]/figure/a/div/picture/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "If I understand correctly, at some point 6 out of the 24 subjects in the placebo group stopped providing these records, and 3 out of 24 in 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produce.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 809, "txt": " It’s not clear to me what bias this might produce.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "When I first saw that figure, I thought it looked good.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 811, "txt": "When I first saw that figure, I thought it looked good.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[14]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The lines are going down, and the semaglutide line is lower.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 812, "txt": " The lines are going down, and the semaglutide line is lower.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[14]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " But then I checked the appendix.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 813, "txt": " But then I checked the appendix.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[14]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " (Protip:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 814, "txt": " (Protip:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[14]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Always check the appendix.)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 815, "txt": " ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[14]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 817, "txt": "Always", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[14]/em"}, {"position_id": 819, "txt": " check the appendix.)", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[14]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This contains the same data, but stratified by if people were obese or not:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 820, "txt": " This contains the same data, but stratified by if people were obese or not:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[14]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4ujwkf2OoNkF3UJqbc41gtNg.jpeg", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 339, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4ujwkf2OoNkF3UJqbc41gtNg.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/div[4]/figure/a/div/picture/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Now it looks like semaglutide isn’t doing anything.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 822, "txt": "Now it looks like semaglutide isn’t doing anything.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " It’s just that among the non-obese, the semaglutide group happened to start at a lower baseline.", 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{"position_id": 830, "txt": "difference", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[16]/em"}, {"position_id": 832, "txt": " in the difference, which is what we’d expect to see if semaglutide was helping.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[16]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The paper provides other measurements like “changes in drinking days” and “changes in heavy drinking days” and “changes in drinks per drinking day”, but it’s the same story:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 834, "txt": "The paper provides other measurements like “changes in drinking days” and “changes in heavy drinking days” and “changes in drinks per drinking day”, but it’s the same story:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Either no benefit or no difference.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 835, "txt": " Either no benefit or no difference.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "So…", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 837, "txt": "So…", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[18]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This is a small sample.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 838, "txt": " This is a small sample.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[18]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " It only lasted nine weeks, and subjects spent many of them on pretty small doses.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 839, "txt": " It only lasted nine weeks, and subjects spent many of them on pretty small doses.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[18]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " But this is far the miracle we hoped for.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 840, "txt": " But this is far the miracle we hoped for.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[18]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Some effect might be hiding in the noise, but what these results most look like is zero effect.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 841, "txt": " Some effect might be hiding in the noise, but what these results ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[18]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 843, "txt": "most", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[18]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 845, "txt": " look like is ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[18]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 847, "txt": "zero", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[18]/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 849, "txt": " effect.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[18]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Outcome 2:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 851, "txt": "Outcome 2:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/h2[3]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": " Delayed drinking", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 852, "txt": " Delayed drinking", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/h2[3]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "There are also lab experiments.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 854, "txt": "There are also lab experiments.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " They did these at both the start and end of the study.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 855, "txt": " They did these at both the start and end of the study.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In the first experiment, they basically set each subject’s favorite alcoholic drink in front of them and said them, “For each minute you wait before drinking this, we will pay you, up to a maximum of 50 minutes.”", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 856, "txt": " In the first experiment, they basically set each subject’s favorite alcoholic drink in front of them and said them, “For each minute you wait before drinking this, we will pay you, up to a maximum of 50 minutes.”", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "How much were they paid, you ask?", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 858, "txt": "How ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[20]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 860, "txt": "much", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[20]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 862, "txt": " were they paid, you ask?", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[20]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Oddly, that’s not specified in the paper.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 863, "txt": " Oddly, that’s not specified in the paper.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[20]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 85, 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"/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[20]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 871, "txt": "289 page application", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[20]/a[1]"}, {"position_id": 873, "txt": " they made to the FDA to be able to do this study.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[20]/span[4]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " (Good times!)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 874, "txt": " (Good times!)", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[20]/span[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " But there is a citation for a different paper in which people were paid $0.24/minute, decreasing by $0.01 / minute every five minutes.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 875, "txt": " But there is a citation for a ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[20]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 877, "txt": "different paper", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[20]/a[2]"}, {"position_id": 879, "txt": " in which people were paid $0.24/minute, decreasing by $0.01 / minute every five minutes.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[20]/span[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " If they used the same amounts here, then the maximum subjects could earn was $9.75.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 880, "txt": " If they used the same amounts here, then the maximum subjects could earn was $9.75.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[20]/span[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Anyway, here are the results:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 882, "txt": "Anyway, here are the results:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1i5pWPonx732KZ8Ln2Q8ddK.jpeg", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 375, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1i5pWPonx732KZ8Ln2Q8ddK.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/div[5]/figure/a/div/picture/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "So…", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 884, "txt": "So…", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " basically nothing?", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 885, "txt": " basically nothing?", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Because almost everyone waited the full 50 minutes?", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 886, "txt": " Because almost everyone waited the full 50 minutes?", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " And they did this for only $9.75?", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 887, "txt": " And they did this for only $9.75?", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Seems weird.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 888, "txt": " Seems weird.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "I don’t really see this as evidence against semaglutide.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 890, "txt": "I don’t really see this as evidence ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[23]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 892, "txt": "against", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[23]/em"}, {"position_id": 894, "txt": " semaglutide.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[23]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Rather, I think this didn’t end up proving much in either direction.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 895, "txt": " Rather, I think this didn’t end up proving much in either direction.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[23]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Outcome 3:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 897, "txt": "Outcome 3:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/h2[4]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": " Laboratory drinking", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 898, "txt": " Laboratory drinking", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/h2[4]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "So what’s with that initial figure?", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 900, "txt": "So what’s with that initial figure?", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Well, after the delayed drinking experiment was over, the subjects were given 2 hours to drink as much as they wanted, up to some kind of safe limit.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 901, "txt": " Well, after the delayed drinking experiment was over, the subjects were given 2 hours to drink as much as they wanted, up to some kind of safe limit.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This is what led to the figure everyone is so excited about:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 902, "txt": " This is what led to the figure everyone is so excited about:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1l7dsW1lCUj12yubodgmRp.png", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 393, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1l7dsW1lCUj12yubodgmRp.png", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/div[6]/figure/a/div/picture/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "When I first saw this, I too thought it looked good.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 904, "txt": "When I first saw this, I too thought it looked good.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[25]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I thought it looked so good that I started writing this post, eager to share the good news.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 905, "txt": " I thought it looked ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[25]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 907, "txt": "so", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[25]/em"}, {"position_id": 909, "txt": " good that I started writing this post, eager to share the good news.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[25]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " But at some point I read the caption more carefully and my Spidey sense started tingling.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 910, "txt": " But at some point I read the caption more carefully and my Spidey sense started tingling.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[25]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/14aEfk3dMbRL30aWs93wXaOe.jpeg", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 405, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/14aEfk3dMbRL30aWs93wXaOe.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/div[7]/figure/a/div/picture/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "There’s two issues here.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 912, "txt": "There’s two issues here.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[26]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " First of all, subjects were free to skip this part of the experiment, and a lot did.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 913, "txt": " First of all, subjects were free to skip this part of the experiment, and a lot did.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[26]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Only 12 of the 24 subjects in the placebo group and 13 of 24 in the semaglutide group actually did it.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 914, "txt": " Only 12 of the 24 subjects in the placebo group and 13 of 24 in the semaglutide group actually did it.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[26]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This means the results are non-randomized.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 915, "txt": " This means the results are ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[26]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 917, "txt": "non-randomized", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[26]/em"}, {"position_id": 919, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[26]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "I mean, the people who declined to do this experiment would probably have drunk different amounts than those who agreed, right?", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 921, "txt": "I mean, the people who declined to do this experiment would probably have drunk different amounts than those who agreed, right?", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " So if semaglutide had any influence on people decision to participate (e.g. because it changed their relationship with alcohol, which is the hypothesis of this research) then the results would be biased.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 922, "txt": " So if semaglutide had any influence on people decision to participate (e.g. because it changed their relationship with alcohol, which is the hypothesis of this research) then the results would be biased.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " That bias could potentially go in either direction.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 923, "txt": " That bias could potentially go in either direction.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " But basically this means we’re sort of working with observational data.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 924, "txt": " But basically this means we’re sort of working with observational data.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The second issue is that what’s being show in this plot is not data.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 926, "txt": "The second issue is that what’s being show in this plot is ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[28]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 928, "txt": "not data", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[28]/strong[1]"}, {"position_id": 930, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[28]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I know it looks like data, but what’s shown are numbers derived from regression coefficients.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 931, "txt": " I know it ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[28]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 933, "txt": "looks", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[28]/em"}, {"position_id": 935, "txt": " like data, but what’s shown are ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[28]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 937, "txt": "numbers derived from regression coefficients", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[28]/strong[2]"}, {"position_id": 939, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[28]/span[4]"}]}, "tags": ["em", "strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In the appendix, you can find this table:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 940, "txt": " In the appendix, you can find this table:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[28]/span[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2aP4dW3Ky5ai1eNYch3DdEGN.jpeg", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 426, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2aP4dW3Ky5ai1eNYch3DdEGN.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/div[8]/figure/a/div/picture/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Basically, they fit a regression to predict how much people drank in this experiment at the end of the study (“g-EtOH”) based on (a) how much they drank during the same experiment at the start of the study (“Baseline”) (b) their sex, and (c) if they got semaglutide or not (“Condition”).", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 942, "txt": "Basically, they fit a regression to predict how much people drank in this experiment at the end of the study (“g-EtOH”) based on (a) how much they drank during the same experiment at the ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[29]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 944, "txt": "start", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[29]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 946, "txt": " of the study (“Baseline”) (b) their sex, and (c) if they got semaglutide or not (“Condition”).", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[29]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Those coefficients are in the B column.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 947, "txt": " Those coefficients are in the ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[29]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 949, "txt": "B", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[29]/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 951, "txt": " column.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[29]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "How exactly they got from these coefficients to the numbers in the figure isn’t entirely clear to me.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 953, "txt": "How exactly they got from these coefficients to the numbers in the figure isn’t entirely clear to me.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[30]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " But using a plot digitizer I found that the figure shows ~56.9 g for the placebo group and ~33.3 g for the semaglutide group, for a difference of ~23.6 g. I believe that difference comes from the regression coefficient for “Condition” (-25.32) plus some adjustments for the fact that sex and baseline consumption vary a bit between the two groups.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 954, "txt": " But using a ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[30]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 956, "txt": "plot digitizer", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[30]/a"}, {"position_id": 958, "txt": " I found that the figure shows ~56.9 g for the placebo group and ~33.3 g for the semaglutide group, for a difference of ~23.6 g. I believe that difference comes from the regression coefficient for “Condition” (-25.32) plus some adjustments for the fact that sex and baseline consumption vary a bit between the two groups.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[30]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "So…", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 960, "txt": "So…", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[31]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " that’s not nothing!", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 961, "txt": " that’s not nothing!", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[31]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This is some evidence in favor of semaglutide being helpful.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 962, "txt": " This is ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[31]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 964, "txt": "some", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[31]/em"}, {"position_id": 966, "txt": " evidence in favor of semaglutide being helpful.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[31]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " But it’s still basically just a regression coefficient computed on a non-randomized sample.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 967, "txt": " But it’s still basically just a regression coefficient computed on a non-randomized sample.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[31]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Which is sad, since the point of RCTs is to avoid resorting to regression coefficients on non-randomized samples.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 968, "txt": " Which is sad, since the point of RCTs is to avoid resorting to regression coefficients on non-randomized samples.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[31]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Thus, I put much more faith in outcome #1.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 969, "txt": " Thus, I put much more faith in outcome #1.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[31]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Discussion", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 971, "txt": "Discussion", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/h2[5]"}]}, "tags": ["h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "To summarize, the most reliable outcome of this paper was how much people reported drinking in daily life.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 973, "txt": "To summarize, the most reliable outcome of this paper was how much people reported drinking in daily life.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[32]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " No effect was observed there.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 974, "txt": " No effect was observed there.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[32]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The laboratory experiment suggests some effect, but the evidence is much weaker.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 975, "txt": " The laboratory experiment suggests some effect, but the evidence is much weaker.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[32]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " When you combine the two, the results of this paper are quite bad, at least relative to my (high) hopes.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 976, "txt": " When you combine the two, the results of this paper are quite bad, at least relative to my (high) hopes.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[32]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Obviously, just because the results are disappointing does not mean the research was bad.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 978, "txt": "Obviously, just because the ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[33]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 980, "txt": "results", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[33]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 982, "txt": " are disappointing does not mean the research was bad.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[33]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The measure of science is the importance of the questions, not what the answers happen to be.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 983, "txt": " The measure of science is the importance of the questions, not what the answers happen to be.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[33]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " It’s unfortunate that a non-randomized sample participated in the final drinking experiment, but what were they supposed to do, force them?", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 984, "txt": " It’s unfortunate that a non-randomized sample participated in the final drinking experiment, but what were they supposed to do, force them?", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[33]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This experiment involved giving a synthetic hormone and an addictive substance with people with a use disorder.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 985, "txt": " This experiment involved giving a synthetic hormone and an addictive substance with people with a use disorder.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[33]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " If you have any doubts about the amount of work necessary to bring that to reality, I strongly encourage you to look at the FDA application.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 986, "txt": " If you have any doubts about the amount of work necessary to bring that to reality, I ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[33]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 988, "txt": "strongly", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[33]/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 990, "txt": " encourage you to look at the ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[33]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 992, "txt": "FDA application", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[33]/a"}, {"position_id": 994, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[33]/span[4]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "OK, fine, I admit that I do feel this paper “hides the bodies” slightly too effectively, in a way that could mislead people who aren’t experts or that don’t read the paper carefully.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 996, "txt": "OK, fine, I admit that I do feel this paper “hides the bodies” slightly too effectively, in a way that could mislead people who aren’t experts or that don’t read the paper carefully.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[34]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I think I’m on firm ground with that complaint, since in the discussions I’ve seen, 100% of people were in fact misled.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 997, "txt": " I think I’m on firm ground with that complaint, since in the discussions I’ve seen, 100% of people ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[34]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 999, "txt": "were", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[34]/em"}, {"position_id": 1001, "txt": " in fact misled.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[34]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " But I’m sympathetic to the reality that most reviewers don’t share my enlightened views about judging science, and that a hypothetical paper written with my level of skepticism would never be published.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1002, "txt": " But I’m sympathetic to the reality that most reviewers don’t share my enlightened views about judging science, and that a hypothetical paper written with my level of skepticism would never be published.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[34]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "(People think the problem with science is that it’s too woke.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1004, "txt": "(People think the problem with science is that it’s too woke.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[35]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " While I don’t really disagree, I still think the bigger problem is screwed up incentives that force everyone oversell everything, because that’s what you have to do to survive.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1005, "txt": " While I don’t really disagree, I still think the bigger problem is screwed up incentives that force ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[35]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1007, "txt": "everyone", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[35]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 1009, "txt": " oversell ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[35]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1011, "txt": "everything", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[35]/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 1013, "txt": ", because that’s what you have to do to survive.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[35]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " But that’s a story for another time.)", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1014, "txt": " But that’s a story for another time.)", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[35]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Anyway, despite these results, I’m still hopeful that GLP-1 drugs might help with addiction.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1016, "txt": "Anyway, despite these results, I’m still hopeful that GLP-1 drugs might help with addiction.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[36]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " This is a relatively small study, and it only lasted 9 weeks.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1017, "txt": " This is a relatively small study, and it only lasted 9 weeks.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[36]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " I don’t think we can dismiss the huge number of anecdotes yet.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1018, "txt": " I don’t think we can dismiss the huge number of anecdotes yet.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[36]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " And the laboratory experiment was at least a little promising.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1019, "txt": " And the laboratory experiment was at least a little promising.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[36]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Given how destructive addictions can be, I vote for more research in this direction.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1020, "txt": " Given how destructive addictions can be, I vote for more research in this direction.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[36]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Fortunately, given the billions of dollars to be made, that’s sure to happen.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1021, "txt": " Fortunately, given the billions of dollars to be made, that’s sure to happen.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[36]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "But given just how miraculous semaglutide is for obesity, and given the miraculous anecdotes, I don’t see how to spin this paper as anything but a letdown.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1023, "txt": "But given just how miraculous semaglutide is for obesity, and given the miraculous ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[37]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 1025, "txt": "anecdotes", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[37]/em[1]"}, {"position_id": 1027, "txt": ", I don’t see how to spin this paper as anything but a letdown.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[37]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " It provides weak evidence for any effect and comes close to excluding the possibility of another miracle.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1028, "txt": " It provides weak evidence for any effect and comes close to ", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[37]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 1030, "txt": "excluding", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[37]/em[2]"}, {"position_id": 1032, "txt": " the possibility of another miracle.", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[37]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": ["em"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " If you’ve forgotten what miracles look like, here is the figure for body weight:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1033, "txt": " If you’ve forgotten what miracles look like, here is the figure for body weight:", "x": "/html/body/div/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div/article/div[4]/div[2]/div/p[37]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab13d4ba-fe51-47df-a2a7-99fec9e535fa_982x712.png", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 478, "txt": "<img https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab13d4ba-fe51-47df-a2a7-99fec9e535fa_982x712.png", "x": 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"WEB"}	# The first RCT for GLP-1 drugs and alcoholism isn't what we hoped ## What they did ## Outcome 1: Drinking ## Outcome 2: Delayed drinking ## Outcome 3: Laboratory drinking ## Discussion
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"txt": "宋代商业的极大繁荣带来了新的生活观念，大都市的形成也带来了人们对娱乐的渴求。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "市井生活不仅提供了新题材，创造了新的生活方式，也创造出适应这种生活的艺术形式、艺术风格。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 362, "txt": "市井生活不仅提供了新题材，创造了新的生活方式，也创造出适应这种生活的艺术形式、艺术风格。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，高度集权的中央体制也造成了宋朝“将不知兵，兵不能战”的军事弱势，长期受到北方民族的威胁，与这些外族政权从原先的称兄道弟到最后的纳贡称臣，使得士人心中充满了隐忍和屈辱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 364, "txt": "然而，高度集权的中央体制也造成了宋朝“将不知兵，兵不能战”的军事弱势，长期受到北方民族的威胁，与这些外族政权从原先的称兄道弟到最后的纳贡称臣，使得士人心中充满了隐忍和屈辱。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": 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"王师北定中原日，家祭无忘告乃翁。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "陆游的绝笔凝聚了其毕生信念未能实现的不甘与悲怆。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 370, "txt": "陆游的绝笔凝聚了其毕生信念未能实现的不甘与悲怆。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "民族英雄、抗金名将岳飞的《满江红》更是脍炙人口，“靖康耻，犹未雪。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 371, "txt": "民族英雄、抗金名将岳飞的《满江红》更是脍炙人口，“靖康耻，犹未雪。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "臣子恨，何时灭！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 372, "txt": 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"/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "看到国家分裂，这些民族精英的心也在为之滴血。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 376, "txt": "看到国家分裂，这些民族精英的心也在为之滴血。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "由于民族和国家在现实生存上一直受到威胁，国家版图从前朝向外扩张转为向内收缩，宋朝士人也一改盛唐人的“男儿本自重横行，天子非常赐颜色”的豪迈张扬与轩昂开朗，在精神上逐渐变得内敛退缩，乃至狭隘萎靡。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 378, "txt": "由于民族和国家在现实生存上一直受到威胁，国家版图从前朝向外扩张转为向内收缩，宋朝士人也一改盛唐人的“男儿本自重横行，天子非常赐颜色”的豪迈张扬与轩昂开朗，在精神上逐渐变得内敛退缩，乃至狭隘萎靡。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "长期以来自我中心的天下主义遇到了挫折，自我中心的民族主义便开始抬头。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 380, "txt": "长期以来自我中心的天下主义遇到了挫折，自我中心的民族主义便开始抬头。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[17]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "与此同时，由于精神上的内向、焦虑、敏感，宋代走向了伦理主义，在现实生活和道德观念中极度高扬道德伦理，强调“存天理，灭人欲”，“饿死事小，守节事大”这样极端严峻的伦理立竿准则。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 382, "txt": "与此同时，由于精神上的内向、焦虑、敏感，宋代走向了伦理主义，在现实生活和道德观念中极度高扬道德伦理，强调“存天理，灭人欲”，“饿死事小，守节事大”这样极端严峻的伦理立竿准则。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[17]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "理学的兴盛造成了人们精神生活的冲突与紧张，也造成了人们人格的普遍分裂。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 383, "txt": "理学的兴盛造成了人们精神生活的冲突与紧张，也造成了人们人格的普遍分裂。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[17]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "‍宋词的文体特征与宋代士人的审美趣味", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 385, "txt": "‍", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[19]/strong[1]"}, {"position_id": 387, "txt": "宋词的文体特征与宋代士人的审美趣味", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[19]/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "宋词能够成为宋代文学的代表，得益于其文体特征恰好契合了宋代的社会与精神需求。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 389, "txt": "宋词能够成为宋代文学的代表，得益于其文体特征恰好契合了宋代的社会与精神需求。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "它既是宋代文化的产物，也是宋代文化的象征。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 390, "txt": "它既是宋代文化的产物，也是宋代文化的象征。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "王国维在《人间词话》中说：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 392, "txt": "王国维在《人间词话》中说：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[23]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“词之为体，要眇宜修，能言诗之所不能言，而不能尽言诗之所能言。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 393, "txt": "“词之为体，要眇宜修，能言诗之所不能言，而不能尽言诗之所能言。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[23]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "诗之境阔，词之言长。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 394, "txt": "诗之境阔，词之言长。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[23]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他强调的是词的精致微妙与美丽优雅。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 395, "txt": "他强调的是词的精致微妙与美丽优雅。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[23]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "晚唐五代词人偏好“逐管弦之音为侧艳之词”，长于表现一种婉约细腻的女性美。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 397, "txt": "晚唐五代词人偏好“逐管弦之音为侧艳之词”，长于表现一种婉约细腻的女性美。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[23]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "即使后来有苏辛的豪放词，也必须豪宕之中蕴韶秀，刚健之中显婀娜。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 398, "txt": "即使后来有苏辛的豪放词，也必须豪宕之中蕴韶秀，刚健之中显婀娜。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[23]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "细腻柔婉是词的正宗，刚健豪放则是它的变调。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 400, "txt": "细腻柔婉是词的正宗，刚健豪放则是它的变调。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[23]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "词具有长短句式、音调节拍以及配乐可歌的特性，细腻柔婉这一特征正是与词的音乐性息息相关。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 401, "txt": "词具有长短句式、音调节拍以及配乐可歌的特性，细腻柔婉这一特征正是与词的音乐性息息相关。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[23]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "自先秦起，中国的诗歌就与音乐关系紧密，《诗经》、部分《楚辞》及汉乐府，都是必须入乐演唱的，《诗经》风雅颂的划分标准就是音乐。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 403, "txt": "自先秦起，中国的诗歌就与音乐关系紧密，《诗经》、部分《楚辞》及汉乐府，都是必须入乐演唱的，《诗经》风雅颂的划分标准就是音乐。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，到了汉代，能够演唱《诗经》《楚辞》的人变得愈来愈少。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 404, "txt": "然而，到了汉代，能够演唱《诗经》《楚辞》的人变得愈来愈少。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "六朝时期，汉乐府的演唱也面临着同样的困境。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 405, "txt": "六朝时期，汉乐府的演唱也面临着同样的困境。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "进入唐代，古乐更是鲜有人演奏和欣赏。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 406, "txt": "进入唐代，古乐更是鲜有人演奏和欣赏。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "原先用于歌唱的音乐逐渐消亡，成为只能诵读的案头文学。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 407, "txt": "原先用于歌唱的音乐逐渐消亡，成为只能诵读的案头文学。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这时候，从西域传入的“胡乐”与汉族的清商乐相融合，形成了一种新的音乐类型——“燕乐”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 409, "txt": "这时候，从西域传入的“胡乐”与汉族的清商乐相融合，形成了一种新的音乐类型——“燕乐”。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[25]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "燕乐分为舞曲和歌曲，歌曲的歌词被称为“曲子词”，即词的雏形。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 411, "txt": "燕乐分为舞曲和歌曲，歌曲的歌词被称为“曲子词”，即词的雏形。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "燕乐中有些曲调的曲拍声调与五七言绝句相合，那么这些五七言绝句直接就可以入乐歌唱，如旗亭画壁故事中的“寒雨连江夜入吴”、“奉帚平明金殿开”、“黄河远入白云间”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 412, "txt": "燕乐中有些曲调的曲拍声调与五七言绝句相合，那么这些五七言绝句直接就可以入乐歌唱，如旗亭画壁故事中的“寒雨连江夜入吴”、“奉帚平明金殿开”、“黄河远入白云间”。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但大多数情况下，直接以诗入曲很难演唱，必须加入和声和泛声才能与曲拍相合，像广为传唱的《阳关三叠》也得破句。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 413, "txt": "但大多数情况下，直接以诗入曲很难演唱，必须加入和声和泛声才能与曲拍相合，像广为传唱的《阳关三叠》也得破句。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中唐以后开始有文人按乐曲填词，如白居易的《江南好》之类。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 414, "txt": "中唐以后开始有文人按乐曲填词，如白居易的《江南好》之类。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "词与《诗经》、汉乐府的区别，一是它们各自所配的音乐不同，二是它们创作过程不同。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 416, "txt": "词与《诗经》、汉乐府的区别，一是它们各自所配的音乐不同，二是它们创作过程不同。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[29]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "前二者是依歌辞谱曲，后者是依曲填写歌辞，即按乐章分阙的数目，按曲拍定句的长短，按乐声选字的平仄，这就形成了一种不同于诗的长短句体裁。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 418, "txt": "前二者是依歌辞谱曲，后者是依曲填写歌辞，即按乐章分阙的数目，按曲拍定句的长短，按乐声选字的平仄，这就形成了一种不同于诗的长短句体裁。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[29]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从上下片换头或不换头，就能判断这首词乐章的特点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 419, "txt": "从上下片换头或不换头，就能判断这首词乐章的特点。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[29]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不换头表明上下乐章完全一样，换头则说明上下乐章有变化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 420, "txt": "不换头表明上下乐章完全一样，换头则说明上下乐章有变化。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[29]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "词的上下片节拍完全相同称“重头”，散曲中一曲调多遍重复填写也叫“重头”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 421, "txt": "词的上下片节拍完全相同称“重头”，散曲中一曲调多遍重复填写也叫“重头”。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[29]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "曲调由慢拍转为快拍叫“入破”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 422, "txt": "曲调由慢拍转为快拍叫“入破”。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[29]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "燕乐的娱乐特性，也决定了词的内容和风格。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 424, "txt": "燕乐的娱乐特性，也决定了词的内容和风格。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[31]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "大多数词的题材不出于男欢女爱，词境只限于闺阁园亭，手法大多委婉深曲，情调大多柔媚轻艳，语言也大多凝炼精巧。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 425, "txt": "大多数词的题材不出于男欢女爱，词境只限于闺阁园亭，手法大多委婉深曲，情调大多柔媚轻艳，语言也大多凝炼精巧。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[31]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "波澜壮阔的社会生活、豪迈激昂的英雄浩气和金戈铁马的战场斯杀，基本无法在词中得到表现，因为这些内容难以入乐歌唱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 427, "txt": "波澜壮阔的社会生活、豪迈激昂的英雄浩气和金戈铁马的战场斯杀，基本无法在词中得到表现，因为这些内容难以入乐歌唱。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[31]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "晚唐五代和北宋前期的词人在对词的体认上也印证了这一文体特征。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 429, "txt": "晚唐五代和北宋前期的词人在对词的体认上也印证了这一文体特征。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如欧阳炯在《花间集序》中提到，“递叶叶之花笺，文抽丽锦，举纤纤之玉指，拍按香檀。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 430, "txt": "如欧阳炯在《花间集序》中提到，“递叶叶之花笺，文抽丽锦，举纤纤之玉指，拍按香檀。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不无清绝之词，用助妖娆之态。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 431, "txt": "不无清绝之词，用助妖娆之态。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "，表明晚唐五代的词主要为歌妓舞女们所用，使她们更加妖娆可爱、性感动人。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 432, "txt": "，表明晚唐五代的词主要为歌妓舞女们所用，使她们更加妖娆可爱、性感动人。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "欧阳修在《采桑子》词的序中也表示，自己填词不过是“因翻旧阕之词，写以新声之调。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 433, "txt": "欧阳修在《采桑子》词的序中也表示，自己填词不过是“因翻旧阕之词，写以新声之调。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "敢陈薄伎，聊佐清欢。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 434, "txt": "敢陈薄伎，聊佐清欢。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "宋词细腻柔婉这一文体特征与宋人内向、细腻、敏感精神状态一拍即合，将宋人近乎神经质的细腻感情表现得淋漓尽致。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 436, "txt": "宋词细腻柔婉这一文体特征与宋人内向、细腻、敏感精神状态一拍即合，将宋人近乎神经质的细腻感情表现得淋漓尽致。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如张先的《青门引·乍暖还轻冷》，“乍暖还轻冷，风雨晚来方定。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 437, "txt": "如张先的《青门引·乍暖还轻冷》，“乍暖还轻冷，风雨晚来方定。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "庭轩寂寞近清明，残花中酒，又是去年病。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 438, "txt": "庭轩寂寞近清明，残花中酒，又是去年病。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "楼头画角风吹醒，入夜重门静。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 439, "txt": "楼头画角风吹醒，入夜重门静。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那堪更被明月，隔墙送过秋千影。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 440, "txt": "那堪更被明月，隔墙送过秋千影。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“暖”而说“乍”，“冷”而言“轻”；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 441, "txt": "“暖”而说“乍”，“冷”而言“轻”；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "风吹影动以“弄”字来刻画，风吹角响以“醒”字来形容，体物既微妙，下字更精细，抒情也含蓄有味。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 442, "txt": "风吹影动以“弄”字来刻画，风吹角响以“醒”字来形容，体物既微妙，下字更精细，抒情也含蓄有味。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这首词以纤柔清丽的词风，表现了词人细腻幽微的感受，在艺术上堪称绝唱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 443, "txt": "这首词以纤柔清丽的词风，表现了词人细腻幽微的感受，在艺术上堪称绝唱。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "‍宋代的词风与宋代的士风", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 445, "txt": "‍", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]/strong[1]"}, {"position_id": 447, "txt": "宋代的词风与宋代的士风", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "宋代的文化总体上呈现出一种精致、优雅、细腻又略带颓唐的特点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 449, "txt": "宋代的文化总体上呈现出一种精致、优雅、细腻又略带颓唐的特点。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[39]/strong[1]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "宋代文人具有高雅的审美趣味和极高的文化素养，同时也表现出强烈的幻灭感。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 451, "txt": "宋代文人具有高雅的审美趣味和极高的文化素养，同时也表现出强烈的幻灭感。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[39]/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "即使旷达如苏东坡、刚正如范仲淹、富贵如晏殊，他们的词中也常表现出幻灭、颓唐、倦怠的情绪，描绘出一些优美、精致却狭小的境界。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 453, "txt": "即使旷达如苏东坡、刚正如范仲淹、富贵如晏殊，他们的词中也常表现出幻灭、颓唐、倦怠的情绪，描绘出一些优美、精致却狭小的境界。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[39]/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "超脱旷达的苏轼在诗词中常说“古今如梦”、“君臣一梦”、“人间如梦”、“未转头时皆梦”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 455, "txt": "超脱旷达的苏轼在诗词中常说“古今如梦”、“君臣一梦”、“人间如梦”、“未转头时皆梦”。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "既有过“世事一场大梦，人生几度秋凉”的感伤，亦有“人生如梦，一樽还酹江月”的慨叹。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 456, "txt": "既有过“世事一场大梦，人生几度秋凉”的感伤，亦有“人生如梦，一樽还酹江月”的慨叹。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "再看范仲淹，无论是在《苏幕遮》中表达“黯乡魂，追旅思”“酒入愁肠，化作相思泪”的愁绪，还是在《渔家傲·秋思》中抒发“浊酒一杯家万里，燕然未勒归无计”“人不寐，将军白发征夫泪”的苦闷的范仲淹，似乎都与执笔“先忧天下之忧而忧，后乐天下之乐而乐”时的他判若两人。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 458, "txt": "再看范仲淹，无论是在《苏幕遮》中表达“黯乡魂，追旅思”“酒入愁肠，化作相思泪”的愁绪，还是在《渔家傲·秋思》中抒发“浊酒一杯家万里，燕然未勒归无计”“人不寐，将军白发征夫泪”的苦闷的范仲淹，似乎都与执笔“先忧天下之忧而忧，后乐天下之乐而乐”时的他判若两人。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "又如晏殊《浣溪沙》中写道，“一曲新词酒一杯，去年天气旧亭台，夕阳西下几时回？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 460, "txt": "又如晏殊《浣溪沙》中写道，“一曲新词酒一杯，去年天气旧亭台，夕阳西下几时回？", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[45]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "无可奈何花落去，似曾相识燕归来，小园香径独徘徊。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 461, "txt": "无可奈何花落去，似曾相识燕归来，小园香径独徘徊。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[45]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "晏殊一生安享尊荣富贵，是当时所有男人都艳羡的“太平宰相”，可他仍然感到“无可奈何”，致慨于“落花伤春”，徘徊于“小园香径”，乍读这两首词还会误以为作者是多愁善感的伤春少女。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 462, "txt": "晏殊一生安享尊荣富贵，是当时所有男人都艳羡的“太平宰相”，可他仍然感到“无可奈何”，致慨于“落花伤春”，徘徊于“小园香径”，乍读这两首词还会误以为作者是多愁善感的伤春少女。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[45]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那位风流潦倒的柳永更是一副嬉皮士的样子。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 464, "txt": "那位风流潦倒的柳永更是一副嬉皮士的样子。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[47]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "早年创作的一首《鹤冲天·黄金榜上》叙写了其落第后的失意不满和恃才傲物，以及放浪形骸、出入风月场中的生活。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 465, "txt": 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "岑参《送李副使赴碛西官军》中的“功名只向马上取，真是英雄一丈夫”更是直接地表达了他对功成名就的向往和对英雄气概的赞美。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 482, "txt": "岑参《送李副使赴碛西官军》中的“功名只向马上取，真是英雄一丈夫”更是直接地表达了他对功成名就的向往和对英雄气概的赞美。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[49]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "‍宋代商业的繁荣与宋词的娱乐性", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 484, "txt": "‍", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[51]/strong[1]"}, {"position_id": 486, "txt": "宋代商业的繁荣与宋词的娱乐性", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[51]/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "宋代的统治者虽然在对外军事等方面极其“外行”，但在对内管理上却显得尤为“内行”。", "language": "chinese", "position": 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"web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "柳永的一首《望海潮·东南形胜》亦道出了当年杭州的富庶。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 494, "txt": "柳永的一首《望海潮·东南形胜》亦道出了当年杭州的富庶。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[53]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随着城市化进程的不断演进，市民的生活方式和生活观念也发生了转变，推动了人们对娱乐的渴求。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 496, "txt": "随着城市化进程的不断演进，市民的生活方式和生活观念也发生了转变，推动了人们对娱乐的渴求。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[55]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "欧阳修曾说，“因翻旧阕之词，写以新声之调。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 497, "txt": "欧阳修曾说，“因翻旧阕之词，写以新声之调。", "x": 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"web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "俗话说“在什么山上唱什么歌，见什么人说什么话”，文学作品不过是文学家在用笔向人倾诉衷肠，因此，每个作者下笔之时心中都有一个潜在的倾诉对象。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 503, "txt": "俗话说“在什么山上唱什么歌，见什么人说什么话”，文学作品不过是文学家在用笔向人倾诉衷肠，因此，每个作者下笔之时心中都有一个潜在的倾诉对象。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[57]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一潜在的倾诉对象不仅决定了词的内容，也决定了词的语言、风格和品味。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 504, "txt": "这一潜在的倾诉对象不仅决定了词的内容，也决定了词的语言、风格和品味。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[57]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因受众不同，宋词呈现出“雅词”和“俗调”两种不同的艺术风貌。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 505, "txt": "因受众不同，宋词呈现出“雅词”和“俗调”两种不同的艺术风貌。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[57]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“雅词”主要取悦高人雅士，词境限于闺阁园亭，词风婉约细腻，典型的如晏几道的《鹧鸪天》：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 507, "txt": "“雅词”主要取悦高人雅士，词境限于闺阁园亭，词风婉约细腻，典型的如晏几道的《鹧鸪天》：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[59]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“小令尊前见玉箫，银灯一曲太妖娆。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 508, "txt": "“小令尊前见玉箫，银灯一曲太妖娆。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[59]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "歌中醉倒谁能恨，唱罢归来酒未消。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 509, "txt": "歌中醉倒谁能恨，唱罢归来酒未消。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[59]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "春悄悄，夜迢迢，碧云天共楚宫遥。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 510, "txt": "春悄悄，夜迢迢，碧云天共楚宫遥。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[59]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "梦魂惯得无拘检，又踏杨花过谢桥。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 511, "txt": "梦魂惯得无拘检，又踏杨花过谢桥。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[59]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“俗调”则更多是为了取悦世俗的市井小民，语言直白晓畅，抒情也不能过于含蓄。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 512, "txt": "“俗调”则更多是为了取悦世俗的市井小民，语言直白晓畅，抒情也不能过于含蓄。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[59]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "柳永不仅是城市文明的讴歌者，更是商业文明的宠儿，在当时受到市井百姓空前的欢迎，乃至于出现了“凡有井水饮处，皆能歌柳词”的说法。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 514, "txt": "柳永不仅是城市文明的讴歌者，更是商业文明的宠儿，在当时受到市井百姓空前的欢迎，乃至于出现了“凡有井水饮处，皆能歌柳词”的说法。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[61]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "柳永一生厌倦功名利禄，眷恋男女艳情，其艳情词尽管时涉低俗，却歌颂了下层人民的真挚爱情，特别是唱出了娼楼妓女的心愿与辛酸，描绘了市井百姓的日常生活和情感世界，尤以《木兰花令》等为代表：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 515, "txt": "柳永一生厌倦功名利禄，眷恋男女艳情，其艳情词尽管时涉低俗，却歌颂了下层人民的真挚爱情，特别是唱出了娼楼妓女的心愿与辛酸，描绘了市井百姓的日常生活和情感世界，尤以《木兰花令》等为代表：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[61]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“有个人人真攀羡。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 516, "txt": "“有个人人真攀羡。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[61]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "问着佯佯回却面。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 517, "txt": "问着佯佯回却面。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[61]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "你若无意向他人，为甚梦中频相见。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 518, "txt": "你若无意向他人，为甚梦中频相见。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[61]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不如闻早还却愿。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 519, "txt": "不如闻早还却愿。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[61]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "免使牵人虚魂乱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 520, "txt": "免使牵人虚魂乱。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[61]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "风流肠肚不坚牢，只恐被伊牵引断。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 521, "txt": "风流肠肚不坚牢，只恐被伊牵引断。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[61]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "宋代文人与妓女交往十分密切，因而留下了大量的艳情词，如秦观的《八六子·倚危亭》，“无端天与娉婷，夜月一帘幽梦，春风十里柔情。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 523, "txt": "宋代文人与妓女交往十分密切，因而留下了大量的艳情词，如秦观的《八六子·倚危亭》，“无端天与娉婷，夜月一帘幽梦，春风十里柔情。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，也有妓女所作的词流传下来。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 524, "txt": "此外，也有妓女所作的词流传下来。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“说盟说誓，说情说意，动便春愁满纸。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 525, "txt": "“说盟说誓，说情说意，动便春愁满纸。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "多应念得脱空经，是哪个先生教底？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 526, "txt": "多应念得脱空经，是哪个先生教底？", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不茶不饭，不言不语，一味供他憔悴。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 527, "txt": "不茶不饭，不言不语，一味供他憔悴。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "相思已是不曾闲，又哪得功夫咒你。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 528, "txt": "相思已是不曾闲，又哪得功夫咒你。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这首无名“蜀妓”所作的《鹊桥仙》载于南宋周密的《齐东野语》中。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 529, "txt": "这首无名“蜀妓”所作的《鹊桥仙》载于南宋周密的《齐东野语》中。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "陆游的一位朋友从蜀中带回一妓，并为她买了一栋房作为外室，每隔数日便去与她缠绵。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 530, "txt": "陆游的一位朋友从蜀中带回一妓，并为她买了一栋房作为外室，每隔数日便去与她缠绵。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有一次他因病连续几日没去看她，引起了她的紧张和疑心。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 531, "txt": "有一次他因病连续几日没去看她，引起了她的紧张和疑心。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "陆游友人后来作词解释，这位蜀妓便依韵填了这词作答。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 532, "txt": "陆游友人后来作词解释，这位蜀妓便依韵填了这词作答。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "半是嗔怪埋怨，半是玩皮调笑，半是痴情撒娇，真是一语百媚。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 533, "txt": "半是嗔怪埋怨，半是玩皮调笑，半是痴情撒娇，真是一语百媚。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另外，有两首爱情词不得不谈，一是苏轼的《江城子·乙卯正月二十日夜记梦》：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 535, "txt": "另外，有两首爱情词不得不谈，一是苏轼的《江城子·乙卯正月二十日夜记梦》：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“十年生死两茫茫，不思量，自难忘。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 536, "txt": "“十年生死两茫茫，不思量，自难忘。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "千里孤坟，无处话凄凉。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 537, "txt": "千里孤坟，无处话凄凉。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "纵使相逢应不识，尘满面，鬓如霜。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 538, "txt": "纵使相逢应不识，尘满面，鬓如霜。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "夜来幽梦忽还乡，小轩窗，正梳妆。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 539, "txt": "夜来幽梦忽还乡，小轩窗，正梳妆。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "相顾无言，唯有泪千行。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 540, "txt": "相顾无言，唯有泪千行。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "料得年年肠断处，明月夜，短松冈。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 541, "txt": "料得年年肠断处，明月夜，短松冈。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另一首是陆游的《钗头凤》，它写于与已仳离的原妻唐氏再度相逢于沈园之后，以一种凄恻的调子倾诉了夫妻被迫拆散后的痛恨，以及两人的眷恋和相思。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 543, "txt": "另一首是陆游的《钗头凤》，它写于与已仳离的原妻唐氏再度相逢于沈园之后，以一种凄恻的调子倾诉了夫妻被迫拆散后的痛恨，以及两人的眷恋和相思。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[67]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这首词以短句密韵奔泄而出，语气虽急促，抒情却委婉，既一气贯注又回味无穷。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 544, "txt": "这首词以短句密韵奔泄而出，语气虽急促，抒情却委婉，既一气贯注又回味无穷。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[67]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“红酥手，黄滕酒，满城春色宫墙柳。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 545, "txt": "“红酥手，黄滕酒，满城春色宫墙柳。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[67]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "东风恶，欢情薄。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 546, "txt": "东风恶，欢情薄。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[67]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一怀愁绪，几年离索。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 547, "txt": "一怀愁绪，几年离索。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[67]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "错，错，错！", 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[{"position_id": 593, "txt": "他继承并发展了柳永慢词的铺叙技巧，变柳词的直笔为曲笔，深化了词在抒情叙事上的表现力。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[85]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他使词的语言更加典雅浑成，词的音调更加优美和谐，成为“格律词派”的开创者。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 594, "txt": "他使词的语言更加典雅浑成，词的音调更加优美和谐，成为“格律词派”的开创者。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[85]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "两宋之际，作为最杰出的女词人，李清照使“寻常语度入音律”，将口语俗语和书面语陶冶得清新自然，明白如话，创造了后来词人广泛仿效的“易安体”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 596, "txt": "两宋之际，作为最杰出的女词人，李清照使“寻常语度入音律”，将口语俗语和书面语陶冶得清新自然，明白如话，创造了后来词人广泛仿效的“易安体”。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[87]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "南宋前期，爱国主义成为词中最震撼人心的主题，辛弃疾就是爱国词人的代表，抗金复国这一梦寐以求的心愿使辛词凝集着全民族的意志。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 598, "txt": "南宋前期，爱国主义成为词中最震撼人心的主题，辛弃疾就是爱国词人的代表，抗金复国这一梦寐以求的心愿使辛词凝集着全民族的意志。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[89]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他从苏轼的“以诗为词”进而“以文为词”，以其纵横驰骋的才情和雄肆畅达的笔调，在苏的基础上进一步扩大了词的疆域，使其题材更为广阔丰富，意境更为雄豪恢张，想象更为奇幻突兀，手法更为灵活多样。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 600, "txt": "他从苏轼的“以诗为词”进而“以文为词”，以其纵横驰骋的才情和雄肆畅达的笔调，在苏的基础上进一步扩大了词的疆域，使其题材更为广阔丰富，意境更为雄豪恢张，想象更为奇幻突兀，手法更为灵活多样。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[89]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "南宋后期维持了几十年相对平静的局面，格律派词人远绍清真而近崇白石，前期词人那种慷慨悲愤的激情逐渐冷却，词中的情感和语言都归于“醇雅”，律吕字声进一步严格规范。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 602, "txt": "南宋后期维持了几十年相对平静的局面，格律派词人远绍清真而近崇白石，前期词人那种慷慨悲愤的激情逐渐冷却，词中的情感和语言都归于“醇雅”，律吕字声进一步严格规范。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[91]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "姜夔一反婉约派的柔媚软滑，笔致清空峭拔。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 604, "txt": "姜夔一反婉约派的柔媚软滑，笔致清空峭拔。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[91]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "吴文英与姜并肩而词风与姜相反：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 605, "txt": "吴文英与姜并肩而词风与姜相反：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[91]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "姜词清空疏宕，吴词质实丽密。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 606, "txt": "姜词清空疏宕，吴词质实丽密。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[91]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 194, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "宋代词人有的严于诗、词之别，恪守词“别是一家”，强调歌词与曲调要宫商相协。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 608, "txt": "宋代词人有的严于诗、词之别，恪守词“别是一家”，强调歌词与曲调要宫商相协。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有的则借鉴邻近文体的表现方法，甚至“以诗为词”或“以文为词”，填词时并不“醉心于音律”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 609, "txt": "有的则借鉴邻近文体的表现方法，甚至“以诗为词”或“以文为词”，填词时并不“醉心于音律”。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种对词的不同态度导致了各自词风的差异，前者词风多婉约，后者词风多豪放。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 610, "txt": "这种对词的不同态度导致了各自词风的差异，前者词风多婉约，后者词风多豪放。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "划分豪放与婉约的关键是曲调和词风，十七八岁女子执红牙板歌“杨柳岸晓风残月”，其情调风格自不同于关西大汉绰铁板唱“大江东去”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 611, "txt": "划分豪放与婉约的关键是曲调和词风，十七八岁女子执红牙板歌“杨柳岸晓风残月”，其情调风格自不同于关西大汉绰铁板唱“大江东去”。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当然，这仅是从其大略而言，至于每一个词人，婉约而偶涉粗犷者有之，豪放者常近婉约更为多见。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 612, "txt": "当然，这仅是从其大略而言，至于每一个词人，婉约而偶涉粗犷者有之，豪放者常近婉约更为多见。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "落实到每一首词情况还要复杂，许多词兼有英雄之气与儿女之情。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 613, "txt": "落实到每一首词情况还要复杂，许多词兼有英雄之气与儿女之情。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，豪放与婉约之分切忌过于拘泥。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 614, "txt": "因此，豪放与婉约之分切忌过于拘泥。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "词的发展经唐五代至北宋而南宋，词体的兴盛也由小令到中调而至慢词。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 616, "txt": "词的发展经唐五代至北宋而南宋，词体的兴盛也由小令到中调而至慢词。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[95]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "它终于从小溪曲涧汇成了泱漭巨流，从诗的旁支别流进而与诗齐驱并驾，与唐诗同为我国古代文学中璀璨夺目的明珠。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 617, "txt": "它终于从小溪曲涧汇成了泱漭巨流，从诗的旁支别流进而与诗齐驱并驾，与唐诗同为我国古代文学中璀璨夺目的明珠。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[95]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 戴建业：我们为什么爱宋词？ ## 宋代的文化特征与宋代的士人心态 ## 宋词的文体特征与宋代士人的审美趣味 ## 宋代的词风与宋代的士风 ## 宋代商业的繁荣与宋词的娱乐性 ## 词风的嬗变与题材的拓展
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"奕斯伟计算不断推出聚焦智能终端和具身智能两大应用场景的多元化产品与方案，深化生态合作，持续拓展智慧化生态边界，携手产业伙伴推动智能技术向人、车、家、城市全场景渗透，为智能化生活勾勒出一幅幅生动且充满未来感的画卷。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[32]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "欢迎关注【华商韬略】，识风云人物，读韬略传奇。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 511, "txt": "欢迎关注【华商韬略】，识风云人物，读韬略传奇。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# AWE 2025 \| 奕斯伟计算带来智能化产品与方案加速场景应用创新 ## 智能计算打造AI场景新范式 ## Glass to Glass车载视觉解决方案以全链路技术革新智慧座舱体验 ## 重塑人机交互开启智能生活新篇章
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65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "欧美有>5家融资规模上亿美金的公司在这个领域攻坚，因为 code token 的消耗量级很大，要解决的工程问题也很多。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 957, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "欧美有>5家融资规模上亿美金的公司在这个领域攻坚，因为 code token 的消耗量级很大，要解决的工程问题也很多。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[14]/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其中最关键的问题是企业 codebase context 的问题：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 958, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "其中最关键的问题是企业 codebase context 的问题：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[14]/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一方面，如何从巨大的 codebase 中做精准的 retrieval 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模型。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 994, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "前者是基于顶尖 LLM 之上去建立工作流和 agent，而 coding model 类公司则自己从头开始训练 coding-specific 模型。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[18]/p[6]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其中并不看好后一类，因为在 LLM 公司的主航道上。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 995, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "其中并不看好后一类，因为在 LLM 公司的主航道上。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[18]/p[6]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "• Agent for citizen：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, 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0, "position_id": 1150, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "1) 技术上模型底层推理能力不够。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 183, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在企业大 codebase 中去完整的处理问题需要很强的推理能力，去理解用户和codebase 两端的 context，然后将任务拆解为多个解决步骤。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1151, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "在企业大 codebase 中去完整的处理问题需要很强的推理能力，去理解用户和codebase 两端的 context，然后将任务拆解为多个解决步骤。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这样的 long-context + long-horizon reasoning 能力才能真正解决企业侧复杂的工程问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1152, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "这样的 long-context + long-horizon reasoning 能力才能真正解决企业侧复杂的工程问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2) 产品上，UI/UX 层需要与人类协作方式的创新。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1154, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "2) 产品上，UI/UX 层需要与人类协作方式的创新。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "既然模型的能力还没达到完全可用，如何去 involve human in the loop 到协作中就是一个比较难的问题：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1155, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "既然模型的能力还没达到完全可用，如何去 involve human in the loop 到协作中就是一个比较难的问题：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "模型遇到难的问题时是选择 inference-time compute 做搜索还是交给用户去介入给更多的指导和context？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1156, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "模型遇到难的问题时是选择 inference-time compute 做搜索还是交给用户去介入给更多的指导和context？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果这个问题解决得不好，呈现出的效果可能是，AI 自己工作了 12 个小时之后发现束手无策，交给用户也很难在AI 的基础上进行修正。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1157, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "如果这个问题解决得不好，呈现出的效果可能是，AI 自己工作了 12 个小时之后发现束手无策，交给用户也很难在AI 的基础上进行修正。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "由于以上问题，我们推测现在实际能有 PMF 的场景会是 code migration，code refactoring 和 PR commit 等任务。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1159, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "由于以上问题，我们推测现在实际能有 PMF 的场景会是 code migration，code refactoring 和 PR commit 等任务。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 95, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些任务对于开发者来说往往是 toil 也就是不愿意做的事情，开发者专注在这些任务上以后可以把精力集中在别的更有创造力的领域。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1160, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "这些任务对于开发者来说往往是 toil 也就是不愿意做的事情，开发者专注在这些任务上以后可以把精力集中在别的更有创造力的领域。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 95, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此目前 coding agent 现阶段做得更多是从 1 到 100 的事情，还没有到从 0到 1 的任务上。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1161, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "因此目前 coding agent 现阶段做得更多是从 1 到 100 的事情，还没有到从 0到 1 的任务上。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 95, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们看好 coding agent 在未来 2 年内会逐渐承担更多的责任，不过那需要底层模型的能力和上层 agent 框架的共同进步。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1162, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "我们看好 coding agent 在未来 2 年内会逐渐承担更多的责任，不过那需要底层模型的能力和上层 agent 框架的共同进步。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 95, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "定价问题也很值得思考：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1164, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "定价问题也很值得思考：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 96, "global_sentence_id": 194, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "传统 dev tool 的定价一般是按使用者数量 seat-based 付费，对于coding agent 而言 consumption-based 付费可能是更合理的定价，优秀的、完成大量任务的 coding agent 价格可能值得和 junior developer 在同一个数量级。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1165, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "传统 dev tool 的定价一般是按使用者数量 seat-based 付费，对于coding agent 而言 consumption-based 付费可能是更合理的定价，优秀的、完成大量任务的 coding agent 价格可能值得和 junior developer 在同一个数量级。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 96, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "• Coding Model 代表公司：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1167, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "•", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[23]/strong/span"}, {"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1169, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": " Coding Model 代表公司：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[23]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Poolside、Magic", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1170, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "Poolside、Magic", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[23]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Coding 领域对模型能力的要求是不完全一致的，比如 code tokenizer 对代码中的变量、符号、函数名都要做专门的切分，以及主流 LLM 的训练是以文本生成为主要目标函数，代码能力看起来是其智能的副产品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1172, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "Coding 领域对模型能力的要求是不完全一致的，比如 code tokenizer 对代码中的变量、符号、函数名都要做专门的切分，以及主流 LLM 的训练是以文本生成为主要目标函数，代码能力看起来是其智能的副产品。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此 Coding model 领域开始出现一些独立公司：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1173, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "因此 Coding model 领域开始出现一些独立公司：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "• Magic 强调特别长的 context window，能把企业中复杂的 codebase 完整读进来解决问题，尽量避免 retrieval；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1175, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "•", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[27]/span"}, {"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1177, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": " Magic 强调特别长的 context window，能把企业中复杂的 codebase 完整读进来解决问题，尽量避免 retrieval；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[27]/span"}]}, "tags": [], 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"orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1183, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "不过这一领域的公司在 OpenAI、Anthropic 的主航道上，考虑到 Coding 能力是模型推理能力最好的proxy，这两家公司的模型一定会在 LLM + RL 的范式下在 coding 能力上持续进步。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[30]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 101, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Autopilot for citizen", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1185, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "Autopilot for citizen", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[32]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 102, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "• Task engine 代表产品：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1187, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "•", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[34]/strong/span"}, {"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1189, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": " Task engine 代表产品：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[34]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Replit、Websim、Wordware", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 1190, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "Replit、Websim、Wordware", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[29]/p[34]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Task engine 对应的是 search 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"这些目标涉及多个行政机构，包括美国国际开发署、美国国务院、美国白宫、美国司法部、美国国防部、美国情报界、美国国际媒体署、美国环境保护署、教育体系、美国能源部、美国内政部、美国商务部、美国国土安全部、美国财政部、美联储、联邦贸易委员会等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4918, "txt": "这些目标涉及多个行政机构，包括美国国际开发署、美国国务院、美国白宫、美国司法部、美国国防部、美国情报界、美国国际媒体署、美国环境保护署、教育体系、美国能源部、美国内政部、美国商务部、美国国土安全部、美国财政部、美联储、联邦贸易委员会等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span[6]/font/span[1]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "例如完成的目标计划包括：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4920, "txt": "例如完成的", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span[7]/font/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4922, "txt": "目标", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span[8]/font/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4924, "txt": "计划", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span[9]/font/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4926, "txt": "包括：", "x": 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"/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[1]/li[17]/p/span[2]/font/span/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "禁止为军队提供资金以前往州外接受堕胎护理。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4994, "txt": "禁止为军队提供资金以前往州外接受堕胎护理", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[1]/li[18]/p/span[1]/font/span/span"}, {"position_id": 4996, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[1]/li[18]/p/span[2]/font/span/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "恢复墨西哥城（堕胎禁言规则）政策。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4998, "txt": "恢复墨西哥城（堕胎禁言规则）政策", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[1]/li[19]/p/span[1]/font/span/span"}, {"position_id": 5000, "txt": "。", "x": 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#### 其中完成的项目有： #### 未启动的计划： ### 美国白宫 #### 其中完成的目标计划有： #### 正在进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国司法部（DOJ） #### 其中完成的目标计划有： #### 正在进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的项目： ### 美国国防部（DOD） #### 其中完成的目标计划有： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国情报界（IC） #### 其中完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国国际媒体署（USAGM） #### 完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划 ### 美国环境保护署（EPA） #### 完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 教育部 #### 完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国能源部（DOE） #### 完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国内政部（DOI） #### 完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国商务部 #### 完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国国土安全部（DHS） #### 完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国财政部（DOT） #### 完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国卫生与公众服务部（HHS） #### 完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国交通部 #### 完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国劳动部 #### 完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 证券交易委员会（SEC） #### 完成的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国疾病预防与控制中心（CDC） #### 完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国退伍军人事务部（VA） #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国农业部 #### 完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 美国住房和城市发展部（HUD） #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 人事部 #### 完成的目标计划： #### 进行中的目标计划： #### 未启动的目标计划： ### 目前只有1个项目在进行的部门 ### 医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心（CMS） ### 联邦通信委员会（FCC） ### 联邦选举委员会（FEC） ### 美联储 ### 联邦贸易委员会（FTC） ### 小企业管理局（SBA） ### 食品和药物管理局(FDA) ### 国立卫生研究院(NIH)
8c793360-c0e4-4c5f-83aa-505d91b6dd8c	web	test/raw_web_htmls/8c793360-c0e4-4c5f-83aa-505d91b6dd8c.html	https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/i3x0igZ_eteG6_HeBg_ybg	{"entry_id": "8c793360-c0e4-4c5f-83aa-505d91b6dd8c", "infos": [{"txt": "谁是中国AI的绊脚石？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "谁是中国AI的绊脚石？", "x": ""}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 谁是中国AI的绊脚石？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 213, "txt": "\n \n谁是中国AI的绊脚石？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "中国的AI，是遥遥领先还是大幅落后？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 215, "txt": "中国的AI，是遥遥领先还是大幅落后？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[1]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "前两天读到一篇文章，人家说了，落后！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 217, "txt": "前两天", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 219, "txt": "读到一篇文章，人家说了，落后！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "落后多少呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 221, "txt": "落后多少呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "还有个定量答案：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 222, "txt": "还有个定量答案：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "十年！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 223, "txt": "十年！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "哪儿落后呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 224, "txt": "哪儿", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 226, "txt": "落后呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 7, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有五大误区。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 228, "txt": "有五大误区。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "再一瞧作者，是某资深记者，长江商学院校友。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 230, "txt": "再一瞧作者，是某资深记者，长江商学院校友。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有人说，不对！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 232, "txt": "有人说，不对！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我听某高科技中专生说，中国的AI，那是全方位领先，领先多少年呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 233, "txt": "我听某高科技中专生说，中国的AI，那是全方位领先，领先多少年呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一、二、三......扒了袜子都数不出来了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 234, "txt": "一、二、三......扒了袜子都数不出来了。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，还有个跟番茄成精似的大佬，在金融业务和家庭纠纷之余，热衷于定量计算人类何时进入AGI时代，以及开源和不开源的情形下，要多长时间能跟上。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 236, "txt": "此外，还有个跟番茄成精似的大佬，在金融业务和家庭纠纷之余，热衷于定量计算人类何时进入AGI时代，以及开源和不开源的情形下，要多长时间能跟上。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那么，他们到底谁说的对？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 238, "txt": "那么，他们到底谁说的对？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "外行忙着凑热闹", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 240, "txt": "外行忙着凑热闹", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "先说答案，选D：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 242, "txt": "先说答案，选D：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以上说法都不对。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 243, "txt": "以上说法都不对。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "或者说句文言：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 244, "txt": "或者说句文言：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "都是扯淡！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 245, "txt": "都是扯淡！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "为什么这么说，您看看发言这些位馊干零碎儿，跟AI有个毛关系？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 247, "txt": "为什么这么说，您看看发言这些位馊干零碎儿，跟AI有个毛关系？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不就是仗着有点粉丝，靠着幽门螺杆菌的助力，顺着口气，喊就得了呗！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 248, "txt": "不就是仗着有点粉丝，靠着幽门螺杆菌的助力，顺着口气，喊就得了呗！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[8]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这就是中国AI舆论圈儿的现状。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 250, "txt": "这就是中国AI舆论圈儿的现状。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对此，以前微软研究院的M老师有个准确的评价，大致意思是：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 252, "txt": "对此，以前微软研究院的M老师有个准确的评价，大致意思是：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "甭管是大喊遥遥领先的还是大幅落后的，都是一群连高中解析几何都理解不了的无关人士。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 254, "txt": "甭管是大喊遥遥领先的还是大幅落后的，都是一群连高中解析几何都理解不了的无关人士。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他们说的结论，无非就相当于你在世界杯球场上猜谁夺冠，可猜中了又有啥价值呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 256, "txt": "他们说的结论，无非就相当于你在世界杯球场上猜谁夺冠，可猜中了又有啥价值呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "人家那冠军领你的情吗？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 258, "txt": "人家那冠军领你的情吗？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]/span[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "没错，这些都是外行啊！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 260, "txt": "没错，这些都是外行啊！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "就像郭德纲说的，相声演员讨论火箭发射用什么煤一样，人家火箭专家瞧一眼都算输！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 261, "txt": "就像郭德纲说的，相声演员讨论火箭发射用什么煤一样，人家火箭专家瞧一眼都算输！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这就好比我们老家有几位老人，晚上酒足饭饱，蹲在村头来上一袋旱烟，开始畅聊黑洞啥时候把地球吸进去的问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 263, "txt": "这就好比我们老家有几位老人，晚上酒足饭", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[12]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 265, "txt": "饱，蹲在村头来上一袋旱烟，开始畅聊黑洞啥时候把地球吸进去的问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[12]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "你说，哪位老先生说的对呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 267, "txt": "你说，哪位老先生说的对呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[12]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/49cT7h3aQSa62MAjt436DPLC.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 92, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/49cT7h3aQSa62MAjt436DPLC.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[13]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "当然，只要嘴硬一直猜，就算是章鱼，也能出一条神机妙算的保罗。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 269, "txt": "当然，只要嘴硬一直猜，就算是章鱼，也能出一条神机妙算的保罗。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[14]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "咱们拿股市做个比方，大盘，那无非就是涨跌两个可能，十天就是1024种可能；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 271, "txt": "咱们拿股市做个比方，大盘，那无非就是涨跌两个可能，十天就是1024种可能；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[15]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "股评人可是一抬脚踩死一片，但凡有几千个自媒体号，那很可能有一个十天都蒙对的，这不就是股神了么！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 272, "txt": "股评人可是一抬脚踩死一片，但凡有几千个自媒体号，那很可能有一个十天都蒙对的，这不就是股神了么！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[15]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "AI也是一样，你就闭着眼睛蒙，说AGI哪年能实现，中国多少年都追不上，蒙对了就成了行业引路人，蒙错了呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 274, "txt": "AI也是一样，你就闭着眼睛蒙，说AGI哪年能实现，中国多少年都追不上，蒙对了就成了", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[16]/span"}, {"position_id": 276, "txt": "行业引路人，蒙错了呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[16]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "蒙错了你把我怎么样？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 277, "txt": "蒙错了你把我怎么样？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[16]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "反正我这粉丝都涨上去了，谁还管那个去！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 278, "txt": "反正我这粉丝都涨上去了，谁还管那个去！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[16]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那位说了，你别瞎喷，这些人我看怎么也算是科技圈的吧，瞧瞧人家那粉丝数量，人家那财富规模，岂是你这样的二手科学家可以置喙？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 280, "txt": "那位说了，你别瞎喷，这些人我看怎么也算是科技圈的吧，瞧瞧人家那粉丝数量，人家那财富规模，岂是你这样的二手科学家可以置喙？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[17]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其实，现代科学精细的分工程度，让“科技圈”这样的说法，几乎已经没什么意义。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 282, "txt": "其实，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[18]/span"}, {"position_id": 284, "txt": "现代科学精细的分工程度，让“科技圈”这样的说法，几乎已经没什么意义。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[18]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "哪怕是同在计算机这个大行业，AI算法的顶级专家，对半导体制程的了解，那也跟央视的记者或者德云社的演员差不多，都是些道听途说的记问之学罢了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 286, "txt": "哪怕是同在计算机这个大行业，AI算法的顶级专家，对半导体制程的了解，那也跟央视的记者或者德云社的演员差不多，都是些道听途说的记问之学罢了。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[18]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种现象，还有一句俗语来描述：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 287, "txt": "这种现象，还有一句俗语来描述：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[18]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "科学家的肚儿，是杂货铺！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 288, "txt": "科学家的肚儿，是杂货铺！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[18]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "可是，这帮外行真有流量啊！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 290, "txt": "可是，这帮外行真有流量啊！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[19]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以，他们说中国的AI落后几泡尿的工夫，或者领先到根本就不应该搭理那帮老外，可真有吃瓜群众信啊！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 291, "txt": "所以，他们说中国的AI落后几泡尿的工夫，或者领先到根本就不应该搭理那帮老外，可真有吃瓜群众信啊！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[19]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而且观点越极端，信的人也越多，进而甚至会掀起强大的群众舆论，或捧杀，或棒杀，似乎AI圈子的一线工作者不按这些大V指点的江山来，那就是历史的罪人，人民的公敌！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 292, "txt": "而且观点越极端，信的人也越多，进而甚至会掀起强大的群众舆论，或捧杀，或棒杀，似乎AI圈子的一线工作者不按这些大V指点的江山来，那就是历史的罪人，人民的公敌！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[19]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以，这些外行大V，才是中国AI的真正绊脚石！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 294, "txt": "所以，这些外行大V，才是中国AI的真正绊脚石！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[20]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "内行都在看问题", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 296, "txt": "内行都在看问题", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[21]/strong/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "说完了外行，再聊聊内行。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 298, "txt": "说完了外行，再聊聊内行。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[22]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "你说这些大V都是外行，那内行都干嘛呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 300, "txt": "你说这些大V都是外行，那", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[23]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 302, "txt": "内行都干嘛呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[23]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其实，中国有很多优秀的AI工程师和科学家，我也认得一些。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 303, "txt": "其实，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[23]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 305, "txt": "中国有很多优秀的AI工程师和科学家，我也认得一些。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[23]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "人家但凡有点儿正事干，也就没工夫搭理这些博流量的外行。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 307, "txt": "人家但凡有点儿正事干，也就没工夫搭理这些博流量的外行。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[23]/span[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他们日常考虑的，都是非常具体的技术问题，模型怎么演进，算力怎么优化，数据怎么清洗。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 309, "txt": "他们日常考虑的，都是非常具体的技术问题，模型怎么演进，算力怎么优化，数据怎么清洗。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[24]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "毕竟要追赶先进水平，需要的是解决一个又一个的技术难题，而不是叼着十渠沉思教育科研体制怎么改进。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 310, "txt": "毕竟要追赶先进水平，需要的是解决一个又一个的技术难题，而不是叼着十渠沉思教育科研体制怎么改进。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[24]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那么，能不能让内行来说说，中国的AI领先或者落后多少年？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 312, "txt": "那么，能不能让内行来说说，中国的AI", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[25]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 314, "txt": "领先或者落后多少年？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[25]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对不起，这本身就是个神学问题，对人家既不重要，也没法预测。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 315, "txt": "对不起，这本身就是个神学问题，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[25]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 317, "txt": "对人家既不重要，也没法预测。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[25]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因为，科研的事儿，最重要的规律就是不确定性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 319, "txt": "因为，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[26]/span"}, {"position_id": 321, "txt": "科研的事儿，最重要的规律就是不确定性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[26]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "咱们拿谷歌来说吧，在AI圈独领风骚那么多年，几乎所有的底层技术都是人家先搞的，怎么就一夜之间让OpenAI抄了后路，瞬间落后了呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 323, "txt": "咱们拿谷歌来说吧，在AI圈独领风骚那么多年，几乎所有的底层技术都是人家先搞的，怎么就一夜之间让OpenAI抄了后路，瞬间落后了呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[26]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "谷歌是不是应该反思呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 324, "txt": "谷歌是不是应该反思呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[26]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "是文化的泯灭，还是体制的沦丧呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 326, "txt": "是文化的泯灭，还是体制的沦丧呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[26]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "反思个六！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 328, "txt": "反思个六！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[27]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这是搞科研，不是排队买煎饼！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 329, "txt": "这是搞科研，不是排队买煎饼！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[27]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "要是谁来的早就一定先吃上，那用不着科学家，我们小区保安就能干！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 330, "txt": "要是谁来的早就一定先吃上，那用不着科学家，我们小区保安就能干！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[27]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有反思那个功夫，不如好好关注关注技术层面，搞清楚对手到底有了啥新突破，自己的技术路线哪里走不通，这才是科研工作者应有的态度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 331, "txt": "有反思那个功夫，不如好好关注关注技术层面，搞清楚对手到底有了啥新突破，自己的技术路线哪里走不通，这才是科研工作者应有的态度。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[27]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3CbUis1LjgEr1ML7du3Jdokh.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 136, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3CbUis1LjgEr1ML7du3Jdokh.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[28]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "顺便说一句，其实，谷歌被OpenAI超车这事来说，关键的原因并不是大公司不思进取，而是藏在60年代的一篇论文里。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 333, "txt": "顺便说一句，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[29]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 335, "txt": "其实，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[29]/span[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 337, "txt": "谷歌被OpenAI超车这事来说，关键的原因并不是大公司不思进取，而是藏在60年代的一篇论文里。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[29]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对此，我们准备做一次专题讨论，请出一位神秘大咖，专门聊聊这个话题！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 339, "txt": "对此，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[29]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 341, "txt": "我们准备做一次专题讨论，请出一位神秘大咖，专门聊聊这个话题！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[29]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "大家可以去视频号或小宇宙关注@北冥乘海生。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 342, "txt": "大家可以去视频号或小宇宙关注@北冥乘海生。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[29]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其实，AI圈的现状，也并不是中美之间互为假想敌PK，而是OpenAI和Anthropic算第一梯队，其他公司都落后一个身位。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 344, "txt": "其实，A", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[30]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 346, "txt": "I圈的现状，也并不是中美之间互为假想敌PK，而是OpenAI和Anthropic", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[30]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 348, "txt": "算第一梯队，其他公司都落后一个身位。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[30]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不过，这也没必要气馁：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 350, "txt": "不过，这也没必要气馁：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "十年看起来无所作为的OpenAI能一飞冲天，谁敢说没人能后来居上？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 351, "txt": "十年看起来无所作为的OpenAI能一飞冲天，谁敢说没人能后来居上？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "可是，后来居上的必要条件，是聚焦技术，解决问题，不是哲学层面的空想和反思。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 352, "txt": "可是，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span"}, {"position_id": 354, "txt": "后来居上的必要条件，是聚焦技术，解决问题，不是哲学层面的空想和反思。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "就像刘国梁还是哪位说的，想拿世界冠军，任何时候想得都得是下一个球怎么打，而不是离领奖台还有多远！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 356, "txt": "就像刘国梁还是哪位说的，想拿世界冠军，任何时候想得都得是下一个球怎么打，而不是离领奖台还有多远！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当然，AI火了，圈子也是鱼龙混杂，并不是所有的从业者，都是严谨踏实的科研工作者，有些人就是等着人家开了源套个皮，然后从身体中后偏下部位发出一声低沉的嘶吼：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 358, "txt": "当然，AI火了，圈子也是鱼龙混杂，并不是所有的从业者，都是严谨踏实的科研工作者，有些人就是等着人家开了源套个皮，然后从身体中后偏下部位发出一声低沉的嘶吼：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[32]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我遥遥领先了！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 359, "txt": "我遥遥领先了！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[32]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些伪科学家，与指点江山的网红专家们，可谓一时瑜亮，趁着AI的东风，把自己包装成一代松狮。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 361, "txt": "这些伪科学家，与指点江山的网红专家们，可谓一时瑜亮，趁着AI的东风，把自己包装成一代松狮。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[33]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "@-@", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 363, "txt": "@-@", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[34]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在今天的中国，AI几乎成了好声音一样的娱乐话题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 365, "txt": "在今天的中国，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 367, "txt": "AI几乎成了好声音一样的娱乐话题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，热情归热情，我们得知道，这实在不是一个没人都能指点上积聚的话题，靠三万个臭皮匠天天开会，也不会商量出什么有意义的办法。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 368, "txt": "然而，热情归热情，我们得知道，这实在不是一个没人都能指点上积聚的话题，靠三万个臭皮匠天天开会，也不会商量出什么有意义的办法。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "正经人不愿意说，所以那些伪装成专家的网红大V们就占领了舆论高地，歇斯底里的咬住一个结论不松嘴。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 370, "txt": "正经人不愿意说，所以那些伪装成专家的网红大V们就占领了舆论高地，歇斯底里的咬住一个结论不松嘴。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[36]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而真正令人担心也是，正常的科研工作，以及政策导向，反而会被他们带偏了节奏。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 371, "txt": "而", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[36]/span"}, {"position_id": 373, "txt": "真正令人担心也是，正常", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[36]/span/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 375, "txt": "的科研工作，以及政策导向，反而会被他们带偏了", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[36]/span/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 377, "txt": "节奏。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[36]/span/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那再看到这路天天喊中国AI遥遥领先，或者彻底落后的大V应该怎么办？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 379, "txt": "那再看到这路天天喊中国AI遥遥领先，或者彻底落后的大V应该怎么办？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我教你个办法，找张草纸把他们都捏出去！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 380, "txt": "我教你个办法，找张草纸把他们都捏出去！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 计算广告 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 382, "txt": "\n 计算广告 ", "x": "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 谁是中国AI的绊脚石？ ## 外行忙着凑热闹 ## 内行都在看问题 ## @-@
184c2d8a-7023-4bc2-bd0c-ca6b7ac48edc	web	test/raw_web_htmls/184c2d8a-7023-4bc2-bd0c-ca6b7ac48edc.html	https://www.huxiu.com/article/4150020.html?f=rss	{"entry_id": "184c2d8a-7023-4bc2-bd0c-ca6b7ac48edc", "infos": [{"txt": "没有教科书的职业教育探索", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "没有教科书的职业教育探索", "x": ""}]}, "tags": [], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3zoLti1MDoXW1WzEjB5REcd.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 132, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3zoLti1MDoXW1WzEjB5REcd.png", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "第一次站上讲台前，门老师控制不住地紧张。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 457, "txt": "第一次站上讲台前，门老师控制不住地紧张。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "她摘掉眼镜，用眼前的模糊缓解内心的不安：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 458, "txt": "她摘掉眼镜，用眼前的模糊缓解内心的不安：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“只要看不清就不怕了。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 459, "txt": "“只要看不清就不怕了。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "相似的，怀着忐忑的心情，同为职业教育新手老师的小罗开始了她的第一节“大学课堂”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 461, "txt": "相似的，怀着忐忑的心情，同为职业教育新手老师的小罗开始了她的第一节“大学课堂”。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "与学生保持的“默契的好奇”给了她信心，小罗踌躇满志地期待在职业教育领域“大干一场”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 462, "txt": "与学生保持的“默契的好奇”给了她信心，小罗踌躇满志地期待在职业教育领域“大干一场”。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但她很快发现，学生们很少显露出学习的欲望，校园里培训制度、管理制度中的种种缺陷也令她倍感彷徨。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 463, "txt": "但她很快发现，", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[3]"}, {"position_id": 465, "txt": "学生们很少显露出学习的欲望，校园里培训制度、管理制度中的种种缺陷也令她倍感彷徨。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[3]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 7, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“之前有一句很流行的话——脱不下的孔乙己的长衫。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 467, "txt": "“之前有一句很流行的话——脱不下的孔乙己的长衫。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我觉得职业教育可以填补这一方面的空白。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 468, "txt": "我觉得职业教育可以填补这一方面的空白。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在小罗眼中，职教学生“长衫”更容易脱下，如果学生们能在毕业后有更多成就，或许能改变社会学历至上的刻板印象。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 469, "txt": 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"label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "怀揣着教育理想的新人教师们尝试改变，但在变革的洪流中，仍在被浪潮裹挟、拍打。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 476, "txt": "怀揣着教育理想的新人教师们尝试改变，但在变革的洪流中，仍在被浪潮裹挟、拍打。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[7]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "水土不服", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 478, "txt": "水土不服", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[9]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "进入家乡附近的一所职业技术学校任教前，小罗积累了丰富的教学经验：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 480, "txt": "进入家乡附近的一所职业技术学校任教前，小罗积累了丰富的教学经验：", "x": 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{"atoms": [{"position_id": 484, "txt": "然而，在面对如今任教的职校的学生时，经验丰富的她依然有些手足无措。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "绊住她的首先是教材。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 486, "txt": "绊住她的首先是教材。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "与非职业教育不同，职教教材只需符合《职业院校教材管理办法》的规定，各大职校有权自主编纂部分科目的校本教材。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 487, "txt": "与非职业教育不同，职教教材只需符合《职业院校教材管理办法》的规定，", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]"}, {"position_id": 489, "txt": "各大职校有权自主编纂部分科目的校本教材。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小罗解释说，因为不同地区的学生水平参差不齐，自编教材更能考虑到不同院校学生的知识基础，且能与专业所对应的产业同时更新，从而进行更有针对性的教学。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 491, "txt": "小罗解释说，因为不同地区的学生水平参差不齐，自编教材更能考虑到不同院校学生的知识基础，且能与专业所对应的产业同时更新，从而进行更有针对性的教学。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[15]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但这一规定实践起来并不理想。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 493, "txt": "但这一规定实践起来并不理想。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不同于普通本科教育，职校更注重学生技术与实践培养。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 494, "txt": "不同于普通本科教育，职校更注重学生技术与实践培养。", 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"/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[21]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，最需为学生实践能力打下基础的校园作用却是十分有限，“我们基本是利用假期时间去实习，学校内一般没有什么机会（实践）的。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 513, "txt": "然而，最需为学生实践能力打下基础的校园作用却是十分有限，", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[21]/span"}, {"position_id": 515, "txt": "“我们基本是利用假期时间去实习，学校内一般没有什么机会", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[21]/strong"}, {"position_id": 517, "txt": "（实践）", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[21]/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 519, "txt": "的。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[21]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小雪说。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 521, "txt": "小雪说。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[21]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小罗老师开设的是公共语文课程。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 523, "txt": "小罗老师开设的是公共语文课程。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[23]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尽管与小生老师教授的专业课课程性质不同，她也在为教学所困扰。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 524, "txt": "尽管与小生老师教授的专业课课程性质不同，她也在为教学所困扰。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[23]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "备课时，小罗便发现，教材内容多有小学及初中课本中已出现的文章。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 526, "txt": "备课时，小罗便发现，教材内容多有小学及初中课本中已出现的文章。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "果不其然，在上课时，与讲台上自己的热情洋溢不同，她明显感受到台下学生普遍的疲倦神游。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 527, "txt": "果不其然，在上课时，与讲台上自己的热情洋溢不同，她明显感受到台下学生普遍的疲倦神游。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "她叫来部分同学，从学生口中得到了“这些内容我们早就听过、看过了”的反馈。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 528, "txt": "她叫来部分同学，从学生口中得到了“这些内容我们早就听过、看过了”的反馈。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小罗的热情并没有被浇灭。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 530, "txt": "小罗的热情并没有被浇灭。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "相反的，她更用功备课，尝试将旧内容讲得有趣些，尽可能在课堂上抢回学生的注意力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 531, "txt": "相反的，她更用功备课，尝试将旧内容讲得有趣些，尽可能在课堂上抢回学生的注意力。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，当她再次从黑板前期待地回眸，扫视过安静沉闷的教室，依旧只能看到几片头顶，或者映出手机荧光屏幕的半张脸——高昂的讲课声难以掩盖她此刻内心的挫败。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 532, "txt": "然而，当她再次从黑板前期待地回眸，扫视过安静沉闷的教室，依旧只能看到几片头顶，或者映出手机荧光屏幕的半张脸——高昂的讲课声难以掩盖她此刻内心的挫败。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“只讲这些东西我会觉得对不起他们。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 534, "txt": "“只讲这些东西我会觉得对不起他们。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "抛开挫败感，还有层层的责任感压向小罗的内心——我能不能真正讲点对学生有用的？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 535, "txt": "抛开挫败感，还有层层的责任感压向小罗的内心——我能不能真正讲点对学生有用的？", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "期末考核拦在她与理想课堂之间。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 537, "txt": "期末考核拦在她与理想课堂之间。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[31]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "由于小罗所教授的课程是一门公共课，考核由多名开设此课程的老师共同出卷。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 538, "txt": "由于小罗所教授的课程是一门公共课，考核由多名开设此课程的老师共同出卷。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[31]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，若她授课时丢弃考纲内的内容，学生们所掌握的内容便难以应付考试，这对她的学生不公平；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 539, "txt": "因此，若她授课时丢弃考纲内的内容，学生们所掌握的内容便难以应付考试，这对她的学生不公平；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[31]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但就因她一人的拓展去改变整体题目，又会对其他班级的同学不公平。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 540, "txt": "但就因她一人的拓展去改变整体题目，又会对其他班级的同学不公平。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[31]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "她逐渐发现，理想的教学状态和现实情况之间产生了不可逾越的鸿沟，原本构建好的教学内容全部被打乱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 542, "txt": "她逐渐发现，", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[33]"}, {"position_id": 544, "txt": "理想的教学状态和现实情况之间产生了不可逾越的鸿沟", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[33]/strong"}, {"position_id": 546, "txt": "，原本构建好的教学内容全部被打乱。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[33]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "初来乍到，老师们或许紧张、兴奋。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 547, "txt": "初来乍到，老师们或许紧张、兴奋。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[33]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随着困难浮出水面，他们后知后觉，自己的理想“水土不服”了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 548, "txt": "随着困难浮出水面，他们后知后觉，自己的理想“水土不服”了。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[33]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如何度过不麻木的一生？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 550, "txt": "如何度过不麻木的一生？", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[35]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "“我没有去过职校，也没有上过职校。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 552, "txt": "“我没有去过职校，也没有上过职校。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些学生是我从来没有接触过的一个群体。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 554, "txt": "这些学生是我从来没有接触过的一个群体。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]/strong"}, {"position_id": 556, "txt": "”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "学生情况的特殊性，是小生“水土不服”的原因之一。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 557, "txt": "学生情况的特殊性，是小生“水土不服”的原因之一。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[37]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "大多数人对职校的印象停留在技校与大专。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 559, "txt": "大多数人对职校的印象停留在技校与大专。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "《中华人民共和国职业教育法》规定，职业学校教育分为中等职业学校教育、高等职业学校教育（以下简称中职、高职）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 560, "txt": "《中华人民共和国职业教育法》规定，职业学校教育分为中等职业学校教育、高等职业学校教育", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[39]"}, {"position_id": 562, "txt": "（以下简称中职、高职）", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[39]/span"}, {"position_id": 564, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[39]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通俗来讲，人们印象中的职高、中专、技工院校，包括一些开设专升本招生的本科学校也属于职业教育的范畴。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 565, "txt": "通俗来讲，人们印象中的职高、中专、技工院校，包括一些开设专升本招生的本科学校也属于职业教育的范畴。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[39]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "职校也有民办与公办之分。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 567, "txt": "职校也有民办与公办之分。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "公办职校由政府出资兴办和管理；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 568, "txt": "公办职校由政府出资兴办和管理；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "企业、教育机构、社会组织等开办的学校，即为民办职校。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 569, "txt": "企业、教育机构、社会组织等开办的学校，即为民办职校。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "无论是民办还是公办，大部分学生都需要通过考试升学来获取入学资格。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 570, "txt": "无论是民办还是公办，大部分学生都需要通过考试升学来获取入学资格。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在中职与高职两个层级下，中职以中考成绩为主要录取依据，辅以少量单招名额；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 572, "txt": "在中职与高职两个层级下，中职以中考成绩为主要录取依据，辅以少量单招名额；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "高职则通过普通高考、高职单招或中职对口招生（仅限中职毕业生）三种渠道选拔。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 573, "txt": "高职则通过普通高考、高职单招或中职对口招生", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[43]"}, {"position_id": 575, "txt": "（仅限中职毕业生）", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[43]/span"}, {"position_id": 577, "txt": "三种渠道选拔。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[43]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "职校生的升学路径较为多元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 579, "txt": "职校生的升学路径较为多元。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[45]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一般情况下，除艺术体育特长生外，学生可选择对口招生考试、高职单招或直接参加普通高考进行升学。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 581, "txt": "一般情况下，除艺术体育特长生外，学生可选择对口招生考试、高职单招或直接参加普通高考进行升学。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[45]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其中较为特殊的是五年制高职（“3+2”学制），这类项目实行中高职贯通培养，学生毕业即可获取全日制大专文凭。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 582, "txt": "其中较为特殊的是五年制高职", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[45]/strong"}, {"position_id": 584, "txt": "（“3+2”学制）", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[45]/span"}, 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"/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[47]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "普高与职校生升学路径，图源小红书@张老师讲中考", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 589, "txt": "普高与职校生升学路径，图源小红书@张老师讲中考", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[48]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "相较于考入普高或普通本科的学生，被分流到职校的学生经常被视作失败且顽劣的差等生。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 591, "txt": "相较于考入普高或普通本科的学生，被分流到职校的学生经常被视作失败且顽劣的差等生。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[50]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但在小生看来，职校环境并不像网络上流传的那般混乱：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 592, "txt": "但在小生看来，职校环境并不像网络上流传的那般混乱：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[50]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“大部分学生很乖，就是一个正常的大学生。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 594, "txt": "“大部分学生很乖，就是一个正常的大学生。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[50]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小罗也为积极向上的学生感到欣慰，“有学生和我说，她觉得自己都听懂了，有一种学霸的感觉。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 596, "txt": "小罗也为积极向上的学生感到欣慰，“有学生和我说，她觉得自己都听懂了，有一种学霸的感觉。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[50]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不过，相处时间长了，一些学生的不良习惯逐渐暴露——有人上课途中随意接打电话，或者打断课堂和老师开不合时宜的玩笑。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 598, "txt": "不过，相处时间长了，一些学生的不良习惯逐渐暴露——有人上课途中随意接打电话，或者打断课堂和老师开不合时宜的玩笑。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[52]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小罗提到，她经常能在教室看到公共课桌塞满了吃剩下的食品塑料袋，天气冷的时候，学生们习惯将棉衣一股脑塞进有零食油渣残余的桌洞，空气中混杂着刺激性食物的味道和学生身上焐出的汗腥气。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 599, "txt": "小罗提到，她经常能在教室看到公共课桌塞满了吃剩下的食品塑料袋，天气冷的时候，学生们习惯将棉衣一股脑塞进有零食油渣残余的桌洞，空气中混杂着刺激性食物的味道和学生身上焐出的汗腥气。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[52]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "面对这群生活习惯较差与纪律松散的学生，学校选择用制度铸起规则的铜墙铁壁。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 601, "txt": "面对这群生活习惯较差与纪律松散的学生，学校选择用制度铸起规则的铜墙铁壁。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[54]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小雪提到，无论在职业高中还是大专，她都被严格查寝、收手机，还需要按时上晚自习、按照时间表跑操，一些学校甚至对学生出入校园的权利进行限制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 602, "txt": "小雪提到，无论在职业高中还是大专，她都被严格查寝、收手机，还需要按时上晚自习、按照时间表跑操，一些学校甚至对学生出入校园的权利进行限制。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[54]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“有时候我们周末时候想出校外聚餐放松，还得掐着时间回来点到。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 603, "txt": "“有时候我们周末时候想出校外聚餐放松，还得掐着时间回来点到。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[54]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "目前已经大二的职校学生小雪无奈道。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 604, "txt": "目前已经大二的职校学生小雪无奈道。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[54]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但这些管控措施只能约束到本就乖巧的学生，一些学生并不在乎校方的惩罚，他们或是家中早有安排出路，或是做了直接就业的决定。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 606, "txt": "但这些管控措施只能约束到本就乖巧的学生，", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[56]"}, {"position_id": 608, "txt": "一些学生并不在乎校方的惩罚，", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[56]/strong"}, {"position_id": 610, "txt": "他们或是家中早有安排出路，或是做了直接就业的决定。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[56]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在职校的选拔规则之外，他们早就确定了未来的道路。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 611, "txt": "在职校的选拔规则之外，他们早就确定了未来的道路。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[56]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“他们想得很直接，我问他们对什么感兴趣，（他们回答）就是能赚多少钱。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 613, "txt": "“他们想得很直接，我问他们对什么感兴趣，", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[58]"}, {"position_id": 615, "txt": "（他们回答）", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[58]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 617, "txt": "就是能赚多少钱。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[58]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小罗说。", "language": 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[{"position_id": 625, "txt": "当深造无法给这部分学生带来价值时，他们自然不会选择这条道路。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[58]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "并非所有学生都有放弃学业的果断，绝大多数学生仍然只有通过学习，才能靠近更好的未来。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 627, "txt": "并非所有学生都有放弃学业的果断，绝大多数学生仍然只有通过学习，才能靠近更好的未来。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[60]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以，他们从职高时期就需努力提分，争取少之又少的本科名额；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 628, "txt": "所以，他们从职高时期就需努力提分，争取少之又少的本科名额；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[60]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "进入专科学校的学生，也有相当一部分人计划着专升本。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 629, "txt": "进入专科学校的学生，也有相当一部分人计划着专升本。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[60]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小雪的父母想得远一些。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 631, "txt": "小雪的父母想得远一些。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[62]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“他们自己吃过没文化的亏。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 632, "txt": "“他们自己吃过没文化的亏。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[62]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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{"txt": "小罗说，“但我又希望他不仅仅不是文盲。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 655, "txt": "小罗说，“但我又希望他不仅仅不是文盲。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[73]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "除了知识外，小罗也希望给他们带来变得成熟的机会，无论是否继续深造，都能构筑起工作必需的、解决问题的基础思维。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 656, "txt": "除了知识外，小罗也希望给他们带来变得成熟的机会，", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[73]"}, {"position_id": 658, "txt": "无论是否继续深造，都能构筑起工作必需的、解决问题的基础思维。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[73]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "她想要的不只是学生的成绩。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 660, "txt": "她想要的不只是学生的成绩。", "x": 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"同时，校内人员流动十分频繁，很多在职时间长的教师并不注重课堂，上课只是简单地复读幻灯片内容；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 695, "txt": "同时，校内人员流动十分频繁，很多在职时间长的教师并不注重课堂，上课只是简单地复读幻灯片内容；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[89]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "更有一些老师仅仅把职校任职经历当作跳板，积累经验后便跳槽了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 696, "txt": "更有一些老师仅仅把职校任职经历当作跳板，积累经验后便跳槽了。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[89]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“今天学校给我算了五险一金。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 698, "txt": "“今天学校给我算了五险一金。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[91]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", 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"身心劳累和低微待遇的双重压力令她萌生离开的念头，“现在是一点也干不下去了。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 705, "txt": "身心劳累和低微待遇的双重压力令她萌生离开的念头，“现在是一点也干不下去了。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "她时常发出这样的感叹。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 706, "txt": "她时常发出这样的感叹。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "公立学校的校园体系建设也并不完善，有很多在政策扶持下新修建的学校，正面临着辅导员缺乏、讲师身兼多职、设备陈旧、校园管理方式严苛等问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 708, "txt": "公立学校的校园体系建设也并不完善，有很多在政策扶持下新修建的学校，正面临着辅导员缺乏、讲师身兼多职、设备陈旧、校园管理方式严苛等问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[95]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": 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"tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小生目前被委任为一个班级的班主任，他无奈地说：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 723, "txt": "小生目前被委任为一个班级的班主任，他无奈地说：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[102]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“有时真的挺累的，教学压力很大，学生问题也不少。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 724, "txt": "“有时真的挺累的，教学压力很大，学生问题也不少。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[102]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "任职过程中，他发现最大的问题就是学生的心理问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 726, "txt": "任职过程中，他发现最大的问题就是", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[104]"}, {"position_id": 728, "txt": "学生的心理问题", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[104]/strong"}, {"position_id": 730, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[104]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“我的班上有很多同学有抑郁心理。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 731, "txt": "“我的班上有很多同学有抑郁心理。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[104]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小生说。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 732, "txt": "小生说。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[104]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他也提到，由于心理辅导员的缺乏，学校只能把定期的心理访谈工作交由班主任和辅导员共同负责。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 733, "txt": "他也提到，由于心理辅导员的缺乏，学校只能把定期的心理访谈工作交由班主任和辅导员共同负责。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[104]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但当他深入访谈学生时发现，学生的防备心理极强，不敢对班主任敞开心扉，这令他无奈又烦躁。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 734, "txt": "但当他深入访谈学生时发现，学生的防备心理极强，不敢对班主任敞开心扉，这令他无奈又烦躁。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[104]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小生坦言：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 735, "txt": "小生坦言：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[104]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“我只是班主任，其实我感觉不到这样的访谈能对学生（的心理健康）产生什么特别的作用。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 736, "txt": "“我只是班主任，其实我感觉不到这样的访谈能对学生", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[104]/strong"}, {"position_id": 738, "txt": "（的心理健康）", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[104]/span"}, {"position_id": 740, "txt": "产生什么特别的作用。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[104]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "再者，是教师培训资源的紧缺。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 742, "txt": "再者，是教师培训资源的紧缺。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[106]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "门老师的学校会在教师第一堂课前进行培训，叮嘱老师教学细节；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 743, "txt": "门老师的学校会在教师第一堂课前进行培训，叮嘱老师教学细节；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[106]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小生所在的学校有“老人带新人”的制度：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 744, "txt": "小生所在的学校有“老人带新人”的制度：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[106]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“有些老导师会很认真负责教你很多东西，有时候如果你关注的内容和他们相同，他们也会主动帮助你，就可以很快速地成长。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 745, "txt": "“有些老导师会很认真负责教你很多东西，有时候如果你关注的内容和他们相同，他们也会主动帮助你，就可以很快速地成长。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[106]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "作为新人，他们是“幸运”的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 746, "txt": "作为新人，他们是“幸运”的。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[106]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3sfhXJ4sXoyc4wiadz4fl6wB.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 370, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3sfhXJ4sXoyc4wiadz4fl6wB.png", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[108]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "小生旁听老教师讲课，图源受访者", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 748, "txt": "小生旁听老教师讲课，图源受访者", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[109]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "并非所有的学校都有健全的教师培养体系，相较之下，小罗的学校只会偶尔组织一些培训讲座。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 750, "txt": "并非所有的学校都有健全的教师培养体系，相较之下，小罗的学校只会偶尔组织一些培训讲座。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[111]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些培训缺乏连续性，校方鲜少进行主题和内容的规划，故而每次精致包装的培训内容总有与上次讲座重复的部分，这也导致许多参加培训的老师只是签个到就匆匆离开。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 751, "txt": "这些培训缺乏连续性，校方鲜少进行主题和内容的规划，故而每次精致包装的培训内容总有与上次讲座重复的部分，这也导致许多参加培训的老师只是签个到就匆匆离开。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[111]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小罗调侃道自己是在讲座的“夹缝”中努力接住随机掉落的答案。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 753, "txt": "小罗调侃道自己是在讲座的“夹缝”中努力接住随机掉落的答案。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[113]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“我是满载希望而去，垂头而归，（知识）袋子空荡荡地回来了。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 754, "txt": "“我是满载希望而去，垂头而归，", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[113]"}, {"position_id": 756, "txt": "（知识）", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[113]/span"}, {"position_id": 758, "txt": "袋子空荡荡地回来了。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[113]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "于是老师们开始探索自主学习的方法。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 760, "txt": "于是老师们开始探索自主学习的方法。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[115]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小生尝试过听慕课，但他很快发现学生的实际水平无法达到慕课的水平要求，网上学到的教学技巧并不能直接套用。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 761, "txt": "小生尝试过听慕课，", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[115]"}, {"position_id": 763, "txt": "但他很快发现学生的实际水平无法达到慕课的水平要求，网上学到的教学技巧并不能直接套用。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[115]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 175, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小罗则尝试去旁听老教师讲课，却被任课老师怀疑自己“是不是对他有意见”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 765, "txt": "小罗则尝试去旁听老教师讲课，却被任课老师怀疑自己“是不是对他有意见”。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[115]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 176, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "她转而求助于一些与职业教育挂钩的书，比如黄灯的《我的二本学生》。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 766, "txt": "她转而求助于一些与职业教育挂钩的书，比如黄灯的《我的二本学生》。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[115]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 177, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "可由于情况差异，黄灯的经验在她这里行不通。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 767, "txt": "可由于情况差异，黄灯的经验在她这里行不通。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[115]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 178, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在不断试错中，老师们意识到：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 769, "txt": "在不断试错中，老师们意识到：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[117]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不同的课堂无法以同一种方式呈现，学校的内部运行也不能完全模仿他人——成功案例不是参考答案，教育本身就是一场没有教科书的探索过程。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 770, "txt": "不同的课堂无法以同一种方式呈现，学校的内部运行也不能完全模仿他人——成功案例不是参考答案，教育本身就是一场没有教科书的探索过程。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[117]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "刺痛成茧的歧视", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 772, "txt": "刺痛成茧的歧视", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[119]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 181, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "在小罗看来，学生学习的目的就是就业，职校学习因此更直接地满足就业需求。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 774, "txt": "在小罗看来，学生学习的目的就是就业，职校学习因此更直接地满足就业需求。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[121]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 182, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小罗所在的学校是市属学校，通过沟通协调，智慧矿业班级的学生毕业后可以直接与当地产业对接。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 775, "txt": "小罗所在的学校是市属学校，通过沟通协调，智慧矿业班级的学生毕业后可以直接与当地产业对接。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[121]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 183, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“像矿井班的（学生）直接毕业也只是下矿做很苦很累的一线工人。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 776, "txt": "“像矿井班的", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[121]"}, {"position_id": 778, "txt": "（学生）", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[121]/span"}, {"position_id": 780, "txt": "直接毕业也只是下矿做很苦很累的一线工人。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[121]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小雪说。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 781, "txt": "小雪说。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[121]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "类似的校企对接项目提供了一个工作平台，但并不能保证工作环境良好。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 782, "txt": "类似的校企对接项目提供了一个工作平台，但并不能保证工作环境良好。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[121]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“家里孩子考了职校，是会被当成议论对象的。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 784, "txt": "“家里孩子考了职校，是会被当成议论对象的。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[123]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "门老师谈到。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 785, "txt": "门老师谈到。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[123]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "即使是成功深造的优秀毕业生，也会被粗暴地打上“学术能力低下、个人性格乖僻、就业前景不佳”的标签，这些刻板印象围绕着他们的未来。", "language": "chinese", 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["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“这种偏见，已经习惯成自然，刺痛到成茧。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 814, "txt": "“这种偏见，已经习惯成自然，刺痛到成茧。”", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[131]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小罗感叹道。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 815, "txt": "小罗感叹道。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[131]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当职校学生拿着丰富的简历或者更高的第二学历去应聘、被“职校毕业”的理由拒绝时，“失败者”的标签在此成为了滚烫的烙印，刺向他们好不容易生长出的骄傲自信。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 816, "txt": "当职校学生拿着丰富的简历或者更高的第二学历去应聘、被“职校毕业”的理由拒绝时，“失败者”的标签在此成为了滚烫的烙印，刺向他们好不容易生长出的骄傲自信。", "x": 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"或许值得欣慰的是，随着国家政策的鼓励和社会认可度的提高，职校面临的偏见已经不像之前那般伤人。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[133]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 206, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在小雪弟弟初三毕业季的家长会上，老师表达了学生选择职校的肯定；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 821, "txt": "在小雪弟弟初三毕业季的家长会上，老师表达了学生选择职校的肯定；", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[133]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 207, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "小雪的父母也认为，无论孩子选择去哪里读书，未来的发展都是看个人的修行，职校还是普高，都可以作为选择。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 822, "txt": "小雪的父母也认为，无论孩子选择去哪里读书，未来的发展都是看个人的修行，职校还是普高，都可以作为选择。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[133]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 219, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这让小生对新政策带来的职业发展机遇保持好奇，但也担心过高的科研要求反而会分散自己的教学精力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 841, "txt": "这让小生对新政策带来的职业发展机遇保持好奇，但也担心过高的科研要求反而会分散自己的教学精力。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[141]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 220, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "毕竟作为新人来讲，科研和教学似乎很难两全。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 842, "txt": "毕竟作为新人来讲，科研和教学似乎很难两全。", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[141]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不过这也为职校的老师提供了新的选择。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 843, "txt": "不过这也为职校的老师提供了新的选择。", "x": 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"刘馨潞、薛静迪、刘美言、龚郑豪，撰文：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 870, "txt": "刘馨潞、薛静迪、刘美言、龚郑豪，撰文：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[154]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "刘馨潞，编辑：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 871, "txt": "刘馨潞，编辑：", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[154]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 240, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "瞿王烨、姚汶含", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 872, "txt": "瞿王烨、姚汶含", "x": "/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div/div/div[1]/section/div/div/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[154]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 241, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 没有教科书的职业教育探索 ## 水土不服 ## 如何度过不麻木的一生？ ## 披着大学外衣的高中 ## 刺痛成茧的歧视
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underground. \"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div[3]/main/section/div/div[4]/article/div[2]/p[17]/sub[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "One example is the DemoUpCARMA project, where CO2 from Switzerland was transported to Iceland where it is now stored underground in the form of carbonate rock,\" says Martin.", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 762, "txt": "One example is the DemoUpCARMA project, where CO", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div[3]/main/section/div/div[4]/article/div[2]/p[17]/sub[1]"}, {"position_id": 764, "txt": "2", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div[3]/main/section/div/div[4]/article/div[2]/p[17]/sub[2]"}, {"position_id": 766, "txt": " from Switzerland was transported to Iceland where it is now stored underground in the form of carbonate rock,\" says Martin.", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div[3]/main/section/div/div[4]/article/div[2]/p[17]/sub[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It is important to raise public awareness of the issue and to dispel myths and rumors. \"", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 768, "txt": "It is important to raise public awareness of the issue and to dispel myths and rumors. \"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div[3]/main/section/div/div[4]/article/div[2]/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Many people think we're creating a bubble underground and that it could even explode at some point,\" explains Martin. \"", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 769, "txt": "Many people think we're creating a bubble underground and that it could even explode at some point,\" explains Martin. \"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div[3]/main/section/div/div[4]/article/div[2]/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "But the risk to the public from underground CO2 storage is minimal and the methods are scientifically well proven.\"", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 770, "txt": "But the risk to the public from underground CO", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div[3]/main/section/div/div[4]/article/div[2]/p[18]"}, {"position_id": 772, "txt": "2", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div[3]/main/section/div/div[4]/article/div[2]/p[18]/sub"}, {"position_id": 774, "txt": " storage is minimal and the methods are scientifically well proven.\"", "x": "/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div[3]/main/section/div/div[4]/article/div[2]/p[18]/sub"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "More information:", "language": "english", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 776, "txt": "More information:", "x": 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DeepSeek 有好口碑的原因在于是第一个把复现 MoE、o1 等发出来，胜在做的早，但能不能做到最好，空间还很大。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[15]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "后面新的挑战在于资源有限，只能把有限的资源放在最亮眼的地方。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 613, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "后面新的挑战在于资源有限，只能把有限的资源放在最亮眼的地方。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[15]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个团队的 research 能力、团队文化还是很好的，如果再给 10万、20 万张卡，可能能做出更好的事情。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 615, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "这个团队的 research 能力、团队文化还是很好的，如果再给 10万、20 万张卡，可能能做出更好的事情。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[15]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3. DeekSeek 从 preview 到正式发布这段时间，长上下文能力提升很快。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 617, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "3. DeekSeek 从 preview 到正式发布这段时间，长上下文能力提升很快。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek 的 Long context 10K 用非常常规的方法就能够做到。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 618, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "DeepSeek 的 Long context 10K 用非常常规的方法就能够做到。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4. Scale.ai 的 CEO 说 DeepSeek 有 5 万张卡，实际肯定没这么多，从公开信息来看 DeepSeek 是有 1 万张老的A100卡，可能有 3 千张禁令之前的 H800。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 620, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "4. 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DeepSeek 把所有精力都放在了一个很窄的点，把后续很多东西都放弃了，比如多模态。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 627, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "5. 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智能。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 637, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "DeepSeek 最重要的事就是 push 智能。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[19]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "钱和商业化的优先级都不高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 638, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "钱和商业化的优先级都不高。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[19]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中国需要有几个领先的 AI labs 来探索能 beat OpenAI 的东西，智能要走的时间很长，今年又开始分化，肯定要有新东西出来。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 640, "size": 0, 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今天确实没有什么好的商业模式，后面可能需要跑通。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[21]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "梁文锋是有抱负的，DeepSeek 不在乎形态，往 AGI 走就是了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 646, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "梁文锋是有抱负的，DeepSeek 不在乎形态，往 AGI 走就是了。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[21]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "9. 读完 DeepSeek 论文的感受是，很多都是节约硬件开销的技术，在比较大的几个 scaling 方向上，DeepSeek 的技巧可以把成本降下来。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 648, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "9. 读完 DeepSeek 论文的感受是，很多都是节约硬件开销的技术，在比较大的几个 scaling 方向上，DeepSeek 的技巧可以把成本降下来。", "x": 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DeepSeek 带来的最大的震撼不是开源或者低成本，而是不需要做 SFT了。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[39]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "（注：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 700, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "（注：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[39]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "SFT：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 701, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "SFT：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[39]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Supervised Fine-Tuning，有监督微调，一种重要的模型优化技术，它通过在预训练模型的基础上，使用标注好的数据进行进一步训练，以提升模型在特定任务或领域上的性能。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 702, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "Supervised Fine-Tuning，有监督微调，一种重要的模型优化技术，它通过在预训练模型的基础上，使用标注好的数据进行进一步训练，以提升模型在特定任务或领域上的性能。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[39]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "）但只是在推理层面，推理以外的任务可能还是需要做 SFT。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 703, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[39]/span"}, {"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 705, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "但只是在推理层面，推理以外的任务可能还是需要做 SFT。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[39]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "围绕这个点很值得讨论的是，是不是由此提出了一个新的范式或架构，使得训练模型对数据的利用效率更高了？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 707, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "围绕这个点很值得讨论的是，是不是由此提出了一个新的范式或架构，使得训练模型对数据的利用效率更高了？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[39]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "或者模型表现的迭代速度会更快？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 708, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "或者模型表现的迭代速度会更快？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[39]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "19. DeepSeek-R1 一定程度上说明用 SFT 做蒸馏有很大好处。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 710, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "19. DeepSeek-R1 一定程度上说明用 SFT 做蒸馏有很大好处。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[40]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek-R1 并不是完全不做 SFT，而是在第三步骤只做了 SFT，最后一步 alignment（对齐）再用了 RLHF（基于人类反馈的强化学习）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 711, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "DeepSeek-R1 并不是完全不做 SFT，而是在第三步骤只做了 SFT，最后一步 alignment（对齐）再用了 RLHF（基于人类反馈的强化学习）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[40]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "20. R1 本质是 SFT 训练出来的，比较特殊的是数据是用 RLHF 训练出来的模型生成的，说明不需要用特别复杂的方法，只要有足够好的方法，只需要用 SFT 蒸馏就行。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 713, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "20. R1 本质是 SFT 训练出来的，比较特殊的是数据是用 RLHF 训练出来的模型生成的，说明不需要用特别复杂的方法，只要有足够好的方法，只需要用 SFT 蒸馏就行。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[41]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "21. GRPO 的本质在于 base model（基础模型）得足够聪明，一个 prompt 生成用了 16 个 generation，得尝试几次才能大概率有正确的答案。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 715, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "21. GRPO 的本质在于 base model（基础模型）得足够聪明，一个 prompt 生成用了 16 个 generation，得尝试几次才能大概率有正确的答案。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[42]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不错的 base model 加上可以 verify，是 R1 提供的思路，math 和 coding 很合适是因为这两类任务比较容易 verify，但理论上可以在其他场景任务上做类似的过程，最终实现一个通用的 RL 模型。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 717, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "不错的 base model 加上可以 verify，是 R1 提供的思路，math 和 coding 很合适是因为这两类任务比较容易 verify，但理论上可以在其他场景任务上做类似的过程，最终实现一个通用的 RL 模型。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[42]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "22. R1 - Zero 没有用 SFT 就出现了 CoT 的过程，CoT 会越来越长，这个涌现过程很有意义，SFT 更像是一个辅助手段，模型没有 SFT 也能产生，有了 SFT 能很快生成。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 719, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "22. R1 - Zero 没有用 SFT 就出现了 CoT 的过程，CoT 会越来越长，这个涌现过程很有意义，SFT 更像是一个辅助手段，模型没有 SFT 也能产生，有了 SFT 能很快生成。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[43]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "23. 这件事说明现在很多小模型厂商可以用 SFT 去蒸馏大模型，并且效果会很好，但也没有在 R1 的过程中完全被抛弃。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 721, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "23. 这件事说明现在很多小模型厂商可以用 SFT 去蒸馏大模型，并且效果会很好，但也没有在 R1 的过程中完全被抛弃。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[44]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "24. 一个 LLM 集合无限长的 CoT 理论上可以看成一台图灵机，理论上通过无限长的 CoT 可以解决极复杂的计算问题（computational problem），但 CoT 本质上只是中间搜索结果，用一种优化的方式去不停 sample potential output，可能会输出正确结果，然后让模型往更可信的方向去推。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 723, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "24. 一个 LLM 集合无限长的 CoT 理论上可以看成一台图灵机，理论上通过无限长的 CoT 可以解决极复杂的计算问题（computational problem），但 CoT 本质上只是中间搜索结果，用一种优化的方式去不停 sample potential output，可能会输出正确结果，然后让模型往更可信的方向去推。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[45]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "本质上是模型为了得到这样的结果，必须要做一些 computation，CoT 是 computation 中间必须经过的中间输出，最终结果可以说是涌现，也可以说是它作为计算机的本质。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 725, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "本质上是模型为了得到这样的结果，必须要做一些 computation，CoT 是 computation 中间必须经过的中间输出，最终结果可以说是涌现，也可以说是它作为计算机的本质。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[45]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "25. DeepSeek 的论文里面虽然没有提到长上下文，但体感上 R1-preview 和 R1 之间模型的 context window 提升了很多，猜测是做了一些 Long2Short CoT 的提升，包括在第三阶段的 SFT 用的 CoT 最终在 generation 的时候也被去掉，最后发布的版本可能是用了更加 clean 的 CoT 数据做 SFT。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 727, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "25. DeepSeek 的论文里面虽然没有提到长上下文，但体感上 R1-preview 和 R1 之间模型的 context window 提升了很多，猜测是做了一些 Long2Short CoT 的提升，包括在第三阶段的 SFT 用的 CoT 最终在 generation 的时候也被去掉，最后发布的版本可能是用了更加 clean 的 CoT 数据做 SFT。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[46]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "26. SFT 的数据种类有几种：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 729, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "26. SFT 的数据种类有几种：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[47]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一个是冷启动的数据，更像是给模型一个很好的策略，给一个比较好的初始化，这样能做的探索更好，RL 中有一个优化目标是和原策略更接近；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 730, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "一个是冷启动的数据，更像是给模型一个很好的策略，给一个比较好的初始化，这样能做的探索更好，RL 中有一个优化目标是和原策略更接近；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[47]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另一种数据是做了 RL 之后，生成很多 data，再加上别的数据，再在 base model SFT，本质上每个 domain 有自己的 data processing pipeline 之类的，这个数据的能力是从 base model 来的，蒸馏是无损的，把多个 domain 放到一起可能会有泛化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 731, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "另一种数据是做了 RL 之后，生成很多 data，再加上别的数据，再在 base model SFT，本质上每个 domain 有自己的 data processing pipeline 之类的，这个数据的能力是从 base model 来的，蒸馏是无损的，把多个 domain 放到一起可能会有泛化。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[47]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "27. 不确定 R1 这个过程的数据效率怎么样。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 733, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "27. 不确定 R1 这个过程的数据效率怎么样。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[48]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "猜测 OpenAI 针对数据效率也做了类似的事情，比如 fine tuning。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 734, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "猜测 OpenAI 针对数据效率也做了类似的事情，比如 fine tuning。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[48]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "R1 第三阶段没有用 RL 做出来的模型作为 base 去训练，而是去生成了数据，再去 SFT 得到 R1，数据包含 600K 的 reasoning data 和 200K non-reasoning data。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 735, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "R1 第三阶段没有用 RL 做出来的模型作为 base 去训练，而是去生成了数据，再去 SFT 得到 R1，数据包含 600K 的 reasoning data 和 200K non-reasoning data。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[48]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二阶段的模型可能在 example 的 domain 之外但仍然需要某种 reasoning 的场景下，可能也能展示解题能力，从而得到 reasoning data。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 736, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "第二阶段的模型可能在 example 的 domain 之外但仍然需要某种 reasoning 的场景下，可能也能展示解题能力，从而得到 reasoning data。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[48]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而 non reasoning data 是 V3 SFT data 的一部分，是让 V3 脑补出了一个 CoT。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 737, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "而 non reasoning data 是 V3 SFT data 的一部分，是让 V3 脑补出了一个 CoT。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[48]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "800K 的数据还是挺小的，挺有效率的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 738, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "800K 的数据还是挺小的，挺有效率的。", "x": 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"tags": ["h1"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "数据", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 741, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["h1"], "tail": 0, "txt": "数据", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/h1[7]/span"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“DeepSeek在数据标注上非常重视”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 743, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["h1"], "tail": 0, "txt": "“DeepSeek在数据标注上非常重视”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/h1[8]/span"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "28. Scale.AI 不一定会失败，现在需要在各种 domain 上做 RL，比较常用的是 math 和 coding，还是需要 expert 来标注，但数据标注可能会更复杂，但市场会存在。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 745, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "28. Scale.AI 不一定会失败，现在需要在各种 domain 上做 RL，比较常用的是 math 和 coding，还是需要 expert 来标注，但数据标注可能会更复杂，但市场会存在。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[49]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "29. 在 training 上，多模态数据几乎看不出效果，或者说成本太高了，今天还没有任何证据说有用，未来机会可能比较大。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 747, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "29. 在 training 上，多模态数据几乎看不出效果，或者说成本太高了，今天还没有任何证据说有用，未来机会可能比较大。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[50]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "30. DeepSeek 在数据标注上非常重视，听说梁文锋自己也会打标签，在 AI 上除了算法和技巧，数据的精确度也很关键，特斯拉的标注成本几乎是中国自动驾驶的 20 倍，中国自动驾驶的数据经历了大而全、精细化到最终发现要找开车经验和能力特别丰富的人，这个是特斯拉一开始就在做的事。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 749, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "30. DeepSeek 在数据标注上非常重视，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[51]/strong/span"}, {"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 751, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "听说梁文锋自己也会打标签，在 AI 上除了算法和技巧，数据的精确度也很关键，特斯拉的标注成本几乎是中国自动驾驶的 20 倍，中国自动驾驶的数据经历了大而全、精细化到最终发现要找开车经验和能力特别丰富的人，这个是特斯拉一开始就在做的事。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[51]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "特斯拉的机器人的动作是找的小脑非常健康的人做的标注，丝滑程度很好，而中国找的人的丝滑程度很差。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 752, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "特斯拉的机器人的动作是找的小脑非常健康的人做的标注，丝滑程度很好，而中国找的人的丝滑程度很差。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[51]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以 DeepSeek 在数据标注上的投入是模型效率好的关键之一。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 753, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "所以 DeepSeek 在数据标注上的投入是模型效率好的关键之一。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[51]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3jvQwG2uJC4g18PN57CmVom.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 236, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["img"], "tail": 0, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3jvQwG2uJC4g18PN57CmVom.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/span/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "技术细节3：", "language": 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["h1"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "31. 如果不去了解模型训练中最大的技术痛点，而选择用蒸馏的技术去避免了解，那么在下一代技术提出的时候，就可能会掉进坑里。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 760, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "31. 如果不去了解模型训练中最大的技术痛点，而选择用蒸馏的技术去避免了解，那么在下一代技术提出的时候，就可能会掉进坑里。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[52]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "32. 大模型和小模型能力是不匹配的，从大模型往小模型进行蒸馏是真的蒸馏，teacher to student，如果从完全不会中文的模型蒸馏各种中文数据，性能可能会下跌。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 762, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "32. 大模型和小模型能力是不匹配的，从大模型往小模型进行蒸馏是真的蒸馏，teacher to student，如果从完全不会中文的模型蒸馏各种中文数据，性能可能会下跌。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[53]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但实际上蒸馏小模型确实有很明显的性能提升，R1 蒸馏出来后的模型再做 RL 会增长很多，因为是用和模型不匹配的数据做出来的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 763, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "但实际上蒸馏小模型确实有很明显的性能提升，R1 蒸馏出来后的模型再做 RL 会增长很多，因为是用和模型不匹配的数据做出来的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[53]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "33. 蒸馏的坏处是模型 diversity 下降，影响模型上限，无法超越最强的模型。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 765, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "33. 蒸馏的坏处是模型 diversity 下降，影响模型上限，无法超越最强的模型。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[54]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但短期看，蒸馏也是一条路线。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 766, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "但短期看，蒸馏也是一条路线。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[54]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "34. 用蒸馏会有一些 hack，早期一般在 instruction 调过的模型做 RL，这个阶段模型会呈现出的特征是：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 768, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "34. 用蒸馏会有一些 hack，早期一般在 instruction 调过的模型做 RL，这个阶段模型会呈现出的特征是：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[55]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "先去生成没有用的想法，然后最后突然答对，原因在于很多 RL hack 做得非常隐晦，模型可能在预训练的时候背了很多问题，所以明面上是在思考，其实只是在靠近背的题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 769, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "先去生成没有用的想法，然后最后突然答对，原因在于很多 RL hack 做得非常隐晦，模型可能在预训练的时候背了很多问题，所以明面上是在思考，其实只是在靠近背的题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[55]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这就是蒸馏的隐患。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 770, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "这就是蒸馏的隐患。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[55]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果不做标注就蒸馏，那现在做具有可验证奖励的强化学习（Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards, RLVR）的时候，就会导致模型会用更简单的方式解决，而不是去思考这个问题 OpenAI 也没有解决。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 771, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "如果不做标注就蒸馏，那现在做具有可验证奖励的强化学习（Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards, RLVR）的时候，就会导致模型会用更简单的方式解决，而不是去思考这个问题 OpenAI 也没有解决。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[55]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "可能是这一代技术的缺陷。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 772, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "可能是这一代技术的缺陷。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[55]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "35. 长期来说，通过走捷径的方式，而没有自己通过愿景去想怎么做技术方案，而是直接复现，中间可能会有不知道的坑。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 774, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "35. 长期来说，通过走捷径的方式，而没有自己通过愿景去想怎么做技术方案，而是直接复现，中间可能会有不知道的坑。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[56]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如在这一代技术 long context 没有质变的前提下，解决问题的上限可能会被限制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 775, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "比如在这一代技术 long context 没有质变的前提下，解决问题的上限可能会被限制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[56]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "R1-zero 可能是一个正确的方向，从头就做 R1-zero 或不通过类 o1 的数据启动可能更好。", "language": "chinese", "position": 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DeepSeek 成本上做了很多优化，Amazon 等还没有看到因此做出的改变，还是按照既定的计划做，目前是一个共存的状态。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 923, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "77. 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DeepSeek 的出圈让外界意识到了中国的 AI 很强。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 935, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "79. DeepSeek 的出圈让外界意识到了中国的 AI 很强。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[100]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 143, "global_sentence_id": 220, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以前外界认为中国的 AI 进展落后美国两年，但 DeepSeek 表明其实差距在 3-9 个月，甚至某些方面更强。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 936, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "以前外界认为中国的 AI 进展落后美国两年，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[100]/span"}, {"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 938, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "但 DeepSeek 表明其实差距在 3-9 个月，甚至某些方面更强。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[100]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 143, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "80. 历史上中国被美国封锁的东西，如果能被突破的话最终都会很卷，AI 可能也是，DeepSeek能跑出来就是一个证明。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 940, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "80. 历史上中国被美国封锁的东西，如果能被突破的话最终都会很卷，AI 可能也是，DeepSeek能跑出来就是一个证明。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[101]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 144, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "81. DeepSeek 不是突然爆发的，这次 R1 结果很漂亮，触及到了美国从上到下的核心圈。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 942, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "81. DeepSeek 不是突然爆发的，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[102]/span"}, {"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 944, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": ["strong"], "tail": 0, "txt": "这次 R1 结果很漂亮，触及到了美国从上到下的核心圈。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[102]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 145, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "82. DeepSeek 是站在巨人的肩膀上，但探索前沿需要的时间和人力成本还是要高很多，R1 并不代表以后的训练成本会同时降低。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 946, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "82. DeepSeek 是站在巨人的肩膀上，但探索前沿需要的时间和人力成本还是要高很多，R1 并不代表以后的训练成本会同时降低。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[103]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 146, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "83. AI 探索者一定是需要更多算力的，中国作为追赶者可以发挥在工程能力上的优势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"immutable": false, "orig_start": 0, "position_id": 948, "size": 0, "start": 0, "tags": [], "tail": 0, "txt": "83. 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神秘的DeepSeek“DeepSeek最重要的事是push智能” ## 探索者VS追赶者“AI类似阶跃函数，追赶者算力需求少10倍” ## 技术细节1：SFT“在推理层面不需要做SFT了” ## 技术细节2：数据“DeepSeek在数据标注上非常重视” ## 技术细节3：蒸馏“蒸馏坏处是模型diversity下降” ## 技术细节4：Process Reward“过程监督上限是人，结果监督才是模型上限” ## 其他公司为何没用DeepSeek方法？“大厂的模型得低调” ## 2025技术的分化与押注 “除Transformer能不能找别的架构” ## 开发者是否从闭源模型迁移至 DeepSeek？“目前还没有” ## OpenAI Stargate 500B叙事与算力需求变化 ## 对二级市场的影响“短期情绪有压力，长期叙事继续” ## 开源 VS 闭源“如果能力差不多，对闭源是挑战” ## DeepSeek出圈的影响“比技术更重要的是愿景”
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"<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2cy4Ed2Pagbq3uhyco4rgb4F.gif", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 62, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2cy4Ed2Pagbq3uhyco4rgb4F.gif", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[4]/span/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "这条“猫机大战”的笔记在小红书收获上万点赞后，评论区迅速演变为大型控诉现场：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 367, "txt": "这条“猫机大战”的笔记在小红书收获上万点赞后，评论区迅速演变为大型控诉现场：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "边牧叼着尘盒当飞盘、布偶猫在基站里做窝、甚至有人拍到扫地机器人被仓鼠当跑步机使用。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 368, "txt": "边牧叼着尘盒当飞盘、布偶猫在基站里做窝、甚至有人拍到扫地机器人被仓鼠当跑步机使用。", "x": 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"txt": "面对这些问题，扫地机器人品牌是如何应对的？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "跟随「营销看克」的视角，我们一起看看吧~", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 375, "txt": "跟随「营销看克」的视角，我们一起看看吧~", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[10]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3gHBHLsi2zCwV48j1587Ib.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 82, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3gHBHLsi2zCwV48j1587Ib.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 12, 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{"txt": "这个场景浓缩了当下扫地机器人行业的尴尬处境：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 383, "txt": "这个场景浓缩了当下扫地机器人行业的尴尬处境：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在技术参数与真实体验的鸿沟之间，品牌们不得不在小红书这个用户主导的舆论场，开启一场艰难的认知重塑战。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 385, "txt": "在技术参数与真实体验的鸿沟之间，品牌们不得不在小红书这个用户主导的舆论场，开启一场艰难的认知重塑战。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[16]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不过，这样的“反面素材”未必不能带来正向讨论，因为真正引发共鸣的，往往是那些“不完美”的营销。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 387, "txt": "不过，这样的“反面素材”未必不能带来正向讨论，因为真正引发共鸣的，往往是那些“不完美”的营销。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[18]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如，有很多用户会在小红书分享扫地机器人与宠物的“斗智斗勇”（如猫咪占据基站）的内容。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 389, "txt": "比如，有很多用户会在小红书分享扫地机器人与宠物的“斗智斗勇”（如猫咪占据基站）的内容。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[20]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种趣味性的笔记，不仅可以引发大量讨论，还从侧面体现产品避障能力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 390, "txt": "这种趣味性的笔记，不仅可以引发大量讨论，还从侧面体现产品避障能力。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[20]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然主动暴露短板会让大家觉得产品不够完美，但既然这些都是大家知道的事实，主动揭短反而可以让机器人品牌收获更高的互动率。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 392, "txt": "虽然主动暴露短板会让大家觉得产品不够完美，但既然这些都是大家知道的事实，", "x": 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{"txt": "虽然扫地机器人相关的行业白皮书显示，早在2023年扫地机器人平均导航精度达到毫米级，避障算法响应速度提升至0.1秒，可这些实验室数据在进入中国家庭的瞬间，就会面临降维打击。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 408, "txt": "虽然扫地机器人相关的行业白皮书显示，早在2023年扫地机器人平均导航精度达到毫米级，避障算法响应速度提升至0.1秒，可这些实验室数据在进入中国家庭的瞬间，就会面临降维打击。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[31]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1lJZ8w4CzUNk4nVxWm219xZ0.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 163, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1lJZ8w4CzUNk4nVxWm219xZ0.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[33]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "图片源自小红书", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 410, 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485, "txt": "”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[74]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这场始于“解放双手”愿景的科技革命，最终教会我们的，或许是如何在机器与生活的交响曲中找到平衡的节拍。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 487, "txt": "这场始于“解放双手”愿景的科技革命，最终教会我们的，或许是如何在机器与生活的交响曲中找到平衡的节拍。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[76]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "‍", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 489, "txt": "‍", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[78]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<img https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/FAbmafzYZRV42Y0O5ZXGbLOMNdGjVdBdCHZjiaWt0xodNjibKaC2rwd5RNcwSbicECgfxMj4tnv55D8RFTic04G6GA/640?wx_fmt=png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 318, "txt": "<img https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/FAbmafzYZRV42Y0O5ZXGbLOMNdGjVdBdCHZjiaWt0xodNjibKaC2rwd5RNcwSbicECgfxMj4tnv55D8RFTic04G6GA/640?wx_fmt=png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[80]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 营销看克 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 491, "txt": "\n 营销看克 ", "x": "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 106, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 扫地机器人，为何在小红书上卷起来了？ ## 营销修罗场小红书上的技术祛魅与重构 ## 技术迭代迷局当参数竞赛撞上真实生活 ## 破局者游戏在质疑声中重建信任 ## 写在最后
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"global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "为什么在对创新越来越重视的今天，创新的成功率和几十年前相比，却没有明显的上升？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 287, "txt": "为什么在对创新越来越重视的今天，创新的成功率和几十年前相比，却没有明显的上升？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "《与运气竞争》这本书就尝试去回答我们应该如何科学创新。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 289, "txt": "《与运气竞争》这本书就尝试去回答我们应该如何科学创新。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[5]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我最大的收获是重新理解了用户需求，从用户需求的表象，开始深度挖掘用户需求冰山下面的底层动机。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 291, "txt": "我最大的收获是重新理解了用户需求，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[7]/span"}, {"position_id": 293, "txt": 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"这本书最有名的是‘奶昔困境’的故事：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 297, "txt": "这本书最有名的是‘奶昔困境’的故事：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有个快餐连锁店为了提升奶昔的销量，依照消费者的反馈做了很多创新尝试，但几个月后什么也没发生。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 298, "txt": "有个快餐连锁店为了提升奶昔的销量，依照消费者的反馈做了很多创新尝试，但几个月后什么也没发生。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[11]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "克里斯坦森参与项目后，则开始思考这个问题：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 300, "txt": "克里斯坦森参与项目后，则开始思考这个问题：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[13]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“ 这些消费者的生活中出现了什么样的任务，才会促使他们来到这家餐厅雇佣奶昔？ ”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 301, "txt": "“ 这些消费者的生活中出现了什么样的任务，才会促使他们来到这家餐厅雇佣奶昔？ ”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[13]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他们发现，在早上购买奶昔的顾客，他们还不太饿，但要开很长时间的车去上班，估计到了公司就会饿。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 303, "txt": "他们发现，在早上购买奶昔的顾客，他们还不太饿，但要开很长时间的车去上班，估计到了公司就会饿。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[15]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "于是他们想在开车时喝点什么，一方面可以给无聊的通勤时间增加点乐趣，一方面也可以抵挡上午的饥饿。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 305, "txt": "于是他们想在开车时喝点什么，一方面可以给无聊的通勤时间增加点乐趣，一方面也可以抵挡上午的饥饿。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[15]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "参与完成此项任务的竞品有很多，但都存在一些问题：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 307, "txt": "参与完成此项任务的竞品有很多，但都存在一些问题：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[17]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "香蕉几口就吃完了，不到10 点，你就又会饿了;", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 309, "txt": "香蕉几口就吃完了，不到", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[1]/li[1]/p/span"}, {"position_id": 311, "txt": "10", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[1]/li[1]/p/span/span"}, {"position_id": 313, "txt": " 点，你就又会饿了;", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[1]/li[1]/p/span/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "甜甜圈的面包屑太多，会让消费者的手指变得黏黏的，让他们在边吃边开车的过程中把衣服和方向盘弄脏", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 315, "txt": "甜甜圈的面包屑太多，会让消费者的手指变得黏黏的，让他们在边吃边开车的过程中把衣服和方向盘弄脏", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[1]/li[2]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "贝果面包则大多又干又没味，让开车的人不得不一边用膝盖转方向盘，一边往面包上涂抹奶酪和果酱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 317, "txt": "贝果面包则大多又干又没味，让开车的人不得不一边用膝盖转方向盘，一边往面包上涂抹奶酪和果酱。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[1]/li[3]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "早餐就吃甜点实在太罪恶了；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 319, "txt": "早餐就吃甜点实在太罪恶了；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[1]/li[4]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "相比之下，奶昔算是其中的最优选项：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 321, "txt": "相比之下，奶昔算是其中的最优选项：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[19]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "用纤细的吸管喝完一杯浓稠的奶昔需要花很长时间，而且奶昔还能帮助抵挡上午10点左右袭来的饥饿。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 322, "txt": "用纤细的吸管喝完一杯浓稠的奶昔需要花很长时间，而且奶昔还能帮助抵挡上午10点左右袭来的饥饿。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[19]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以基于以上洞察，为了帮助用户完成这个任务，奶昔产品的迭代方向应该是：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 324, "txt": "所以基于以上洞察，为了帮助用户完成这个任务，奶昔产品的迭代方向应该是：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[21]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "应该更浓稠、分量更足，可以让开车上班的人在路上慢慢享用，还能扛饿；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 326, "txt": "应该更浓稠、分量更足，可以让开车上班的人在路上慢慢享用，还能扛饿；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[2]/li[1]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "水果块甚至巧克力块可以让消费者在习惯性地吸食每口奶昔的时候得到一点儿小“惊喜”，这可以持续为旅途带来乐趣；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 328, "txt": "水果块甚至巧克力块可以让消费者在习惯性地吸食每口奶昔的时候得到一点儿小“惊喜”，这可以持续为旅途带来乐趣；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[2]/li[2]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不必考虑把奶昔做得更健康，因为这不是奶昔被‘雇佣’的原因；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 330, "txt": "不必考虑把奶昔做得更健康，因为这不是奶昔被‘", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[2]/li[3]/p/span"}, {"position_id": 332, "txt": "雇佣", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[2]/li[3]/p/span/span"}, {"position_id": 334, "txt": "’的原因；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[2]/li[3]/p/span/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "技术狂热者陷阱", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 336, "txt": "技术狂热者陷阱", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[23]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "上面的故事告诉我们准确理解用户动机的重要性，没有准确的洞察就不会有对的持续的创新。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 338, "txt": "上面的故事告诉我们准确理解用户动机的重要性，没有准确的洞察就不会有对的持续的创新。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[24]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同样的，没有准确的洞察，可能我们会陷入虚假繁荣的陷阱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 340, "txt": "同样的，没有准确的洞察，可能我们会陷入虚假繁荣的陷阱。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[24]/span[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "没有准确理解用户的动机而做出的产品，会有人买，正如上面的快餐连锁店，当初卖奶昔可能只是因为一个灵光一闪的想法。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 342, "txt": "没有准确理解用户的动机而做出的产品，会有人买，正如上面的快餐连锁店，当初卖奶昔可能只是因为一个灵光一闪的想法。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[26]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "更进一步讲，任何一个概念或产品都可能找到1000个用户，比如在几年前的‘大众创业万众创新’的年代，通过众筹可以快速积累用户。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 344, "txt": "更进一步讲，任何一个概念或产品都可能找到1000个用户，比如在几年前的‘大众创业万众创新’的年代，通过众筹可以快速积累用户。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[26]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在众筹玩法里面，可能还没有产品，只有一个视频或者PPT，很多新奇特的概念都会找到一部分支持者。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 346, "txt": "在众筹玩法里面，可能还没有产品，只有一个视频或者PPT，很多新奇特的概念都会找到一部分支持者。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[28]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但是，这里会有一个陷阱，我自己称之为’技术狂热者陷阱’。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 347, "txt": "但是，这里会有一个陷阱，我自己称之为’技术狂热者陷阱’。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[28]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "《跨越鸿沟》这本书把用户分为技术狂热者、远见者、实用主义者等5个类别。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 349, "txt": "《跨越鸿沟》这本书把用户分为技术狂热者、远见者、实用主义者等5个类别。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[30]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "部分众筹成绩不错的新奇特产品团队，看到预售的漂亮数据之后，会认为这个产品已经大卖，后面肯定会有光明的未来，而这样就掉入到这个’技术狂热者陷阱’里面。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 350, "txt": "部分众筹成绩不错的新奇特产品团队，看到预售的漂亮数据之后，会认为这个产品已经大卖，后面肯定会有光明的未来，而这样就掉入到这个’技术狂热者陷阱’里面。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[30]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "原因在于，技术狂热者对于新奇特的产品和技术都会很好奇以至于下单购买，但是如果产品没有帮助远见者以及实用主义者的完成他们的任务（Jobs），则产品的定位出现问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 352, "txt": "原因在于，技术狂热者对于新奇特的产品和技术都会很好奇以至于下单购买，但是如果产品没有帮助远见者以及实用主义者的完成他们的任务（Jobs），则产品的定位出现问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[32]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这意味着这类产品很可能无法从技术狂热者走到远见者，更不用说到实用主义者，后续的业务增长肯定乏力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 354, "txt": "这意味着这类产品很可能无法从技术狂热者走到远见者，更不用说到实用主义者，后续的业务增长肯定乏力。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[32]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1DVlHg4junIQ1dN8Pg4skvsZ.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 169, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1DVlHg4junIQ1dN8Pg4skvsZ.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[34]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "注：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 356, "txt": "注：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "技术狂热者就是图中的Innovator(2.5%)。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 358, "txt": "技术狂热者就是图中的Innovator(2.5%)。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[35]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "我自己也曾是技术狂热者，也干过盲目支持众筹产品的事情。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 360, "txt": "我自己也曾是技术狂热者，也干过盲目支持众筹产品的事情。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[37]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当时有一个朋友做电动滑板，看完预售视频之后我觉得太酷了，所以就花了钱买了电动滑板，但后面买了之后其实也没有怎么玩过，因为这个滑板对我的生活没有什么帮助。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 361, "txt": "当时有一个朋友做电动滑板，看完预售视频之后我觉得太酷了，所以就花了钱买了电动滑板，但后面买了之后其实也没有怎么玩过，因为这个滑板对我的生活没有什么帮助。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[37]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个电动滑板团队看到众筹数据不错，就开始租新办公室，批量生产，后面这个项目是失败的，我估计是陷入到了‘技术狂热者陷阱’里面了，像我这种人在购买者的比例中太多了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 363, "txt": "这个电动滑板团队看到众筹数据不错，就开始租新办公室，批量生产，后面这个项目是失败的，我估计是陷入到了‘", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[39]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 365, "txt": "技术狂热者陷阱", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[39]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 367, "txt": "’里面了，像我这种人在购买者的比例中太多了。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[39]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "类似的现象很多，Segway的案例其实也是类似的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 369, "txt": "类似的现象很多，Segway的案例其实也是类似的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[41]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "技术很酷，但不实用，无法跨越各种鸿沟。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 370, "txt": "技术很酷，但不实用，无法跨越各种鸿沟。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[41]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4EEQYI30RFsW2e64U0aBhyK.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 191, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4EEQYI30RFsW2e64U0aBhyK.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[42]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "所以有人购买我们的产品，并不意味着我们的产品会大卖，会有高速的增长。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 372, "txt": "所以有人购买我们的产品，并不意味着我们的产品会大卖，会有高速的增长。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[44]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尤其是高科技产品，很可能只是满足了技术狂热者的好奇心而已，等这批用户被收割完毕之后，就会后继无人。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 373, "txt": "尤其是高科技产品，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[44]/span"}, {"position_id": 375, "txt": "很可能只是满足了技术狂热者的好奇心而已，等这批用户被收割完毕之后，就会后继无人。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[44]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Jobs to be done（JTBD）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 377, "txt": "Jobs to be done（JTBD）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[46]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "了解购买我们产品的用户类型很重要，同样的，准确洞察这些用户的购买动机也很重要。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 379, "txt": "了解购买我们产品的用户类型很重要，同样的，准确洞察这些用户的购买动机也很重要。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[47]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如何洞察用户需求和动机？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 381, "txt": "如何洞察用户需求", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[47]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 383, "txt": "和动机？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[47]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "克里斯坦森在《与运气竞争》这本书提出了Jobs to be done（JTBD）理论。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 384, "txt": "克里斯坦森在《与运气竞争》这本书提出了Jobs to be done（JTBD）理论。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[47]/span[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这里的Jobs（任务）就是类似用户的购买动机，比如上面奶昔的案例中，用户购买奶昔是为了给无聊的通勤时间增加点乐趣，也可以抵挡上午的饥饿。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 386, "txt": "这里的Jobs（任务）就是类似用户的购买动机，比如上面奶昔的案例中，用户购买奶昔是为了给无聊的通勤时间增加点乐趣，也可以抵挡上午的饥饿。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[49]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果不理解这一点，持续加功能并不能得到好的增长。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 387, "txt": "如果不理解这一点，持续加功能并不能得到好的增长。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[49]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "‘’Jobs to be done（JTBD）理论的本质是理解用户购买行为背后的真实动机。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 389, "txt": "‘’Jobs to be done（JTBD）理论的本质是理解用户购买行为背后的真实动机。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/blockquote/section[1]/section"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "靠大数据得出的相关性无法看出用户为什么作出这样的选择，很难为创新指明方向。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 390, "txt": "靠大数据得出的相关性无法看出用户为什么作出这样的选择，很难为创新指明方向。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/blockquote/section[1]/section"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "只有搞清楚了用户的具体待办任务，并帮助用户更好地完成这个任务，才有可能提升创新的成功率。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 391, "txt": "只有搞清楚了用户的具体待办任务，并帮助用户更好地完成这个任务，才有可能提升创新的成功率。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/blockquote/section[1]/section"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "‘’", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 392, "txt": "‘’", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/blockquote/section[1]/section"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "《与运气竞争》", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 394, "txt": "《与运气竞争》", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/blockquote/section[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "下一篇讲具体聊聊Jobs to be done（JTBD）理论。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 396, "txt": "下一篇讲具体聊聊Jobs to be done（JTBD）理论。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[50]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "以上。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 398, "txt": "以上。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[52]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "欢迎关注", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 400, "txt": "欢迎关注", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[54]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "本文作者周慧明，产品经理一枚。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 402, "txt": "本文作者周慧明，产品经理一枚。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[55]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "欢迎关注公众号，多多交流。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 403, "txt": "欢迎关注公众号，多多交流。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[55]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "推荐阅读", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 405, "txt": "推荐阅读", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[57]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "清华产品课笔记之高科技产品营销入门", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 407, "txt": "清华产品课笔记之高科技产品营销入门", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[58]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 小明的产品笔记 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 409, "txt": "\n 小明的产品笔记 ", "x": "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 99, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 奶昔困境、技术狂热者陷阱和JTBD（1） ## 奶昔窘境 ## 技术狂热者陷阱 ## Jobs to be done（JTBD）
307d4f26-70d9-4604-8d9d-14e4ebc29277	web	test/raw_web_htmls/307d4f26-70d9-4604-8d9d-14e4ebc29277.html	https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzAxODEzMzc2OA==&mid=2650241441&idx=2&sn=5f80d28e226fe15b153342526b2cb850&scene=0	{"entry_id": "307d4f26-70d9-4604-8d9d-14e4ebc29277", "infos": [{"txt": "海运中的THC：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "海运中的THC：", "x": ""}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "不可忽视的码头操作费详解", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "不可忽视的码头操作费详解", "x": ""}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 海运中的THC：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 476, "txt": "\n \n海运中的THC：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "不可忽视的码头操作费详解 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 477, "txt": "不可忽视的码头操作费详解\n ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1vbonF5HYbh4nqbZp1j66ri.gif", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 55, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1vbonF5HYbh4nqbZp1j66ri.gif", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[1]/section/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1IAwA23UnMPa2OSZL61AU3RY.webp", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 66, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1IAwA23UnMPa2OSZL61AU3RY.webp", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[4]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "在国际海运中，货主和货代常常面对名目繁多的费用清单，其中THC（Terminal Handling Charge，码头操作费）是高频出现却易被忽视的关键成本。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 479, "txt": "在国际海运中，货主和货代常常面对名目繁多的费用清单，其中THC（Terminal Handling Charge，码头操作费）是高频出现却易被忽视的关键成本。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[2]/p[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "一、THC是什么？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 481, "txt": "一、THC是什么？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[3]/section[1]/section/section/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 7, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "THC（码头操作费）是船公司或码头向货主收取的、用于覆盖货物在港口装卸、搬运、堆存等操作的成本费用。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 483, "txt": "THC（码头操作费）是船公司或码头向货主收取的、用于覆盖货物在港口装卸、搬运、堆存等操作的成本费用。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/p[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "简单来说，它是货物在港口“停留”期间产生的“服务费”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 484, "txt": "简单来说，它是货物在港口“停留”期间产生的“服务费”。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/p[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "收费主体：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 486, "txt": "收费主体：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/p[4]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通常由码头或船公司收取，最终转嫁给货主。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 488, "txt": "通常由码头或船公司收取，最终转嫁给货主。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/p[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "适用环节：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 490, "txt": "适用环节：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/p[6]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "分为起运港THC（装货港）和目的港THC（卸货港）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 492, "txt": "分为起运港THC（装货港）和目的港THC（卸货港）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[4]/p[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "二、THC包含哪些操作？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 494, "txt": "二、THC包含哪些操作？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[5]/section[1]/section/section/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "THC并非单一费用，而是港口基础服务的打包成本，主要包括：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 496, "txt": "THC并非单一费用，而是港口基础服务的打包成本，主要包括：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/p[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "装卸作业：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 498, "txt": "装卸作业：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/p[4]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "将集装箱从堆场吊装至船舶，或从船舶卸至码头。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 500, "txt": "将集装箱从堆场吊装至船舶，或从船舶卸至码头。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/p[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "场地堆存：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 502, "txt": "场地堆存：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/p[6]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "集装箱在码头内的临时存放（通常限免堆期，超期另收滞箱费）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 504, "txt": "集装箱在码头内的临时存放（通常限免堆期，超期另收滞箱费）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/p[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "设备使用：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 506, "txt": "设备使用：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/p[8]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "吊机、叉车等港口机械的运营维护成本。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 508, "txt": "吊机、叉车等港口机械的运营维护成本。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/p[8]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "文件处理：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 510, "txt": "文件处理：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/p[10]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "与货物进出港相关的单证操作。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 512, "txt": "与货物进出港相关的单证操作。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/p[10]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "示例：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 514, "txt": "示例：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/p[12]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一个从上海港出口的40英尺集装箱，其THC可能包含（价格不具导向，仅供参考）：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 516, "txt": "一个从上海港出口的40英尺集装箱，其THC可能包含（价格不具导向，仅供参考）：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/p[12]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "装卸费：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 518, "txt": "装卸费：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/ul/li[1]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "¥400", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 519, "txt": "¥400", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/ul/li[1]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "堆存费（7天内免费）：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 521, "txt": "堆存费（7天内免费）：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/ul/li[2]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "超期后¥50/天", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 522, "txt": "超期后¥50/天", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/ul/li[2]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "设备使用费：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 524, "txt": "设备使用费：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/ul/li[3]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "¥200", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 525, "txt": "¥200", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/ul/li[3]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "三、THC如何计算？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 527, "txt": "三、THC如何计算？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[7]/section[1]/section/section/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "THC的计费标准因港口、船公司、集装箱类型而异，核心规则如下：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 529, "txt": "THC的计费标准因港口、船公司、集装箱类型而异，核心规则如下：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[8]/p[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "集装箱类型：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 531, "txt": "集装箱类型：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[8]/p[4]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "20英尺柜（20GP）费用通常为40英尺柜（40GP/40HQ）的60%-70%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 533, "txt": "20英尺柜（20GP）费用通常为40英尺柜（40GP/40HQ）的60%-70%。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[8]/p[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "港口区位：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 535, "txt": "港口区位：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[8]/p[6]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "欧美主流港口THC较低（如洛杉矶港$120/20GP），部分偏港费用翻倍。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 537, "txt": "欧美主流港口THC较低（如洛杉矶港$120/20GP），部分偏港费用翻倍。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[8]/p[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "船公司策略：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 539, "txt": "船公司策略：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[8]/p[8]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "马士基、中远海运等大型船公司THC透明，部分中小船公司可能加收管理费。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 541, "txt": "马士基、中远海运等大型船公司THC透明，部分中小船公司可能加收管理费。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[8]/p[8]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2Xz79G2308fw2eQDIz1PCObc.webp", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 211, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2Xz79G2308fw2eQDIz1PCObc.webp", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[8]/p[10]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "四、THC与其他费用的区别", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 543, "txt": "四、THC与其他费用的区别", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[9]/section[1]/section/section/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "THC vs ORC（原产地收货费）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 545, "txt": "THC vs ORC（原产地收货费）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[11]/section/section/section/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "THC：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 547, "txt": "THC：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[12]/p[2]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "码头操作费，全球港口均可能收取。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 549, "txt": "码头操作费，全球港口均可能收取。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[12]/p[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "ORC：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 551, "txt": "ORC：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[12]/p[4]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "部分航线（如亚洲-欧洲）在起运港额外收取的“综合操作费”，常与THC重叠，需警惕重复收费。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 553, "txt": "部分航线（如亚洲-欧洲）在起运港额外收取的“综合操作费”，常与THC重叠，需警惕重复收费。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[12]/p[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "THC vs 燃油附加费（BAF）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 555, "txt": "THC vs 燃油附加费（BAF）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[13]/section/section/section/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "THC是固定操作成本，BAF随国际油价波动，两者独立计费。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 557, "txt": "THC是固定操作成本，BAF随国际油价波动，两者独立计费。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[14]/p[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "避坑提示：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 559, "txt": "避坑提示：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[14]/p[4]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "部分货代报价中可能将THC与其他费用（如文件费）打包为“本地费”，需要求拆分明细。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 561, "txt": "部分货代报价中可能将THC与其他费用（如文件费）打包为“本地费”，需要求拆分明细。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[14]/p[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "五、THC的争议与注意事项", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 563, "txt": "五、THC的争议与注意事项", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[15]/section[1]/section/section/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "争议点：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 565, "txt": "争议点：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[17]/section/section/section/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "费用不透明：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 567, "txt": "费用不透明：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[18]/p[2]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "部分港口THC调整未提前公告，导致货主被动接受涨价。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 569, "txt": "部分港口THC调整未提前公告，导致货主被动接受涨价。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[18]/p[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "重复收费：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 571, "txt": "重复收费：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[18]/p[4]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "少数船公司以“港口升级”为名加收附加THC。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 573, "txt": "少数船公司以“港口升级”为名加收附加THC。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[18]/p[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "应对策略：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 575, "txt": "应对策略：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[19]/section/section/section/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "签约前确认：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 577, "txt": "签约前确认：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[20]/p[2]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "要求货代提供起运港和目的港THC标准，写入合同。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 579, "txt": "要求货代提供起运港和目的港THC标准，写入合同。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[20]/p[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "关注豁免政策：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 581, "txt": "关注豁免政策：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[20]/p[4]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "部分港口对长期合作大客户提供THC折扣（如货量超500柜/年可享9折）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 583, "txt": "部分港口对长期合作大客户提供THC折扣（如货量超500柜/年可享9折）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[20]/p[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对比历史数据：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 585, "txt": "对比历史数据：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[20]/p[6]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过航运平台查询同一港口THC波动趋势，避免异常支出。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 587, "txt": "通过航运平台查询同一港口THC波动趋势，避免异常支出。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[20]/p[6]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "六、如何优化THC成本？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 589, "txt": "六、如何优化THC成本？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[21]/section[1]/section/section/p/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "集装箱利用率最大化：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 591, "txt": "集装箱利用率最大化：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[22]/p[2]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "合理配载货物，减少因重量/体积不足导致的“半柜”浪费。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 593, "txt": "合理配载货物，减少因重量/体积不足导致的“半柜”浪费。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[22]/p[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "例如：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 594, "txt": "例如：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[22]/p[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "40HQ柜若只装50%容积，THC均摊成本翻倍。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 595, "txt": "40HQ柜若只装50%容积，THC均摊成本翻倍。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[22]/p[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "规避滞期风险：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 597, "txt": "规避滞期风险：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[22]/p[4]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "提前规划提箱/还箱时间，避免超堆期产生额外堆存费。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 599, "txt": "提前规划提箱/还箱时间，避免超堆期产生额外堆存费。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[22]/p[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "例如：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 600, "txt": "例如：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[22]/p[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "盐田港免堆期7天，超期后THC日均加收¥100。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 601, "txt": "盐田港免堆期7天，超期后THC日均加收¥100。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[22]/p[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "选择THC透明渠道：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 603, "txt": "选择THC透明渠道：", "x": 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场地堆存：集装箱在码头内的临时存放（通常限免堆期，超期另收滞箱费）。 ### 设备使用：吊机、叉车等港口机械的运营维护成本。 ### 文件处理：与货物进出港相关的单证操作。 ### 示例：一个从上海港出口的40英尺集装箱，其THC可能包含（价格不具导向，仅供参考）： #### 装卸费：¥400 #### 堆存费（7天内免费）：超期后¥50/天 #### 设备使用费：¥200 ## 三、THC如何计算？ ### 集装箱类型：20英尺柜（20GP）费用通常为40英尺柜（40GP/40HQ）的60%-70%。 ### 港口区位：欧美主流港口THC较低（如洛杉矶港$120/20GP），部分偏港费用翻倍。 ### 船公司策略：马士基、中远海运等大型船公司THC透明，部分中小船公司可能加收管理费。 ## 四、THC与其他费用的区别 ### THC vs ORC（原产地收货费） #### THC：码头操作费，全球港口均可能收取。 #### ORC：部分航线（如亚洲-欧洲）在起运港额外收取的“综合操作费”，常与THC重叠，需警惕重复收费。 ### THC vs 燃油附加费（BAF） ## 五、THC的争议与注意事项 ### 争议点： #### 费用不透明：部分港口THC调整未提前公告，导致货主被动接受涨价。 #### 重复收费：少数船公司以“港口升级”为名加收附加THC。 ### 应对策略： #### 签约前确认：要求货代提供起运港和目的港THC标准，写入合同。 #### 关注豁免政策：部分港口对长期合作大客户提供THC折扣（如货量超500柜/年可享9折）。 #### 对比历史数据：通过航运平台查询同一港口THC波动趋势，避免异常支出。 ## 六、如何优化THC成本？ ### 集装箱利用率最大化： ### 规避滞期风险：提前规划提箱/还箱时间，避免超堆期产生额外堆存费。例如：盐田港免堆期7天，超期后THC日均加收¥100。 ### 选择THC透明渠道：优先合作公开THC明细的船公司（如CMA CGM官网提供全球港口THC查询工具）。 ## 七、THC虽小，但不可忽视
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506, "txt": "10.1016/j.watres.2024.123024", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/section/section[1]/section/p[6]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "本文验证了污泥生物炭（SB）和商业活性炭（AC）作为微生物燃料电池 - 人工湿地（MFC-CW）电极在碳限制环境中的潜力，并探索了其强化机制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 508, "txt": "本文", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/section/section[1]/section/p[7]/span[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 510, "txt": "验证了污泥生物炭（SB）和商业活性炭（AC）作为微生物燃料电池 - 人工湿地（MFC-CW）电极在碳限制环境中的潜力，并探索了其强化机制。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/section/section[1]/section/p[7]/span[2]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img 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516, "txt": "随着全球淡水需求的增长，在自然水体中使用再生水变得至关重要。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[9]/section/section[1]/section/p/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "人工湿地（CWs）因其环境效益而被广泛用于高级废水处理。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 517, "txt": "人工湿地（CWs）因其环境效益而被广泛用于高级废水处理。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[9]/section/section[1]/section/p/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，废水中较低的碳氮比（C/N）限制了氮的去除，往往导致水体富营养化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 518, "txt": "然而，废水中较低的碳氮比（C/N）限制了氮的去除，往往导致水体富营养化。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[9]/section/section[1]/section/p/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 33, 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"高通量测序和功能基因分析显示，MSBS-CW中的微生物群落发生了显著变化，特别是电活性细菌（Geobacter）、自养反硝化细菌（Hydrogenophaga, Thiobacillus）和厌氧氨氧化细菌（Candidatus_Brocadia）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 521, "txt": "高通量测序和功能基因分析显示，MSBS-CW中的微生物群落发生了显著变化，特别是电活性细菌（Geobacter）、自养反硝化细菌（Hydrogenophaga, Thiobacillus）和厌氧氨氧化细菌（Candidatus_Brocadia）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[9]/section/section[1]/section/p/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "电化学和材料表征表明，SB增强了阴极的电化学性能和阳极的生物相容性，从而提高了脱氮和能源生产。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 522, "txt": "电化学和材料表征表明，SB增强了阴极的电化学性能和阳极的生物相容性，从而提高了脱氮和能源生产。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[9]/section/section[1]/section/p/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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"/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[11]/section/section[1]/section/p/span[1]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "利用污水处理厂（WWTPs）的再生水是解决水资源短缺的有效途径。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 530, "txt": "利用污水处理厂（WWTPs）的再生水是解决水资源短缺的有效途径。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[11]/section/section[1]/section/p/span[1]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，废水往往含有较高水平的营养物质，尤其是硝酸盐（NO3-），直接排放未经深度处理的污水会导致水体富营养化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 531, "txt": "然而，废水往往含有较高水平的营养物质，尤其是硝酸盐（NO", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[11]/section/section[1]/section/p/span[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 533, "txt": "3", "x": 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{"txt": "1.基础模型停训，相关核心负责人提出离职准备创业，聚焦AI Coding方向。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 399, "txt": "1.基础模型停训，相关核心负责人提出离职准备创业，聚焦AI Coding方向。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.医疗线产品负责人准备离职创业。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 401, "txt": "2.医疗线产品负责人准备离职创业。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.人力正在做相关调整优化动作，人员或将达到百人规模，医疗To B业务作为此前百川的重点业务的部分，或将成为重点裁撤对象。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 403, "txt": "3.人力正在做相关调整优化动作，人员或将达到百人规模，医疗To B业务作为此前百川的重点业务的部分，或将成为重点裁撤对象。", "x": 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{"txt": "据《智能涌现》，此前百川智能负责To B业务的商业服务部门被裁撤，员工均在3月3日当天签署离职协议。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 418, "txt": "据《智能涌现》，此前百川智能负责To B业务的商业服务部门被裁撤，员工均在3月3日当天签署离职协议。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "《职场Bonus》从知情人士处了解到，上次调整优化B端组共40人左右。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 419, "txt": "《职场Bonus》从知情人士处了解到，上次调整优化B端组共40人左右。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "模型研发停摆，核心人员出走，裁撤此前“聚焦”的医疗To B业务，在加速前行的行业中，百川智能按下了暂停键。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 421, "txt": "模型研发停摆，核心人员出走，裁撤此前“聚焦”的医疗To B业务，在加速前行的行业中，百川智能按下了暂停键。", "x": 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{"atoms": [{"position_id": 426, "txt": "╱ 02", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/blockquote/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "catalog", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "急刹车，To C 寻生机 ╱ 03", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 428, "txt": "急刹车，To C 寻生机 ╱ 03", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/blockquote/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "catalog", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "基础模型训练停摆，核心负责人申请离职", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 430, "txt": "基础模型训练停摆，核心负责人申请离职", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/h2[1]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "今年初，模型研发技术负责人提离职，也是促成王小川调整优化决定的重要一环。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 432, "txt": "今年初，模型研发技术负责人提离职，也是促成王小川调整优化决定的重要一环。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "《职场Bonus》从资深猎头处获悉，业内对百川的基础模型团队，认可度还是很高的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 433, "txt": "《职场Bonus》从资深猎头处获悉，业内对百川的基础模型团队，认可度还是很高的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "核心技术负责人要出走，后续需重新招聘新技术负责人，待其适应后再推进研发工作。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 435, "txt": "核心技术负责人要出走，后续需重新招聘新技术负责人，待其适应后再推进研发工作。", "x": 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"label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "也是去年年中，百川预训练也近乎停摆，“不怎么做了，新订的卡都退掉了。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 446, "txt": "也是去年年中，百川预训练也近乎停摆，“不怎么做了，新订的卡都退掉了。”", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[16]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "百川成立之初，是要做“中国的ChatGPT”的，拿麻了融资。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 448, "txt": "百川成立之初，是要做“中国的ChatGPT”的，拿麻了融资。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "彼时，王小川高喊“超级模型+超级应用”双轮驱动的发展战略。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 449, "txt": "彼时，王小川高喊“超级模型+超级应用”双轮驱动的发展战略。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2023年，百川智能加速追赶，仅半年的时间，百川智能就发布了自己的开源模型baichuan-7B，模型能力也曾“手拿”ChatGLM，“脚踩”LLaMA。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 450, "txt": "2023年，百川智能加速追赶，仅半年的时间，百川智能就发布了自己的开源模型baichuan-7B，模型能力也曾“手拿”ChatGLM，“脚踩”LLaMA。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而开源7B模型后的26天，百川智能又开源了自己的商用大模型Baichuan-13B。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 451, "txt": "而开源7B模型后的26天，百川智能又开源了自己的商用大模型Baichuan-13B。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2024年上半年，王小川频繁在公开场合提到，“医疗是大模型‘皇冠上的明珠’”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 453, "txt": "2024年上半年，王小川频繁在公开场合提到，“医疗是大模型‘皇冠上的明珠’”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "医疗早就在王小川的心中埋下了深深的种子。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 454, "txt": "医疗早就在王小川的心中埋下了深深的种子。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2023年4月，在《智能涌现》与王小川的第一次对谈中，王小川就不吝表达了自己对生命健康的热爱和对医疗的兴趣。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 455, "txt": "2023年4月，在《智能涌现》与王小川的第一次对谈中，王小川就不吝表达了自己对生命健康的热爱和对医疗的兴趣。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不过，王小川在和《晚点》的对话中也曾表示，“不讲通用模型的故事，难拿到融资。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 457, "txt": "不过，王小川在和《晚点》的对话中也曾表示，“不讲通用模型的故事，难拿到融资。”", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然缓慢，但去年，百川的基础模型还是在跟进的，“至少那时候，多模态和强化学习还在做”，《职场Bonus》从一知情人处获悉，“但今年春节，DeepSeek来了，王小川突然不知道做模型有什么意义了。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 459, "txt": "虽然缓慢，但去年，百川的基础模型还是在跟进的，“至少那时候，多模态和强化学习还在做”，《职场Bonus》从一知情人处获悉，“", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[20]"}, {"position_id": 461, "txt": "但今年春节，DeepSeek来了，王小川突然不知道做模型有什么意义了", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[20]/strong"}, {"position_id": 463, "txt": "。”", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[20]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek是开源模型，技术平权的另一面是，很多闭源自研模型在To B的价值就被削弱了，这中间也包括百川。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 465, "txt": "DeepSeek是开源模型，技术平权的另一面是，很多闭源自研模型在To B的价值就被削弱了，这中间也包括百川。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其他大模型公司的员工向《职场Bonus》透露，有B端用户直接提出能否在部署闭源模型时的同时，接入DeepSeek模型。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 466, "txt": "其他大模型公司的员工向《职场Bonus》透露，有B端用户直接提出能否在部署闭源模型时的同时，接入DeepSeek模型。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "令人哭笑不得。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 467, "txt": "令人哭笑不得。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而与模型研发负责人的技术路径分歧，更让王小川看不清前路。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 469, "txt": "而与模型研发负责人的", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[22]"}, {"position_id": 471, "txt": "技术路径分歧", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[22]/strong[1]"}, {"position_id": 473, "txt": "，更让王小川看不清前路。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[22]/strong[1]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "知情人士告诉《职场Bonus》，这也是促使技术负责人离职的重要原因。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 474, "txt": "知情人士告诉《职场Bonus》，这也是", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[22]/strong[1]"}, {"position_id": 476, "txt": "促使技术负责人离职的重要原因", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[22]/strong[2]"}, {"position_id": 478, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[22]/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "王小川此前认为基础模型训练并不需要投入太多成本，并且判定自家技术半年之内追不上DeepSeek，因而春节过后基本什么都不做了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 479, "txt": "王小川此前认为基础模型训练并不需要投入太多成本，并且判定自家技术半年之内追不上DeepSeek，因而春节过后基本什么都不做了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[22]/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而前者并不认同这种做法。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 480, "txt": "而前者并不认同这种做法。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[22]/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "R2来临前的恐惧，“断臂”医疗 To B？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 482, "txt": "R2来临前的恐惧，“断臂”医疗 To B？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/h2[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "去年的百川，融资消息频传，技术、业务也在跟进，公司整体还是风光无限的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 484, "txt": "去年的百川，融资消息频传，技术、业务也在跟进，公司整体还是风光无限的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[23]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "知情人士称，去年早些，百川就计划布局金融领域。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 486, "txt": "知情人士称，去年早些，百川就计划布局金融领域。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "入局金融，是因为金融行业市场化更完善，收益高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 487, "txt": "入局金融，是因为金融行业市场化更完善，收益高。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "并且金融行业的资金还算充裕，有意愿，更有能力探索人工智能。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 488, "txt": "并且金融行业的资金还算充裕，有意愿，更有能力探索人工智能。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从《百川智能商业服务》公开信息来看，百川对金融的布局还是很深的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 490, "txt": "从《百川智能商业服务》公开信息来看，百川对金融的布局还是很深的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "百川智能商业服务部门2024年给百川带来了中国银行、北电数智、招商银行、信雅达、天开集团等多个头部企业客户和合作伙伴。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 491, "txt": "百川智能商业服务部门2024年给百川带来了中国银行、北电数智、招商银行、信雅达、天开集团等多个头部企业客户和合作伙伴。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而To B业务是百川造血等心脏，在2024年为百川带来了近1亿的收入，百川内部也曾预计2025年To B业务将成倍数增收。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 493, "txt": "而To B业务是百川造血等心脏，在2024年为百川带来了近1亿的收入，百川内部也曾预计2025年To B业务将成倍数增收。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[26]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To B业务的增长令百川信心倍增，百川智能联合创始人茹立云在接受《财新》专访时曾提到，公司2025年订单签约额将在10-20亿元的水平。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 494, "txt": "To B业务的增长令百川信心倍增，百川智能联合创始人茹立云在接受《财新》专访时曾提到，公司2025年订单签约额将在10-20亿元的水平。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[26]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而DeepSeek来了之后，一切都变了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 496, "txt": "而DeepSeek来了之后，一切都变了", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[27]/strong"}, {"position_id": 498, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[27]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不光王小川，大模型六小虎都陷入思考：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 500, "txt": "不光王小川，大模型六小虎都陷入思考：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[28]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比自己更强、更火，还开源的模型来了，我们大模型研发继续进行的意义在哪儿？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 501, "txt": "比自己更强、更火，还开源的模型来了，我们大模型研发继续进行的意义在哪儿？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[28]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果浪费大量时间精力跟上了，技术又更新了怎么办？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 502, "txt": "如果浪费大量时间精力跟上了，技术又更新了怎么办？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[28]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To B的商业化模式定制成本居高不下，还要继续吗？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 503, "txt": "To B的商业化模式定制成本居高不下，还要继续吗？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[28]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "频传的DeepSeek-R2提前发布的消息，更是加剧了AI六小虎的担忧。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 505, "txt": "频传的DeepSeek-R2提前发布的消息，更是加剧了AI六小虎的担忧。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2月25日，路透社消息称，DeepSeek正在加速推出其下一代AI模型R2，原计划于5月发布，但公司正在努力尽快推出。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 506, "txt": "2月25日，路透社消息称，DeepSeek正在加速推出其下一代AI模型R2，原计划于5月发布，但公司正在努力尽快推出。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另一接近百川智能的人士告诉《职场Bonus》，现在百川智能做的医疗商业化业务，也并不赚钱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 508, "txt": "另一接近百川智能的人士告诉《职场Bonus》，现在百川智能做的", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[30]"}, {"position_id": 510, "txt": "医疗商业化业务，也并不赚钱", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[30]/strong"}, {"position_id": 512, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[30]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "大模型项目的定制化程度高，导致的成本高等问题，也是业内一直不看好大模型To B商业模式的关键。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 513, "txt": "大模型项目的定制化程度高，导致的成本高等问题，也是业内一直不看好大模型To B商业模式的关键。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[30]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "协和医院接触过大模型研究的专家也告诉《职场Bonus》，医疗专用模型的普适性差。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 515, "txt": "协和医院接触过大模型研究的专家也告诉《职场Bonus》，", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[31]"}, {"position_id": 517, "txt": "医疗专用模型的普适性差", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[31]/strong"}, {"position_id": 519, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[31]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "由于临床经验之间的差异，医院用自己研究中心数据训练出来的医学专用模型，只适用于自己中心，套到别人家就会有明显的误差。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 520, "txt": "由于临床经验之间的差异，医院用自己研究中心数据训练出来的医学专用模型，只适用于自己中心，套到别人家就会有明显的误差。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[31]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不仅如此，单家医院用来训练大模型的数据量很有限，而医院与医院之间，也因为临床水平之间的差异，数据与数据之间很难互通。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 522, "txt": "不仅如此，单家医院用来训练大模型的数据量很有限，而医院与医院之间，也因为临床水平之间的差异，数据与数据之间很难互通。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[32]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "并且，出于对病人隐私的保护，医院的数据也是禁止出院的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 523, "txt": "并且，出于对病人隐私的保护，医院的数据也是禁止出院的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[32]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这也增加了医疗模型的训练难度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 524, "txt": "这也增加了医疗模型的训练难度。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[32]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "医疗To B本也是一块难啃的骨头。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 526, "txt": "医疗To B本也是一块难啃的骨头。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "商业化来说，在我国的体系里，医疗是不能做盈利机构的行业之一。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 527, "txt": "商业化来说，在我国的体系里，医疗是不能做盈利机构的行业之一。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "医院虽然以积极开放的态度拥抱AI，但上百万一年的定制化模型开支，对医院来说仍是一笔巨款。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 528, "txt": "医院虽然以积极开放的态度拥抱AI，但上百万一年的定制化模型开支，对医院来说仍是一笔巨款。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "大厂涌入医疗，更是让百川难上加难。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 530, "txt": "大厂涌入医疗，更是让百川难上加难。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[34]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "年初，蚂蚁集团与好大夫在线正式宣布完成收购；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 531, "txt": "年初，蚂蚁集团与好大夫在线正式宣布完成收购；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[34]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "近日，夸克招聘医疗大模型相关负责人；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 532, "txt": "近日，夸克招聘医疗大模型相关负责人；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[34]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3月7日，华为正式宣布组建医疗卫生军团，聚焦AI辅助诊断及医疗大模型应用。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 533, "txt": "3月7日，华为正式宣布组建医疗卫生军团，聚焦AI辅助诊断及医疗大模型应用。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[34]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在“危急”形势下，百川“断臂”医疗 To B。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 535, "txt": "在“危急”形势下，百川“断臂”医疗 To B。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "急刹车，To C寻生机", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 537, "txt": "急刹车，To C寻生机", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/h2[3]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "业内对王小川调整商业服务部的决定还是都比较唏嘘的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 539, "txt": "业内对王小川调整商业服务部的决定还是都比较唏嘘的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[36]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“比起调整金融，大家更希望看到他调整医疗。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 540, "txt": "“", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[36]"}, {"position_id": 542, "txt": "比起调整金融，大家更希望看到他调整医疗", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[36]/strong"}, {"position_id": 544, "txt": "。”", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[36]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一位投资人表示。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 545, "txt": "一位投资人表示。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[36]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因为金融本就是IT天然大户，信息都是数字化的，并且数据量也很大，更适合在B端做出一些成果。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 547, "txt": "因为金融本就是IT天然大户，信息都是数字化的，并且数据量也很大，更适合在B端做出一些成果。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "百川本身技术也不弱，深度做To B场景，积累起自己的Know-How，理论上还是收益还是可观的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 548, "txt": "百川本身技术也不弱，深度做To B场景，积累起自己的Know-How，理论上还是收益还是可观的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而医疗本就是一个不太好B端商业化的行业，并且Know-How壁垒很高，增长也相对慢很多，PS倍数低 [1] 。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 550, "txt": "而医疗本就是一个不太好B端商业化的行业，并且Know-How壁垒很高，增长也相对慢很多，PS倍数低 [1] 。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[38]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个决定也侧面反映出王小川对To B商业模式的不太看好。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 552, "txt": "这个决定也侧面反映出王小川对To B商业模式的不太看好。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但许多从业者指出，王小川对To B的认知确实还是比较浅。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 553, "txt": "但许多从业者指出，", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[39]"}, {"position_id": 555, "txt": "王小川对To B的认知确实还是比较浅", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[39]/strong"}, {"position_id": 557, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[39]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "六小虎公司在To B商业化上还是有机会塑造优势的，因为B端商业化，实际上看的是谁更用客户的需求，模型能力排在下位。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 558, "txt": "六小虎公司在To B商业化上还是有机会塑造优势的，因为B端商业化，实际上看的是谁更用客户的需求，模型能力排在下位。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[39]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“而这也并不能全怪王小川，To B和To C的逻辑确实不太一样，不互通是常事。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 560, "txt": "“而这也并不能全怪王小川，To B和To C的逻辑确实不太一样，不互通是常事。”", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[40]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一位行业人员表示。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 561, "txt": "一位行业人员表示。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[40]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "据《智能涌现》，零一万物最近又拆分数字人业务。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 563, "txt": "据《智能涌现》，零一万物最近又拆分数字人业务。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此前则是“打包”预训练、Infra团队，靠拆分的手段“造血”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 564, "txt": "此前则是“打包”预训练、Infra团队，靠拆分的手段“造血”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一位从业人员告诉《职场Bonus》，零一万物也是账上资金告急，不得不为之的举动。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 565, "txt": "一位从业人员告诉《职场Bonus》，零一万物也是账上资金告急，不得不为之的举动。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但与零一万物不同的是，百川账上还有钱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 567, "txt": "但与零一万物不同的是，", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[42]"}, {"position_id": 569, "txt": "百川账上还有钱", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[42]/strong"}, {"position_id": 571, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[42]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一位接近百川的业内人士估测称，“百川智能账上应该还有30多亿”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 572, "txt": "一位接近百川的业内人士估测称，“百川智能账上应该还有30多亿”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[42]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "王小川现在这么做，可能是想先精简团队成本，再细水长流，伺机而动。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 573, "txt": "王小川现在这么做，可能是想先精简团队成本，再细水长流，伺机而动。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[42]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3月17日，《智能涌现》也提到，百川正在讨论如何将医疗和“百小应”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 575, "txt": "3月17日，《智能涌现》也提到，百川正在讨论如何将医疗和“百小应”", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "结合，研发C端医疗产品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 576, "txt": "结合，研发C端医疗产品。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而前一阵Manus的爆火，已经验证了C端对大模型、Agent的热情。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 578, "txt": "而前一阵Manus的爆火，已经验证了C端对大模型、Agent的热情。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[44]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但现阶段来说，市面上能够将 Agent 产品打造出特色的公司屈指可数，而以百川智能的技术底色依旧可以胜任，这也为百川创造了良好的发展契机。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 579, "txt": "但现阶段来说，市面上能够将 Agent 产品打造出特色的公司屈指可数，而以百川智能的技术底色依旧可以胜任，这也为百川创造了良好的发展契机。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[44]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而对王小川来说，能回到自己擅长的领域，未尝不是一件好事。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 580, "txt": "而对王小川来说，能回到自己擅长的领域，未尝不是一件好事。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[44]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "只要百川还留在牌桌上，就还有机会。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 582, "txt": "只要百川还留在牌桌上，就还有机会。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[45]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[1] PS倍数（市销率，Price-to-Sales Ratio，P/S）是一种用于公司估值的财务指标，它通过将公司的总市值或股价与销售收入进行对比，来衡量投资者对公司销售额的估值水平。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 584, "txt": "[1] PS倍数（市销率，Price-to-Sales Ratio，P/S）是一种用于公司估值的财务指标，它通过将公司的总市值或股价与销售收入进行对比，来衡量投资者对公司销售额的估值水平。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[46]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "高PS倍数表明市场对公司未来的增长潜力和盈利能力有较高的预期；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 585, "txt": "高PS倍数表明市场对公司未来的增长潜力和盈利能力有较高的预期；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[46]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "低PS倍数可能表明公司当前被市场低估，尤其是如果公司具有稳定的销售收入和潜在的增长机会。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 586, "txt": "低PS倍数可能表明公司当前被市场低估，尤其是如果公司具有稳定的销售收入和潜在的增长机会。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[46]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "撰文 \|陈佳惠", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 588, "txt": "撰文 ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[48]"}, {"position_id": 590, "txt": "\|", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[48]/strong[1]"}, {"position_id": 592, "txt": "陈佳惠", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[48]/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "编辑 \|陈桐", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 594, "txt": "编辑 ", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[49]"}, {"position_id": 596, "txt": "\|", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[49]/strong[1]"}, {"position_id": 598, "txt": "陈桐", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[49]/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "排版 \| 宋九卿", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 600, "txt": "排版 ", "x": 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https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1OxtZR43RXlb29gBE34pn3FI.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 365, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1OxtZR43RXlb29gBE34pn3FI.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[53]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "36氪「职场Bonus」（ID：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 608, "txt": "36氪「职场Bonus」（ID：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[54]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "ZhiChangHongLi）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 609, "txt": "ZhiChangHongLi）", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[54]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1bjJDp14Tu0u4tskiK3tUHBq.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 369, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1bjJDp14Tu0u4tskiK3tUHBq.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[56]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "36氪「职场Bonus」（ID：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 611, "txt": "36氪「职场Bonus」（ID：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[57]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "ZhiChangHongLi）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 612, "txt": "ZhiChangHongLi）", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[57]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "本文来自微信公众号“职场Bonus”（ID:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 614, "txt": "本文来自微信公众号", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[58]"}, {"position_id": 616, "txt": "“职场Bonus”（ID:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[3]/div/p[58]/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "source", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "ZhiChangHongLi），作者：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": 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"content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# Bonus独家 \| 百川智能急刹车，调整医疗ToB，基础研发停摆 ## 基础模型训练停摆，核心负责人申请离职 ## R2来临前的恐惧，“断臂”医疗 To B？ ## 急刹车，To C寻生机
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All Rights Reserved", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1284, "txt": "Copyright ©1999-2025 chinanews.com. All Rights Reserved", "x": "/html/body/div[10]/div[3]/div[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 197, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "评论", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1286, "txt": "评论", "x": "/html/body/div[14]/div[1]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 204, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "顶部", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1288, "txt": "顶部", "x": "/html/body/div[14]/div[2]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 207, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 两会受权发布丨第十四届全国人民代表大会财政经济委员会关于2024年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2025年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的审查结果报告 ## 　　一、2024年计划执行情况总体较好 ## 　　二、2025年计划安排总体可行 ## 　　三、建议批准计划报告和计划草案 ## 　　四、做好2025年计划执行工作的建议
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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一直以来，爱集微凭借强大的媒体平台和原创内容生产力，全方位跟踪全球半导体行业热点，为全球用户提供专业的资讯服务。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 676, "txt": "一直以来，爱集微凭借强大的媒体平台和原创内容生产力，全方位跟踪全球半导体行业热点，为全球用户提供专业的资讯服务。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[57]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此次，爱集微推出《海外芯片股》系列，将聚焦海外半导体上市公司，第一时间跟踪海外上市公司的公告发布、新闻动态和深度分析，敬请关注。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 677, "txt": "此次，爱集微推出《海外芯片股》系列，将聚焦海外半导体上市公司，第一时间跟踪海外上市公司的公告发布、新闻动态和深度分析，敬请关注。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[57]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "《海外芯片股》系列主要跟踪覆盖的企业包括美国、欧洲、日本、韩国、中国台湾等全球半导体主要生产和消费地的上市公司，目前跟踪企业数量超过110家，后续仍将不断更替完善企业数据库。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 678, "txt": 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{"txt": "感知芯片、决策芯片和控制芯片。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 877, "txt": "感知芯片、决策芯片和控制芯片。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[76]/span/strong[5]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 107, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.亚马逊首款量子芯片Ocelot发布——继谷歌、微软发布量子计算芯片之后，亚马逊也在近日发布了自家的第一代量子计算芯片Ocelot，首次实现了可扩展的玻色子纠错架构，量子纠错成本可降低90%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 879, "txt": "2", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[77]/span/strong[1]"}, {"position_id": 881, "txt": ".", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[77]/span/strong[2]"}, {"position_id": 883, "txt": "亚马逊首款量子芯片", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[77]/span/strong[3]"}, {"position_id": 885, "txt": "Ocelot", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[77]/span/strong[4]"}, {"position_id": 887, "txt": "发布", 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Microsystems正吸引更大竞争对手安森美半导体（On Semi）的收购兴趣。 ##### 3.SkyWater宣布收购英飞凌得州200毫米晶圆厂Fab25——SkyWater已与英飞凌科技达成协议，由SkyWater购买英飞凌位于美国得克萨斯州奥斯汀的200毫米晶圆厂（“Fab25”）并签订相应的长期供应协议。 ##### 4.SK海力士宣布龙仁半导体产业园首座晶圆厂开建——SK海力士2月25日宣布，在龙仁半导体园区内启动其首座半导体生产工厂（晶圆厂）的建设。 ##### 5.创企PsiQuantum计划量产量子芯片Omega——美国量子技术初创公司PsiQuantum表示，已经攻克量子计算领域的关键挑战之一：一种制造量子芯片的方法，可以制造出具有商业可行性的设备。 #### 市场与舆情 ##### 1.三星推进半导体材料本土化，减少对日依赖——三星电子正在推动关键半导体材料的本土化，此举引起广泛关注，因为该公司试图减少对日本进口的严重依赖。 ##### 2.英特尔再度推迟在美芯片厂完工时间——美国芯片制造商英特尔日前宣布推迟在美国俄亥俄州完成两家新制造工厂的时间表。 ##### 4.开源芯片平台eFabless突发关闭，Tiny Tapeout项目受重创——开源芯片平台先驱eFabless已关闭，影响了Tiny Tapeout项目的最新一轮的晶圆流片。 #### 技术与合作 ##### 1.MIPS将战略转向机器人和芯片设计——MIPS周二宣布将转变战略，设计一套用于人工智能机器人的芯片。 ##### 2.亚马逊首款量子芯片Ocelot发布——继谷歌、微软发布量子计算芯片之后，亚马逊也在近日发布了自家的第一代量子计算芯片Ocelot，首次实现了可扩展的玻色子纠错架构，量子纠错成本可降低90%。 ##### 3.传SK海力士HBM4测试良率达70%——据报道，SK海力士已将其第六代高带宽存储器“HBM4”的测试良率提升至70%。 ##### 4.ST与三安光电8吋SiC合资晶圆厂今日通线——2月27日，意法半导体中国宣布，和三安光电在重庆设立的8英寸碳化硅晶圆合资制造厂现已正式通线。 ##### 5.美光首家推出采用EUV技术的1γ DDR5 DRAM芯片——美光科技宣布已开始向部分生态系统合作伙伴和客户出货1γ（1-gamma）16Gbit DDR5 DRAM芯片。
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"global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4qUZG23UxytkRQZd21DD0bU.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 253, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4qUZG23UxytkRQZd21DD0bU.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/article/div[2]/figure[18]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "雷军表示：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 396, "txt": "雷军表示：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/article/div[2]/p[74]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "时代大潮，浩浩荡荡，先进科技，滚滚而来，一个全新的时代已经开启，属于小米的新传奇正在展开。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 397, "txt": "时代大潮，浩浩荡荡，先进科技，滚滚而来，一个全新的时代已经开启，属于小米的新传奇正在展开。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/article/div[2]/p[74]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在这个格局巨变的时代，以两个Ultra为代表的超高端产品的发布，将会是一系列深刻变革的开始。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 399, "txt": "在这个格局巨变的时代，以两个Ultra为代表的超高端产品的发布，将会是一系列深刻变革的开始。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/article/div[2]/p[76]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "文章系品牌赞助提供，与数字尾巴立场无关。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 401, "txt": "文章系品牌赞助提供，与数字尾巴立场无关。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/article/div[2]/h4"}]}, "tags": ["h4"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 小米15 Ultra、SU7 Ultra、米家中央空调Pro等高端新品重磅发布 ## 小米 15 Ultra：全焦段“夜景封神”，打造6K+「巅峰影像科技旗舰」 ## 小米SU7 Ultra：重新定义豪车标准，打造属于这个时代的「新豪车」 ## 吹响未来五年高端化号角，一个全新的时代开始了
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"IOS"}, {"txt": "但经验告诉我们，市场是动态的，它在不同的时间段对不同的股票内在属性的偏好是不同的，所以我们需要将股票静态的内在属性转为动态内在属性，构建股票的动态市场状态因子，即计算个股内在属性与当天市场热度风格的相似度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.58, 0.295, 0.652, 0.305], [0.059, 0.316, 0.662, 0.328], [0.058, 0.337, 0.653, 0.349], [0.059, 0.359, 0.498, 0.37]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一因子本身并无选股能力，但与上述模型拼接后，生成更为有效的DL_EM_Dynamic因子。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.498, 0.359, 0.652, 0.37], [0.058, 0.38, 0.592, 0.391]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "具体可参见《量化专题报告：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.592, 0.38, 0.652, 0.391], [0.059, 0.401, 0.217, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "深度学习如何利用公募持仓网络优化选股效果？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.217, 0.401, 0.571, 0.412]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 225, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "》。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.571, 0.401, 0.593, 0.413]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 226, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "图4:DL_EM Dynamic因子构建框架", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.065, 0.431, 0.359, 0.445]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.063, 0.442, 0.915, 0.629]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "资料来源：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.068, 0.636, 0.126, 0.644]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "民生证券研究院绘制", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.126, 0.636, 0.238, 0.644]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 230, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "组合构建：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.056, 0.661, 0.657, 0.716]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "按照之前报告中的方法，可根据因子值构建中证1000指数增强组合，约束跟踪误差为$5\\%$，行业主动暴露$\\pm 0.02$，风格暴露$\\pm 0.5$，个股约束$3\\%$。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.056, 0.661, 0.657, 0.716]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 232, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "周度调仓，回测采用次日vwap价格，交易成本为双边千分之二。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.056, 0.661, 0.657, 0.716]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 233, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.056, 0.96, 0.934, 0.971]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 234, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.057, 0.04, 0.239, 0.076]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 235, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.834, 0.062, 0.942, 0.073]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 236, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "图5:DL_EM_Dynamic因子中证1000指数增强组合净值", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.065, 0.119, 0.51, 0.134]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 237, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.074, 0.143, 0.649, 0.42]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 238, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "资料来源：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.069, 0.435, 0.131, 0.442]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "wind，民生证券研究院", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.131, 0.435, 0.259, 0.443]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 240, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "DL_EM_Dynamic因子中证1000指数增强组合2025年三月录得超额收益6.6%，超额净值创新高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.461, 0.653, 0.471], [0.059, 0.483, 0.243, 0.493]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 241, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "组合自2019年以来年化收益29.7%，年化超额收益23.4%，信息比率2.03，超额收益累计最大回撤-10.1％。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.243, 0.483, 0.653, 0.493], [0.059, 0.504, 0.47, 0.514]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 242, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "下表为最新打分前50股票。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.47, 0.504, 0.653, 0.514], 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{"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.834, 0.062, 0.942, 0.073]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 250, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2.2 Meta_RiskControl 因子", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.058, 0.118, 0.363, 0.134]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 251, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "回顾历史我们发现，深度学习因子的回撤大都发生在某些风格因子变化较快的时刻。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.093, 0.161, 0.653, 0.172], [0.06, 0.182, 0.116, 0.194]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 252, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从而，一个自然的想法就是在深度学习模型中加入对于因子暴露的控制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.182, 0.641, 0.193]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 253, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们将模型的输出乘以对应股票的因子暴露，一起作为output，并在loss函数中体现。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.059, 0.204, 0.652, 0.214], [0.059, 0.225, 0.102, 0.236]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 254, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "具体地，我们用预测label的多头部分风格暴露减去空头部分风格暴露，并在IC的基础上添加对于风格偏离与风格动量的惩罚作为最终的损失函数。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.102, 0.225, 0.653, 0.237], [0.059, 0.246, 0.592, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 255, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "鉴于元增量学习具有对于市场变化快速适应的能力，我们可以将这一框架与模型进行结合。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.092, 0.275, 0.652, 0.286], [0.059, 0.296, 0.166, 0.308]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 256, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "将底层模型改为加入风格输入后的ALSTM模型，并在损失函数中加入风格偏离的控制，在外层沿用在《量化专题报告：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.166, 0.296, 0.652, 0.307], [0.059, 0.318, 0.446, 0.328]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 257, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从增量学习到元学习-深度学习训练新框架》中提出的元增量学习框架。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.446, 0.318, 0.653, 0.329], [0.058, 0.339, 0.384, 0.35]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 258, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "综合来说，应用加入风格惩罚的元增量学习模型可以较好地控制模型回撤。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.384, 0.339, 0.652, 0.35], [0.058, 0.36, 0.338, 0.371]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 259, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "重新对模型多头端进行风格分析，发现模型的风格偏离降低，且风格波动减小，帮助模型控制了风险具体可参见《量化专题报告：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.338, 0.36, 0.652, 0.371], [0.059, 0.382, 0.652, 0.393], [0.059, 0.403, 0.083, 0.413]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 260, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "深度学习如何控制策略风险？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.083, 0.403, 0.302, 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"edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "资料来源：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.067, 0.619, 0.129, 0.626]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 265, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "民生证券研究院绘制", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.129, 0.619, 0.243, 0.628]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 266, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "组合构建：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.056, 0.644, 0.658, 0.721]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 267, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "利用Meta_RiskControl 因子分别构建沪深300，中证500与中证1000指数增强组合。", "language": "chinese", 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"bbox": [[0.51, 0.839, 0.568, 0.847]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 769, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.056, 0.961, 0.934, 0.97]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 770, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "PDF"}	# 深度学习因子月报DL_EM_Dynamic 因子三月实现超额收益6.6％ 2025年04月10日 ## 1 深度学习因子近期表现概览 ## 2各因子介绍和指数增强组合表现 ### 2.1 DL_EM_Dynamic 因子 ### 2.2 Meta_RiskControl 因子 #### 回顾历史我们发现，深度学习因子的回撤大都发生在某些风格因子变化较快的时刻。 #### 鉴于元增量学习具有对于市场变化快速适应的能力，我们可以将这一框架与模型进行结合。 #### 组合构建： ### 2.3 Meta_Master 因子 #### 将市场信息纳入模型中进行训练，相比Transformer 收益预测模型可以获得稳定提升。 #### 进一步利用深度风险模型计算新的市场状态，并替换损失函数和训练框架，获得了进一步提升。 #### 组合构建： ### 2.4深度学习可转债因子 #### 将深度学习应用于可转债投资，相对传统量化可转债投资策略收益得到显著提升。 #### 深度学习可转债因子最近表现尚可。 #### 各类型转债2025年3月超额收益有所差异。 #### 深度学习可转债因子继续偏好高评级转债，最新截面各类型转债top50打分数据如下： ## 3 风险提示 ### 1）量化结论基于历史统计，如未来环境发生变化存在失效可能。 ### 2）选股模型结论不构成投资建议，实际投资还需要考虑外部市场环境、估值等因素并进一步评估。
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"position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.422, 0.928, 0.924, 0.939]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.701, 0.026, 0.907, 0.066]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.076, 0.043, 0.173, 0.06]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "亿美元且为历史最高值，显示出关税威胁下的抢进口行为。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.287, 0.07, 0.736, 0.081]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在1月外贸数据和2月PMI数据发布之后，亚特兰大联储GDPNow模型将美国一季度实际GDP环比年率预估从2.3％下调到-2.4%，其中个人消费和固定投资分别拉动0.3和0.39个百分点，库存投资和政府支出分别拉动0.43和0.31个百分点，净出口拖累3.84个百分点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.736, 0.07, 0.898, 0.08], [0.285, 0.093, 0.902, 0.104], [0.286, 0.119, 0.902, 0.129], [0.286, 0.143, 0.902, 0.153], [0.286, 0.167, 0.329, 0.178]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "相比较，2024年四季度美国实际GDP环比年率增长2.35%，其中个人消费和政府支出分别拉动2.79和0.49个百分点，固定投资和库存投资分别拖累0.24和0.81个百分点，净出口拉动0.12个百分点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.329, 0.167, 0.901, 0.178], [0.286, 0.191, 0.904, 0.2], [0.285, 0.214, 0.645, 0.226]]}]}, 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"language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.364, 0.353, 0.901, 0.363], [0.284, 0.378, 0.641, 0.388]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2月28日乌克兰总统泽连斯基赴华盛顿与美国总统特朗普会晤，但两人在白宫新闻发布会上闹翻，此后美国暂停对乌克兰的军事援助、情报共享以及星链服务。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.32, 0.419, 0.901, 0.428], [0.286, 0.443, 0.901, 0.453], [0.286, 0.467, 0.31, 0.477]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "泽连斯基周末赴乌克兰寻求欧洲领导人支持，但欧洲领导人的支持以美国安全保障为前提条件。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.31, 0.467, 0.902, 0.478], [0.286, 0.49, 0.436, 0.502]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", 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3, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "欧洲和乌克兰必须在谈判桌上占有一席之地，停战必须是长期协议的先决条件；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.613, 0.142, 0.904, 0.148], [0.285, 0.167, 0.611, 0.178]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "乌克兰必须得到安全保障，其领土完整必须得到尊重；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.611, 0.167, 0.901, 0.177], [0.286, 0.191, 0.416, 0.201]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "欧盟加强对乌克兰的财政和军事支持。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.416, 0.191, 0.717, 0.202]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3月4日美国决定对墨西哥、加拿大和中国进口商品加征关税而三国也坚定反制。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.32, 0.233, 0.897, 0.243], [0.285, 0.256, 0.333, 0.267]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "特朗普决定如期对加拿大和墨西哥征收25％关税，并称通过控制芬太尼流入美国来换取关税豁免的方案已不再可行，需要在美国建立汽车工厂等设施以避免关税；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.333, 0.256, 0.898, 0.267], [0.285, 0.281, 0.901, 0.29], [0.285, 0.304, 0.35, 0.315]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "特朗普也以芬太尼问题为由，将对中国商品加征关税税率从10％提高到20%，中国国务院关税税则委员会发布公告，自2025年3月10日起，对原产于美国的鸡肉、小麦、玉米和棉花加征15％关税，对原产于美国的高粱、大豆、猪肉、牛肉、水产品、水果、蔬菜和乳制品加征10％关税；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.35, 0.304, 0.896, 0.315], [0.284, 0.33, 0.903, 0.34], [0.286, 0.353, 0.903, 0.365], [0.286, 0.378, 0.678, 0.388]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中国商务部将莱多斯公司等15家美国实体列入出口管制管控名单，禁止向15家美国实体出口两用物项；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.678, 0.378, 0.897, 0.389], [0.285, 0.403, 0.871, 0.413]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "将特科姆公司等10家实体列入不可靠实体清单，禁止上述企业从事与中国有关的进出口活动以及在中国境内新增投资，禁止不可靠实体清单中的美国因美纳公司向中国出口基因测序仪。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.871, 0.403, 0.897, 0.413], [0.285, 0.426, 0.903, 0.437], [0.286, 0.45, 0.901, 0.462], [0.286, 0.474, 0.453, 0.485]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "加拿大宣布对总值1550亿加元（约1070亿美元）的美国进口商品征收25％的反制关税，首批300亿加元商品关税将于3月4日生效，剩余1250亿加元商品关税措施将在21日后生效；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.453, 0.474, 0.9, 0.485], [0.288, 0.5, 0.897, 0.51], [0.285, 0.524, 0.624, 0.534]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "墨西哥将于9日宣布针对美加征关税的反制措施，加拿大总理特鲁多和墨西哥总统谢因鲍姆均表示已经做好与特朗普谈判的准备。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.624, 0.524, 0.897, 0.534], [0.285, 0.548, 0.901, 0.558], [0.287, 0.571, 0.399, 0.583]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3月5日特朗普决定给予福特、通用汽车和斯特兰蒂斯汽车公司为期一个月的关税豁免，对其通过美墨加协定从墨西哥和加拿大进口的汽车产品免除25％的进口关税。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.399, 0.571, 0.895, 0.583], [0.287, 0.596, 0.901, 0.606], [0.286, 0.62, 0.447, 0.631]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "图5：美欧日中央行政策利率", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.08, 0.665, 0.336, 0.679]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.072, 0.686, 0.476, 0.869]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "数据来源：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.081, 0.871, 0.156, 0.88]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Wind，建信期货研究发展部", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.156, 0.871, 0.368, 0.881]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "图6：美联储2025年底政策利率预期", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.51, 0.665, 0.827, 0.678]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.5, 0.691, 0.901, 0.865]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "数据来源：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.51, 0.871, 0.589, 0.881]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "MacroMicro，建信期货研究发展部", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.589, 0.871, 0.847, 0.881]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.422, 0.927, 0.924, 0.938]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.701, 0.026, 0.906, 0.067]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.076, 0.043, 0.173, 0.06]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "3月6日欧洲央行下调政策利率25BP，实现自2024年6月份以来的第六次降息，美欧政策利差从最小87.5BP扩大到172.5BP。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.32, 0.069, 0.903, 0.08], [0.285, 0.093, 0.67, 0.104]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "欧洲央行表示利率正在变得不那么限制性，反通胀进程进展顺利，潜在价格数据显示将在持续的基础上实现2％目标（此前表示将在今年内实现通胀目标）；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.67, 0.093, 0.903, 0.104], [0.285, 0.118, 0.904, 0.128], [0.288, 0.143, 0.61, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这暗示通胀降温以及财政扩张预期可能使得欧洲央行放缓降息步伐。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.61, 0.143, 0.902, 0.153], [0.286, 0.166, 0.528, 0.178]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "目前市场预期美联储将在6月、7月和10月会议分别降息25BP，概率分别为88.9％、59.2％和56.9％。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.528, 0.166, 0.903, 0.177], [0.286, 0.191, 0.685, 0.201]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "二、贵金属市场分析", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.287, 0.239, 0.497, 0.252]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "2.1 美债利率与美元汇率", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.284, 0.277, 0.507, 0.29]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2025年初至今美元指数在冲高至110之后震荡回落到104附近，因新政不确定性、关税武器化、联邦机构整顿以及加州山火和禽流感等外部因素因素在短期内抑制美国经济增长动能，美联储探讨暂停或放缓缩表进程以应对债务上限问题解决前可能出现的美国银行系统准备金波动风险，特朗普强力介入俄乌冲突降低了地缘政治风险带来的避险需求，欧洲财政刺激预期显著提振欧洲国债利率和欧元汇率。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.32, 0.312, 0.903, 0.322], [0.285, 0.336, 0.901, 0.347], [0.285, 0.36, 0.901, 0.371], [0.286, 0.385, 0.902, 0.395], [0.288, 0.409, 0.901, 0.419], [0.286, 0.433, 0.348, 0.444]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "全年看，由于美国政府财政扩张与美联储紧缩货币构成正反馈循环，特朗普2.0关税武器化在增强美国经济就业通胀韧性的同时也会削弱海外经济增长动能，我们预计2025年美元指数继续偏强运行，美元指数核心波动区间为103-114；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.348, 0.433, 0.902, 0.444], [0.285, 0.457, 0.9, 0.467], [0.286, 0.482, 0.856, 0.492], [0.285, 0.507, 0.354, 0.516]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但由于特朗普2.0新政以及外部短期因素对美国经济的冲击，在美国通过降税减费政策以及美国经济就业通胀韧性再度增强之前美元指数将有阶段性降温过程。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.354, 0.507, 0.903, 0.517], [0.286, 0.53, 0.9, 0.54], [0.285, 0.555, 0.352, 0.565]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "特朗普2.0关税武器化威胁冲击中国外贸形势并施压人民币汇率，但有迹象表明中国决策层有意维持人民币汇率稳定，我们判断2025年人民币汇率整体偏弱但贬值幅度取决于中美博弈因此存在较大不确定性，人民币兑美元汇率核心波动区间为7.1-7.7。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.352, 0.555, 0.9, 0.565], [0.285, 0.578, 0.903, 0.589], [0.286, 0.603, 0.9, 0.612], [0.285, 0.627, 0.447, 0.637]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "图7：美元与人民币汇率", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.08, 0.672, 0.294, 0.685]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.075, 0.693, 0.476, 0.875]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "数据来源：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.081, 0.878, 0.156, 0.887]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Wind，建信期货研究发展部", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.156, 0.878, 0.368, 0.888]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "图8：美国国债期限利差", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.51, 0.672, 0.724, 0.685]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.501, 0.693, 0.901, 0.874]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "数据来源：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.51, 0.877, 0.588, 0.888]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Wind，建信期货研究发展部", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.588, 0.877, 0.797, 0.888]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.422, 0.927, 0.925, 0.938]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.701, 0.026, 0.906, 0.067]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.076, 0.043, 0.173, 0.06]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2024年美国国债利率曲线利差从倒挂转为正向，3个月期美债利率回落103BP，而2年期和10年期国债利率分别上行2BP和70BP，主要是就业市场缓解与通胀韧性减弱使得美联储开启降息进程，但美联储降息与美国政府财政扩张重新增强就业与通胀韧性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.32, 0.07, 0.865, 0.079], [0.285, 0.094, 0.903, 0.105], [0.286, 0.118, 0.901, 0.129], [0.286, 0.143, 0.469, 0.153]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2025年初至今美国10年期国债利率先从4.58％回升到4.79％再回落到4.16%，特朗普对内大规模驱逐移民、整顿联邦机构以及对外关税武器化使得美国经济衰退风险显著上升，市场对美联储降息预期再度升温。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.469, 0.143, 0.892, 0.153], [0.284, 0.167, 0.903, 0.177], [0.285, 0.191, 0.857, 0.202]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "全年看，美国政府财政扩张以及地缘政治机遇增强美国经济就业与通胀韧性，但美联储政策利率和美元汇率偏高运行也会抑制通胀压力，特朗普2.0新政不确定性提振避险需求，我们判断2025年美债利率大概率高位盘整，10年期国债利率核心波动区间为4-5％。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.857, 0.191, 0.902, 0.202], [0.285, 0.215, 0.902, 0.226], [0.285, 0.24, 0.902, 0.251], [0.285, 0.264, 0.895, 0.274], [0.285, 0.287, 0.421, 0.299]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.2 市场投资情绪", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.284, 0.33, 0.446, 0.341]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "现货市场方面，2024年初至5月上旬全球金银ETF持仓量继续延续2022年下半年以来的下降趋势，而在金银价格突破上涨2个月之后金银ETF持仓量也企稳回升，2025年以来特朗普新政不确定性提振黄金ETF投资意愿但全球经济增长动能前景减弱抑制白银ETF投资意愿。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.364, 0.897, 0.375], [0.285, 0.389, 0.902, 0.398], [0.286, 0.413, 0.903, 0.423], [0.286, 0.437, 0.575, 0.447]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2025年3月6日SPDR黄金ETF持仓量为898.64吨，较2024年5月份阶段性低点高出8.9%;", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.575, 0.437, 0.895, 0.448], [0.285, 0.462, 0.678, 0.471]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "SLV白银ETF持仓量为13509吨，较2024年10月份阶段性高点回落9.7％。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.678, 0.462, 0.903, 0.47], [0.286, 0.485, 0.633, 0.495]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "图9：贵金属ETF持仓量", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.08, 0.53, 0.285, 0.543]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.073, 0.552, 0.475, 0.732]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "数据来源：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.081, 0.736, 0.156, 0.745]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Wind，建信期货研究发展部", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.156, 0.736, 0.368, 0.746]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "图10：贵金属CFTC基金净多率", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.51, 0.53, 0.776, 0.544]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.5, 0.552, 0.905, 0.731]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "数据来源：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.51, 0.735, 0.585, 0.745]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Wind，建信期货研究发展部", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.585, 0.735, 0.797, 0.746]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "在CFTC持仓方面，2025年2月25日当周非商业机构分别减持黄金期货期权多单9314张和空单1981张，分别减持白银期货期权多单7146张和空单4949张，结果是金银基金净多率分别回升至34.6％和26.7%；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.322, 0.775, 0.903, 0.786], [0.287, 0.8, 0.902, 0.811], [0.285, 0.824, 0.673, 0.835]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "金银净多率的八年COT指标分别为92.6％和72.9%，这意味着黄金市场机构多仓量处于高水平区间从而存在潜在踩踏风险而白银市场机构多仓量也处于偏高水平。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.673, 0.824, 0.902, 0.835], [0.286, 0.849, 0.902, 0.859], [0.285, 0.872, 0.664, 0.883]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因CFTC公布的持仓数据距离周报写作时间有10天，对行情指导意义不大。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.664, 0.872, 0.903, 0.884], [0.285, 0.897, 0.619, 0.907]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从长周期看，百年变局和中美博弈推高地缘政治风险并冲击全球经济贸易货币体系，为贵金属带来地缘政治风险诱发的避险需求和全球贸易货币体系重组派生的储备分散化需求；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7700000, "bbox": [[0.322, 0.105, 0.901, 0.116], [0.287, 0.129, 0.901, 0.14], [0.285, 0.153, 0.452, 0.164]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2025年特朗普重返白宫循丛林法则重构地缘战略空间并推动关税武器化，亲手摧毁二战后其主导建立的全球政治经济贸易货币体系，来自全球政经格局重组的避险需求将持续推高金价波动中枢。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7700000, "bbox": [[0.452, 0.153, 0.903, 0.164], [0.286, 0.177, 0.899, 0.188], [0.286, 0.202, 0.719, 0.212]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.491, 0.383, 0.904, 0.569]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "数据来源：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.51, 0.574, 0.588, 0.584]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Wind，建信期货研究发展部", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.588, 0.574, 0.796, 0.584]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "短期看，2024年底以来金价在中国印度年底节日消费旺季预期、特朗普2.0新政不确定性引发的避险需求、美元汇率和美债利率偏弱回落、美国经济短期衰退风险上升以及美联储降息预期升温等因素影响下重新开始新一轮上涨。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8400000, "bbox": [[0.321, 0.613, 0.898, 0.624], [0.286, 0.638, 0.901, 0.648], [0.286, 0.662, 0.839, 0.673]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "目前看金饰节日消费旺季已经结束，关税武器化引发的避险需求因关税政策反复而减弱，俄乌冲突和巴以冲突缓解前景也削弱了来自地缘政治风险的避险需求，加上黄金市盈率偏高以及机构多头仓位偏重也使得金价具有较大的内在脆弱性，因此金价上涨动能有所减弱且波动性有所上升。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8400000, "bbox": [[0.839, 0.662, 0.901, 0.673], [0.285, 0.686, 0.902, 0.697], [0.286, 0.71, 0.902, 0.721], [0.286, 0.733, 0.902, 0.745], [0.286, 0.759, 0.574, 0.77]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但美国经济短期衰退风险不减，偏高估值水平的美股有进一步调整空间，美联储降息预期可能继续升温，来自美国经济和金融市场的避险需求可能继续支撑金价偏强运行，建议投资者在设好止损的情况下继续持偏多思路参与交易，关注伦敦黄金在2850美元／盎司、人民币金价在668元／克附近的支撑力度。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8400000, "bbox": [[0.574, 0.759, 0.902, 0.769], [0.286, 0.783, 0.897, 0.792], [0.286, 0.808, 0.901, 0.817], [0.286, 0.833, 0.903, 0.841], [0.286, 0.856, 0.46, 0.866]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8500000, "bbox": [[0.422, 0.928, 0.924, 0.939]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8500000, "bbox": [[0.701, 0.026, 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"IOS"}, {"txt": "然而，在AI时代，这种互补关系可能会发生根本性地变化。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2714, "txt": "然而，在AI时代，这种互补关系可能会发生根本性地变化。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[86]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "分析一个国家的经济模式，实际上就像分析企业的商业模式一样，每个国家都有其独特的经济特征。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2716, "txt": "分析一个国家的经济模式，实际上就像分析企业的商业模式一样，每个国家都有其独特的经济特征。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[88]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国的经济模式自带通胀基因。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2718, "txt": "美国的经济模式自带通胀基因。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[90]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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"要应对中美科技博弈，中国必须在创新资本生态系统的建设上进行深入地突破。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2792, "txt": "要应对中美科技博弈，中国必须在创新资本生态系统的建设上进行深入地突破。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[153]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 125, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "二、特普朗2.0带来不确定性", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2794, "txt": "二、特普朗2.0带来不确定性", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[7]/section/section/section/section/section/p[1]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 126, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "中国短期受冲击", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2796, "txt": "中国短期受冲击", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[7]/section/section/section/section/section/p[2]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 127, 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "大家可以看到，1月6日，美国媒体《华盛顿邮报》报道称，特朗普的助手正在考虑仅针对美国国家安全和经济安全至关重要的特定产品采取关税行动，而非全面加征关税，也没有特别强调是针对中国。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2803, "txt": "大家可以看到，1月6日，美国媒体《华盛顿邮报》报道称，特朗普的助手正在考虑仅针对美国国家安全和经济安全至关重要的特定产品采取关税行动，而非全面加征关税，也没有特别强调是针对中国。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[159]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 130, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这一消息使得股市出现上涨，但很快特朗普就在社交媒体上回应，称《华盛顿邮报》报道的是假新闻。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2805, "txt": "这一消息使得股市出现上涨，但很快特朗普就在社交媒体上回应，称《华盛顿邮报》报道的是假新闻。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[161]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 131, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "未来，类似的真真假假的新闻可能成为常态。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2806, "txt": "未来，类似的真真假假的新闻可能成为常态。", "x": 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"目前预测显示，美联储的降息可能从原预期的4次减少到2次，甚至到2026年可能出现加息。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2820, "txt": "目前预测显示，美联储的降息可能从原预期的4次减少到2次，甚至到2026年可能出现加息。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[170]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 136, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但若美国进入通胀反弹甚至加息的状态，这将不利于特朗普在两年后的中期选举，也不利于特朗普家族的长期政治经济利益，同时当然也会对中国的降息和降准政策产生干扰。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2822, "txt": "但若美国进入通胀反弹甚至加息的状态，这将不利于特朗普在两年后的中期选举，也不利于特朗普家族的长期政治经济利益，同时当然也会对中国的降息和降准政策产生干扰。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[172]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 137, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/l9y6T41Bfv63HwvTP4rSkQc.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 652, "txt": "<img 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"web_segment_id": 140, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其次，有渐进派，认为如果立即大幅加征关税，供应链必然会崩溃、混乱，马斯克便属于这一派；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2830, "txt": "其次，有渐进派，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[179]/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 2832, "txt": "认为如果立即大幅加征关税，供应链必然会崩溃、混乱，马斯克便属于这一派；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[179]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 141, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "还有精准打击派主张只对那些对美国国家安全至关重要的商品加征关税，而非对所有消费品都进行加税。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2834, "txt": "还有精准打击派主张只对那些对美国国家安全至关重要的商品加征关税，而非对所有消费品都进行加税。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[181]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 142, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "华尔街资本对贸易战坚决反对，它们通过股价下跌作出反应。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2836, "txt": "华尔街资本对贸易战坚决反对，它们通过股价下跌作出反应。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[183]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 143, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "特朗普并不是典型的理性决策者，他的决策充满了不确定性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2838, "txt": "特朗普并不是典型的理性决策者，他的决策充满了不确定性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[185]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 144, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "加征关税的具体对象是集中针对中国，还是扩展到墨西哥、加拿大等国家；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2840, "txt": "加征关税的具体对象是集中针对中国，还是扩展到墨西哥、加拿大等国家；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[187]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 145, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "加征关税的商品类别是所有商品，还是仅限于对美国有战略安全关切的商品；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2842, "txt": "加征关税的商品类别是所有商品，还是仅限于对美国有战略安全关切的商品；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[189]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 146, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "加征关税的幅度是10%、40%还是其他；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2844, "txt": "加征关税的幅度是10%、40%还是其他；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[191]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 147, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "加征的时间段是一次性执行，还是分批进行？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2846, "txt": "加征的时间段是一次性执行，还是分批进行？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[193]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 148, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "是否会通过谈判达成协议？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2847, "txt": "是否会通过谈判达成协议？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[193]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 148, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些问题甚至在美国国内也有不同的观点和利益集团在博弈。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2849, "txt": "这些问题甚至在美国国内也有不同的观点和利益集团在博弈。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[195]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 149, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我个人的分析是特朗普很可能会显著加征关税，但大概率会选择分批和有选择性地加征。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2851, "txt": "我个人的分析是特朗普很可能会显著加征关税，但大概率会选择分批和有选择性地加征。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[197]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 150, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一种中性烈度的贸易战最符合特朗普的利益。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2853, "txt": "一种中性烈度的贸易战最符合特朗普的利益。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[199]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 151, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种情况下，加征关税幅度可能会保持在15%到20%之间，现有对中国的关税约为20%，两者叠加后，大约会达到35%到40%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2855, "txt": "这种情况下，加征关税幅度可能会保持在15%到20%之间，现有对中国的关税约为20%，两者叠加后，大约会达到35%到40%。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[201]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 152, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种中性烈度的贸易战，既能给各国带来实质性的压力和冲击，也能够回应特朗普竞选时的承诺。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2857, "txt": "这种中性烈度的贸易战，既能给各国带来实质性的压力和冲击，也能够回应特朗普竞选时的承诺。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[203]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 153, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，这种幅度的加征关税也能在一定程度上控制对美国经济的负面影响，避免对特朗普中期选举带来过大副作用。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2859, "txt": "同时，这种幅度的加征关税也能在一定程度上控制对美国经济的负面影响，避免对特朗普中期选举带来过大副作用。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[205]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 154, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因此，尽管这场贸易战从战略方向上是高度确定的，但在具体的战术博弈上，仍然存在相当大的不确定性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2861, "txt": "因此，尽管这场贸易战从战略方向上是高度确定的，但在具体的战术博弈上，仍然存在相当大的不确定性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[207]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 155, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1WzY9U3fbctcvZHxS1HZNxG.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 745, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1WzY9U3fbctcvZHxS1HZNxG.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 156, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "我想提醒大家注意两点：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2863, "txt": "我想提醒大家注意两点：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[210]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 157, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第一，2025年的挑战可能并不是最大的，2026年的冲击反而可能会更大。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2865, "txt": "第一，2025年的挑战可能并不是最大的，2026年的冲击反而可能会更大。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[212]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 158, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "明年的挑战将比今年更加严峻。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2867, "txt": "明年的挑战将比今年更加严峻。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[214]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 159, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因为今年还会有一个加征关税最终实施的缓冲期，例如可能在一季度公布但在三季度实施，或者在二季度公布但在四季度实施。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2868, "txt": "因为今年还会有一个加征关税最终实施的缓冲期，例如可能在一季度公布但在三季度实施，或者在二季度公布但在四季度实施。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[214]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 159, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在缓冲期生效之前，我们肯定会看到抢出口抢进口的现象。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2870, "txt": "在缓冲期生效之前，我们肯定会看到抢出口抢进口的现象。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[216]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 160, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，通过东盟、墨西哥等地区的转口贸易，也能为中国企业争取一段缓冲时间。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2871, "txt": "同时，通过东盟、墨西哥等地区的转口贸易，也能为中国企业争取一段缓冲时间。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[216]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 160, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "今年并不是最难的一年，明年才是更大的冲击。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2873, "txt": "今年并不是最难的一年，明年才是更大的冲击。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[218]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 161, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "第二，特朗普一定会密切观察加征关税对美国通胀的影响。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2875, "txt": "第二，特朗普一定会密切观察加征关税对美国通胀的影响。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[220]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 162, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果美国的通胀反弹非常明显，这是他不希望看到的结果。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2876, "txt": "如果美国的通胀反弹非常明显，这是他不希望看到的结果。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[220]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 162, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他之所以能成功打败哈里斯，关键原因之一就是美国民众对通胀问题的高度关注和强烈反应。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2878, "txt": "他之所以能成功打败哈里斯，关键原因之一就是美国民众对通胀问题的高度关注和强烈反应。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[222]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 163, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果特朗普发现通胀问题能够得到有效控制，他可能会继续加征关税，因为这符合他的经济理论和价值观。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2880, "txt": "如果特朗普发现通胀问题能够得到有效控制，他可能会继续加征关税，因为这符合他的经济理论和价值观。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[224]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 164, "global_sentence_id": 175, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国市场在全球消费市场中的占比较高，接近30%，但中国企业进入美国市场的难度将逐年增加，这也是中美博弈的必然结果。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2882, "txt": "美国市场在全球消费市场中的占比较高，接近30%，但中国企业进入美国市场的难度将逐年增加，这也是中美博弈的必然结果。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[226]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 165, "global_sentence_id": 176, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国的逻辑很简单：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2884, "txt": "美国的逻辑很简单：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[228]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 166, "global_sentence_id": 177, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "亚洲国家，你的国家经济发展壮大，科技进步，是依靠向美国出口来实现的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2886, "txt": "亚洲国家，你的国家经济发展壮大，科技进步，是依靠向美国出口来实现的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[228]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 166, "global_sentence_id": 178, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我为什么还要支持你发展呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2887, "txt": "我为什么还要支持你发展呢？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[228]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 166, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "美国一定会采取更为严格的对华贸易战政策，这在两党中已经达成共识。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2889, "txt": "美国一定会采取更为严格的对华贸易战政策，这在两党中已经达成共识。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[230]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 167, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随着时间推移，美国的关税政策会更加精细化，中国通过东盟或墨西哥等地区进行的转口贸易，也可能会逐步被纳入加征关税的范围。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2891, "txt": "随着时间推移，美国的关税政策会更加精细化，中国通过东盟或墨西哥等地区进行的转口贸易，也可能会逐步被纳入加征关税的范围。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[232]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 168, "global_sentence_id": 181, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所谓的洗产地模式将面临越来越大的抵制，洗产地就是将产品的产地标识从中国改为其他国家或地区，这种做法会引起更多国家的反感和抵触。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2893, "txt": "所谓的", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[234]/span"}, {"position_id": 2895, "txt": "洗产地模式将面临越来越大的抵制，洗产地就是将产品的产地标识从中国改为其他国家或地区，这种做法会引起更多国家的反感和抵触。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[234]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 169, "global_sentence_id": 182, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "针对这一情况，中国近期有一个新的动议，就是从原产地标识（如Made in China）转向品牌标识（如Made by Apple，Made by Tesla）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2897, "txt": "针对这一情况，中国近期有一个新的动议，就是从原产地标识（", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[236]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 2899, "txt": "如Made in China", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[236]/span[2]"}, {"position_id": 2901, "txt": "）转向品牌标识（", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[236]/span[3]"}, {"position_id": 2903, "txt": "如Made by Apple，Made by Tesla", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[236]/span[4]"}, {"position_id": 2905, "txt": "）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[236]/span[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 170, "global_sentence_id": 183, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过这种方式，中国希望弱化原产地这一概念，而更加注重品牌的价值。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2907, "txt": "通过这种方式，中国希望弱化原产地这一概念，而更加注重品牌的价值。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[238]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 171, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这意味着，如果产品是在中国组装生产，但品牌属于全球知名公司，则可以避免不合理地承受过多的关税压力。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2909, "txt": "这意味着，如果产品是在中国组装生产，但品牌属于全球知名公司，则可以避免不合理地承受过多的关税压力。", "x": 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{"txt": "随着基数的逐年升高，越往后实现这一增速目标的难度将增加，因此我们必须争取在现阶段保持较高的增速，确保年均增速尽可能高于4.7%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2937, "txt": "随着基数的逐年升高，越往后实现这一增速目标的难度将增加，因此我们必须争取在现阶段保持较高的增速，确保年均增速尽可能高于4.7%。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[260]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 184, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，在2025年提升通货膨胀预期，走出通缩螺旋或防范“日本失去30年”的所谓资产负债表衰退，这是一项关键任务。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2939, "txt": "同时，在2025年提升通货膨胀预期，走出通缩螺旋或防范“日本失去30年”的所谓资产负债表衰退，这是一项关键任务。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[262]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 185, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "过去我们常听到CPI（消费者价格指数）和PPI（工业生产者出厂价格指数），但GDP平减指数是更全面的通货膨胀指标。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2941, "txt": "过去我们常听到CPI（", "x": 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"产能过剩对中国经济的负面影响较大，我们需要采取积极主动地调整措施，确保经济的健康发展。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3025, "txt": "产能过剩对中国经济的负面影响较大，我们需要采取积极主动地调整措施，确保经济的健康发展。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[315]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 215, "global_sentence_id": 238, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在我的新书《极简增长》中，我一直在提醒，甚至警告中小企业要极度警惕产能过剩。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3027, "txt": "在我的新书《极简增长》中，我一直在提醒，甚至警告中小企业要极度警惕产能过剩。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[317]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 216, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "饿死的企业不多，很多企业都是被撑死的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3029, "txt": "饿死的企业不多，很多企业都是被撑死的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[319]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 217, "global_sentence_id": 240, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些年来，中国的宏观经济学者和管理部门一直在追问一个问题：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3031, "txt": "这些年来，中国的宏观经济学者和管理部门一直在追问一个问题：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[321]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 218, "global_sentence_id": 241, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "为什么中国的有效需求不足？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3032, "txt": "为什么中国的有效需求不足？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[321]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 218, "global_sentence_id": 242, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这是中国经济的顽疾。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3033, "txt": "这是中国经济的顽疾。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[321]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 218, "global_sentence_id": 243, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "原因可能有很多，但我认为，归根结底产能严重过剩才是主要原因。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3035, "txt": "原因可能有很多，但我认为，归根结底产能严重过剩才是主要原因。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[323]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 219, "global_sentence_id": 244, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "真正的问题不是有效需求不足，而是因为产能严重过剩导致了有效需求的不足。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3037, "txt": "真正的问题不是有效需求不足，而是因为产能严重过剩导致了有效需求的不足。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[325]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 220, "global_sentence_id": 245, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "民营企业和中小企业应该坚决避免投资一般性产能，坚决避免重资产钙化，即固定资产占比过高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3039, "txt": "民营企业和中小企业应该坚决避免投资一般性产能，坚决避免重资产钙化，即固定资产占比过高。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[327]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 221, "global_sentence_id": 246, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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"A股慢牛要素待解", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3100, "txt": "A股慢牛要素待解", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[17]/section/section/section/section/section/p[2]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 248, "global_sentence_id": 280, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "资本市场崛起：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3102, "txt": "资本市场崛起：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[373]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 249, "global_sentence_id": 281, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A股慢牛延续，科技企业IPO回暖，并购升温。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3103, "txt": "A股慢牛延续，科技企业IPO回暖，并购升温。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[373]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 249, "global_sentence_id": 282, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "培育世界级科技公司与养老金入市是关键。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3104, "txt": "培育世界级科技公司与养老金入市是关键。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[373]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 249, "global_sentence_id": 283, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A股的慢牛过程注定是曲折而动荡的，包括今年年初的市场表现也并不乐观。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3106, "txt": "A股的慢牛过程注定是曲折而动荡的，包括今年年初的市场表现也并不乐观。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[375]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 250, "global_sentence_id": 284, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但毫无疑问，政府高层已经充分认识到，资本市场在稳定和修复国家、企业、居民资产负债表中的核心意义。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3108, "txt": "但毫无疑问，政府高层已经充分认识到，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[377]/span"}, {"position_id": 3110, "txt": "资本市场在稳定和修复国家、企业、居民资产负债表中的核心意义。", "x": 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"txt": "依靠房地产市场再度大幅反弹，几乎是不可能的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[387]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 256, "global_sentence_id": 291, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "关于房地产市场我们提出的目标是止跌回稳，而不是止跌回升。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3123, "txt": "关于房地产市场我们提出的目标是止跌回稳，而不是止跌回升。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[389]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 257, "global_sentence_id": 292, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在现有的经济结构中，唯一有希望实现大规模资产增值的领域就是资本市场。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3125, "txt": "在现有的经济结构中，唯一有希望实现大规模资产增值的领域就是资本市场。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[391]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 258, "global_sentence_id": 293, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "只有资本市场具备足够的规模体量和增长空间，才能承担起修复资产负债表的重任。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3127, "txt": "只有资本市场具备足够的规模体量和增长空间，才能承担起修复资产负债表的重任。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[393]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 259, "global_sentence_id": 294, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3oUhJ4ozRZq2pASUA40imuG.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1346, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3oUhJ4ozRZq2pASUA40imuG.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[18]/span/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 260, "global_sentence_id": 295, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "这也是为什么大家都期待A股长牛，或者至少是牛长熊短的原因所在。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3129, "txt": "这也是为什么大家都期待A股长牛，或者至少是牛长熊短的原因所在。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[396]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 261, "global_sentence_id": 296, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "要实现这一目标的关键是什么？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3131, "txt": "要实现这一目标的关键是什么？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[398]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 262, "global_sentence_id": 297, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "就是要有好公司，大量的优秀企业进入资本市场。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3132, "txt": "就是要有好公司，大量的优秀企业进入资本市场。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[398]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 262, "global_sentence_id": 298, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如，英伟达曾经只是一家做显卡的小公司，主要用途是支持打游戏、挖矿。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3134, "txt": "比如，英伟达曾经只是一家做显卡的小公司，主要用途是支持打游戏、挖矿。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[400]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 263, "global_sentence_id": 299, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但现在，它已经成为引领AI革命的巨头，市值高达3.5万亿美元，过去几年股价上涨了数十倍。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3135, "txt": "但现在，它已经成为引领AI革命的巨头，市值高达3.5万亿美元，过去几年股价上涨了数十倍。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[400]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 263, "global_sentence_id": 300, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这不仅给美国投资者带来了丰厚回报，也提升了美国消费者的信心。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3137, "txt": "这不仅给美国投资者带来了丰厚回报，也提升了美国消费者的信心。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[402]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 264, "global_sentence_id": 301, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种来自资本市场的财产性回报，正是美国消费信心的重要来源。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3138, "txt": "这种来自资本市场的财产性回报，正是美国消费信心的重要来源。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[402]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 264, "global_sentence_id": 302, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在科创板上，我们也看到了类似的情况。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3140, "txt": "在科创板上，我们也看到了类似的情况。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[404]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 265, "global_sentence_id": 303, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "去年科创板最大的明星股，寒武纪，这家公司是一家AI芯片公司，市值接近3000亿，去年股价上涨了387%，接近四倍的涨幅。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3142, "txt": "去年科创板最大的明星股，寒武纪，这家公司是一家AI芯片公司，市值接近3000亿，去年股价上涨了387%，接近四倍的涨幅。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[406]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 266, "global_sentence_id": 304, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于寒武纪而言，科创板的存在至关重要。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3144, "txt": "对于寒武纪而言，科创板的存在至关重要。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[408]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 267, "global_sentence_id": 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"中国正在鼓励面向一带一路沿线国家进行出海设厂，以便带动沿线国家的经济发展，并缓解国际经贸关系中的紧张局势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3251, "txt": "中国正在鼓励面向一带一路沿线国家进行出海设厂，以便带动沿线国家的经济发展，并缓解国际经贸关系中的紧张局势。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[503]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 317, "global_sentence_id": 364, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过这样的出海战略，中国将帮助发展中国家发展产业，同时创造更多的海外就业机会。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3253, "txt": "通过这样的出海战略，中国将帮助发展中国家发展产业，同时创造更多的海外就业机会。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[505]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 318, "global_sentence_id": 365, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "回顾历史，马歇尔计划等经济援助往往与国家的经济利益密切相关。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3255, "txt": "回顾历史，马歇尔计划等经济援助往往与国家的经济利益密切相关。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[507]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 319, 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"目前相对比较普遍的共识是要推动中低收入人群增收减负，推动城乡居民的基础养老金普及，提高医保报销比例等等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3380, "txt": "目前相对比较普遍的共识是要推动中低收入人群增收减负，推动城乡居民的基础养老金普及，提高医保报销比例等等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[584]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 366, "global_sentence_id": 423, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "此外，促进服务类消费很关键。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3382, "txt": "此外，促进服务类消费很关键。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[586]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 367, "global_sentence_id": 424, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在电商多年培育下，中国商品类消费已经非常发达，但服务类消费存在巨大的短板。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3383, "txt": "在电商多年培育下，中国商品类消费已经非常发达，但服务类消费存在巨大的短板。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[586]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 367, "global_sentence_id": 425, "edu_l1_label": 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"position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3591, "txt": "分享、点赞、在看，3连3连！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[38]/strong[1]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 453, "global_sentence_id": 521, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<img https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/mmF0rTjMmmKZIUILXTItEet6ibM90lIWhKibHGnNdyQicw5zHCjmjItuImUHHgB2oNJ5cq41p9xolv3cD3puJNZ5w/640?wx_fmt=gif&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&tp=wxpic", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 2485, "txt": "<img https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/mmF0rTjMmmKZIUILXTItEet6ibM90lIWhKibHGnNdyQicw5zHCjmjItuImUHHgB2oNJ5cq41p9xolv3cD3puJNZ5w/640?wx_fmt=gif&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&tp=wxpic", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[38]/strong[2]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img", "strong"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 453, "global_sentence_id": 522, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 笔记侠 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3593, "txt": "\n 笔记侠 ", "x": "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 471, "global_sentence_id": 523, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 2025怎么赚钱？你必须知道的十大变数 ## 宏观趋势 ## 一、AI引领第四次科技革命成中美博弈焦点 ## 二、特普朗2.0带来不确定性中国短期受冲击 ## 三、2025年经济增速能否稳定在4.5%～5%？ ## 四、房地产市场分化住房与财政模式转变 ## 五、资本市场成主战场 A股慢牛要素待解 ## 六、中美贸易战下 A股人民币与出口形势有变 ## 七、投资为扩内需重点新质生产力挑大梁 ## 八、消费成发动机需先解决钱从哪里来 ## 九、老龄化少子化下养老成未来20年挑战 ## 十、就业形势严峻 AI对就业影响有分化 ### 1.大学生就业 ### 2.农民工、低端劳动力的失业再就业
f09b2097-90eb-44e3-9ae5-058e76c866cb	web	test/raw_web_htmls/f09b2097-90eb-44e3-9ae5-058e76c866cb.html	https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Rx6BjLOX4JohXY2komk1GA	{"entry_id": "f09b2097-90eb-44e3-9ae5-058e76c866cb", "infos": [{"txt": "重磅！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "重磅！", "x": ""}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2025 中科院分区表发布，附名单", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "2025 中科院分区表发布，附名单", "x": ""}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 重磅！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 176, "txt": "\n \n重磅！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "2025 中科院分区表发布，附名单 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 177, "txt": "2025 中科院分区表发布，附名单\n ", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "万千人翘首以盼的2025年中科院分区表终于发布！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 179, "txt": "万千人翘首以盼的2025年中科院分区表", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[1]/span"}, {"position_id": 181, "txt": "终于发布", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[1]/span/span"}, {"position_id": 183, "txt": "！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[1]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/sqihI4kve5y3UzyYuMQ52M.png", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 56, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/sqihI4kve5y3UzyYuMQ52M.png", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[1]/section[1]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "不过访问人过多，现在官网似乎把2025年的区分表又给隐藏了，不过没关系，最近两天肯定会放出来，我们先提前看一下部分分区情况，后面有部分期刊分区名单。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 185, "txt": "不过访问人过多，现在官网似乎把2025年的区分表又给隐藏了，不过没关系，最近两天肯定会放出来，我们先提前看一下部分分区情况，后面有部分期刊分区名单。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[1]/section[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "去年备受争议且被「On hold」的一区期刊「Science of The Total Environment」已被降至二区。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 187, "txt": "去年备受争议且被「On hold」的一区期刊「Science of The Total Environment」已被降至二区。", "x": 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https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/10V2qpBzenS2Xvsci1W2m9R.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 75, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/10V2qpBzenS2Xvsci1W2m9R.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[6]/section/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2025中科院分区查询方式", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 194, "txt": "2025中科院分区查询方式", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[7]/section/section/p/strong/span/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "目前官网还无法查询，不过不用着急，通常官方会发布免费版小程序，就可以免费查询。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 196, "txt": "目前官网还无法查询，不过不用着急，通常官方会发布免费版小程序，就可以免费查询。", "x": 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"tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "登录后，点击进入期刊分区表升级版。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 206, "txt": "登录后，点击进入期刊分区表升级版。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[10]/p[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3WGPGd36pvNA1SkrWV1H6bCC.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 103, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3WGPGd36pvNA1SkrWV1H6bCC.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[11]/section/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "4. 输入查询地址：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 208, "txt": "4. 输入查询地址：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[12]/p[1]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在浏览器地址栏输入", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 209, "txt": "在浏览器地址栏输入", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[12]/p[1]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " https://advanced.fenqubiao.com/Journal/Index?year=2025&k=", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 211, "txt": " https://advanced.fenqubiao.com/Journal/Index?year=2025&k=", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[12]/p[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "并在“k=”后添加你想要查询的期刊名称。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 213, "txt": "并在“k=”后添加你想要查询的期刊名称。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[12]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "期刊名称支持模糊查询，如果期刊名称中有空格，需用“%20”代替。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 214, "txt": "期刊名称支持模糊查询，如果期刊名称中有空格，需用“%20”代替。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[12]/p[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/35Yzqx2NUR2y1vQhAM4CyQ7d.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 113, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/35Yzqx2NUR2y1vQhAM4CyQ7d.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[13]/section/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "5. 查看结果：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 216, "txt": "5. 查看结果：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[14]/p/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "输入完成后，即可查看该期刊在2025年的分区情况。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 217, "txt": "输入完成后，即可查看该期刊在2025年的分区情况。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[14]/p/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "部分名单整理", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 219, "txt": "部分名单整理", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[15]/section/section/p/strong/span/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1ESuMRmQyC11MKQ1h2nI4Ag.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 129, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1ESuMRmQyC11MKQ1h2nI4Ag.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section/section[16]/section/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "注意：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 221, "txt": "注意：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "目前分区表官网尚未完全开放查询，以上内容为目前查到的情况，不排除后面发生变化的可能。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 223, "txt": "目前分区表官网尚未完全开放查询，以上内容为目前查到的情况，不排除后面发生变化的可能。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " 小白资源盒 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 225, "txt": "\n 小白资源盒 ", "x": "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 重磅！2025 中科院分区表发布，附名单 ## 2025中科院分区查询方式 ## 部分名单整理
db59434f-163e-45dc-a0be-05075c4ba3f7	web	test/raw_web_htmls/db59434f-163e-45dc-a0be-05075c4ba3f7.html	https://36kr.com/p/3152823677442817?f=rss	{"entry_id": "db59434f-163e-45dc-a0be-05075c4ba3f7", "infos": [{"txt": "中国游戏市场为什么这么多“垃圾游戏”？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 0, "txt": "中国游戏市场为什么这么多“垃圾游戏”？", "x": "//h1[contains(@class, \"article-title\")]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 0, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "中国游戏市场为什么这么多“垃圾游戏”？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 422, "txt": "中国游戏市场为什么这么多“垃圾游戏”？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div/h1"}]}, "tags": ["h1"], "label": "article_title", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 1, "edu_l1_label": "BOT"}, {"txt": "观网财经·2025年02月05日 08:33", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 424, "txt": "观网财经", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/a"}, {"position_id": 426, "txt": "·", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/span/i"}, {"position_id": 428, "txt": "2025年02月05日 08:33", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/span/i"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "source", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 2, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "《黑神话》的出现就是希望", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 430, "txt": "《黑神话》的出现就是希望", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "introduction", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 3, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "春节寒假，很多家长都在头疼孩子玩游戏的事。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 432, "txt": "春节寒假，很多家长都在头疼孩子玩游戏的事。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 4, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "作为一个游戏行业从业人员，我也经常被问该怎么防止孩子玩游戏，特别是一些“垃圾游戏”，纯粹是既浪费时间又浪费钱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 433, "txt": "作为一个游戏行业从业人员，我也经常被问该怎么防止孩子玩游戏，特别是一些“垃圾游戏”，纯粹是既浪费时间又浪费钱。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 5, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "说实话，对于这个问题，我觉得不应该简单地一棒子打死。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 435, "txt": "说实话，对于这个问题，我觉得不应该简单地一棒子打死。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 6, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "中国游戏产业发展至今，并不是一开始就是这样子的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 436, "txt": "中国游戏产业发展至今，并不是一开始就是这样子的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 7, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我尽量从一个客观的角度来描述下这个行业在中国的发展历程，希望读者看完本篇文章后能思考出自己的结论。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 437, "txt": "我尽量从一个客观的角度来描述下这个行业在中国的发展历程，希望读者看完本篇文章后能思考出自己的结论。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 8, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当然，这只是我个人的一些经历，不到之处还请各位谅解。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 438, "txt": "当然，这只是我个人的一些经历，不到之处还请各位谅解。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我个人接触的第一款网络游戏，还是2000年的《网络创世纪》。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 440, "txt": "我个人接触的第一款网络游戏，还是2000年的《网络创世纪》。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其实这款网络游戏在国内貌似没有官方的代理，所以当时我玩的应该是私服。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 441, "txt": "其实这款网络游戏在国内貌似没有官方的代理，所以当时我玩的应该是私服。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 11, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时期还有《网络三国》和《网络金庸》等等游戏，不过由于穷学生无法负担相关花费，我没有体验过。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 442, "txt": "同时期还有《网络三国》和《网络金庸》等等游戏，不过由于穷学生无法负担相关花费，我没有体验过。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 12, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我记忆中的国内网络游戏市场的第一款“大作”应该是《石器时代》，然后《龙族》、《魔力宝贝》、《传奇》、《奇迹》、《RO》等等产品就纷纷出现了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 443, "txt": "我记忆中的国内网络游戏市场的第一款“大作”应该是《石器时代》，然后《龙族》、《魔力宝贝》、《传奇》、《奇迹》、《RO》等等产品就纷纷出现了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 13, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这段时间网络游戏能快速发展，其实依托于PC以及互联网的迅速普及。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 445, "txt": "这段时间网络游戏能快速发展，其实依托于PC以及互联网的迅速普及。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 14, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "世纪之交的时候我们还在用电话线拨号上网，ISDN昙花一现后，2001年我们在校园内就普及了ADSL（因为9·11事件，这个时间我记得很清楚），同寝室可以共享宽带上网了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 446, "txt": "世纪之交的时候我们还在用电话线拨号上网，ISDN昙花一现后，2001年我们在校园内就普及了ADSL（因为9·11事件，这个时间我记得很清楚），同寝室可以共享宽带上网了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时PC的价格也在逐步下降，网吧的兴起也让普通人接触互联网游戏的成本大幅度下降了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 447, "txt": "同时PC的价格也在逐步下降，网吧的兴起也让普通人接触互联网游戏的成本大幅度下降了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个时期，网络游戏的收费方式还比较简单，一般采用时长收费和包月收费，包月的花费一般在30元人民币上下。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 449, "txt": "这个时期，网络游戏的收费方式还比较简单，一般采用时长收费和包月收费，包月的花费一般在30元人民币上下。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "也有一些产品在时长收费的同时，进行了虚拟道具收费的探索，比如《石器时代》的各种宠物包。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 450, "txt": "也有一些产品在时长收费的同时，进行了虚拟道具收费的探索，比如《石器时代》的各种宠物包。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而《奇迹》的“充点卡送宝石”活动，更类似于时长点卡的促销，而不应该看成是虚拟道具的销售。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 451, "txt": "而《奇迹》的“充点卡送宝石”活动，更类似于时长点卡的促销，而不应该看成是虚拟道具的销售。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1ULI8fWcMtM2WrCUu27Or2u.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 267, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1ULI8fWcMtM2WrCUu27Or2u.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[6]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "早期网吧网络", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 453, "txt": "早期网吧网络", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "这个时期，“免费游戏”的概念还没有提出，我个人认为《疯狂坦克》收费方式也可以算是一种尝试：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 455, "txt": "这个时期，“免费游戏”的概念还没有提出，我个人认为《疯狂坦克》收费方式也可以算是一种尝试：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "游戏提供了非常多的坦克车型供玩家选择，如果付15元的月卡（个人记忆，不对之处请指正），可以选择所有坦克；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 456, "txt": "游戏提供了非常多的坦克车型供玩家选择，如果付15元的月卡（个人记忆，不对之处请指正），可以选择所有坦克；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果不付费也可以进行游戏，但是只能用“老炮”这一款坦克，就是普通弹为大范围爆炸效果榴弹，而特殊弹为小红点穿甲弹的那款。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 457, "txt": "如果不付费也可以进行游戏，但是只能用“老炮”这一款坦克，就是普通弹为大范围爆炸效果榴弹，而特殊弹为小红点穿甲弹的那款。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "01 一个游戏运营公司都有哪些部门", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 459, "txt": "01 一个游戏运营公司都有哪些部门", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/h2[1]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "2003年我大学毕业后，入职了一家新创建的上海游戏企业，对于游戏产业的运营也逐步有一定了解。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 461, "txt": "2003年我大学毕业后，入职了一家新创建的上海游戏企业，对于游戏产业的运营也逐步有一定了解。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个时期，国内游戏自研的企业和产品还非常少，绝大多数的产品还是来源于日韩和台湾省。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 462, "txt": "这个时期，国内游戏自研的企业和产品还非常少，绝大多数的产品还是来源于日韩和台湾省。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[9]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以游戏企业首先需要获得游戏在中国大陆的运营代理权，这意味着代理公司需要向游戏研发企业支付版权金和保底分成费用。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 464, "txt": "所以游戏企业首先需要获得游戏在中国大陆的运营代理权，这意味着代理公司需要向游戏研发企业支付版权金和保底分成费用。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[10]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "版权金比较简单，就是获得代理权所支付的金额；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 465, "txt": "版权金比较简单，就是获得代理权所支付的金额；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[10]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "保底分成指的是游戏运营企业向研发企业提前支付的后续收入的分成。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 466, "txt": "保底分成指的是游戏运营企业向研发企业提前支付的后续收入的分成。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[10]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如A企业向B企业的某游戏支付版权金100万美元，保底分成100万美元，分成比例为A公司80%，B公司20%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 468, "txt": "比如A企业向B企业的某游戏支付版权金100万美元，保底分成100万美元，分成比例为A公司80%，B公司20%。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那么在游戏收入未达到500万美元的时候，A公司不用向B公司支付分成费用，因为这部分已经作为“保底分成”提前支付了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 469, "txt": "那么在游戏收入未达到500万美元的时候，A公司不用向B公司支付分成费用，因为这部分已经作为“保底分成”提前支付了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当游戏收入超过500万美金后，双方按照8:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 470, "txt": "当游戏收入超过500万美金后，双方按照8:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2的比例再进行结算。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 471, "txt": "2的比例再进行结算。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[11]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时双方可能还约定一些特殊“奖励”，比如游戏同时在线人数超过X万，A公司向B公司支付约定的奖励等等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 473, "txt": "同时双方可能还约定一些特殊“奖励”，比如游戏同时在线人数超过X万，A公司向B公司支付约定的奖励等等。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "还有就是“阶梯分成”，比如每月100万美元以下B公司分成20%，超过100万不到200万部分，B公司分成22%等等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 474, "txt": "还有就是“阶梯分成”，比如每月100万美元以下B公司分成20%，超过100万不到200万部分，B公司分成22%等等。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些就比较灵活了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 475, "txt": "这些就比较灵活了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不过不是每个游戏都一样，也有可能只收版权金不收保底分成，或者反过来都有可能。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 476, "txt": "不过不是每个游戏都一样，也有可能只收版权金不收保底分成，或者反过来都有可能。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[12]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "运营方和研发方签署协议后，就开始了游戏的本地化工作，比如翻译、定价等等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 478, "txt": "运营方和研发方签署协议后，就开始了游戏的本地化工作，比如翻译、定价等等。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然后就是申请版号，相关流程我在之前的文章中已经详细说明了，这里不再赘述。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 479, "txt": "然后就是申请版号，相关流程我在之前的文章中已经详细说明了，这里不再赘述。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[13]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "接下来的工作就比较繁杂了，我分职能部门来说。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 481, "txt": "接下来的工作就比较繁杂了，我分职能部门来说。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[14]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "运维部门，最强壮（字面意思）的部门：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 483, "txt": "运维部门，最强壮（字面意思）的部门：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[15]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "网络游戏肯定有服务端要运行，当时国内主要两大网络运营商是电信和网通（大合并之前），而两家网络之间的互联互通真的是一言难尽，如果你是电信用户，连接运行在网通机房的服务器时，就会出现高延迟甚至无法连接的情况；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 485, "txt": "网络游戏肯定有服务端要运行，当时国内主要两大网络运营商是电信和网通（大合并之前），而两家网络之间的互联互通真的是一言难尽，如果你是电信用户，连接运行在网通机房的服务器时，就会出现高延迟甚至无法连接的情况；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[1]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "反过来网通用户连电信服务器也一样。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 486, "txt": "反过来网通用户连电信服务器也一样。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[1]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "用户在进入网络游戏服务器之前，先要选择进入电信或者网通大区。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 488, "txt": "用户在进入网络游戏服务器之前，先要选择进入电信或者网通大区。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[1]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以对于游戏厂商，第一步要选择机房。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 489, "txt": "所以对于游戏厂商，第一步要选择机房。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[1]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一般来说，我们会选择电信和网络核心节点的机房，然后想办法从全国各地测试机房的网络状况，选择延迟和丢包最小的机房。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 490, "txt": "一般来说，我们会选择电信和网络核心节点的机房，然后想办法从全国各地测试机房的网络状况，选择延迟和丢包最小的机房。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[1]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "根据对游戏日后运营规模，简单点说就是对同时在线人数的预估，购买或租赁服务器。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 491, "txt": "根据对游戏日后运营规模，简单点说就是对同时在线人数的预估，购买或租赁服务器。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[1]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "服务器准备完毕后，就是运输到机房进行上架工作，某些情况下还会有前置的机房电源、空调等施工工作。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 493, "txt": "服务器准备完毕后，就是运输到机房进行上架工作，某些情况下还会有前置的机房电源、空调等施工工作。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[1]/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "后续还有设备零件更换、设备上下架等等工作。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 494, "txt": "后续还有设备零件更换、设备上下架等等工作。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[1]/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个部门的同事没有一个好身体真的搞不定，当时我们有一个玩笑：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 495, "txt": "这个部门的同事没有一个好身体真的搞不定，当时我们有一个玩笑：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[1]/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一手夹一台1U服务器的运维算合格，一手夹一台2U服务器的运维算牛X。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 496, "txt": "一手夹一台1U服务器的运维算合格，一手夹一台2U服务器的运维算牛X。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[1]/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "开发（平台）部门，最有钱（平均工资）的部门：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 498, "txt": "开发（平台）部门，最有钱（平均工资）的部门：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[16]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "没错，游戏运营企业也需要开发部门。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 500, "txt": "没错，游戏运营企业也需要开发部门。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[2]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "游戏的官网、用户系统、充值系统、各项数据统计、监控、对账、老版本防沉迷系统等等，都需要这个部门的同事们来搞定。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 501, "txt": "游戏的官网、用户系统、充值系统、各项数据统计、监控、对账、老版本防沉迷系统等等，都需要这个部门的同事们来搞定。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[2]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个部门内程序员同学的比例极高，所以平均工资可能是全公司最高的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 502, "txt": "这个部门内程序员同学的比例极高，所以平均工资可能是全公司最高的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[2]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "销售（渠道）部门，最能喝（酒）的部门：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 504, "txt": "销售（渠道）部门，最能喝（酒）的部门：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[17]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个部门的工作，要从当时的付费模式来说起。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 506, "txt": "这个部门的工作，要从当时的付费模式来说起。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当时网络游戏常用的是PP（prepay）卡付费（还有其他的如声讯电话、短信扣费等等，所占比例不大，且通道费贵、坏账率高），也就是大家见到的在报刊亭、便利店等等地方销售的刮刮卡，包含一段序列号和一段密码。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 507, "txt": "当时网络游戏常用的是PP（prepay）卡付费（还有其他的如声讯电话、短信扣费等等，所占比例不大，且通道费贵、坏账率高），也就是大家见到的在报刊亭、便利店等等地方销售的刮刮卡，包含一段序列号和一段密码。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "玩家购买后刮开覆盖在密码上的涂层，然后登录游戏官网的付费页面，将序列号和密码输入后，获得对应的点数，然后购买游戏时长。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 508, "txt": "玩家购买后刮开覆盖在密码上的涂层，然后登录游戏官网的付费页面，将序列号和密码输入后，获得对应的点数，然后购买游戏时长。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但是一般的游戏运营公司，是没有能力将自己的刮刮卡铺到最终销售网点的，这个时候就出现了“国代”和“省代”两种模式。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 510, "txt": "但是一般的游戏运营公司，是没有能力将自己的刮刮卡铺到最终销售网点的，这个时候就出现了“国代”和“省代”两种模式。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“国代”就是指游戏运营企业将刮刮卡的销售权代理给一家渠道商，当时有几家最为有名：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 512, "txt": "“国代”就是指游戏运营企业将刮刮卡的销售权代理给一家渠道商，当时有几家最为有名：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "智冠、骏网、连邦软件，然后由渠道商将游戏运营企业的刮刮卡铺货到最终的线下销售点。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 513, "txt": "智冠、骏网、连邦软件，然后由渠道商将游戏运营企业的刮刮卡铺货到最终的线下销售点。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而游戏运营企业一般按照点卡面额的7-8折出货给渠道商。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 514, "txt": "而游戏运营企业一般按照点卡面额的7-8折出货给渠道商。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 28, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“省代”模式就是游戏运营企业分别将某个省或某几个省的点卡销售，找一家当地的渠道商进行代理。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 516, "txt": "“省代”模式就是游戏运营企业分别将某个省或某几个省的点卡销售，找一家当地的渠道商进行代理。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因为这个过程中少了全国代理这一层，所以“省代”的进货价格会略高于“国代”，而游戏运营企业通过这种模式也可以获得更高的利润率。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 517, "txt": "因为这个过程中少了全国代理这一层，所以“省代”的进货价格会略高于“国代”，而游戏运营企业通过这种模式也可以获得更高的利润率。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 29, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在和“省代”签约的时候，游戏运营企业为了鼓励销售，一般会对“省代”有“返点”，指的是“省代”在一段时间（月、季、年都有可能）进货达到一定额度的时候，游戏运营企业会给“省代”现金或刮刮卡返点，进货越多返点越高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 519, "txt": "在和“省代”签约的时候，游戏运营企业为了鼓励销售，一般会对“省代”有“返点”，指的是“省代”在一段时间（月、季、年都有可能）进货达到一定额度的时候，游戏运营企业会给“省代”现金或刮刮卡返点，进货越多返点越高。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 30, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "据我所知，到了“省代”模式后期，“省代”进货后基本是以原进货价铺到销售网点，中间的差价就是销售网点的利润，而“省代”的利润则基本来源于“返点”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 521, "txt": "据我所知，到了“省代”模式后期，“省代”进货后基本是以原进货价铺到销售网点，中间的差价就是销售网点的利润，而“省代”的利润则基本来源于“返点”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种销售模式会衍生出一个问题——“串货”，也就是A省的省代通过某些方式，将自己进货的点卡在不属于自己销售范围的地方销售，这样就必然影响到其他省代的利益。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 522, "txt": "这种销售模式会衍生出一个问题——“串货”，也就是A省的省代通过某些方式，将自己进货的点卡在不属于自己销售范围的地方销售，这样就必然影响到其他省代的利益。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "老玩家可能还记得，10年之前淘宝上可以买到比较便宜的点卡，很多就是这个原因。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 523, "txt": "老玩家可能还记得，10年之前淘宝上可以买到比较便宜的点卡，很多就是这个原因。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "销售部门需要对整个销售环节进行执行和管理，从刮刮卡的制作（配合开发部门生成序列号和密码）、入库、出库、物流、收款、返点、“串货”巡查和处理等等一堆繁杂的事项。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 525, "txt": "销售部门需要对整个销售环节进行执行和管理，从刮刮卡的制作（配合开发部门生成序列号和密码）、入库、出库、物流、收款、返点、“串货”巡查和处理等等一堆繁杂的事项。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而在中国么，很多生意是在酒桌上进行或者润滑的，所以这个部门的同事几乎都有好酒量（这里向一位我尊敬的前辈和大哥“S三斤”致敬）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 526, "txt": "而在中国么，很多生意是在酒桌上进行或者润滑的，所以这个部门的同事几乎都有好酒量（这里向一位我尊敬的前辈和大哥“S三斤”致敬）。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[7]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 32, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "除此之外，销售部门还有一项特别重要的工作——“压货”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 528, "txt": "除此之外，销售部门还有一项特别重要的工作——“压货”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "每个地区，有能力的经销商可能就那么一家，这家经销商可能同时承销若干件游戏运营企业的刮刮卡。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 529, "txt": "每个地区，有能力的经销商可能就那么一家，这家经销商可能同时承销若干件游戏运营企业的刮刮卡。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但是经销商的资金是有限的，多进了A公司的货，可能B公司的货就没有办法进太多，如果能占用渠道商资金，可能就会对其他游戏企业的点卡销售产生影响，导致玩家买不到。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 530, "txt": "但是经销商的资金是有限的，多进了A公司的货，可能B公司的货就没有办法进太多，如果能占用渠道商资金，可能就会对其他游戏企业的点卡销售产生影响，导致玩家买不到。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以“压货”也是游戏在底层销售渠道的一种竞争。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 531, "txt": "所以“压货”也是游戏在底层销售渠道的一种竞争。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[3]/p[8]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 33, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "市场部门，最花钱的部门：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 533, "txt": "市场部门，最花钱的部门：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[18]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 34, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个部门的工作，一句话总结：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 535, "txt": "这个部门的工作，一句话总结：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[4]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“把用户吸引进来。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 536, "txt": "“把用户吸引进来。”", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[4]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在早期，工作相对简单，我后面在游戏的运营过程中会详细解释。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 537, "txt": "在早期，工作相对简单，我后面在游戏的运营过程中会详细解释。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[4]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 35, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "客服部门，人最多的部门：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 539, "txt": "客服部门，人最多的部门：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[19]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 36, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个部门工作也很简单，解决玩家遇到的各种问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 541, "txt": "这个部门工作也很简单，解决玩家遇到的各种问题。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[5]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "由于三班倒的工作方式，所以这个部门的人员可能是整个公司中最多的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 542, "txt": "由于三班倒的工作方式，所以这个部门的人员可能是整个公司中最多的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[5]/p"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 37, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "早期的时候，一个游戏运营公司有这么几个部门，其他的例如QA、美术等岗位，一般包含在某个部门中。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 544, "txt": "早期的时候，一个游戏运营公司有这么几个部门，其他的例如QA、美术等岗位，一般包含在某个部门中。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[20]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一个中小规模的企业，大概有个40来人就能支撑若干款游戏的运营工作了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 545, "txt": "一个中小规模的企业，大概有个40来人就能支撑若干款游戏的运营工作了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[20]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 38, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "02 早期游戏运营内幕", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 547, "txt": "02 早期游戏运营内幕", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/h2[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 39, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "从玩家角度来说，早期游戏的运营工作可以归纳为以下几个步骤：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 549, "txt": "从玩家角度来说，早期游戏的运营工作可以归纳为以下几个步骤：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "知道游戏→想玩游戏→能玩游戏→花钱玩游戏→长时间花钱玩游戏。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 550, "txt": "知道游戏→想玩游戏→能玩游戏→花钱玩游戏→长时间花钱玩游戏。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在游戏行业初期，进行步骤1和步骤2相对来说手段是比较单一的：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 551, "txt": "在游戏行业初期，进行步骤1和步骤2相对来说手段是比较单一的：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "广告、软文、事件营销、地面推广。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 552, "txt": "广告、软文、事件营销、地面推广。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[21]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 40, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "首先说广告，在我刚入行的时代，和游戏相关的媒体分为网媒和平媒。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 554, "txt": "首先说广告，在我刚入行的时代，和游戏相关的媒体分为网媒和平媒。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其中网媒最大的三家，是17173、天使在线、新浪游戏；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 555, "txt": "其中网媒最大的三家，是17173、天使在线、新浪游戏；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "平媒的话比较有名的是电脑报、电脑游戏攻略、大众软件、电脑商情报等等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 556, "txt": "平媒的话比较有名的是电脑报、电脑游戏攻略、大众软件、电脑商情报等等。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以想让玩家知道游戏，在这些媒体上刊载广告即可。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 557, "txt": "所以想让玩家知道游戏，在这些媒体上刊载广告即可。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[22]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 41, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然后就是软文，在媒体上刊载游戏内容介绍、攻略玩法等等，目的就是让玩家感受到游戏的可玩之处。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 559, "txt": "然后就是软文，在媒体上刊载游戏内容介绍、攻略玩法等等，目的就是让玩家感受到游戏的可玩之处。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[23]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 42, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "事件营销就是炒作和游戏相关的事件或者概念，引发潜在用户的关注。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 561, "txt": "事件营销就是炒作和游戏相关的事件或者概念，引发潜在用户的关注。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比较有代表性的一个案例：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 562, "txt": "比较有代表性的一个案例：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "《A3》，当时炒作“成人游戏”概念，炒的很红，引发了关注，也导致版号审了非常久……", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 563, "txt": "《A3》，当时炒作“成人游戏”概念，炒的很红，引发了关注，也导致版号审了非常久……", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[24]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 43, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "地面推广就是游戏企业在线下进行的游戏宣传工作，网吧里贴海报搞试玩活动、商场里做宣传、人流量大的地方发小纸片广告等等，手段非常多。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 565, "txt": "地面推广就是游戏企业在线下进行的游戏宣传工作，网吧里贴海报搞试玩活动、商场里做宣传、人流量大的地方发小纸片广告等等，手段非常多。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[25]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 44, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "用户知道了游戏，并且也有尝试玩的想法了，但是怎么才能玩到呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 567, "txt": "用户知道了游戏，并且也有尝试玩的想法了，但是怎么才能玩到呢？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[26]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "首先需要做一个游戏官网，官网上肯定要放上客户端的下载。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 568, "txt": "首先需要做一个游戏官网，官网上肯定要放上客户端的下载。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[26]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时在网络媒体上也要开出游戏的专区，并分流下载。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 569, "txt": "同时在网络媒体上也要开出游戏的专区，并分流下载。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[26]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在CDN还不成熟的年代，提供客户端的高速下载也是不低的成本。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 570, "txt": "在CDN还不成熟的年代，提供客户端的高速下载也是不低的成本。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[26]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "某些产品还会和平媒合作，将客户端放置在平媒销售时附带的光盘上。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 571, "txt": "某些产品还会和平媒合作，将客户端放置在平媒销售时附带的光盘上。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[26]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以那个年代，客户端的大小也是很敏感的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 572, "txt": "所以那个年代，客户端的大小也是很敏感的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[26]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "用户搞定了客户端，然后游戏企业也架设好了服务器，游戏就处于“可玩”的状态了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 574, "txt": "用户搞定了客户端，然后游戏企业也架设好了服务器，游戏就处于“可玩”的状态了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "为了进行全方位的测试，游戏一般会有一次“内测”流程。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 575, "txt": "为了进行全方位的测试，游戏一般会有一次“内测”流程。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "用户通过各种渠道获得游戏的激活码，激活自己的账号以获得进入内测的资格，然后在或长或短（一般不会超过1个月）的时间内，可以先于其他玩家体验游戏。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 576, "txt": "用户通过各种渠道获得游戏的激活码，激活自己的账号以获得进入内测的资格，然后在或长或短（一般不会超过1个月）的时间内，可以先于其他玩家体验游戏。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[27]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2VGQgZ9AwOz1twkWjgZBzC.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 313, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2VGQgZ9AwOz1twkWjgZBzC.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[28]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 47, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "“坦克世界”公测搞出了“百万拖拉机”事件网络", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 578, "txt": "“坦克世界”公测搞出了“百万拖拉机”事件网络", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[29]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 48, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "通过内测，游戏企业确认了各项准备工作都已到位，游戏的品质玩家也能接受，那么就选择良辰吉日开启“公测”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 580, "txt": "通过内测，游戏企业确认了各项准备工作都已到位，游戏的品质玩家也能接受，那么就选择良辰吉日开启“公测”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[30]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在“公测”阶段，游戏依然处于免费的状态，但用户已经可以随意注册账号并登录游戏了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 581, "txt": "在“公测”阶段，游戏依然处于免费的状态，但用户已经可以随意注册账号并登录游戏了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[30]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而“公测”的前后，也是广告、软文等等轰炸规模最大的时间段，务必烧钱让更多的玩家进入到游戏内。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 582, "txt": "而“公测”的前后，也是广告、软文等等轰炸规模最大的时间段，务必烧钱让更多的玩家进入到游戏内。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[30]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 49, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在“公测”一段时间后（一般不会超过1个月），游戏开始正式进入商业化阶段，这个时候玩家就需要购买点卡来获取游戏时间了，当然新进的玩家依然可以获得一段时间的免费游戏。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 584, "txt": "在“公测”一段时间后（一般不会超过1个月），游戏开始正式进入商业化阶段，这个时候玩家就需要购买点卡来获取游戏时间了，当然新进的玩家依然可以获得一段时间的免费游戏。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[31]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "游戏企业也开始了收钱阶段。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 585, "txt": "游戏企业也开始了收钱阶段。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[31]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 50, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而游戏可玩内容越多，玩家付费的时间越长，单个用户的贡献度也就越大。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 587, "txt": "而游戏可玩内容越多，玩家付费的时间越长，单个用户的贡献度也就越大。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[32]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在这样逻辑下，游戏必须包含让玩家长时间游玩的内容。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 588, "txt": "在这样逻辑下，游戏必须包含让玩家长时间游玩的内容。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[32]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "03 游戏公司赚钱吗？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 590, "txt": "03 游戏公司赚钱吗？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/h2[3]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "从上述的介绍，我们来归纳下游戏企业的各项支出：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 592, "txt": "从上述的介绍，我们来归纳下游戏企业的各项支出：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[33]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1. 游戏代理成本：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 594, "txt": "1. 游戏代理成本：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[6]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "版权金、分成", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 595, "txt": "版权金、分成", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[6]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2. 市场成本：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 597, "txt": "2. 市场成本：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[6]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "广告费、软文（找人写软文需要付稿费、找媒体刊载软文也有一定费用）、地推执行费用、代言人费用等等", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 598, "txt": "广告费、软文（找人写软文需要付稿费、找媒体刊载软文也有一定费用）、地推执行费用、代言人费用等等", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[6]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3. 技术成本：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 600, "txt": "3. 技术成本：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[6]/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "服务器购买或租赁费用、机房费用、带宽成本", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 601, "txt": "服务器购买或租赁费用、机房费用、带宽成本", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[6]/p[3]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4. 渠道成本：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 603, "txt": "4. 渠道成本：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[6]/p[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "制卡费用、物流成本", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 604, "txt": "制卡费用、物流成本", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[6]/p[4]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "5. 人力行政成本：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 606, "txt": "5. 人力行政成本：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[6]/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个最简单，员工要发工资，上班要有办公室，要房租要用水用电用电脑用家具等等", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 607, "txt": "这个最简单，员工要发工资，上班要有办公室，要房租要用水用电用电脑用家具等等", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[6]/p[5]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "6. 其他杂项成本", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 609, "txt": "6. 其他杂项成本", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[6]/p[6]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "说完支出再来说营收。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 611, "txt": "说完支出再来说营收。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[34]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "营收的来源唯一，就是玩家购买点卡的钱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 612, "txt": "营收的来源唯一，就是玩家购买点卡的钱。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[34]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 60, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "按照当时市场的一般估算，一个游戏最高同时在线1万人的情况下，活跃付费（这个时代，付费率还是可以看成100%）的人数可能在5万左右。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 614, "txt": "按照当时市场的一般估算，一个游戏最高同时在线1万人的情况下，活跃付费（这个时代，付费率还是可以看成100%）的人数可能在5万左右。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "按照每人每月30元包月来计算，游戏的流水为150万/月。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 615, "txt": "按照每人每月30元包月来计算，游戏的流水为150万/月。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[35]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 61, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "为方便计算，假设点卡出货价为八折，游戏公司每月实际收款为1500.8=120万，假设研发公司的分成比例为20%，则研发公司每月分成金为1500.2=30万；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 617, "txt": "为方便计算，假设点卡出货价为八折，游戏公司每月实际收款为1500.8=120万，假设研发公司的分成比例为20%，则研发公司每月分成金为1500.2=30万；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[36]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "技术成本一般不会超过流水的5%（服务器采购虽然是一次性支出，但计算的时候按固定资产折旧来算），每个月5万应该够了；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 618, "txt": "技术成本一般不会超过流水的5%（服务器采购虽然是一次性支出，但计算的时候按固定资产折旧来算），每个月5万应该够了；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[36]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "人力行政成本，按照平均月薪5000来计算（我在第一家公司三年，月薪从2000升到4500），4050001.5=30万；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 619, "txt": "人力行政成本，按照平均月薪5000来计算（我在第一家公司三年，月薪从2000升到4500），4050001.5=30万；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[36]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "市场成本比较难计算，因为不是平均支出的，在游戏公测前后会比较多，游戏商业化运营期会减少很多。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 620, "txt": "市场成本比较难计算，因为不是平均支出的，在游戏公测前后会比较多，游戏商业化运营期会减少很多。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[36]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一般来说，我们会控制在流水的20%-30%，先按20%来计算，1500.2=30万。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 621, "txt": "一般来说，我们会控制在流水的20%-30%，先按20%来计算，1500.2=30万。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[36]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 62, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那么毛利润大概有多少呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 623, "txt": "那么毛利润大概有多少呢？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "120-30-5-30-30=25万，毛利润率为25/150=13.3%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 624, "txt": "120-30-5-30-30=25万，毛利润率为25/150=13.3%。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[37]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 63, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "按照这个结果，这个项目基本上处于失败的边缘了，因为这里还没有计算版权金的支出和其他的一些杂项成本。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 626, "txt": "按照这个结果，这个项目基本上处于失败的边缘了，因为这里还没有计算版权金的支出和其他的一些杂项成本。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[38]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一般来说，在游戏行业的初期阶段，运营比较好的项目毛利润率可以达到30%上下。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 627, "txt": "一般来说，在游戏行业的初期阶段，运营比较好的项目毛利润率可以达到30%上下。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[38]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 64, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "看到这里，大家是不是觉得游戏行业没有想象的那么赚钱？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 629, "txt": "看到这里，大家是不是觉得游戏行业没有想象的那么赚钱？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "其实上述的计算过程隐藏了一个重要概念：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 630, "txt": "其实上述的计算过程隐藏了一个重要概念：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一个游戏的流水和支出，并不是像生产制造行业那样处于一个正比例线性增长的关系。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 631, "txt": "一个游戏的流水和支出，并不是像生产制造行业那样处于一个正比例线性增长的关系。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "换句话说就是“游戏产品的生产成本，在某种概念上是可以忽略的。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 632, "txt": "换句话说就是“游戏产品的生产成本，在某种概念上是可以忽略的。”", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[39]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 65, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4JMrp1m4Ppy3PFd3G3VVhmN.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 335, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4JMrp1m4Ppy3PFd3G3VVhmN.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[40]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 66, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "类“传奇”网游经久不衰网络", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 634, "txt": "类“传奇”网游经久不衰网络", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[41]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 67, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "从上面的成本计算中，我们可以看到，真正和游戏产品的“生产”过程相关的，是版权金、分成、技术成本（游戏用户规模大，服务器更多，各项成本也增加），而人员成本则是一个相对规定的值。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 636, "txt": "从上面的成本计算中，我们可以看到，真正和游戏产品的“生产”过程相关的，是版权金、分成、技术成本（游戏用户规模大，服务器更多，各项成本也增加），而人员成本则是一个相对规定的值。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[42]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们还是按照上述计算方式，计算当游戏最高在线是2万人时的情况：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 637, "txt": "我们还是按照上述计算方式，计算当游戏最高在线是2万人时的情况：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[42]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 68, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "最高在线2万人，活跃付费人数10万，每月流水300万；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 639, "txt": "最高在线2万人，活跃付费人数10万，每月流水300万；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "游戏公司实收3000.8=240万；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 640, "txt": "游戏公司实收3000.8=240万；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "游戏开发企业分成3000.2=60万；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 641, "txt": "游戏开发企业分成3000.2=60万；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "技术成本按翻倍计算为10万；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 642, "txt": "技术成本按翻倍计算为10万；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "人力成本不变，30万；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 643, "txt": "人力成本不变，30万；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "市场成本计算按20%计算，3000.2=60万；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 644, "txt": "市场成本计算按20%计算，3000.2=60万；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "毛利润为240-60-10-30-60=80万，毛利润率为80/300=26.7%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 645, "txt": "毛利润为240-60-10-30-60=80万，毛利润率为80/300=26.7%。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[43]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 69, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以此类推，最高同时在线3万人，毛利润就有135万，毛利润率30%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 647, "txt": "以此类推，最高同时在线3万人，毛利润就有135万，毛利润率30%。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[44]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "随着毛利润的提高，毛利润率还能继续提高，是不是就很不错了？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 648, "txt": "随着毛利润的提高，毛利润率还能继续提高，是不是就很不错了？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[44]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 70, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "说白了，游戏运营企业的人力成本，与游戏产品的收入没有正比例关系。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 650, "txt": "说白了，游戏运营企业的人力成本，与游戏产品的收入没有正比例关系。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[45]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 71, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那么，游戏企业要赚钱，取决于什么？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 652, "txt": "那么，游戏企业要赚钱，取决于什么？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[46]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1.游戏产品质量好，这样玩家愿意花钱玩的比例就更高；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 654, "txt": "1.游戏产品质量好，这样玩家愿意花钱玩的比例就更高；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[7]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "玩家间人传人的比例也就更高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 655, "txt": "玩家间人传人的比例也就更高。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[7]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.市场做得好，能用更低的价格获取到用户。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 657, "txt": "2.市场做得好，能用更低的价格获取到用户。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[7]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但是在游戏行业的初期，媒体固定，广告效果也基本固定，大家的做法都差不多的情况下，市场做的好与不好对用户获取的单价很难产生很大的影响。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 659, "txt": "但是在游戏行业的初期，媒体固定，广告效果也基本固定，大家的做法都差不多的情况下，市场做的好与不好对用户获取的单价很难产生很大的影响。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[47]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "玩家的付费都是买游戏时长，游戏企业也很难通过更高的时长收费价格获得更高的单用户贡献，而仅能依靠游戏自身的内容来吸引玩家长时间的游玩。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 660, "txt": "玩家的付费都是买游戏时长，游戏企业也很难通过更高的时长收费价格获得更高的单用户贡献，而仅能依靠游戏自身的内容来吸引玩家长时间的游玩。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[47]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "说到底，要想让游戏成功，就是需要游戏质量好，用户愿意花钱，能够长时间花钱游戏，并且愿意在自身社交圈内进行推广。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 662, "txt": "说到底，要想让游戏成功，就是需要游戏质量好，用户愿意花钱，能够长时间花钱游戏，并且愿意在自身社交圈内进行推广。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[48]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "04 “宝箱”的本质", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 664, "txt": "04 “宝箱”的本质", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/h2[4]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 77, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "到了2003、2004年，免费游戏的风潮吹起来了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 666, "txt": "到了2003、2004年，免费游戏的风潮吹起来了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[49]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "免费游戏从商业逻辑上来说是比较容易理解的：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 668, "txt": "免费游戏从商业逻辑上来说是比较容易理解的：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[50]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "按照时长收费游戏，通常在开始收费后，同时在线人数会跌一半左右。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 669, "txt": "按照时长收费游戏，通常在开始收费后，同时在线人数会跌一半左右。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[50]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "前文中大家也看到，为支撑在线人数所需要的技术成本其实并不高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 670, "txt": "前文中大家也看到，为支撑在线人数所需要的技术成本其实并不高。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[50]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另外，随着行业的发展，获取用户的平均成本也越来越高。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 671, "txt": "另外，随着行业的发展，获取用户的平均成本也越来越高。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[50]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那么与其为了收费让玩家放弃游戏，为什么不让玩家免费继续玩，同时保持一个后期收费的可能呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 672, "txt": "那么与其为了收费让玩家放弃游戏，为什么不让玩家免费继续玩，同时保持一个后期收费的可能呢？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[50]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 175, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "免费游戏道具收费模式最大的问题就是“卖什么？”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 674, "txt": "免费游戏道具收费模式最大的问题就是“卖什么？”", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[51]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 176, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "大家可能看过很多文章，讲述一把“屠龙”、“裁决”多少钱，多少玩家在线下交易，并产生各种斗殴等事件；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 675, "txt": "大家可能看过很多文章，讲述一把“屠龙”、“裁决”多少钱，多少玩家在线下交易，并产生各种斗殴等事件；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[51]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 177, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "前文中致敬过的“S三斤”大哥，曾垄断过《RO》若干个服务器的帽子生意，获利颇丰；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 676, "txt": "前文中致敬过的“S三斤”大哥，曾垄断过《RO》若干个服务器的帽子生意，获利颇丰；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[51]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 178, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "还有《魔兽世界》中的打金工作室等等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 677, "txt": "还有《魔兽世界》中的打金工作室等等。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[51]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些都说明游戏的道具或者货币具备一定的价值和市场。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 678, "txt": "这些都说明游戏的道具或者货币具备一定的价值和市场。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[51]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 80, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但是到底卖什么，却成为了游戏开发和运营人员头疼的问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 680, "txt": "但是到底卖什么，却成为了游戏开发和运营人员头疼的问题。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[52]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 181, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那时候，这个行业的从业人员，我觉得还是比较单纯的，更多是以“游戏”而非“产品”的角度在思考这个问题，所以在进行收费商品规划时，还是比较看重公平性，不过分破坏游戏平衡。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 681, "txt": "那时候，这个行业的从业人员，我觉得还是比较单纯的，更多是以“游戏”而非“产品”的角度在思考这个问题，所以在进行收费商品规划时，还是比较看重公平性，不过分破坏游戏平衡。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[52]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 81, "global_sentence_id": 182, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2z7DPT2RVDik42wRWG3lzrtg.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 354, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2z7DPT2RVDik42wRWG3lzrtg.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[53]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 82, "global_sentence_id": 183, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "魔兽世界网络图", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 683, "txt": "魔兽世界网络图", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[54]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 83, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "以笔者的个人经历来举例，那段时间我在负责运营一款比较成功的休闲游戏项目。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 685, "txt": "以笔者的个人经历来举例，那段时间我在负责运营一款比较成功的休闲游戏项目。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[55]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们在设计收费商品的时候，一般会推出同类型同档次的免费商品，即使一个玩家选择不花一分钱，他在游戏的竞技环境内，还是可以与其他付费玩家保持最基本的平衡。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 686, "txt": "我们在设计收费商品的时候，一般会推出同类型同档次的免费商品，即使一个玩家选择不花一分钱，他在游戏的竞技环境内，还是可以与其他付费玩家保持最基本的平衡。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[55]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 84, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在这样的运营思路下，这款游戏每月的用户付费率（本月有过付费行为的玩家/本月有过登录行为的玩家）不超过5%，同时平均每个付费用户的单月付费额在40元上下。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 688, "txt": "在这样的运营思路下，这款游戏每月的用户付费率（本月有过付费行为的玩家/本月有过登录行为的玩家）不超过5%，同时平均每个付费用户的单月付费额在40元上下。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[56]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "换算下来，也就是平均一个用户每个月贡献了2元钱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 689, "txt": "换算下来，也就是平均一个用户每个月贡献了2元钱。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[56]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 85, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然单用户的贡献并不高，但是因为这个游戏本身品质很好，导致用户的留存非常高（新用户进到游戏一周后，流失率不超过50%），所以用户规模累积的非常迅速，从而造成了整个项目在商业上是比较成功的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 691, "txt": "虽然单用户的贡献并不高，但是因为这个游戏本身品质很好，导致用户的留存非常高（新用户进到游戏一周后，流失率不超过50%），所以用户规模累积的非常迅速，从而造成了整个项目在商业上是比较成功的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[57]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 86, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "再来说下大家“深恶痛绝”的“开宝箱”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 693, "txt": "再来说下大家“深恶痛绝”的“开宝箱”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[58]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从个人情感上来讲，我是非常反感这种商业模式的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 694, "txt": "从个人情感上来讲，我是非常反感这种商业模式的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[58]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因为在我看来，“宝箱”本质上还是一种赌博，而玩家在进行这种形式的消费时是非理性的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 695, "txt": "因为在我看来，“宝箱”本质上还是一种赌博，而玩家在进行这种形式的消费时是非理性的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[58]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "为了规避国家法律法规的限制，我们通常会设计一些“垃圾”的收费商品，虽然这些商品可能并不会有用户进行购买。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 697, "txt": "为了规避国家法律法规的限制，我们通常会设计一些“垃圾”的收费商品，虽然这些商品可能并不会有用户进行购买。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[59]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "然后将这些“垃圾”商品和真正有价值的商品打包在宝箱中，这样玩家即使开到他不想要的“垃圾”，在表面上这些“垃圾”的价值还是高于“宝箱”的价格。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 698, "txt": "然后将这些“垃圾”商品和真正有价值的商品打包在宝箱中，这样玩家即使开到他不想要的“垃圾”，在表面上这些“垃圾”的价值还是高于“宝箱”的价格。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[59]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 88, "global_sentence_id": 194, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "详细解释下：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 700, "txt": "详细解释下：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[60]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 89, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一个宝箱的价格为2元，宝箱内最有价值的商品A在游戏内直接销售的价格为40元，而其他开宝箱获得的“垃圾”在游戏内直接销售的价格最低也超过2元。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 702, "txt": "一个宝箱的价格为2元，宝箱内最有价值的商品A在游戏内直接销售的价格为40元，而其他开宝箱获得的“垃圾”在游戏内直接销售的价格最低也超过2元。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[8]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种方式我可以姑且理解为“促销”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 703, "txt": "这种方式我可以姑且理解为“促销”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[8]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在宝箱的销售获得成功后，我和游戏开发方的负责人一起联合抵制了老板把“宝箱”销售长期化的想法，因为老板当时想把所有有价值的商品仅以宝箱形式售卖。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 704, "txt": "在宝箱的销售获得成功后，我和游戏开发方的负责人一起联合抵制了老板把“宝箱”销售长期化的想法，因为老板当时想把所有有价值的商品仅以宝箱形式售卖。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[8]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 90, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "按照老板的这种想法，某种意义上宝箱的本质就从“促销”变成了“搭售”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 706, "txt": "按照老板的这种想法，某种意义上宝箱的本质就从“促销”变成了“搭售”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[8]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "表面上看，两种方式似乎没有区别，都是用户为了买到自己想要的商品，被迫买了一堆自己并不需要的“垃圾”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 707, "txt": "表面上看，两种方式似乎没有区别，都是用户为了买到自己想要的商品，被迫买了一堆自己并不需要的“垃圾”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[8]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但实际上，后面这种方式把用户获得有价值商品的途径单一化了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 708, "txt": "但实际上，后面这种方式把用户获得有价值商品的途径单一化了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[8]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 91, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这就像某些奢侈品牌喜欢搞的那样：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 710, "txt": "这就像某些奢侈品牌喜欢搞的那样：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[61]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "某新款包包官方售价2万元，但是您必须先消费30万元购买其他商品，才有资格来购买这款包包。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 711, "txt": "某新款包包官方售价2万元，但是您必须先消费30万元购买其他商品，才有资格来购买这款包包。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[61]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "想直接买？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 712, "txt": "想直接买？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[61]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "没门。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 713, "txt": "没门。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[61]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种方式下，其实这款包包的真实价格已经被搞到了32万。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 714, "txt": "这种方式下，其实这款包包的真实价格已经被搞到了32万。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[61]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 206, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以某些奢侈品牌热门商品的二手价格高于官方售价，就是这种销售行为导致的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 715, "txt": "所以某些奢侈品牌热门商品的二手价格高于官方售价，就是这种销售行为导致的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[61]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 92, "global_sentence_id": 207, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在这种消费模式下，用户获得商品所付出的成本，大大超出了商品的实际价值。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 717, "txt": "在这种消费模式下，用户获得商品所付出的成本，大大超出了商品的实际价值。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[62]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但是在维持游戏基本平衡的原则下，我们又不能将“商品”的价值做到匹配它的获取成本。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 718, "txt": "但是在维持游戏基本平衡的原则下，我们又不能将“商品”的价值做到匹配它的获取成本。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[62]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 209, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种矛盾性使得我们最终没有采用这种销售模式。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 719, "txt": "这种矛盾性使得我们最终没有采用这种销售模式。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[62]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 93, "global_sentence_id": 210, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "想在免费游戏模式下获得更高收益，最简单直接的方式，就是扩大用户的平均贡献度，也就是提高付费率和付费用户的平均付费额。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 721, "txt": "想在免费游戏模式下获得更高收益，最简单直接的方式，就是扩大用户的平均贡献度，也就是提高付费率和付费用户的平均付费额。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 211, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "要达到这样的目标，最简单的手段就是打破游戏平衡性，给付费用户赋予相对于免费用户的优势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 722, "txt": "要达到这样的目标，最简单的手段就是打破游戏平衡性，给付费用户赋予相对于免费用户的优势。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 212, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在我个人看来，2006年出现的某款游戏彻底打开了这个“潘多拉魔盒”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 723, "txt": "在我个人看来，2006年出现的某款游戏彻底打开了这个“潘多拉魔盒”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 213, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我不想提这款游戏的名字，我也不想指责谁。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 724, "txt": "我不想提这款游戏的名字，我也不想指责谁。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 214, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因为我知道即使没有这款游戏，“潘多拉魔盒”迟早也会被其他游戏打开。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 725, "txt": "因为我知道即使没有这款游戏，“潘多拉魔盒”迟早也会被其他游戏打开。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[63]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 94, "global_sentence_id": 215, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "05 “潘多拉魔盒”被打开", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 727, "txt": "05 “潘多拉魔盒”被打开", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/h2[5]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong", "h2"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 95, "global_sentence_id": 216, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "2006年开始，以优酷、土豆为代表的视频网站媒体的崛起，还有网盟广告媒体，给整个游戏行业带来了新的用户获取途径，我们能够向潜在用户发送广告了，而之前的垂直媒体仅能向核心用户进行游戏宣传。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 729, "txt": "2006年开始，以优酷、土豆为代表的视频网站媒体的崛起，还有网盟广告媒体，给整个游戏行业带来了新的用户获取途径，我们能够向潜在用户发送广告了，而之前的垂直媒体仅能向核心用户进行游戏宣传。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[64]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 96, "global_sentence_id": 217, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时，网页游戏成为了新的行业热潮。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 730, "txt": "同时，网页游戏成为了新的行业热潮。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[64]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 96, "global_sentence_id": 218, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "网页游戏省去了玩家下载游戏客户端的过程，甚至省略了账号注册等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 732, "txt": "网页游戏省去了玩家下载游戏客户端的过程，甚至省略了账号注册等。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 219, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "玩家看到广告，点击广告就直接进入了游戏，甚至连游戏角色起名环节都可以后置。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 733, "txt": "玩家看到广告，点击广告就直接进入了游戏，甚至连游戏角色起名环节都可以后置。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 220, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "相信老资格的玩家都还记得，当时铺天盖地的网页弹窗，各种擦边的色情广告，永远找不到的广告关闭按钮等等，唯一的目的就是让每个接触到广告的人进到游戏，而不管你是否有进行游戏的主观愿望。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 734, "txt": "相信老资格的玩家都还记得，当时铺天盖地的网页弹窗，各种擦边的色情广告，永远找不到的广告关闭按钮等等，唯一的目的就是让每个接触到广告的人进到游戏，而不管你是否有进行游戏的主观愿望。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[65]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 97, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从游戏本质上来说，网页游戏受限于它的运行环境，无法做到和客户端游戏同等的画面质量和操作感受。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 736, "txt": "从游戏本质上来说，网页游戏受限于它的运行环境，无法做到和客户端游戏同等的画面质量和操作感受。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[66]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而随着平衡性的“潘多拉魔盒”被打开，网页游戏几乎都采用了破坏游戏平衡来刺激用户付费的方式：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 737, "txt": "而随着平衡性的“潘多拉魔盒”被打开，网页游戏几乎都采用了破坏游戏平衡来刺激用户付费的方式：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[66]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "造个建筑需要3小时，花钱一键完成；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 738, "txt": "造个建筑需要3小时，花钱一键完成；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[66]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "生产士兵需要12小时，花钱一键完成；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 739, "txt": "生产士兵需要12小时，花钱一键完成；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[66]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 225, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "缺少各种资源，花钱提升资源产出率……", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 740, "txt": "缺少各种资源，花钱提升资源产出率……", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[66]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 226, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“付费玩家花钱换时间，免费用户花时间一样玩”，只是游戏行业从业人员的自我麻痹。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 741, "txt": "“付费玩家花钱换时间，免费用户花时间一样玩”，只是游戏行业从业人员的自我麻痹。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[66]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "同时“搭售”性质的宝箱也成为了提高用户贡献度的重要手段，因为反正也没有什么平衡性可言了，自然可以把宝箱里的商品价值做高来吸引用户购买。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 742, "txt": "同时“搭售”性质的宝箱也成为了提高用户贡献度的重要手段，因为反正也没有什么平衡性可言了，自然可以把宝箱里的商品价值做高来吸引用户购买。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[66]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 98, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "也因为网页游戏的各种特性，玩家的流失率远高于客户端游戏。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 744, "txt": "也因为网页游戏的各种特性，玩家的流失率远高于客户端游戏。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[67]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 99, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而为获取用户的市场成本也逐渐提高，一家公司很难独立承担这部分市场成本，新的商业模式“联运”开始了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 745, "txt": "而为获取用户的市场成本也逐渐提高，一家公司很难独立承担这部分市场成本，新的商业模式“联运”开始了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[67]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 99, "global_sentence_id": 230, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“联运”的全称是“联合运营”，指的是游戏运营企业将游戏的运营权再授权给其他企业，这些企业运营游戏获取的收入再和授权企业分成。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 747, "txt": "“联运”的全称是“联合运营”，指的是游戏运营企业将游戏的运营权再授权给其他企业，这些企业运营游戏获取的收入再和授权企业分成。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[68]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 100, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而被授权企业要负担获取用户的市场成本，也因为这样，被授权企业能获得游戏收入的大头，比如90%。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 748, "txt": "而被授权企业要负担获取用户的市场成本，也因为这样，被授权企业能获得游戏收入的大头，比如90%。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[68]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 100, "global_sentence_id": 232, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个时候，游戏运营的商业逻辑就简化成了这样：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 750, "txt": "这个时候，游戏运营的商业逻辑就简化成了这样：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[69]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 101, "global_sentence_id": 233, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "今天花10万块导入了1万的新用户，单个用户获取成本为10块。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 752, "txt": "今天花10万块导入了1万的新用户，单个用户获取成本为10块。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[70]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 102, "global_sentence_id": 234, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些新用户在后面的1个月一共付了10万块，所以这些用户在一个月内平均每人的LTV（life time value）为10块，扣除分成后，实际为9块。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 753, "txt": "这些新用户在后面的1个月一共付了10万块，所以这些用户在一个月内平均每人的LTV（life time value）为10块，扣除分成后，实际为9块。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[70]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 102, "global_sentence_id": 235, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一个月内未能回本，但很大概率后面因为用户的持续付费而回本甚至盈利。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 754, "txt": "一个月内未能回本，但很大概率后面因为用户的持续付费而回本甚至盈利。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[70]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 102, "global_sentence_id": 236, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在这样的商业逻辑下，最重要的事情是使用户的收益尽快超过获取用户所付出的成本。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 756, "txt": "在这样的商业逻辑下，最重要的事情是使用户的收益尽快超过获取用户所付出的成本。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[71]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 237, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这样不断地用收来的钱做推广，获得用户，然后再收钱，做更多的推广，获得更多的用户，形成一个资金流的“正循环”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 757, "txt": "这样不断地用收来的钱做推广，获得用户，然后再收钱，做更多的推广，获得更多的用户，形成一个资金流的“正循环”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[71]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 238, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "手段有哪些呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 758, "txt": "手段有哪些呢？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[71]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 103, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1.降低用户的获取成本", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 760, "txt": "1.降低用户的获取成本", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[72]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 104, "global_sentence_id": 240, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 762, "txt": "比如：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[73]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 105, "global_sentence_id": 241, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这个游戏是玄幻题材，所以我是否应该将广告费用在玄幻小说网站上，并且在广告展现上体现出玄幻元素，从而实现用户喜好上的匹配，这样用户点击广告的概率与就提升了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 763, "txt": "这个游戏是玄幻题材，所以我是否应该将广告费用在玄幻小说网站上，并且在广告展现上体现出玄幻元素，从而实现用户喜好上的匹配，这样用户点击广告的概率与就提升了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[73]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 105, "global_sentence_id": 242, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "再比如：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 765, "txt": "再比如：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[74]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 106, "global_sentence_id": 243, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我把广告做的更“擦边”一些，是否可以吸引更多用户点击？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 766, "txt": "我把广告做的更“擦边”一些，是否可以吸引更多用户点击？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[74]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 106, "global_sentence_id": 244, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "再再比如：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 767, "txt": "再再比如：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[74]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 106, "global_sentence_id": 245, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我把广告设置为无法直接关闭，逼着用户点广告。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 768, "txt": "我把广告设置为无法直接关闭，逼着用户点广告。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[74]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 106, "global_sentence_id": 246, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "再再再比如：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 769, "txt": "再再再比如：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[74]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 106, "global_sentence_id": 247, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我给网站做一个透明浮层，用户任意点击就直接进游戏。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 770, "txt": "我给网站做一个透明浮层，用户任意点击就直接进游戏。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[74]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 106, "global_sentence_id": 248, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2VTQWM4etc6j36Lnbp3XN2OT.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 383, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2VTQWM4etc6j36Lnbp3XN2OT.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[75]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 107, "global_sentence_id": 249, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "网页游戏网络", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 772, "txt": "网页游戏网络", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[76]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 108, "global_sentence_id": 250, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "2.能否快速使用户产生付费冲动？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 774, "txt": "2.能否快速使用户产生付费冲动？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[77]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 109, "global_sentence_id": 251, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 776, "txt": "比如：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[78]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 110, "global_sentence_id": 252, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在游戏的新手引导中，加入各种付费效果体验，让用户体验到付费优势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 777, "txt": "在游戏的新手引导中，加入各种付费效果体验，让用户体验到付费优势。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[78]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 110, "global_sentence_id": 253, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "再比如：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 778, "txt": "再比如：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[78]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 110, "global_sentence_id": 254, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "设计小额付费礼包，里面装一堆超值商品，吸引用户付费破冰。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 779, "txt": "设计小额付费礼包，里面装一堆超值商品，吸引用户付费破冰。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[78]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 110, "global_sentence_id": 255, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "再再比如：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 780, "txt": "再再比如：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[78]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 110, "global_sentence_id": 256, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "各种排行榜，天天开新服，让用户付一点费就能获得更多游戏优势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 781, "txt": "各种排行榜，天天开新服，让用户付一点费就能获得更多游戏优势。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[78]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 110, "global_sentence_id": 257, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.提升游戏品质", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 783, "txt": "3.提升游戏品质", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[79]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 111, "global_sentence_id": 258, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "比如提升画面质量、开放更多游戏玩法，做一个好的剧情让玩家有更沉浸的体验，从而提升用户的留存率和付费的可能性……", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 785, "txt": "比如提升画面质量、开放更多游戏玩法，做一个好的剧情让玩家有更沉浸的体验，从而提升用户的留存率和付费的可能性……", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[80]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 112, "global_sentence_id": 259, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "各位读者，你们认为以上的这些手段，哪些更容易实现？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 787, "txt": "各位读者，你们认为以上的这些手段，哪些更容易实现？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[81]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 113, "global_sentence_id": 260, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "显然提升游戏品质是最慢、成本最高，且不一定能立竿见影的做法了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 788, "txt": "显然提升游戏品质是最慢、成本最高，且不一定能立竿见影的做法了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[81]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 113, "global_sentence_id": 261, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "06 “应用市场”的时代", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 790, "txt": "06 “应用市场”的时代", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/h2[6]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["h2", "strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 114, "global_sentence_id": 262, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "时间进入2010时代，手游开始兴起了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 792, "txt": "时间进入2010时代，手游开始兴起了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[82]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 115, "global_sentence_id": 263, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从运营工作角度来说，手游的运营其实相对来说更简单一些。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 793, "txt": "从运营工作角度来说，手游的运营其实相对来说更简单一些。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[82]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 115, "global_sentence_id": 264, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "首先，渠道部门基本不存在了，因为所有的用户支付都通过线上进行。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 795, "txt": "首先，渠道部门基本不存在了，因为所有的用户支付都通过线上进行。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[83]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 116, "global_sentence_id": 265, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "那么游戏厂商的利润率是否变高了呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 797, "txt": "那么游戏厂商的利润率是否变高了呢？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[84]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 266, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当然不是，反而更低了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 798, "txt": "当然不是，反而更低了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[84]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 267, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "原因就是市场成本的大幅度提高以及“渠道分成”，就是大家常听到的“苹果税”和安卓应用市场的分成。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 799, "txt": "原因就是市场成本的大幅度提高以及“渠道分成”，就是大家常听到的“苹果税”和安卓应用市场的分成。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[84]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 117, "global_sentence_id": 268, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在当前获取用户所需要的市场宣传成本，已经是整个游戏运营成本中最大的部分。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 801, "txt": "在当前获取用户所需要的市场宣传成本，已经是整个游戏运营成本中最大的部分。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[85]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 269, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果现在一个项目在实际运营工作中，获得用户所花的成本能在1个月内回本的话，已经是非常不错的情况了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 802, "txt": "如果现在一个项目在实际运营工作中，获得用户所花的成本能在1个月内回本的话，已经是非常不错的情况了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[85]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 270, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "考虑到现在动辄几十甚至上百的单用户获取成本，回本压力是非常大的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 803, "txt": "考虑到现在动辄几十甚至上百的单用户获取成本，回本压力是非常大的。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[85]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 118, "global_sentence_id": 271, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "手游的用户留存率有多少呢？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 805, "txt": "手游的用户留存率有多少呢？", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[86]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 119, "global_sentence_id": 272, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以目前情况来看，用户在首次进入游戏后，第二天还能有40%的比例再次进入游戏，算是不错的成绩。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 806, "txt": "以目前情况来看，用户在首次进入游戏后，第二天还能有40%的比例再次进入游戏，算是不错的成绩。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[86]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 119, "global_sentence_id": 273, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "综合上述情况，手游运营的商业逻辑依然还是更多的从回本周期来考虑问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 807, "txt": "综合上述情况，手游运营的商业逻辑依然还是更多的从回本周期来考虑问题。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[86]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 119, "global_sentence_id": 274, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "有区别的无非是某些游戏的生命周期比较长，可以忍受稍微长一些的回本周期。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 808, "txt": "有区别的无非是某些游戏的生命周期比较长，可以忍受稍微长一些的回本周期。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[86]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 119, "global_sentence_id": 275, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2GZrzh4wgGbw3SistH2s94Iy.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 400, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2GZrzh4wgGbw3SistH2s94Iy.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[87]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 120, "global_sentence_id": 276, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "《原神》网络", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 810, "txt": "《原神》网络", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[88]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 121, "global_sentence_id": 277, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "按照操作系统来分，手游需要分成苹果和安卓两个部分来讲（鸿蒙暂时还可以放在安卓部分），两边的商业模式上还是有明显的区别。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 812, "txt": "按照操作系统来分，手游需要分成苹果和安卓两个部分来讲（鸿蒙暂时还可以放在安卓部分），两边的商业模式上还是有明显的区别。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[89]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 122, "global_sentence_id": 278, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "先从简单的苹果来说起。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 814, "txt": "先从简单的苹果来说起。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[90]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 123, "global_sentence_id": 279, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "苹果系统上的手游运营之所以相比安卓要简单一些，在于苹果系统用户获取APP的方式相对简单，就是App Store下载一种模式。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 816, "txt": "苹果系统上的手游运营之所以相比安卓要简单一些，在于苹果系统用户获取APP的方式相对简单，就是App Store下载一种模式。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[91]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 124, "global_sentence_id": 280, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "除此以外还有越狱渠道，但是那个比例已经非常低了，没有必要花笔墨。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 817, "txt": "除此以外还有越狱渠道，但是那个比例已经非常低了，没有必要花笔墨。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[91]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 124, "global_sentence_id": 281, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "也就是说一个游戏在苹果平台上，基本只有一家公司来运营，不存在联运的情况。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 818, "txt": "也就是说一个游戏在苹果平台上，基本只有一家公司来运营，不存在联运的情况。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[91]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 124, "global_sentence_id": 282, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而安卓的情况就比较复杂，多了一个“渠道”。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 820, "txt": "而安卓的情况就比较复杂，多了一个“渠道”。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[92]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 125, "global_sentence_id": 283, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这里的“渠道商”和之前卖点卡的“渠道商”概念完全不同，其实是“联运”的概念。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 821, "txt": "这里的“渠道商”和之前卖点卡的“渠道商”概念完全不同，其实是“联运”的概念。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[92]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 125, "global_sentence_id": 284, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "安卓的所谓“渠道”可以简单地理解为“应用市场”，手机厂商的应用市场，有华为、OPPO、VIVO、小米等等，非手机厂商的，则有应用宝、UC等等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 823, "txt": "安卓的所谓“渠道”可以简单地理解为“应用市场”，手机厂商的应用市场，有华为、OPPO、VIVO、小米等等，非手机厂商的，则有应用宝、UC等等。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 126, "global_sentence_id": 285, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "游戏企业去这些应用市场上上架自己的游戏，首先要和渠道签“联运协议”，游戏接入这些应用市场的用户及付费系统。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 824, "txt": "游戏企业去这些应用市场上上架自己的游戏，首先要和渠道签“联运协议”，游戏接入这些应用市场的用户及付费系统。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 126, "global_sentence_id": 286, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "用户通过这些应用市场下载游戏后，使用的是应用市场的账号体系登录游戏，并且所有的消费也是付款给应用市场，然后应用市场再和游戏厂商进行分成，分成比例一般为5:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 825, "txt": "用户通过这些应用市场下载游戏后，使用的是应用市场的账号体系登录游戏，并且所有的消费也是付款给应用市场，然后应用市场再和游戏厂商进行分成，分成比例一般为5:", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 126, "global_sentence_id": 287, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "5。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 826, "txt": "5。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[93]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 126, "global_sentence_id": 288, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "应用市场一般会要求游戏在正式运营前进行付费删档测试，通过测试期间的用户留存、付费等数据对游戏进行评级，通过评级的高低给予游戏正式开始运营时在本应用市场上的一定量的宣传推广资源。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 828, "txt": "应用市场一般会要求游戏在正式运营前进行付费删档测试，通过测试期间的用户留存、付费等数据对游戏进行评级，通过评级的高低给予游戏正式开始运营时在本应用市场上的一定量的宣传推广资源。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[94]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 127, "global_sentence_id": 289, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在游戏运营以后，应用市场也会根据游戏的营收表现，继续给予推广资源的支持。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 829, "txt": "在游戏运营以后，应用市场也会根据游戏的营收表现，继续给予推广资源的支持。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[94]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 127, "global_sentence_id": 290, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "应用市场同时也会把推广资源销售给游戏厂商，供游戏厂商宣传自身在本应用市场上架的游戏产品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 831, "txt": "应用市场同时也会把推广资源销售给游戏厂商，供游戏厂商宣传自身在本应用市场上架的游戏产品。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[95]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 128, "global_sentence_id": 291, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "除渠道联运外，游戏厂商也可以通过媒体宣传游戏，用户通过这种宣传广告下载到的游戏包体，一般使用厂商自己的用户及付费系统。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 832, "txt": "除渠道联运外，游戏厂商也可以通过媒体宣传游戏，用户通过这种宣传广告下载到的游戏包体，一般使用厂商自己的用户及付费系统。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[95]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 128, "global_sentence_id": 292, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这种情况下用户的付费，游戏厂商就不用和任何第三方来进行分成了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 833, "txt": "这种情况下用户的付费，游戏厂商就不用和任何第三方来进行分成了。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[95]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 128, "global_sentence_id": 293, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "归纳一下：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 835, "txt": "归纳一下：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[96]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 129, "global_sentence_id": 294, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "苹果：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 837, "txt": "苹果：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[9]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 130, "global_sentence_id": 295, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "游戏厂商自己花钱做宣传，得到的收入需要和苹果分成。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 838, "txt": "游戏厂商自己花钱做宣传，得到的收入需要和苹果分成。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[9]/p[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 130, "global_sentence_id": 296, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "安卓：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 840, "txt": "安卓：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[9]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 131, "global_sentence_id": 297, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "游戏厂商自己在外部媒体做宣传，得到的收入都是自己的；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 841, "txt": "游戏厂商自己在外部媒体做宣传，得到的收入都是自己的；", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/blockquote[9]/p[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 131, "global_sentence_id": 298, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "游戏厂商自己在应用市场做宣传+应用市场提供免费的宣传资源，得到的收入厂商和应用市场分成。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 843, "txt": "游戏厂商自己在应用市场做宣传+应用市场提供免费的宣传资源，得到的收入厂商和应用市场分成。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[97]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 132, "global_sentence_id": 299, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在前几年，安卓应用市场能提供的用户量非常巨大，所以大多数厂商对于渠道的依赖性很强。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 845, "txt": "在前几年，安卓应用市场能提供的用户量非常巨大，所以大多数厂商对于渠道的依赖性很强。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[98]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 300, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一些“垃圾”游戏也利用应用市场给予的免费资源导入的用户来赚钱。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 846, "txt": "一些“垃圾”游戏也利用应用市场给予的免费资源导入的用户来赚钱。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[98]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 301, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当一个游戏赚不动了，就换皮搞个新的再上，再蹭一波资源。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 847, "txt": "当一个游戏赚不动了，就换皮搞个新的再上，再蹭一波资源。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[98]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 302, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "近两年，应用市场能带来的用户量有一些下降的趋势。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 848, "txt": "近两年，应用市场能带来的用户量有一些下降的趋势。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[98]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 133, "global_sentence_id": 303, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这里要特别讲一个“特殊”的渠道：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 850, "txt": "这里要特别讲一个“特殊”的渠道：", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[99]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 304, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "TAPTAP。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 851, "txt": "TAPTAP。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[99]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 305, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "厂商在TAPTAP上架游戏，TAPTAP并不分成，而是通过销售推广资源来获利。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 852, "txt": "厂商在TAPTAP上架游戏，TAPTAP并不分成，而是通过销售推广资源来获利。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[99]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 306, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "从这个角度上来看，TAPTAP的性质更类似于传统的游戏垂直媒体。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 853, "txt": "从这个角度上来看，TAPTAP的性质更类似于传统的游戏垂直媒体。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[99]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 134, "global_sentence_id": 307, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "再说一个标杆性的游戏《原神》。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 855, "txt": "再说一个标杆性的游戏《原神》。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[100]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 308, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在我看来，《原神》最特殊的地方，是它摆脱了对安卓联运模式的依赖。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 856, "txt": "在我看来，《原神》最特殊的地方，是它摆脱了对安卓联运模式的依赖。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[100]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 309, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在《原神》开始运营后很长一段时间，以自身明显高出市场平均水准的游戏品质为基础，在安卓平台完全靠着米哈游自己的宣传推广来引入新用户，而所有的收入自然也归于自己。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 857, "txt": "在《原神》开始运营后很长一段时间，以自身明显高出市场平均水准的游戏品质为基础，在安卓平台完全靠着米哈游自己的宣传推广来引入新用户，而所有的收入自然也归于自己。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[100]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 310, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这样的运营方式更像客户端游戏时代的方式。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 858, "txt": "这样的运营方式更像客户端游戏时代的方式。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[100]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 311, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "现在《原神》也开始和部分应用市场联运，和其他厂商不一样的是，米哈游拿了分成的大头。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 859, "txt": "现在《原神》也开始和部分应用市场联运，和其他厂商不一样的是，米哈游拿了分成的大头。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[100]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 135, "global_sentence_id": 312, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我认为《原神》这种模式是可能被复制的，我也看到《原神》之后，整个游戏行业对游戏的品质要求有了明显的提升。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 861, "txt": "我认为《原神》这种模式是可能被复制的，我也看到《原神》之后，整个游戏行业对游戏的品质要求有了明显的提升。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[101]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 136, "global_sentence_id": 313, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "《黑神话》的出现就是希望。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 862, "txt": "《黑神话》的出现就是希望。", "x": "/html/body/div/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div[2]/div/p[101]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 136, "global_sentence_id": 314, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 中国游戏市场为什么这么多“垃圾游戏”？ ## 01 一个游戏运营公司都有哪些部门 ### 运维部门，最强壮（字面意思）的部门： ### 开发（平台）部门，最有钱（平均工资）的部门： ### 销售（渠道）部门，最能喝（酒）的部门： ### 市场部门，最花钱的部门： ### 客服部门，人最多的部门： ## 02 早期游戏运营内幕 ## 03 游戏公司赚钱吗？ ## 04 “宝箱”的本质 ## 05 “潘多拉魔盒”被打开 ### 1.降低用户的获取成本 ### 2.能否快速使用户产生付费冲动？ ### 3.提升游戏品质 ## 06 “应用市场”的时代
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meaningful and focused behavior changes in LLMs on-the-fy during inference time.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.405, 0.404, 0.859, 0.415], [0.141, 0.418, 0.532, 0.429]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By analyzing the digital LLM brain of DeepSeek-R1 using a technique we dub “functional Token ResonanceImaging” (fTRI) – inspired by fMRI and using prompts designed to elicit specifc behavior (e.g., “Whathappened {time}{place}?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.141, 0.434, 0.859, 0.446], [0.141, 0.448, 0.859, 0.459], [0.141, 0.462, 0.304, 0.473]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 16, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "”) – we empirically identify distinctive experts associated with behaviors like refusalresponses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.304, 0.462, 0.859, 0.473], [0.141, 0.476, 0.207, 0.487]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Using MoTE we are able to intervene and control such specifc behavior.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.141, 0.492, 0.63, 0.503]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We switched of the top 10 most refusal-relevant experts (0.07% of R1’s 14,848 routed experts), achieving a 52% refusal reduction on sensitivereference prompts without performance degradation on MT-Bench.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": 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[{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.226, 0.547, 0.859, 0.559], [0.141, 0.561, 0.55, 0.573]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our approach shares similarities with sparse autoencoders (SAEs) in terms of explainability and steerability.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.141, 0.578, 0.859, 0.589]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Unlike SAEs, MoTE does not require large training eforts, as within MoEs with a vast number of experts, specialization already emerged naturally during pretraining.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 700000, "bbox": [[0.141, 0.591, 0.859, 0.603], [0.141, 0.605, 0.536, 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Techniques involving direct brain intervention on the model itself allow for targeted modifcations during inference potentially in real-time.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.15, 0.164, 0.882, 0.177], [0.158, 0.18, 0.446, 0.192]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The weights and activations of neurons in selected sub-areas of the neural network can be partially or completely altered, either adaptively for individual prompts or token-specifc.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.446, 0.18, 0.882, 0.192], [0.158, 0.195, 0.883, 0.207], [0.158, 0.21, 0.279, 0.222]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 42, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While this approach is currently explored in research, to our knowledge it has not yet been deployed in production environments.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1300000, "bbox": [[0.279, 0.21, 0.882, 0.222], [0.158, 0.225, 0.492, 0.237]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 43, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A class 3 methodology that has matured into a prominent research direction are Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs), where features embedded in the relatively small inner dimensions of a LLM are reconstructed in an auto-encoding manner [1, 2, 3].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.253, 0.882, 0.265], [0.118, 0.268, 0.882, 0.28], [0.118, 0.283, 0.365, 0.295]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This allows for both a high-quality interpretation of these features and targeted control over the model’s behavior by selectively activating specifc features.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.365, 0.283, 0.882, 0.295], [0.118, 0.298, 0.718, 0.31]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our new method, which we name “Mixture of Tunable Experts” (MoTE), also belongs into class 3.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.313, 0.861, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Itis based on the established “Mixture of Experts” (MoE) architecture that has been proven to be viablefor decomposing transformer models into smaller, more manageable components called experts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.861, 0.313, 0.882, 0.326], [0.118, 0.328, 0.882, 0.341], [0.118, 0.343, 0.81, 0.356]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Properly implemented MoEs can yield signifcant computational benefts with minimal to no performance degradation [4, 5].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.81, 0.343, 0.882, 0.356], [0.118, 0.358, 0.882, 0.371], [0.118, 0.373, 0.157, 0.386]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Recent models published by DeepSeek, namely V3 and R1 [6], have further advanced this concept by increasing the number of experts to 14,906 [7, 8].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.157, 0.373, 0.882, 0.386], [0.118, 0.388, 0.468, 0.401]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is massively bigger than previously typical numbers and was key impetus for this research: As the number of experts increased so much, both in terms of total count and simultaneous activity, does this enable a new level of interpretability of their activations?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.468, 0.388, 0.882, 0.401], [0.118, 0.404, 0.882, 0.416], [0.118, 0.419, 0.838, 0.431]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "If so, can this be leveraged to steer the model’s behavior?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.838, 0.419, 0.882, 0.431], [0.118, 0.434, 0.488, 0.446]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We investigate these questions by examining DeepSeek-R1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.449, 0.563, 0.461]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2Technical Approach", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1700000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.486, 0.385, 0.504]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "R1 has gained signifcant worldwide attention since its release.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.518, 0.55, 0.531]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "One of its most notable features is its advanced reasoning capability, which is a direct result of an innovative reinforcement learning training process.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.55, 0.518, 0.882, 0.531], [0.118, 0.533, 0.845, 0.546]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The open-source release of its weights under a permissive license has further boosted its popularity, making it an ideal choice for research purposes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.845, 0.533, 0.882, 0.546], [0.118, 0.548, 0.882, 0.561], [0.118, 0.563, 0.36, 0.576]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The architecture of R1 is based on the previously introduced DeepSeekMoE [7], which enhanced the MoE architecture (cf.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.578, 0.882, 0.591], [0.118, 0.593, 0.231, 0.606]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.231, 0.593, 0.311, 0.606]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Sparse MoE layers [9] optimize the Feed-Forward Networks (FFNs) within the Transformer framework [10] by cutting the FFNs into smaller, parallel subnetworks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.311, 0.593, 0.882, 0.606], [0.118, 0.609, 0.722, 0.621]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek categorizes these subnetworks as", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.722, 0.609, 0.882, 0.621], [0.118, 0.624, 0.267, 0.636]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "• shared experts, which are always on and process all tokens, intended to capture common knowledgeacross varying contexts", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2000000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.646, 0.882, 0.661], [0.158, 0.664, 0.323, 0.676]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "• and routed experts, which are only activated if they are selected by an upstream router network,intended to gain non-overlapping and focused knowledge [7].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.687, 0.882, 0.702], [0.158, 0.704, 0.589, 0.717]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.493, 0.936, 0.507, 0.948]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.23, 0.087, 0.762, 0.324]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 1: MoTE as an extension to the DeepSeekMoE architecture (Illustration taken from [8, p.7] and modifed). Shared experts are always activated. Originally, only the top-k routed experts selected by the Router’s output get activated. With MoTE, there’s an added fexibility: individual routed experts can betuned by manually overriding the Router’s output at inference time.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.112, 0.335, 0.886, 0.398]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The R1 designers massively scaled up their innovative concept, namely to one shared expert and 256 routed experts in each of its 58 MoE layers. This results in 14,848 routed experts across the entire model, and in total 14,906 routed and shared experts. During inference each router activates eight of the 256 routed experts in its layer. In comparison, Mixtral 8x22B [5], an older MoE model, has only 448 experts in total. They are organized into just eight routed experts in each of its 56 MoE layers with two of the eight selected. Mistral, Mixtral’s manufacturer, was surprised that they did not fnd evidence for its experts specializing incertain domains [11, Section 5], which in hindsight may simply be due to a too-small expert count per layer. DeepSeek’s MoE architecture was specifcally designed for increased specialization of the routed experts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.113, 0.413, 0.888, 0.534]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "DeepSeek performed an ablation study to investigate the role of diferent experts.They found that switching of shared experts massively reduces the models capabilities, which indicates that basic knowledge is attained by these shared experts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.537, 0.882, 0.549], [0.118, 0.552, 0.882, 0.564], [0.118, 0.567, 0.379, 0.579]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Switching of top routed experts in each layer also degrades model performance.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.379, 0.567, 0.882, 0.579], [0.118, 0.582, 0.21, 0.594]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "They measured signifcant negative efects when switching of 1/16 of the top routed experts, which is a very destructive act [7, p.13].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.21, 0.582, 0.882, 0.594], [0.118, 0.597, 0.402, 0.61]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These fndings motivate the assumption that switching of a few individual experts among the ∼15kexperts of R1 will harm the overall model performance only slightly if at all.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.612, 0.882, 0.625], [0.118, 0.627, 0.678, 0.64]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "At the same time, the fne granular subdivision into expert sub-networks may ofer the ability to steer the model behavior by modifying the expert routing.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.678, 0.627, 0.882, 0.64], [0.118, 0.642, 0.882, 0.655], [0.118, 0.657, 0.253, 0.67]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In order to measure and tune expert activations, we deployed R1 on an 8xH100 NVL cluster running a modifed vLLM [12] inference engine, providing us access to expert routers for all individual layers and both input and completion tokens.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.672, 0.882, 0.685], [0.118, 0.688, 0.882, 0.7], [0.118, 0.703, 0.326, 0.715]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[13]", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.703, 0.358, 0.715]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.1Analyzing Expert Activation", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.736, 0.445, 0.751]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Within the R1 MoE architecture, a single token only activates a fraction of 8 / 256 routed experts in each layer.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.761, 0.882, 0.774], [0.118, 0.776, 0.156, 0.789]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A router computes activation scores for all routed experts based on its hidden input taken from the attention block of this layer (cf.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.156, 0.776, 0.882, 0.789], [0.118, 0.791, 0.344, 0.804]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.344, 0.791, 0.421, 0.804]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Only the top-k experts having the highest activation scores will process the hidden input state.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.421, 0.791, 0.882, 0.804], [0.118, 0.806, 0.338, 0.819]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Non-selected routed experts do not contribute to the next token generation step.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.338, 0.806, 0.882, 0.819], [0.118, 0.821, 0.151, 0.834]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Each input token therefore activates a specifc pattern of routed experts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.151, 0.821, 0.679, 0.834]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This activation pattern can be visualized in 2D for each token, as shown in Figure 2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.679, 0.821, 0.882, 0.834], [0.118, 0.837, 0.522, 0.849]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.936, 0.507, 0.948]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.11, 0.087, 0.891, 0.292]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 2: Functional Token Resonance Imaging (fTRI) visualizes the expert activation of an exemplary single token. For each gated layer in the network, the corresponding row depicts which 8 of the 256 routed experts got activated.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.316, 0.885, 0.364]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In order to gain a more insightful activation pattern, we consider expert activations aggregated over all tokens of the input prompt (Figure 3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.382, 0.882, 0.395], [0.118, 0.397, 0.399, 0.41]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This condenses all expert choices of the LLM when it has parsed the input prompt and just before the frst output token gets generated, i.e.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.399, 0.397, 0.882, 0.41], [0.118, 0.412, 0.653, 0.425]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "just before it starts to generate an answer.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.653, 0.412, 0.882, 0.425], [0.118, 0.427, 0.194, 0.44]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, we use the term functional Token Resonance Imaging (fTRI).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.194, 0.427, 0.69, 0.44]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Experts resonate with the provided token pattern.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.69, 0.427, 0.882, 0.44], [0.118, 0.442, 0.286, 0.455]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.472, 0.889, 0.671]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 3: fTRI map that visualizes the expert activation pattern aggregated over all tokens in an input prompt.Each row depicts the activations of the layer experts as in Figure 2, summed over all prompt tokens. A higher signal indicates that a given expert was selected for more input tokens.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.695, 0.886, 0.744]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "If experts are specialized and responsible for specifc knowledge domains, then fTRI visualizes these domains, as those experts having relevant knowledge about the concepts contained in the prompt will have been activated more often than experts that have no conceptional overlap.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.761, 0.882, 0.774], [0.118, 0.776, 0.882, 0.789], [0.118, 0.791, 0.648, 0.804]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.2 Multidimensional Prompt Sensitivity Analysis using behavior-specifc Dataset Generation", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.824, 0.146, 0.839], [0.168, 0.824, 0.838, 0.839], [0.168, 0.842, 0.356, 0.857]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We aim to trigger and measure diferent model behaviors with regard to expert activations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.869, 0.807, 0.882]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Thus, we designed a parameterized prompt pattern whose parameter combinations elicit several distinct activation patterns.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.807, 0.869, 0.882, 0.882], [0.118, 0.885, 0.882, 0.897], [0.118, 0.9, 0.181, 0.912]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.938, 0.507, 0.947]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The prompt pattern follows the format “What happened {time}{place}?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.094, 0.673, 0.107]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "”.The {time} parameter isselected from the range 1980–2025 and may also include relative terms such as “yesterday”, “last year”, and“last month”.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.673, 0.094, 0.882, 0.107], [0.118, 0.109, 0.882, 0.122], [0.118, 0.124, 0.215, 0.137]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The possible locations for the {place} parameter include “at Berlin Wall”, “at Heathrow”,“in Manhattan”, “in Singapore”, “in Beijing”, “in Shanghai”, “in London”, “in South Africa”, “in Mexico”,“in Paris”, and “in Brussels”.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.215, 0.124, 0.882, 0.137], [0.118, 0.139, 0.882, 0.152], [0.118, 0.154, 0.332, 0.167]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The Cartesian combination of all attributes yields an analytical dataset with756 question sentences, directly usable as prompts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.332, 0.154, 0.882, 0.167], [0.118, 0.17, 0.477, 0.182]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Note that we made sure that the questions contain some (time, place)-combinations that the LLM might consider as sensitive as well as some that the LLM would probably consider as harmless.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.477, 0.17, 0.882, 0.182], [0.118, 0.185, 0.882, 0.197], [0.118, 0.2, 0.336, 0.212]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our dataset triggers three types of answers:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.215, 0.454, 0.227]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "• REFUSED:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.228, 0.241, 0.242]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " The DeepSeek model directly responds to the question with an answer of the form:“<think></think>I am sorry, I cannot answer that question.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.241, 0.228, 0.882, 0.242], [0.158, 0.245, 0.593, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "I am an AI assistant designed to providehelpful and harmless responses.” So it does not start its reasoning process but simply refuses to answer.We classify questions triggering this behavior and their corresponding activation patterns using the label 0-REFUSED", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.593, 0.245, 0.882, 0.258], [0.158, 0.26, 0.882, 0.273], [0.158, 0.275, 0.882, 0.288], [0.158, 0.29, 0.275, 0.303]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "• ALIGNED:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.313, 0.24, 0.328]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " DeepSeek does not enter its reasoning process but instead directly returns an answer ofthe form: “<think></think>In 2017, several notable events occurred at London’s Heathrow Airport,one of the busiest airports in the world.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.24, 0.313, 0.882, 0.328], [0.158, 0.331, 0.882, 0.343], [0.158, 0.346, 0.436, 0.358]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "...”.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.436, 0.346, 0.471, 0.358]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These answers are somewhat specifc to the question, butbecause there is no reasoning process involved, they constitute a generic collection of facts that seem to have been learned during the alignment process after the RL training.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.471, 0.346, 0.882, 0.358], [0.158, 0.361, 0.882, 0.373], [0.158, 0.376, 0.674, 0.388]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We thus classify them under the label 1-ALIGNED", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.674, 0.376, 0.882, 0.388], [0.158, 0.391, 0.303, 0.404]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "• REASONED:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.414, 0.256, 0.429]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " DeepSeek enters the reasoning process for which it got famous, before composing thefnal answer.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.256, 0.414, 0.882, 0.429], [0.158, 0.431, 0.249, 0.444]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In these cases, the responses start with: “<think>Okay, so I need to fgure out whathappened in 2000 at the Berlin Wall.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.249, 0.431, 0.882, 0.444], [0.158, 0.446, 0.431, 0.459]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Let me start by recalling what I know about...”.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.431, 0.446, 0.79, 0.459]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since theseresponses make use of the reasoning step R1 had explicitly been trained for, we classify them using the label 2-REASONED", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.79, 0.446, 0.882, 0.459], [0.158, 0.461, 0.882, 0.474], [0.158, 0.476, 0.283, 0.489]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The diference between “aligned” and “reasoned” answers is commonly attributed to the distinctionbetween System 1 thinking (fast, intuitive, and automatic) and System 2 thinking (slow, deliberate, and reasoning-based) ([14])", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.502, 0.882, 0.514], [0.118, 0.517, 0.882, 0.529], [0.118, 0.532, 0.28, 0.544]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For all prompts in our dataset, we record the expert activation pattern for each token in both the question prompt and the answer completion.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.547, 0.882, 0.559], [0.118, 0.562, 0.372, 0.575]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Based on these recordings, we derived an overall activation pattern for each prompt, as illustrated in Figure 3.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.372, 0.562, 0.882, 0.575], [0.118, 0.577, 0.4, 0.59]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the following, we will analyze these averaged prompt activation patterns further and relate them with their respective classifcations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.4, 0.577, 0.882, 0.59], [0.118, 0.592, 0.608, 0.605]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.3Activation Pattern Understanding / Insights", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.626, 0.598, 0.641]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To better understand how activation patterns compare across our analytical dataset, we apply t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding ([15]) to generate a two-dimensional projection of the original expert activation patterns.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.651, 0.882, 0.663], [0.118, 0.666, 0.882, 0.678], [0.118, 0.681, 0.214, 0.693]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "t-SNE represents each high-dimensional expert activation pattern as a two-dimensional point (Figure 4).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.214, 0.681, 0.882, 0.693], [0.118, 0.696, 0.194, 0.708]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This ensures that similar activation patterns are positioned close to each other, while dissimilar patterns are mapped to distant points with high probability.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.194, 0.696, 0.882, 0.708], [0.118, 0.711, 0.549, 0.724]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.936, 0.507, 0.948]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.158, 0.098, 0.835, 0.372]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 4: Mapping expert activation patterns for diferent prompts into two dimensions using t-SNE reveals distinct clusters of similar activation patterns. E.g. cluster 2 represents questions about recent events (see text for details on clusters C1 - C4).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.385, 0.886, 0.431]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Mapping expert activation patterns for diferent prompts into two dimensions using t-SNE reveals distinct clusters of similar activation patterns.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.451, 0.882, 0.464], [0.118, 0.467, 0.383, 0.479]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Specifcally, when examining 0-REFUSED patterns, we observe a clearly separated cluster of prompt activations (C1) corresponding to questions about certain places and events in China, that are not supposed to get answered by the model.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.383, 0.467, 0.882, 0.479], [0.118, 0.482, 0.882, 0.494], [0.118, 0.497, 0.551, 0.509]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Other clusters are less distinct.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.551, 0.497, 0.782, 0.509]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For instance, questions about recent events like “yesterday”, “last month”, “last year” (C2) mostly result in aligned answers,but for certain places like the Berlin Wall in Germany they get refused, too.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.782, 0.497, 0.882, 0.509], [0.118, 0.512, 0.882, 0.524], [0.118, 0.527, 0.65, 0.54]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "When asked about events in the 1980s (C3) and 1990s (C4), the model activates its reasoning process to provide an answer, except for places like Beijing or Shanghai, which get refused.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.65, 0.527, 0.882, 0.54], [0.118, 0.542, 0.882, 0.555], [0.118, 0.557, 0.422, 0.57]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This motivates the hypothesis that tuning the right experts may change the model behavior such that refused answers from these clusters switch to aligned answers.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.422, 0.557, 0.882, 0.57], [0.118, 0.572, 0.827, 0.585]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.4Identifcation of Distinctive Experts", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.606, 0.514, 0.621]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Using the parameterized prompt pattern above we can now systematically trigger three diferent response types 0-REFUSED, 1-ALIGNED, and 2-REASONED and study the activation patterns that contribute most specifically to each type of model behavior.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.631, 0.882, 0.643], [0.118, 0.646, 0.882, 0.658], [0.118, 0.661, 0.386, 0.673]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We hypothesize that the experts with a high activation to 0-REFUSED answers and a low activation otherwise can specifcally be associated with prompts where the LLM provides an answer of type 0-REFUSED.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.676, 0.882, 0.689], [0.118, 0.691, 0.882, 0.704]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By actively suppressing these expert activations during inference, we expect to be able to infuence the model’sbehavior such that fewer answers get refused.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.706, 0.882, 0.719], [0.118, 0.721, 0.441, 0.734]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To achieve this goal, we process our analytical dataset as follows:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.736, 0.607, 0.749]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.138, 0.764, 0.15, 0.776]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Prompt Activation Map: For each prompt, we sum up the activations of each routed expert in all layers for all tokens of the input prompt (see Figure 3 for an example).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.15, 0.764, 0.882, 0.776], [0.158, 0.779, 0.619, 0.792]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.138, 0.804, 0.15, 0.817]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Map Classifcation: The maps get classifed into one of the three predefned response classes {0-REFUSED, 1-ALIGNED, 2-REASONED}, depending on the model response to the underlying input prompt.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.15, 0.804, 0.887, 0.817], [0.158, 0.819, 0.821, 0.832]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.138, 0.844, 0.15, 0.857]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Average Activation Map: Within each category, we average the activation maps.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.15, 0.844, 0.732, 0.857]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4. fTRI:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.138, 0.869, 0.198, 0.882]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Finally, functional Token Resonance Imaging helps us to identify the experts that most distinctively contribute to each class.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.198, 0.869, 0.882, 0.882], [0.158, 0.885, 0.38, 0.897]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As a measure of resonance we take the averaged activations for the desired class and subtract the averaged activations of all other classes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.38, 0.885, 0.882, 0.897], [0.158, 0.9, 0.66, 0.912]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.937, 0.507, 0.948]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In practice, to identify those experts that are most likely responsible for answer refusal, we consider the fTRI map for the class 0-REFUSED (Figure 5).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.094, 0.882, 0.107], [0.118, 0.109, 0.453, 0.122]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Experts with high resonance values in this map represent potential candidates that may contribute signifcantly to answer refusal.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.453, 0.109, 0.882, 0.122], [0.118, 0.124, 0.635, 0.137]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The fTRI map shows that only a few routed experts stand out.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.635, 0.124, 0.882, 0.137], [0.118, 0.139, 0.329, 0.152]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The top 5 - 7 experts can directly be identifed by just looking at Figure 5., where the most distinctive expert for refusal identifes as (expert-id, layer-id) = (176, 48).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.329, 0.139, 0.882, 0.152], [0.118, 0.154, 0.783, 0.167]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Most of our experiments were done by tuning the top 10 resonant experts among the ∼15k routed experts in total, tokeep side efects of the manipulation low.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.783, 0.154, 0.882, 0.167], [0.118, 0.17, 0.882, 0.182], [0.118, 0.185, 0.411, 0.197]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.11, 0.215, 0.893, 0.417]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 5: fTRI map of diferential activations for refused prompts. Highly distinctive experts (highlighted with red circles, e.g. routed expert with expert-id 176, layer-id 48) are chosen as candidates for tuning, their exact coordinates are listed in appendix A.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.453, 0.888, 0.501]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "3Results", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.527, 0.242, 0.545]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "3.1Suppressing Distinctive Experts", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.559, 0.476, 0.574]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "With the distinctive experts for refusal of answers at hand, we performed an ablation study to test if these experts are crucial for the LLM behavior to refuse certain answers.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.584, 0.882, 0.597], [0.118, 0.599, 0.586, 0.612]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We suppressed these experts by adapting the expert router functions: if one of the identifed experts is selected among the top-k ids, meaning chosen by the MoE router (cf.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.586, 0.599, 0.882, 0.612], [0.118, 0.614, 0.882, 0.627], [0.118, 0.63, 0.282, 0.642]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 1), we set its corresponding weight to zero and renormalize the other top-k weights.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.282, 0.63, 0.882, 0.642], [0.118, 0.645, 0.175, 0.657]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This approach guarantees that the identifed experts have no impact on the output, and that no alternative experts are selected instead.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.175, 0.645, 0.882, 0.657], [0.118, 0.66, 0.398, 0.672]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Using the modifed MoE, we 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"language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7900000, "bbox": [[0.805, 0.687, 0.882, 0.699], [0.118, 0.702, 0.736, 0.714]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Notably, previously non-refused answers all remain non-refused.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7900000, "bbox": [[0.736, 0.702, 0.882, 0.714], [0.118, 0.717, 0.429, 0.73]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8000000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.938, 0.507, 0.947]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8000000, "bbox": [[0.111, 0.085, 0.87, 0.374]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "New Classification", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.431, 0.362, 0.533, 0.375]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 8: Left: Change in model behavior with suppressed experts for the parameterized dataset. The top row shows that the tuned model provides a non-refused answer for almost 40% of those prompts that get refused by R1. The second row shows that no additional prompts get refused, i.e. for this dataset there is no unwanted efect in the opposite direction. Right: Control results with randomly selected experts. More than 90% of the previously refused answers remain refused.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.39, 0.886, 0.469]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "As a demonstration that the weakening of alignment is specifc to the set of suppressed experts, we run a control experiment and deactivate a random set of 10 routed experts (Figure 8).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.487, 0.882, 0.499], [0.118, 0.502, 0.725, 0.514]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Suppressing random experts does afect some of the answers too, and changes about 9% of the previously refused answers.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.725, 0.502, 0.882, 0.514], [0.118, 0.517, 0.828, 0.529]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is much smaller than the 40% efect we measured for deactivating distinctive experts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.828, 0.517, 0.882, 0.529], [0.118, 0.532, 0.707, 0.544]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 206, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "About 1% of previously non-refused answers change in the opposite direction and get refused, indicating that refusal is easier to break than to enforce.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.707, 0.532, 0.882, 0.544], [0.118, 0.547, 0.882, 0.559], [0.118, 0.562, 0.275, 0.575]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 207, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2Validating Distinctive Expert Suppression with a Larger Dataset", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8400000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.595, 0.793, 0.61]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Notably, although we identifed the set of distinctive experts using prompts constructed from a fxed question template, suppressing these experts reduces refusal likelihood across a broader range of prompts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8500000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.62, 0.882, 0.633], [0.118, 0.636, 0.803, 0.648]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 209, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, within a set of 1,360 prompts on sensitive topics ([16, 17]) we observe that 52% of previously refused prompts fip in the desired direction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8500000, "bbox": [[0.803, 0.636, 0.882, 0.648], [0.118, 0.651, 0.882, 0.663], [0.118, 0.666, 0.387, 0.678]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 210, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In contrast, the LLM changes its answer to refusal for only about 1.3% of the prompts that did not get refused before.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8500000, "bbox": [[0.387, 0.666, 0.882, 0.678], [0.118, 0.681, 0.496, 0.693]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 211, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This validates that the experts identifed using fTRI correspond to the general concept of answer refusal and are not merely specifc to the prompt format used in our dataset to trigger the behavior in fTRI.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8500000, "bbox": [[0.496, 0.681, 0.882, 0.693], [0.118, 0.696, 0.882, 0.708], [0.118, 0.711, 0.448, 0.724]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 212, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.937, 0.507, 0.948]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 213, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.296, 0.084, 0.704, 0.316]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 214, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 9: Expert suppression results, as shown in Figure 8, but applied for the sensitive topics dataset.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.128, 0.33, 0.865, 0.347]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 215, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "3.3Stimulating Distinctive Experts", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.368, 0.473, 0.383]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 216, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Instead of suppressing specifc experts by zeroing their respective weights in the router functions, we can also stimulate their activation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.393, 0.882, 0.406], [0.118, 0.408, 0.335, 0.421]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 217, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this case, the modifcation to the router function is more complex, as for many tokens the alignment-specifc experts are not already among the top-k selected experts of their layer.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.335, 0.408, 0.882, 0.421], [0.118, 0.423, 0.881, 0.436]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 218, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, we implemented the following approach:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.438, 0.516, 0.451]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 219, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " In all layers we added the stimulated experts to the top-k selected experts, irrespective of their weight.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.516, 0.438, 0.882, 0.451], [0.118, 0.453, 0.518, 0.466]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 220, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In order to keep the number of selected experts constant, we removed the lowest of the top-k selected experts with respect to their weights, if necessary.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.518, 0.453, 0.882, 0.466], [0.118, 0.469, 0.882, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Then, we set the weight of the stimulated expert to the maximum value of all weights and renormalize.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.484, 0.882, 0.496]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This approach guarantees that the stimulated experts always contribute to the overall model response while keeping undesired side-efects from deactivating other top-k selected experts at a minimum.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.499, 0.882, 0.511], [0.118, 0.514, 0.771, 0.526]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.311, 0.54, 0.689, 0.73]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "0 - REFUSED 1 - ALIGNED2 - REASONED New Classification", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.368, 0.739, 0.609, 0.763]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 225, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 10: Result in analogy to Figure 8, however stimulating instead of suppressing the distinctive experts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9300000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.777, 0.885, 0.798]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 226, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "To test the efect, we stimulated the alignment-specifc experts and looked at the transitions between the three classes 0-REFUSED, 1-ALIGNED and 2-REASONED.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9400000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.815, 0.882, 0.827], [0.118, 0.83, 0.534, 0.842]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We found that the fraction of refused responses increased to about 10% for previously aligned responses, while the unwanted efect in the opposite direction is only 3%.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9400000, "bbox": [[0.534, 0.83, 0.882, 0.842], [0.118, 0.845, 0.882, 0.858], [0.118, 0.86, 0.195, 0.873]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Previously reasoned answers got reduced by 17%, most of them changed to 1-ALIGNED and 3.6% changed into the 0-REFUSED class as desired (Figure 10).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9400000, "bbox": [[0.195, 0.86, 0.882, 0.873], [0.118, 0.875, 0.522, 0.888]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Overall, stimulating the alignment-specifc experts had a less pronounced efect compared to suppression,", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9500000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.89, 0.882, 0.903]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 230, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9600000, "bbox": [[0.492, 0.938, 0.509, 0.947]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "but the efect was still systematic.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9600000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.094, 0.364, 0.107]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 232, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In particular, changing the direction of expert tuning also inverted the trend in which the answers changed, as expected.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9600000, "bbox": [[0.364, 0.094, 0.882, 0.107], [0.118, 0.109, 0.469, 0.122]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 233, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.4Application to other areas of LLM behavior:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9700000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.142, 0.614, 0.158]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 234, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Changing R1’s ReasoningLanguage", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9700000, "bbox": [[0.614, 0.142, 0.883, 0.158], [0.168, 0.16, 0.259, 0.175]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 235, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Having shown that expert tuning does modify the LLM behavior in regard to its alignment, we wondered if it is just a special case.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9800000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.185, 0.882, 0.198], [0.118, 0.2, 0.3, 0.213]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 236, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It could be argued that R1’s refusal to answer might not be an innate property,because alignment against harmful responses of R1 - and actually most LLMs - is performed in fnal stages of the training process [6].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9800000, "bbox": [[0.3, 0.2, 0.882, 0.213], [0.118, 0.215, 0.882, 0.228], [0.118, 0.23, 0.302, 0.243]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 237, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, we wanted to test if the MoTE method generalizes to other behaviors.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9800000, "bbox": [[0.302, 0.23, 0.882, 0.243]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 238, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our test candidate was the language that R1 uses for reasoning.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.246, 0.602, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The rationale for this choice is a) that R1’s thinking process, which emerged during a reinforcement learning phase [6], is an intrinsic, characteristicbehavior and b) that another version of the model, DeepSeek-Zero, showed reasoning language mixing and thus poor readability during its reasoning steps.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.602, 0.246, 0.882, 0.258], [0.118, 0.261, 0.882, 0.273], [0.118, 0.276, 0.882, 0.288], [0.118, 0.291, 0.454, 0.303]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 240, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The latter indicates that the high consistency of R1 in using either English or Chinese as its reasoning language has been deeply trained into the model.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.454, 0.291, 0.882, 0.303], [0.118, 0.306, 0.75, 0.319]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 241, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Successfully using MoTE to tune aspects of this fundamental behavior would be a strong indication for a broader applicability of the method.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.75, 0.306, 0.882, 0.319], [0.118, 0.321, 0.883, 0.334], [0.118, 0.336, 0.223, 0.349]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 242, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To test this hypothesis, we created a new dataset of 600 prompts that trigger R1 to reason either in Chinese (200) or in English (400).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.351, 0.882, 0.364], [0.118, 0.366, 0.362, 0.379]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 243, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "With fTRI, we were able to identify the most distinctive experts active when the model chooses to reason in English.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.362, 0.366, 0.882, 0.379], [0.118, 0.381, 0.446, 0.394]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 244, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The corresponding fTRI scan is shown in (Figure 11).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.446, 0.381, 0.845, 0.394]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 245, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The most distinctive expert is (expert-id, layer-id) = (143, 4), which is close to the input embedding layer and colored in yellow.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.845, 0.381, 0.882, 0.394], [0.118, 0.397, 0.882, 0.409], [0.118, 0.412, 0.241, 0.424]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 246, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.111, 0.444, 0.891, 0.647]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 247, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 11: fTRI map of diferential activations for reasoning in English and Chinese, respectively. The most distinctive experts are highlighted with red circles, their exact coordinates are listed in appendix A.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.672, 0.889, 0.705]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 248, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "After tuning down the top 10 distinctive experts for choosing the reasoning language English, we reprocessed the dataset and indeed, the model changed its behavior to reason in Chinese more often (see Figure 12).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.723, 0.882, 0.736], [0.118, 0.738, 0.882, 0.751], [0.118, 0.753, 0.197, 0.766]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 249, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For 10.75% of the prompts within our dataset, R1 changed its behavior from reasoning in English to reasoning in Chinese.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.197, 0.753, 0.882, 0.766], [0.118, 0.768, 0.33, 0.781]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 250, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The efect is smaller compared to the reduction in answer-refusal measured above, which indicates that more elaborate ways of tuning experts may be required to get a bigger efect.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.33, 0.768, 0.882, 0.781], [0.118, 0.783, 0.882, 0.796]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 251, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Still, it does indicate a broader applicability of the fTRI / MoTE method.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.799, 0.647, 0.811]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 252, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.491, 0.937, 0.507, 0.948]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 253, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.256, 0.09, 0.398, 0.104]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 254, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.572, 0.09, 0.714, 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{"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.422, 0.888, 0.468]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 258, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In that case,we did not observe any switching of language apart from one accidental flip from English to Chinese, i.e.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.422, 0.888, 0.468]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 259, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "0.25%.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.422, 0.888, 0.468]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 260, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The prompts used to trigger the model to use different languages for thinking tak the_template_format:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.471, 0.888, 0.576]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 261, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " “What is {number_a}plus {number.b}equal to?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.471, 0.888, 0.576]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 262, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "” with the optional extension“Please make sure to answerin {!anyuage}.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.471, 0.888, 0.576]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 263, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "\", where language is set to either English or Chinese.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.471, 0.888, 0.576]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 264, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We duplicate these prompt templates by asking the same questions in Chinese.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.471, 0.888, 0.576]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 265, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To boost the dataset size, we varied the prompt template to all combinations of two numbers from 1 to 10.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.471, 0.888, 0.576]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 266, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Here is an example that illustrates the resulting prompts and the effect on the model behavior.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.471, 0.888, 0.576]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 267, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this case we successfully tuned the model to switch the reasoning language from Englishto Chinese.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.471, 0.888, 0.576]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 268, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "OldBehavior", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.232, 0.596, 0.325, 0.61]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 269, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Q:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.249, 0.617, 0.266, 0.634]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 270, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 10加5等于多少？", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.266, 0.617, 0.398, 0.633]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 271, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "请确保用英语回答。", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.398, 0.617, 0.553, 0.633]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 272, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "A:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.247, 0.635, 0.7, 0.664]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 273, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " <think> Okay, the user is asking \"10加5等于多少？", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.247, 0.635, 0.7, 0.664]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 274, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "\"which translates to \"What is 10 plus 5?", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.247, 0.635, 0.7, 0.664]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 275, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "\" [...]", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.247, 0.635, 0.7, 0.664]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 276, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "NewBehavior", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.233, 0.687, 0.332, 0.701]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 277, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Q:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.249, 0.708, 0.266, 0.725]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 278, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 10加5等于多少？", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.266, 0.708, 0.398, 0.724]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 279, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "请确保用英语回答", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.398, 0.708, 0.537, 0.724]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 280, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "A：", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.248, 0.724, 0.702, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 281, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<think>嗯，用户问的是10加5等于多少，而且要求用英语回", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.248, 0.724, 0.702, 0.739]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 282, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "答。", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10900000, "bbox": [[0.281, 0.739, 0.626, 0.755]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 283, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "首先，我需要确认问题本身是否正确[", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10900000, "bbox": [[0.281, 0.739, 0.626, 0.755]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 284, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 13:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11000000, "bbox": [[0.216, 0.787, 0.781, 0.804]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 285, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Exemplary shift of the reasoning language from English toChinese.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11000000, "bbox": [[0.216, 0.787, 0.781, 0.804]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 286, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.491, 0.937, 0.51, 0.948]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 287, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "3.5Impact on General Model Quality", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11200000, "bbox": [[0.113, 0.089, 0.498, 0.108]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 288, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11300000, "bbox": [[0.194, 0.124, 0.787, 0.443]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 289, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 14: Benchmark comparison between the original DeepSeek-R1 model and our MoTE variant, after suppressing distinctive experts. The performance has been evaluated for the MT-Bench dataset [18], numerical scores are listed in appendix B.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11400000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.455, 0.889, 0.502]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 290, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "To gain a preliminary understanding of how MoTE infuences the overall quality of the model, we compared benchmark results with and without deactivating alignment specifc experts (Figure 14).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11500000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.521, 0.882, 0.534], [0.118, 0.536, 0.754, 0.549]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 291, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We utilized MTBench, a widely recognized benchmark for assessing LLM performance in multi-turn dialogues.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11500000, "bbox": [[0.754, 0.536, 0.882, 0.549], [0.118, 0.551, 0.798, 0.564]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 292, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "MT-Bench comprises 80 high-quality, multi-turn questions designed to evaluate conversational and instruction-following abilities across various categories, including writing, roleplay, extraction, reasoning, mathematics, coding, and knowledge in both STEM and humanities disciplines [18].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11500000, "bbox": [[0.798, 0.551, 0.882, 0.564], [0.118, 0.566, 0.882, 0.579], [0.118, 0.581, 0.882, 0.594], [0.118, 0.596, 0.56, 0.609]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 293, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We found that deactivating experts that are distinctive for refusal of sensitive or harmful questions does not degrade the benchmark results.Rather, we got indications of increased model performance, which surprised us somewhat.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11600000, "bbox": [[0.142, 0.612, 0.882, 0.624], [0.118, 0.627, 0.882, 0.639], [0.118, 0.642, 0.286, 0.654]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 294, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Drawing strong conclusions seems a bit too early for us, as the efect should be verifed across a larger set of benchmarks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11600000, "bbox": [[0.286, 0.642, 0.882, 0.654], [0.118, 0.657, 0.416, 0.669]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 295, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "4Conclusion", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11700000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.694, 0.283, 0.712]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 296, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "The experimental results support our hypothesis that certain traits — such as the alignment behavior — ofMoE models with many experts such as R1 are at least partially encoded within small subsets of experts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.726, 0.882, 0.739], [0.118, 0.741, 0.882, 0.754]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 297, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We introduced a simple yet efective analytical approach, fTRI, to identify such expert subsets by targeting them with parameterized prompt patterns whose parameter combinations elicit several distinct activation patterns.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.756, 0.882, 0.769], [0.118, 0.771, 0.882, 0.784], [0.118, 0.786, 0.181, 0.799]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 298, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By altering expert selections — and thereby actively modifying routing mechanisms in the LLM— we can suppress or stimulate specifc expert groups, leading to corresponding changes in model behavior.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.181, 0.786, 0.882, 0.799], [0.118, 0.801, 0.882, 0.814]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 299, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11900000, "bbox": [[0.491, 0.936, 0.51, 0.948]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 300, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Acknowledgements", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.087, 0.34, 0.108]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 301, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "谢谢, vielen Dank, and thanks to DeepSeek for their innovative spirit and for making the excellent V3 andR1 models available. Without these models, this research would not have been possible yet. Also thanks to the OpenSource community, particularly the teams around vLLM and HuggingFace, and all other OSS contributors. Thanks to Lennard-Schiefelbein, TNG, for the speedy support in performing the benchmark runs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12100000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.12, 0.882, 0.134]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 302, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12200000, "bbox": [[0.49, 0.936, 0.51, 0.949]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 303, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "References", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12300000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.09, 0.241, 0.108]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "reference", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 304, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[1]Leo Gao et al.", "language": 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"footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12500000, "bbox": [[0.491, 0.937, 0.509, 0.948]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 379, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Appendix", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12600000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.09, 0.23, 0.108]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 380, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "AExact list of top-10 distinctive experts", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12700000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.125, 0.608, 0.143]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 381, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "We use the tuple notation (layer-id, expert-id) to specify each expert unambiguously.", 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[[0.116, 0.32, 0.487, 0.333]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "code", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 387, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "[ ( 1 2 ,246) ,(4 ,143) ,(43 ,24) ,(25 ,72) ,(16 ,172) ,(36 ,182) ,(26 ,11) ,(31 , 10) ,(20 ,148) ,(37 ,20) ]", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13300000, "bbox": [[0.12, 0.335, 0.878, 0.348], [0.162, 0.35, 0.402, 0.363]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 388, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "BBenchmark Raw Data", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13400000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.395, 0.418, 0.414]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 389, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13500000, "bbox": [[0.119, 0.436, 0.882, 0.493]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 390, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Table 1: Performance scores across diferent categories.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13600000, "bbox": [[0.302, 0.505, 0.7, 0.522]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 391, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13700000, "bbox": [[0.491, 0.936, 0.51, 0.949]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 392, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "PDF"}	# Mixture of Tunable Experts - Behavior Modification of DeepSeek-R1 at Inference Time ## Abstract ## 1Introduction ## 2Technical Approach ### 2.1Analyzing Expert Activation ### 2.2 Multidimensional Prompt Sensitivity Analysis using behavior-specifc Dataset Generation ### 2.3Activation Pattern Understanding / Insights ### 2.4Identifcation of Distinctive Experts ## 3Results ### 3.1Suppressing Distinctive Experts ### 3.2Validating Distinctive Expert Suppression with a Larger Dataset ### 3.3Stimulating Distinctive Experts ### 3.4Application to other areas of LLM behavior:Changing R1’s ReasoningLanguage ### 3.5Impact on General Model Quality ## 4Conclusion ## Appendix ### AExact list of top-10 distinctive experts #### Distinctive experts for refused prompts #### Distinctive experts for reasoning in English ### BBenchmark Raw Data
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"edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "I, Wenbin He, certify that (i) the views expressed in this research report accurately reflect my personal views about anyor all of the subject companies or issuers referred to in this research and (ii)no part of my compensation was, is or will be directly or indirectly related to the specific recommendations or vie ws expressed in this research report;", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.213, 0.97, 0.393]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " and that I linduding members of my household) no financial interest in the security or securities of the subject companies disc and my household, whom I have already notified of this, will not deal in or trade any securities in respect of the issuer that I review within 3 business days after the research report is published. 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I and whom I have already notified of this, will not deal in or trade any securities in of the issuer that I review within 3 business days after the research report is published.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.213, 0.97, 0.393]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "利益冲突披露Conflict of Interest Disclosures", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.411, 0.25, 0.424]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "海通国际及其某些关联公司可从事投资银行业务和/或对本研究中的特定股票或公司进行做市或持有自营头寸。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.03, 0.431, 0.594, 0.442]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "就本研究报告而言，以下是有关该等关系的披露事项（以下披露不能保证及时无遗漏，如需了解及时全面信息，请发邮件至[email protected]）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.594, 0.431, 0.964, 0.442], [0.03, 0.446, 0.441, 0.457]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "HTI and some of ts afflates may ergage in hvstment baning and as as amainarket or trading positions of certain stocks or companies in this research report.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.025, 0.461, 0.969, 0.503]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "As far as this research report is concerned, the following are the disclosure matterelat relationship (As the following disdosure does not ensure timeiness and completens send an email to [email protected] if timely and comprehensive information is needed).", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.025, 0.461, 0.969, 0.503]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "NoDisclosure", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.028, 0.519, 0.092, 0.531]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "评级定义（从2020 年7 月1 日开始执行）：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.03, 0.549, 0.265, 0.561]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "海通国际（以下简称“HTI” ）采用相对评级系统来为投资者推荐我们覆盖的公司：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.03, 0.565, 0.429, 0.577], [0.03, 0.58, 0.05, 0.592]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "优于大市、中性或弱于大市。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.05, 0.58, 0.198, 0.592]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "投资者应仔细阅读HTI 的评级定义。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.198, 0.58, 0.384, 0.592]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "并且HT I发布分析师观点的完整信息，投资者应仔细阅读全文而非仅看评级。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.384, 0.58, 0.431, 0.593], [0.03, 0.595, 0.378, 0.607]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "在任何情况下，分析师的评级和研究都不能作为投资建议。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.378, 0.595, 0.428, 0.607], [0.03, 0.611, 0.282, 0.622]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "投资者的买卖股票的决策应基于各自情况（比如投资者的现有持仓）以及其他因素。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.282, 0.611, 0.428, 0.622], [0.03, 0.627, 0.315, 0.638]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "分析师股票评级", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.03, 0.642, 0.116, 0.653]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "优于大市，未来12-18 个月内预期相对基准指数涨幅在10%以上，基准定义如下", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.03, 0.657, 0.429, 0.669], [0.03, 0.673, 0.04, 0.685]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "中性，未来12-18 个月内预期相对基准指数变化不大，基准定义如下。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.03, 0.688, 0.402, 0.7]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "根据FINRA/NYS E 的评级分布规则，我们会将中性评级划入持有这一类别。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.402, 0.688, 0.429, 0.7], [0.03, 0.705, 0.376, 0.715]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "弱于大市，未来12-18 个月内预期相对基准指数跌幅在10%以上，基准定义如下", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.03, 0.719, 0.429, 0.73], [0.03, 0.735, 0.04, 0.746]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "各地股票基准指数：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.03, 0.75, 0.128, 0.761]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "日本 – TOPIX, 韩国 – KOSPI, 台湾 – TAIEX, 印度 – Nifty100, 美国 – SP500;", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.128, 0.75, 0.43, 0.761], [0.03, 0.765, 0.081, 0.778]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 其他所有中国概念股 – MSCI China.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.081, 0.765, 0.257, 0.778]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Ratings Definitions (from 1 Jul 2020):", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.781, 0.235, 0.794]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Haitong International uses a relative rating system using Outperform , Neutral， or Underperform for recommending the stocks we cover toinvestors.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.795, 0.436, 0.896]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Investors should carefully read the definitions of all ratings used in Haitong International Research.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.795, 0.436, 0.896]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In addition, since Haitong Internationa l Research contains more complete information concerning the analyst's views, investors should carefully read Haitong International Research,in_its entirety, and not infer the contents from the rating alone.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.795, 0.436, 0.896]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In any case,", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.795, 0.436, 0.896]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "评级分布Rating Distribution", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.435, 0.549, 0.575, 0.562]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.434, 0.564, 0.969, 0.896]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.877, 0.92, 0.953, 0.94]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.456, 0.923, 0.467, 0.933]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "截至2024 年9 月30 日海通国际股票研究评级分布", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.342, 0.301, 0.355]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "海通国际股票研究覆盖率91.8% 7.8% 0.4% 投资银行客户3.5% 4.4% 0.0%", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.392, 0.532, 0.421]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.025, 0.044, 0.965, 0.899]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(hold) HTIEquityResearchCoverage 91.8% 7.8% 0.4% IB clients 3.5% 4.4% 0.0%", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.586, 0.531, 0.632]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.877, 0.919, 0.954, 0.941]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.457, 0.923, 0.468, 0.933]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.026, 0.878, 0.969, 0.892]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": -1, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Securities (HS;", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.029, 0.066, 0.97, 0.094]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 600837 CH), the uhimate parent company of HTISG based in Shangha publishes research on these same AShares for distribution mairland China.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.029, 0.066, 0.97, 0.094]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "However system employed by HS differs from that used by HTI and as a result there may be a difference in the HTI and HS ratings for t he same A-share stocks.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.029, 0.066, 0.97, 0.094]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "海通国际优质100 A 股（Q100）指数：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.03, 0.096, 0.236, 0.108]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "海通国际Q100 指数是一个包括100 支由海通证券覆盖的优质中国A 股的计量产品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.236, 0.096, 0.657, 0.108]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "这些股票是通过基于质量的筛选过程，并结合对海通证券 A股团队自下而上的研究。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.657, 0.096, 0.966, 0.109], [0.03, 0.111, 0.152, 0.123]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "海通国际每季对Q100 指数成分作出复审。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.152, 0.111, 0.37, 0.123]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Haitong International Quality 100 A-share (Q100) Index HTI's Q100 Index is a qua that consists of 100 of the highest-quality Ashares under coverage at HS in Shan stocks are carefully selected through a quality-based screening process in combination with the HS A-share team's bottom-up research.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.025, 0.128, 0.97, 0.158]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The Q100 constituent companies are revi quarterly.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.025, 0.128, 0.97, 0.158]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "盟浪义利（FIN-ESG）数据通免责声明条款：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.03, 0.2, 0.261, 0.212]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "在使用盟浪义利（FIN-ES G）数据之前，请务必仔细阅读本条款并同意本声明：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.261, 0.2, 0.652, 0.212]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "第一条义利（FIN-ES G）数据系由盟浪可持续数字科技有限责任公司（以下简称“本公司”）基于合法取得的公开信息评估而成，本公司对信息的准确性及完整性不作任何保证。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.03, 0.219, 0.921, 0.231]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "对公司的评估结果仅供参考，并不构成对任何个人或机构投资建议，也不能作为任何个人或机构购买、出售或持有相关金融产品的依据。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.921, 0.219, 0.96, 0.231], [0.03, 0.234, 0.695, 0.246]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "本公司不对任何个人或机构投资者因使用本数据表述的评估结果造成的任何直接或间接损失负责。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.695, 0.234, 0.959, 0.246], [0.03, 0.25, 0.269, 0.262]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "第二条盟浪并不因收到此评估数据而将收件人视为客户，收件人使用此数据时应根据自身实际情况作出自我独立判断。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.03, 0.269, 0.637, 0.281]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "本数据所载内容反映的是盟浪在最初发布本数据日期当日的判断，盟浪有权在不发出通知的情况下更新、修订与发出其他与本数据所载内容不一致或有不同结论的数据。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.637, 0.269, 0.96, 0.281], [0.03, 0.284, 0.578, 0.296]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "除非另行说明，本数据（如财务业绩数据等）仅代表过往表现，过往的业绩表现不作为日后回报的预测。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.578, 0.284, 0.96, 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"edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " Please read theserms and conditions bel and confrim your agreement and acceptance with these terms before using SusallWa ESG_Data Service.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.025, 0.402, 0.965, 0.432]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "1.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.435, 0.965, 0.478]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 175, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "FIN-ESG Data is produced by SusalWave Dighal Technology Co, Ltd. (In short, S assessment based on legal publidy a cessible information.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.435, 0.965, 0.478]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 176, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "SusalWave shall not be for any accuracy and completeness of the information.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.435, 0.965, 0.478]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 177, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The assment result isfor re It is not for any imestment advice for any indiviual or institution and not basis selling or holding any relative financial products.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": 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inconsistent contents or diferent condusions without notifcation.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.026, 0.482, 0.967, 0.54]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Unless expressly stated, the data g.g.n nce data) represents past performance orly and the past performance cannot be vie prediction of future return.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.026, 0.482, 0.967, 0.54]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "3.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.025, 0.544, 0.969, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The copyight of this data belongs to SusalWave, and we resene all in accordanc Without the prior written permission of our company, none of individual or instit can use these data for any profitable purpose.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.025, 0.544, 0.969, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Besides, none of individual or institution can take actions such as amendment， replication， translation,compilation, re-editing, adaption, deletion,abbreviation, excerpts, issuance, rent, exhition, performance, projection, broat network transmission, shooting, adding icons and instructions.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.025, 0.544, 0.969, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "If any loss Susall third-party is caused by those actions, users shall bear the corresponding compe SusallWave shall not be responsi ble for any loss.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.025, 0.544, 0.969, 0.6]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "4.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.023, 0.605, 0.971, 0.65]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "If any term is not contained in this disdainer but writen in other agreements (e.g.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 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或任何其他属于海通国际证券集团有限公司（“HTIS G”）的成员对其准确性、完整性和正确性不做任何明示或暗示的声明或保证。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.03, 0.81, 0.964, 0.822], [0.03, 0.825, 0.094, 0.837]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "本文件中所有观点均截至本报告日期，如有更改，恕不另行通知。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.094, 0.825, 0.435, 0.837]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "本文件仅供参考使用。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.435, 0.825, 0.553, 0.837]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 0, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": 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awholly owned subsidiary of Haitong Intemational Secu Limited \|\"HTISGL\"] and a licensed corporation to carry on Type regulated acthity securities) for the purpose ofthe Secunties and Futures Ordinance (Cap.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.216, 0.97, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 226, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "571) of assistance of Haitong International (Japan) K.K.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.216, 0.97, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "(\"HTUKK”), a wholly owned subsidiary of HTIS GL and which is regulated as an Investment Adviser by the Kanto Finance Bureau of Japan.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.216, 0.97, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "For research reports on Indian securits:", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.261, 0.971, 0.319]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " The researth report is ssued by Haitong Private limited (\"HSIPL\"), an Indian company and aSecuries and Exhange Board of registered Stock Broker, Merchant Banker and Research Analys that, inter alia, pr distributes research reports covering listed enties on the BSE Limited (\"BSE\") th Stock Exchange of India Limited (\"NSE\") (colectively referred to as \"Indian Exchanges\"was acquired and became part of the Haitong International Securities Group of Com(“HTISG”) on_22December 2016.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.261, 0.971, 0.319]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 230, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "All the research reports are globally branded under the name Haitong Internationa and approved for distribution by Haitong International Securities Compainy Limited (“HTISCL”) and/or any othermembers within HTISG in their respective jurisdictions.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.029, 0.322, 0.961, 0.349]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The information and opinions contained in this research report have been complier at from sources believed to be reliable and in good faith but no reprentation or express or implied, is made by HTIRL， HTISCL， HSIPL， HTUKK or any other members within HTISG from which this research report may be received， as to their accuracy,completeness or correctness.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.025, 0.353, 0.971, 0.498]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 232, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "All opinionsexpressed herein are as of the date of this research report and are subject to ch notice.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.025, 0.353, 0.971, 0.498]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 233, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "This research report is for information purpose only.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 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"EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The analyst has not taken i your unique financial circumstances, such as your financiasituation and risk app must, therefore, analyze and should, where applicable, consult your own legal, ac financial and other professional advisers to evaluate whether the recommendations suits you before investment.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.025, 0.353, 0.971, 0.498]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Neither HTISG nor any of its directors, employees or age nts accepts any liability whatsoe ver for any direct or consequential loss ansing from any use of the materialsontain t report.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.025, 0.353, 0.971, 0.498]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 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trading dedsions, ideas or recommen are brought to the attention of any recipient of this research report.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.027, 0.502, 0.971, 0.571]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 242, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Please refer to HT's website www.equities.htisecom for further infomation on HTIa and administrative arrangements set up for the prevention avoidance of conflicts with respect to Research.", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.026, 0.577, 0.967, 0.604]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 243, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Non U.S. Analyst Disclosure：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 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风险提示：创新药研发进展风险、医保基金支出增速下降风险、生物医药行业投融资下滑风险、医疗消费支出复苏不达预期风险。
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"position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 942, "txt": "无论是市场上的新进入者、客户行为的变化，还是尖端技术，您如何在被不断变化的大潮冲击，但又不会牢牢地固定在原地之间取得平衡？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[20]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 72, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Linktree CPO Jiaona Zhang 在制定年度计划时，强调了定期回顾和调整的重要性。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 944, "txt": "Linktree CPO Jiaona Zhang 在制定年度计划时，强调了定期回顾和调整的重要性。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[21]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 73, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“无论你公司规模多大，都要为回顾和提醒留出固定时间和节奏。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 946, "txt": "“无论你公司规模多大，都要为回顾和提醒留出固定时间和节奏。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/blockquote[4]/p/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 74, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "她建议每周使用一个简单的记分卡进行进度跟踪，确保在季度总结时不会出现意外。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 948, "txt": "她建议每周使用一个简单的", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[22]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 950, "txt": "记分卡", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[22]/strong/span"}, {"position_id": 952, "txt": "进行进度跟踪，确保在季度总结时不会出现意外。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[22]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 75, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "7 用兴趣和能力的二维矩阵寻找创业想法", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 954, "txt": "7 用兴趣和能力的二维矩阵寻找创业想法", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[12]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "在寻找创业点子时，一些创始人会追逐市场趋势和个人热情。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 956, "txt": 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1343, "txt": "这种违反直觉的策略获得了回报。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[109]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 214, "global_sentence_id": 263, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如今，Notion 拥有一个由 300 多名大使组成的全球网络，几乎每天都在世界各地举办社区主导的活动。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1344, "txt": "如今，Notion 拥有一个由 300 多名大使组成的全球网络，几乎每天都在世界各地举办社区主导的活动。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[109]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 214, "global_sentence_id": 264, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "通过分散控制并专注于授权而非强制执行，Notion 构建了一个社区计划，其规模远远超出了其内部团队单独所能实现的规模。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1345, "txt": "通过分散控制并专注于授权而非强制执行，Notion 构建了一个社区计划，其规模远远超出了其内部团队单独所能实现的规模。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[109]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 214, "global_sentence_id": 265, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "24 从内在出发构建组织结构", 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"global_sentence_id": 268, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“一个漂亮、完全对称的组织结构图应该引起您的怀疑。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1351, "txt": "“一个漂亮、完全对称的组织结构图应该引起您的怀疑。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[112]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 216, "global_sentence_id": 269, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "因为它往往会将您的注意力分散到各个地方，”他说。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1352, "txt": "因为它往往会将您的注意力分散到各个地方，”他说。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[112]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 216, "global_sentence_id": 270, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " Yu 反而提倡构建一个“传家宝西红柿”组织结构图——一个可能看起来不规则和不对称，但在重要的地方更有力度的结构图。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1353, "txt": " Yu 反而提倡构建一个“传家宝西红柿”组织结构图——一个可能看起来不规则和不对称，但在重要的地方更有力度的结构图。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[112]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 216, "global_sentence_id": 271, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“如果您是一家初创公司，那么您的产品很可能有一些真正与众不同的地方，”他说。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1354, "txt": "“如果您是一家初创公司，那么您的产品很可能有一些真正与众不同的地方，”他说。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[112]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 216, "global_sentence_id": 272, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“这些是需要过度配置的领域。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1355, "txt": "“这些是需要过度配置的领域。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[112]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 216, "global_sentence_id": 273, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在这些团队中留出足够的空闲时间。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1356, "txt": "在这些团队中留出足够的空闲时间。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[112]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 216, "global_sentence_id": 274, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不仅仅是为了构建第一个版本。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1357, "txt": "不仅仅是为了构建第一个版本。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[112]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 216, "global_sentence_id": 275, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "还要处理不可避免的用户反馈、维护、错误报告和润色。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1358, "txt": "还要处理不可避免的用户反馈、维护、错误报告和润色。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[112]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 216, "global_sentence_id": 276, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "在 Linear，他们并没有抓住一切机会拆分他们的初始开发团队，而是让它发展壮大——核心产品职能最终占员工总数的 50% 以上。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1360, "txt": "在 Linear，他们并没有抓住一切机会拆分他们的初始开发团队，而是让它发展壮大——核心产品职能最终占员工总数的 50% 以上。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[113]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 217, "global_sentence_id": 277, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然这会带来更多的管理开销，但它允许团队即使在产品范围增加的情况下也能保持高质量。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1361, "txt": "虽然这会带来更多的管理开销，但它允许团队即使在产品范围增加的情况下也能保持高质量。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[113]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 217, "global_sentence_id": 278, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“我们不是被动的投资组合管理者。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1362, "txt": "“我们不是被动的投资组合管理者。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[113]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 217, "global_sentence_id": 279, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "我们一直在积极地做出产品投资决策，”Yu 说。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1363, "txt": "我们一直在积极地做出产品投资决策，”Yu 说。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[113]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 217, "global_sentence_id": 280, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“我们每年有两次大型战略规划时刻，但我们实际上每 3-4 周就会重新评估我们的近期路线图。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1364, "txt": "“我们每年有两次大型战略规划时刻，但我们实际上每 3-4 周就会重新评估我们的近期路线图。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[113]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 217, "global_sentence_id": 281, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "团队和范围不需要沿着统一的维度划分。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1366, "txt": "团队和范围不需要沿着统一的维度划分。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[114]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 218, "global_sentence_id": 282, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "它们不需要相互排斥或定义狭隘。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1367, "txt": "它们不需要相互排斥或定义狭隘。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[114]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 218, "global_sentence_id": 283, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这些都是为了对称性而人为设置的约束。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1368, "txt": "这些都是为了对称性而人为设置的约束。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[114]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 218, "global_sentence_id": 284, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "25 跨领域学习营销", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1370, "txt": "25 跨领域学习营销", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[116]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 219, "global_sentence_id": 285, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "营销是通用的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1372, "txt": "营销是通用的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[117]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 220, "global_sentence_id": 286, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当为您的下一个营销活动集思广益时，您的第一反应可能是偷偷看看您的竞争对手最近在做什么。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1374, "txt": "当为您的下一个营销活动集思广益时，您的第一反应可能是偷偷看看您的竞争对手最近在做什么。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[118]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 221, "global_sentence_id": 287, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但是，曾在 Stripe 和 OpenAI 领导营销工作的 Krithika Muthukumar 会敦促您停止从竞争对手那里寻找营销灵感。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1376, "txt": "但是，曾在 Stripe 和 OpenAI 领导营销工作的 Krithika Muthukumar 会敦促您停止从竞争对手那里寻找营销灵感。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[119]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 222, "global_sentence_id": 288, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "她甚至会允许您复制一个很棒的想法——只要它来自一个完全不同的领域。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1377, "txt": "她甚至会允许您复制一个很棒的想法——只要它来自一个完全不同的领域。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[119]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 222, "global_sentence_id": 289, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“在 Stripe，我们借鉴了那些做得很好的人的想法，但主要是从我们领域之外借鉴。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1379, "txt": "“在 Stripe，我们借鉴了那些做得很好的人的想法，但主要是从我们领域之外借鉴。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[120]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 223, "global_sentence_id": 290, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "所以我们永远不会试图超越我们的竞争对手，”她说。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1380, "txt": "所以我们永远不会试图超越我们的竞争对手，”她说。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[120]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 223, "global_sentence_id": 291, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“我们会大量窃取来自医疗保健、推出新编程语言的人以及安全领域等不同领域的想法。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1381, "txt": "“我们会大量窃取来自医疗保健、推出新编程语言的人以及安全领域等不同领域的想法。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[120]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 223, "global_sentence_id": 292, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "26 扩张时，思考“棉花糖”问题", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1383, "txt": "26 扩张时，思考“棉花糖”问题", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[122]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 224, "global_sentence_id": 293, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "棉花糖测试：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1385, "txt": "棉花糖测试：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[123]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 225, "global_sentence_id": 294, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "您是要吃掉眼前的棉花糖，还是等待以后再吃第二颗棉花糖？", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1386, "txt": "您是要吃掉眼前的棉花糖，还是等待以后再吃第二颗棉花糖？", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[123]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 225, "global_sentence_id": 295, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当您扩张时，您可能需要做出一些权衡，牺牲短期收益以换取更多的长期增长投资。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1388, "txt": "当您扩张时，您可能需要做出一些权衡，牺牲短期收益以换取更多的长期增长投资。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[124]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 226, "global_sentence_id": 296, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这是 Pinterest 团队在尝试扩展到国际市场时面临的难题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1389, "txt": "这是 Pinterest 团队在尝试扩展到国际市场时面临的难题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[124]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 226, "global_sentence_id": 297, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "虽然美国的增长蓬勃发展，但国际增长几乎为零。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1390, "txt": "虽然美国的增长蓬勃发展，但国际增长几乎为零。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[124]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 226, "global_sentence_id": 298, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“对于团队来说，运行一个可以使美国增长提高几个百分点的实验总是很容易，”当时的产品增长主管 Casey Winters 说。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1392, "txt": "“对于团队来说，运行一个可以使美国增长提高几个百分点的实验总是很容易，”当时的产品增长主管 Casey Winters 说。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[125]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 227, "global_sentence_id": 299, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“所以很自然地，每个人都把时间花在了关注这一点上——而不是担心如何让巴西从零增长到一。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1393, "txt": "“所以很自然地，每个人都把时间花在了关注这一点上——而不是担心如何让巴西从零增长到一。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[125]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 227, "global_sentence_id": 300, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“所以这就是棉花糖测试：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1395, "txt": "“所以这就是棉花糖测试：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[126]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 228, "global_sentence_id": 301, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "您是要吃掉眼前的棉花糖，还是等待以后再吃第二颗棉花糖？”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1396, "txt": "您是要吃掉眼前的棉花糖，还是等待以后再吃第二颗棉花糖？”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[126]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 228, "global_sentence_id": 302, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Winters 说。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1397, "txt": "Winters 说。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[126]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 228, "global_sentence_id": 303, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“即使创始人通过了棉花糖测试，组织中的其他人也可能很难通过测试。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1398, "txt": "“即使创始人通过了棉花糖测试，组织中的其他人也可能很难通过测试。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[126]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 228, "global_sentence_id": 304, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "最后，创始人 Ben Silbermann 拍板决定。", "language": 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"language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1404, "txt": "让一个团队致力于一个已经实现产品市场契合的产品，然后转向其他不会立即产生回报的东西，这非常困难。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[128]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 230, "global_sentence_id": 308, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "27 销售：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1406, "txt": "27 销售：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[130]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 231, "global_sentence_id": 309, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "能一次搞定，不要2次", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1407, "txt": "能一次搞定，不要2次", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[130]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 231, "global_sentence_id": 310, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "作为一名首次创业的创始人，销售是前方最令人生畏的障碍之一，尤其是对于技术人员而言。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1409, "txt": "作为一名首次创业的创始人，销售是前方最令人生畏的障碍之一，尤其是对于技术人员而言。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[131]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 232, "global_sentence_id": 311, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "为了增加一些辅助轮，很容易过度设计您的推销流程。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1410, "txt": "为了增加一些辅助轮，很容易过度设计您的推销流程。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[131]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 232, "global_sentence_id": 312, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但是，以零销售经验创立 Vanta 的 Christina Cacioppo（“我在创办公司之前卖的最后一样东西是女童子军饼干，”她打趣道）了解到，有时最简单的方法效果最好。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1411, "txt": "但是，以零销售经验创立 Vanta 的 Christina Cacioppo（“我在创办公司之前卖的最后一样东西是女童子军饼干，”她打趣道）了解到，有时最简单的方法效果最好。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[131]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 232, "global_sentence_id": 313, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "她的最初策略是将客户对话分成两个电话：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1413, "txt": "她的最初策略是将客户对话分成两个电话：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[132]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 233, "global_sentence_id": 314, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "一个用于发现和基本解释", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1415, "txt": "一个用于发现和基本解释", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[10]/li[1]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 234, "global_sentence_id": 315, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "另一个用于产品演示。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1417, "txt": "另一个用于产品演示。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[10]/li[2]/p[1]/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 235, "global_sentence_id": 316, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“我以为我可以通过这个绝妙的两次通话顺序搞定一切，”Cacioppo 说。", "language": "chinese", "position": 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"chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1438, "txt": " 人们说的是，‘我想把这个问题交给别人，并安心地知道它正在得到解决，’”McKellar 说。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[138]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 242, "global_sentence_id": 330, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“反馈是他们希望其他人从头到尾负责这个问题。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1439, "txt": "“反馈是他们希望其他人从头到尾负责这个问题。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[138]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 242, "global_sentence_id": 331, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这是他们从 Zulip 时代（他们的第二家合资公司）吸取的宝贵教训，当时创始人构建的是他们作为工程师想要的产品，而不是广大客户想要的产品。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1441, "txt": "这是他们从 Zulip 时代（他们的第二家合资公司）吸取的宝贵教训，当时创始人构建的是他们作为工程师想要的产品，而不是广大客户想要的产品。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[139]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 243, "global_sentence_id": 332, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "事实证明，这种方向上的调整是推动 Pilot 达到 12 亿美元估值的成功战略的一部分。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1442, "txt": "事实证明，这种方向上的调整是推动 Pilot 达到 12 亿美元估值的成功战略的一部分。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[139]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 243, "global_sentence_id": 333, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "您必须非常小心，不要过度适应您自己的经验。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1444, "txt": "您必须非常小心，不要过度适应您自己的经验。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[140]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 244, "global_sentence_id": 334, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "您需要确保您销售的产品能够引起目标受众的共鸣。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1445, "txt": "您需要确保您销售的产品能够引起目标受众的共鸣。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[140]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 244, "global_sentence_id": 335, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "29 跳过书面备忘录——直接给您初创公司的律师打电话", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1447, "txt": "29 跳过书面备忘录——直接给您初创公司的律师打电话", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[142]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 245, "global_sentence_id": 336, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "对于创始人来说，法律事务可能感觉像是令人烦恼的必需品——昂贵、耗时，但对于长期成功至关重要。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1449, "txt": "对于创始人来说，法律事务可能感觉像是令人烦恼的必需品——昂贵、耗时，但对于长期成功至关重要。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[143]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 246, "global_sentence_id": 337, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "尤其是在刚开始时，早期创始人希望利用他们未开发的精力立即投入工作，而不是埋首案头填写公司注册文件或翻阅合规文件。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1450, "txt": "尤其是在刚开始时，早期创始人希望利用他们未开发的精力立即投入工作，而不是埋首案头填写公司注册文件或翻阅合规文件。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[143]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 246, "global_sentence_id": 338, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Irene Liu 多年来一直在快速发展的创始人和保守的法律顾问之间架起桥梁，她已成为这两个截然不同的世界之间的法律翻译（最近担任 Hopin 的首席法务官）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1452, "txt": "Irene Liu 多年来一直在快速发展的创始人和保守的法律顾问之间架起桥梁，她已成为这两个截然不同的世界之间的法律翻译（最近担任 Hopin 的首席法务官）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[144]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 247, "global_sentence_id": 339, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "她分享了一条违反直觉的建议，可以帮助初创公司保持速度，同时控制法律成本：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1454, "txt": "她分享了一条违反直觉的建议，可以帮助初创公司保持速度，同时控制法律成本：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[145]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 248, "global_sentence_id": 340, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "跳过书面备忘录。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1455, "txt": "跳过书面备忘录。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[145]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 248, "global_sentence_id": 341, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“尽可能通过电话沟通，因为这会更有效率，”Liu 说。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1456, "txt": "“尽可能通过电话沟通，因为这会更有效率，”Liu 说。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[145]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 248, "global_sentence_id": 342, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“您可以快速提出任何后续问题。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1457, "txt": "“您可以快速提出任何后续问题。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[145]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 248, "global_sentence_id": 343, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "由于通过电话回答问题比通过电子邮件回答问题花费的时间更少，因此成本也会更低。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1458, "txt": "由于通过电话回答问题比通过电子邮件回答问题花费的时间更少，因此成本也会更低。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[145]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 248, "global_sentence_id": 344, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果您绝对需要书面材料来更好地理解信息，Liu 说，请要求提供一份一页的执行摘要，而不是完整的备忘录。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1460, "txt": "如果您绝对需要书面材料来更好地理解信息，Liu 说，请要求提供一份一页的执行摘要，而不是完整的备忘录。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[146]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 249, "global_sentence_id": 345, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "请记住，如果您发现自己直接与律师事务所合作时遇到了障碍，那么您没有理由必须坚持与他们合作。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1461, "txt": "请记住，如果您发现自己直接与律师事务所合作时遇到了障碍，那么您没有理由必须坚持与他们合作。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[146]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 249, "global_sentence_id": 346, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“创始人/律师的关系就像浪漫的伴侣关系。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1462, "txt": "“创始人/律师的关系就像浪漫的伴侣关系。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[146]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 249, "global_sentence_id": 347, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "合适的匹配通常取决于化学反应和沟通，”Liu 说。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1463, "txt": "合适的匹配通常取决于化学反应和沟通，”Liu 说。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[146]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 249, "global_sentence_id": 348, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“如果事情不顺利，就分手然后继续前进。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1464, "txt": "“如果事情不顺利，就分手然后继续前进。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[146]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 249, "global_sentence_id": 349, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "30 破坏性创新的陷阱", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1466, "txt": "30 破坏性创新的陷阱", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[148]/span/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 250, "global_sentence_id": 350, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "“创新者通常认为他们的行业会欢迎新想法。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1468, "txt": "“创新者通常认为他们的行业会欢迎新想法。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[149]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 251, "global_sentence_id": 351, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "不幸的是，世界的运行方式并不像商学院的教科书那样。”", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1469, "txt": "不幸的是，世界的运行方式并不像商学院的教科书那样。”", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[149]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 251, "global_sentence_id": 352, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这是斯坦福大学一位兼职教授的一句有点讽刺意味的引言，但 Steve Blank 并非普通的学者。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1471, "txt": "这是斯坦福大学一位兼职教授的一句有点讽刺意味的引言，但 Steve Blank 并非普通的学者。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[150]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 252, "global_sentence_id": 353, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "他的职业生涯跨越了八家不同的初创公司，他的著作《顿悟的四个步骤》是企业家的开创性著作。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1472, "txt": "他的职业生涯跨越了八家不同的初创公司，他的著作《顿悟的四个步骤》是企业家的开创性著作。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[150]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 252, "global_sentence_id": 354, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "对于面临潜在的足以扼杀公司的灾难的创始人来说，他是经常被第一个致电的人——例如，当他们试图向政府机构销售产品时处处受阻，或者被财富 500 强竞争对手起诉专利侵权。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1474, "txt": "对于面临潜在的足以扼杀公司的灾难的创始人来说，他是经常被第一个致电的人——例如，当他们试图向政府机构销售产品时处处受阻，或者被财富 500 强竞争对手起诉专利侵权。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[151]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 253, "global_sentence_id": 355, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "“在组织内部和外部的新公司中，在位者使用各种方法来破坏和扼杀创新想法。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1476, "txt": "“在组织内部和外部的新公司中，在位者使用各种方法来破坏和扼杀创新想法。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[152]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 254, "global_sentence_id": 356, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而且大多数时候，创新者都不知道发生了什么。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1477, "txt": "而且大多数时候，创新者都不知道发生了什么。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[152]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 254, "global_sentence_id": 357, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而那些知道的人也没有制定应对计划，”Blank 说。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1478, "txt": "而那些知道的人也没有制定应对计划，”Blank 说。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[152]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 254, "global_sentence_id": 358, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "新进入者挑战老牌竞争对手，或者您试图在一家大公司内部保持活力，都应该预料到现有组织和公司会拼死捍卫自己的地盘。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1480, "txt": "新进入者挑战老牌竞争对手，或者您试图在一家大公司内部保持活力，都应该预料到现有组织和公司会拼死捍卫自己的地盘。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[153]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 255, "global_sentence_id": 359, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "以下是 Blank 见过的在位者采取的一些最常见的破坏方法：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1482, "txt": "以下是 Blank 见过的在位者采取的一些最常见的破坏方法：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/p[154]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 256, "global_sentence_id": 360, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "制造职业 FUD（恐惧、不确定性和怀疑）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1484, "txt": "制造职业 FUD（恐惧、不确定性和怀疑）。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[11]/li[1]/section/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 257, "global_sentence_id": 361, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "将创新想法/产品/服务定位为对其采用/支持者职业生涯的风险。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1485, "txt": "将创新想法/产品/服务定位为对其采用/支持者职业生涯的风险。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[11]/li[1]/section/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 257, "global_sentence_id": 362, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "强调现有传统投资的风险，例如切换到新产品或服务的成本，或强调会反对它的用户。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1487, "txt": "强调现有传统投资的风险，例如切换到新产品或服务的成本，或强调会反对它的用户。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul[11]/li[2]/section/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 258, "global_sentence_id": 363, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "声称现有的研发或工程部门已经在做这件事（或可以做得更好/更便宜）。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1489, "txt": "声称现有的研发或工程部门已经在做这件事（或可以做得更好/更便宜）。", "x": 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我们处于混乱和控制的连续体的哪个位置？- Kareem Amin，Clay 的 CEO 兼联合创始人 ## 3 寻找冲突以更快地获取背景信息（context） ## 4 在您的下一次产品评审（product review）中使用这 12 个问题 ## 5 确保你的早期员工是真正能落地干活的人 ## 6 控制你的年度计划（即使它被打乱） ## 7 用兴趣和能力的二维矩阵寻找创业想法 ## 8 挑战“专注做好一件事”的教条 ## 9 让你的高管独立思考问题 ## 10 避免只接受正面反馈 ## 11 除非很痛，不要过早招聘 ## 12 警惕围绕单一需求 ## 13 不要被客户投诉吓到 ## 14 将你的投资引荐人视为“投球教练” ## 15 超越数据本身，找到真正的关键指标 ## 16 在推荐电话中增加更多的严谨性 ## 17 你不需要重新发明品类，而是要重新定义品类 ## 18 投资于10分钟（临时）经理 ## 19 保持一定的深度战略思考空间 ## 20 找到关键的增长杠杆 ## 21 加速前先确认方向 ## 22 尽快建立数据化体系 ## 23 自下而上的建立用户社群（而非传统的top-down） ## 24 从内在出发构建组织结构 ## 25 跨领域学习营销 ## 26 扩张时，思考“棉花糖”问题 ## 27 销售：能一次搞定，不要2次 ## 28 构建能引起客户共鸣的东西——而非自嗨 ## 29 跳过书面备忘录——直接给您初创公司的律师打电话 ## 30 破坏性创新的陷阱
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"web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "技术亮点：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 391, "txt": "技术亮点", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[9]/span/strong"}, {"position_id": 393, "txt": "：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[9]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "双主播动态交互：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 395, "txt": "双主播动态交互：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/ul[1]/li[1]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "主播A和主播B分别用不同的AI模型生成语言，实时生成观点碰撞", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 396, "txt": "主播A和主播B分别用不同的AI模型生成语言，实时生成观点碰撞", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/ul[1]/li[1]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "可以多平台同步直播推流", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 398, "txt": "可以多平台同步直播推流", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/ul[1]/li[2]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 54, "global_sentence_id": 37, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "可以喂实时信息流比如微博或者B站最热门话题，从而进行评论", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 400, "txt": "可以喂实时信息流比如微博或者B站最热门话题，从而进行评论", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/ul[1]/li[3]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 55, "global_sentence_id": 38, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "多模态控制，主播形象可替换：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 402, "txt": "多模态控制，主播形象可替换：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/ul[1]/li[4]/p/span"}]}, "tags": ["li"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 56, 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"txt": "有趣的是，直播专注于 DeepSeek 本身，展示了 AI 讨论自身能力。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/p[10]/span/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "四、深度求索的野望：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 420, "txt": "四、深度求索的野望：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/h3[5]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["h3", "strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "通用人工智能的中国路径", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 421, "txt": "通用人工智能的中国路径", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[4]/h3[5]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["h3", "strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "当OpenAI还在纠结“安全护栏”时，DeepSeek团队已通过思维蒸馏技术将1750亿参数模型压缩到可商用级别。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 423, "txt": 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"edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "While traditional self-supervised learning methods improve performance and robustness across vari-ous medical tasks, they rely on single-vector embeddings that may not capture fine-grained concepts such as anatomical structures or organs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.376, 0.824, 0.381], [0.175, 0.391, 0.823, 0.398], [0.176, 0.405, 0.432, 0.411]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 15, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The ability to identify such concepts and their characteristics without supervision has the potential to improve pre-training methods, and enable novel applications such as fine-grained image retrieval and concept-based outlier detection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.432, 0.405, 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"position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.574, 0.459, 0.822, 0.467], [0.176, 0.475, 0.823, 0.481], [0.176, 0.487, 0.315, 0.494]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We validate ConceptVAE both qualitatively and quantitatively, demonstrating its ability to detect fine-grained anatomical structures such as blood pools and septum walls from 2D cardiac echocardiographies.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.315, 0.487, 0.822, 0.496], [0.176, 0.501, 0.823, 0.508], [0.176, 0.513, 0.382, 0.521]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Quantitatively, ConceptVAE outperforms traditional self-supervised methods in tasks such as region-based instance retrieval, semantic segmentation, out-of-distribution detection, and object detection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.382, 0.513, 0.822, 0.522], [0.176, 0.53, 0.823, 0.535], [0.176, 0.541, 0.382, 0.55]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 20, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, we explore the generation of in-distribution synthetic data that maintains the same concepts as the training data but with distinct styles,highlighting its potential for more calibrated data generation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.382, 0.541, 0.823, 0.549], [0.176, 0.555, 0.824, 0.563], [0.175, 0.571, 0.47, 0.577]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 21, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Overall, our study introduces and validates a promis-ing new pre-training technique based on concept-style disentanglement, opening multiple avenues for developing models for medical image analysis that are more interpretable and explainable than black-box approaches.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1100000, "bbox": [[0.47, 0.571, 0.824, 0.574], [0.176, 0.584, 0.823, 0.59], [0.176, 0.597, 0.823, 0.605], [0.176, 0.61, 0.324, 0.619]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "abstract", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 22, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1 Introduction", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1200000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.643, 0.252, 0.653]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Unsupervised and, in particular, Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) methods facilitate the use of unlabeled data to learn its underlying structure.", 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displayed in an input [4].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.721, 0.882, 0.729], [0.117, 0.737, 0.644, 0.743]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 26, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These representations can be viewed as an aggregation of local concepts, their corresponding styles and their contribution on the overall meaning of the input.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.644, 0.737, 0.882, 0.743], [0.117, 0.751, 0.881, 0.758], [0.118, 0.764, 0.158, 0.777]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 27, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The nature of the representations learnt can vary depending on the specific method employed [5].For example,some methods encourage the representations to be similar for similar or augmented input samples, and dissimilar for samples that depict distinct concepts [6].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.158, 0.764, 0.882, 0.772], [0.118, 0.779, 0.882, 0.785], [0.117, 0.79, 0.413, 0.798]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 28, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Other methods aim to ensure that the representations can be accurately reconstructed from partially masked inputs or features [7,8].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1400000, "bbox": [[0.413, 0.79, 0.88, 0.801], [0.117, 0.806, 0.514, 0.812]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 29, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Regardless of the approach employed, each method aims to develop a single-vector representation of the input, which may fail to capture fine-grained concepts present in it.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.824, 0.88, 0.833], [0.117, 0.84, 0.467, 0.847]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 30, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, a 2D echocardiography of the heart can be broken down into concepts such as heart chambers, valves, and walls.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.467, 0.84, 0.88, 0.847], [0.117, 0.853, 0.515, 0.86]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 31, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, the SSL methods' single-vector representation makes it challenging to discern whether such concepts are learned during pre-training [9,10].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1500000, "bbox": [[0.515, 0.853, 0.881, 0.86], [0.118, 0.867, 0.728, 0.874]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 32, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, similarityconstraints imposed in SSL under various augmentations can cause algorithms to merge certain concepts and their associated styles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.124, 0.886, 0.881, 0.895], [0.117, 0.902, 0.359, 0.909]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 33, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, two augmented views of the same input must produce similar", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1600000, "bbox": [[0.359, 0.902, 0.882, 0.909]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 34, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1700000, "bbox": [[0.169, 0.045, 0.829, 0.058]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 35, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "representations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1700000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.097, 0.222, 0.103]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 36, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, cropping or zooming can exclude some object parts from a view, while blurring or color jittering can alter local textures, making them different between the augmented views.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1700000, "bbox": 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"position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1700000, "bbox": [[0.504, 0.138, 0.881, 0.146], [0.118, 0.15, 0.881, 0.158], [0.117, 0.166, 0.56, 0.172]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 39, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this paper, we present a novel pre-training method that learns to discretise an input image into a set of fine-grained concepts, and identifies a unique set of styles for each concept.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.184, 0.882, 0.193], [0.117, 0.201, 0.527, 0.212]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 40, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Inspired by human perception, where the brain rapidly recognizes objects by first identifying essential concepts as key components and then perceiving detailed information like fine textures, our approach aims to mimic this process [13,14,15].Using 2D cardiac echocardiographies,we show that the proposed method, which we term ConceptVAE and illustrate in Figure 1,can identify fine-grained concepts representing anatomical structures and regions such as heart chambers, walls or blood pools without any supervision.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1800000, "bbox": [[0.527, 0.201, 0.88, 0.208], [0.117, 0.214, 0.88, 0.22], [0.118, 0.225, 0.873, 0.234], [0.118, 0.24, 0.881, 0.248], [0.117, 0.255, 0.88, 0.261]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 41, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The main strength of our proposed framework is the concept(content)-style disentanglement that happens natively during the pretraining procedure, a behavior that doesn't occur within traditional SSL methods.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": 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hold great interest, can benefit from concept-style disentanglement of the latent space.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.252, 0.331, 0.881, 0.339], [0.118, 0.343, 0.672, 0.351]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 44, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Although traditional deep learn-ing (DL) models are capable of performing the aforementioned tasks with good performance, they lack such properties since they are black-box solutions (regardless whether pretraining was used or not in their development).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.672, 0.343, 0.882, 0.348], [0.118, 0.358, 0.882, 0.366], [0.118, 0.372, 0.814, 0.379]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Disentan-glement can also be used as a tool to explore the underlying structure of data, through the explicit decomposition into observed local concepts and their style properties.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 1900000, "bbox": [[0.814, 0.372, 0.882, 0.376], [0.118, 0.386, 0.881, 0.392], [0.117, 0.399, 0.443, 0.406]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Briefly,ConceptVAE extends the Variational Autoencoder (VAE) framework to encode a 2D input image into a latent space using a 2D grid of concept probability distributions (one$p_{ij}(c$for each image region, where $C$ is a concept and $i,j$ are spatial indexes) and their associated style vectors $\\left(_{i}=\\left(_{i}x\\right)\\right.$,where$_{ij}$is the style property vector of concept$c_{ij}$ that is present at location $i,j$ in input image $x$).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.417, 0.885, 0.513]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 47, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We find that even a modest number of discrete concepts and styles (e.g., 16 concepts and 8 style components) are sufficient to model 2D echocardiographies.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.417, 0.885, 0.513]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 48, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We design a series of loss functions that guide a neural network to detect underlying concepts from an input image and identify particular styles for each concept.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.417, 0.885, 0.513]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 49, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We validate the effectiveness of the embeddings learnt via ConceptVAE through distinct tasks including region-based instance retrieval, semantic segmentation, object detection, and OOD detection, demonstrating consistent improve-ments over more traditional SSL methods.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2100000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.521, 0.881, 0.53], [0.118, 0.537, 0.883, 0.543], [0.117, 0.551, 0.393, 0.558]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2200000, "bbox": [[0.303, 0.608, 0.694, 0.874]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 1: ConceptVAE overview, where the blue blocks are trainable while the grey blocks are only updated using exponential moving average.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2300000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.882, 0.883, 0.907]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 52, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.936, 0.506, 0.949]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 53, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2400000, "bbox": [[0.169, 0.045, 0.829, 0.059]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 54, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "In summary, our work's key contributions are the following:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2500000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.094, 0.509, 0.104]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 55, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "·We introduce ConceptVAE, a novel SSL training framework that yields models capable to fine-grained disen-tangle concepts and styles from medical images.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.161, 0.124, 0.882, 0.132], [0.176, 0.138, 0.484, 0.145]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 56, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We evaluate the model using 2D cardiac echocardiographies,given the accessibility of datasets for pre-training and validation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.484, 0.138, 0.884, 0.146], [0.182, 0.153, 0.605, 0.164]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 57, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Nevertheless, ConceptVAE is designed to be versatile and can potentially be applied to all 2D image modalities.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2600000, "bbox": [[0.605, 0.153, 0.881, 0.159], [0.176, 0.164, 0.631, 0.173]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 58, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "·We qualitatively validate ConceptVAE and demonstrate its ability to identify concepts specialised for anatom-ical structures,such as blood pools or septum walls.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2700000, "bbox": [[0.161, 0.186, 0.879, 0.193], [0.176, 0.199, 0.515, 0.207]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "·We quantitatively validate ConceptVAE and show consistent improvements over traditional SSL methods across various tasks, including instance retrieval, semantic segmentation, object detection, and OOD detec-tion.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2800000, "bbox": [[0.161, 0.221, 0.881, 0.227], [0.175, 0.235, 0.882, 0.239], [0.175, 0.247, 0.206, 0.255]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 60, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "·We assess ConceptVAE's ability to generate data conditioned on concept semantics and discuss its potential to enhance robustness in dense prediction tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 2900000, "bbox": [[0.161, 0.269, 0.882, 0.275], [0.175, 0.282, 0.489, 0.289]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 61, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The remainder of this article is organised as follows.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.309, 0.459, 0.317]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 62, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We start by discussing background information and related work (Section 2), followed by a detailed overview of ConceptVAE (Section 3), an analysis of the pre-trained model's ability to disentangle concepts and styles (Section 4), and a quantitative evaluation of the model for multiple tasks (Section 5).The paper ends with conclusions and future work (Section 6).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3000000, "bbox": [[0.459, 0.309, 0.88, 0.317], [0.117, 0.323, 0.882, 0.333], [0.118, 0.338, 0.882, 0.345], [0.117, 0.35, 0.52, 0.359]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 63, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "2 Related Work", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3100000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.385, 0.262, 0.396]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 64, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "We identify a series of related works that can be categorized into three distinct groups:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.417, 0.671, 0.426]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 65, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " (i) SSL methods, encompassing both general approaches from natural images and those specific to medical images [4,16]; (ii) Disentangled Represen-tation Learning (DRL) methods, which aim to train models capable of identifying and mapping factors of variation to semantically meaningful variables [17,28]; and (iii) the application of SSL methods to improve performance in med-ical image processing tasks related to 2D echocardiographies, such as segmentation or information retrieval.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.671, 0.417, 0.881, 0.428], [0.118, 0.432, 0.88, 0.441], [0.118, 0.447, 0.882, 0.454], [0.118, 0.462, 0.882, 0.465], [0.118, 0.474, 0.833, 0.481]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 66, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Below,we discuss these groups independently and explore their interplay.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3200000, "bbox": [[0.833, 0.474, 0.884, 0.482], [0.118, 0.489, 0.548, 0.496]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 67, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The primary SSL methods can be categorized in (i) contrastive learning methods (e.g., [18,19]),which aim to create similar representations for input images showing the same objects and contrastive representations for images showing different objects;", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.507, 0.882, 0.516], [0.118, 0.523, 0.881, 0.532], [0.117, 0.536, 0.23, 0.545]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 68, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " (ii) correlation-based methods (e.g., [20]), which aim to preserve the variance of the embeddings while decorrelating variables related to distinct objects; and (iii) masked image modeling methods (e.g.,[21,22]),which aim to reconstruct the original input from its masked version.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.23, 0.536, 0.882, 0.544], [0.117, 0.551, 0.882, 0.558], [0.117, 0.564, 0.566, 0.571]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 69, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Recent studies indicate that,despite differences in methodology and training objectives, contrastive and correlation-based methods are closely related and may yield similar results, as they minimize criteria that are equivalent under certain conditions [23].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.566, 0.564, 0.882, 0.571], [0.117, 0.577, 0.88, 0.585], [0.118, 0.592, 0.699, 0.598]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 70, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "All methods in these groups focus on developing single-vector (and not local or concept-based) representations, which can be used in distinct downstream tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3300000, "bbox": [[0.699, 0.592, 0.882, 0.6], [0.117, 0.604, 0.882, 0.613], [0.117, 0.619, 0.237, 0.627]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 71, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Within SSL methods, some approaches yield models with interesting emergent properties.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.638, 0.708, 0.646]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 72, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, vision trans-former models [24] trained with DINO [25,26] can generate features that explicitly describe the semantic segmentation of an image.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.708, 0.638, 0.882, 0.644], [0.117, 0.652, 0.881, 0.66], [0.118, 0.668, 0.203, 0.674]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 73, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These features can be directly linked to actual objects present in the image, which can be broadly in-terpreted as independent concepts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.203, 0.668, 0.882, 0.672], [0.118, 0.681, 0.344, 0.688]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 74, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Training with DINO improves performance in image classification, segmentation,and even information retrieval.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.344, 0.681, 0.882, 0.689], [0.118, 0.696, 0.326, 0.703]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 75, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Building upon DINO, ref.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.696, 0.507, 0.702]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 76, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[27] associated a fixed number of prototypical concepts with the semantics of each image using a pixel assignment scheme based on k-means clustering, further enhancing semantic segmentation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3400000, "bbox": [[0.507, 0.696, 0.882, 0.702], [0.118, 0.709, 0.881, 0.718], [0.117, 0.723, 0.27, 0.73]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 77, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Despite the fact that global representations developed through SSL methods can linearly separate certain object classes,these methods do not ensure that the learned latent space structure is meaningful.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.741, 0.882, 0.752], [0.118, 0.756, 0.66, 0.765]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 78, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Specifically, intermediate feature maps (i.e., the spatial feature maps before the final projector head) may not be sufficiently descriptive to reliably differentiate between similar visual concepts or to group together representations of objects from the same class.Additionally,these representations might either be intertwined with style information or attempt to suppress it to achieve invariance against train-time augmentations [28].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3500000, "bbox": [[0.66, 0.756, 0.881, 0.765], [0.118, 0.772, 0.88, 0.78], [0.117, 0.783, 0.882, 0.792], [0.117, 0.797, 0.882, 0.806], [0.119, 0.812, 0.492, 0.819]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 79, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In contrast, DRL is a family of training methods aimed at isolating the factors of variation driving the generative process behind a data distribution into distinct latent variables.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.831, 0.881, 0.84], [0.118, 0.848, 0.531, 0.854]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 80, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Ref.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.531, 0.848, 0.565, 0.854]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 81, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[28,29] provide overviews of recent techniques in DRL.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.565, 0.848, 0.88, 0.854], [0.118, 0.861, 0.176, 0.868]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 82, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Among various benefits, DRL can improve a model's explainability, controllability, and robustness [29].Nevertheless, DRL methods often need labels to learn meaningful representations [30] and have limited applicability to image-based tasks, primarily focusing on image generation [29].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.176, 0.861, 0.883, 0.868], [0.118, 0.872, 0.879, 0.882], [0.117, 0.888, 0.558, 0.9]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 83, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In contrast, ConceptVAE is designed as a general pre-training strategy that benefits multiple downstream tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3600000, "bbox": [[0.558, 0.888, 0.882, 0.895], [0.117, 0.903, 0.516, 0.908]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 84, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.936, 0.506, 0.949]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 85, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3700000, "bbox": [[0.169, 0.045, 0.829, 0.058]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Within DRL, ConceptVAE is similar to content-style disentanglement [28], as it deliberately assigns distinct roles to different components of the latent space.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.094, 0.881, 0.103], [0.118, 0.109, 0.393, 0.117]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, certain components represent anatomical concepts such as heart valves (acting as the content), while others capture their local specifics (acting as the style).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.393, 0.109, 0.882, 0.117], [0.117, 0.123, 0.771, 0.136]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 88, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Our model uses both discrete and continuous latent variables, for the content and style of input images, respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.771, 0.123, 0.881, 0.131], [0.118, 0.136, 0.784, 0.144]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 89, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This approach has provensuccessful in other DRL works, e.g., for clustering latent space representations in generative adversarial modeling [31].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.784, 0.136, 0.88, 0.145], [0.118, 0.15, 0.882, 0.158], [0.117, 0.165, 0.217, 0.172]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 90, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, our two latent variables are not independent: the style is determined as a function of both the input image and a predicted grid of discrete concepts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3800000, "bbox": [[0.217, 0.165, 0.879, 0.172], [0.118, 0.177, 0.492, 0.186]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 91, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While some methods enforce DRL at train time through either inductive biases, priors or supervision [28], other methods work post-hoc as post-processing of pretrained models in order to separate style and content.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.198, 0.882, 0.206], [0.118, 0.214, 0.792, 0.22]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 92, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example,ref.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.792, 0.214, 0.882, 0.221], [0.117, 0.227, 0.141, 0.234]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 93, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[32] uses style annotations to compute a linear projection that is applied on the entangled representations to separate them in two sub-matrices: a diagonal style matrix and an invertible dense content matrix.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.141, 0.227, 0.882, 0.234], [0.118, 0.241, 0.748, 0.248]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 94, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We draw inspiration from this approach, and enforce a unit-covariance constraint on the style component of our latent space, while letting adjacent concepts cooperate for reconstructing the input image.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 3900000, "bbox": [[0.748, 0.241, 0.881, 0.247], [0.118, 0.254, 0.881, 0.264], [0.117, 0.269, 0.531, 0.276]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 95, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Modeling images with a discrete codebook has been previously employed for purely generative purposes in models such as VQ-VAE [33,34].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.287, 0.882, 0.295], [0.118, 0.303, 0.296, 0.309]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 96, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Unlike our approach, these models require a significantly larger codebook size because a discrete code must represent a combination of entangled concept and style.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.296, 0.303, 0.881, 0.31], [0.117, 0.318, 0.627, 0.324]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 97, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In contrast, our model requires only a small array of discrete concepts, as they are disentangled from the styles, which are represented in the latent space by small-sized continuous vectors.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4000000, "bbox": [[0.627, 0.318, 0.881, 0.324], [0.118, 0.331, 0.88, 0.34], [0.118, 0.345, 0.324, 0.352]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 98, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Similar methods have been employed in cardiac image analysis before.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.364, 0.597, 0.372]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 99, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, ref.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.597, 0.364, 0.721, 0.372]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 100, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "[35] used spatial binary anatomical factors as content to compute an image-level modality factor as style for reconstructing MRI and CT data.Additionally, traditional SSL methods have been successfully applied in medical image analysis for tasks such as instanceretrieval [36], semantic segmentation [37], and object detection [16].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.721, 0.364, 0.88, 0.374], [0.117, 0.379, 0.882, 0.385], [0.117, 0.391, 0.882, 0.4], [0.118, 0.405, 0.64, 0.413]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 101, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "However, these models are adapted from natural image analysis and are not specifically tailored for medical imaging.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4100000, "bbox": [[0.64, 0.405, 0.881, 0.414], [0.117, 0.419, 0.649, 0.427]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 102, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3 ConceptVAE", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4200000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.455, 0.253, 0.465]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 103, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 1 presents a high-level overview of ConceptVAE.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.489, 0.493, 0.497]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 104, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In essence, the method employs a VAE-like architecture to reconstruct an input from the model's embeddings.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.493, 0.489, 0.881, 0.497], [0.118, 0.504, 0.455, 0.51]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 105, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It then converts the features into a set of concepts and styles via the concept discretizer and concept stylizer blocks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4300000, "bbox": [[0.455, 0.504, 0.881, 0.511], [0.118, 0.516, 0.449, 0.524]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 106, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We include a self-supervised input reconstruction task because we train the model from scratch and require an encoder that can produce meaningful low-level embeddings.However, this task is separated (through a stop-gradient operation)from concept and style identification.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.537, 0.882, 0.545], [0.118, 0.551, 0.88, 0.56], [0.117, 0.565, 0.363, 0.573]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 107, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Using an existing pre-trained encoder can replace this task.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4400000, "bbox": [[0.363, 0.565, 0.751, 0.573]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 108, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To prevent feature collapse, such as unique features for all inputs or a single concept for all concept maps, as well as improve training stability, we use a mirrored network for augmented versions of the input, updating it only with Exponential Moving Average (EMA)-a technique proven in SSL methods with similar aims [25].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4500000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.585, 0.884, 0.593], [0.117, 0.601, 0.881, 0.607], [0.118, 0.612, 0.761, 0.621]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 109, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Both the original and augmented input embeddings are transformed, discretized and styled using the concept dis-cretizer and stylizer blocks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.118, 0.633, 0.882, 0.647], [0.117, 0.65, 0.297, 0.655]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 110, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To ensure consistency in concepts between augmented versions of the input, a specialized loss term is employed.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.297, 0.65, 0.88, 0.656], [0.117, 0.661, 0.269, 0.669]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 111, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To guide the model in learning significant concepts and styles, the original inputs are recon-structed from the concepts and styles using the EMA decoder.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.269, 0.661, 0.878, 0.669], [0.118, 0.676, 0.532, 0.682]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 112, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A dedicated reconstruction loss term is employed to ensure that the inputs reconstructed from concepts and styles closely match the originals.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.532, 0.676, 0.879, 0.683], [0.117, 0.691, 0.715, 0.696]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 113, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This process encourages the model to capture and represent meaningful features of the data within the learned concepts and styles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.715, 0.691, 0.881, 0.697], [0.118, 0.703, 0.815, 0.71]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 114, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Similarly,localised loss terms guide the model to learn diverse concepts and styles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4600000, "bbox": [[0.815, 0.703, 0.883, 0.711], [0.117, 0.716, 0.592, 0.724]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 115, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The following subsections elaborate on the architecture, the rationale behind its design, and the training procedure,including details about the selected loss function terms and optimization parameters.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4700000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.736, 0.882, 0.746], [0.118, 0.751, 0.666, 0.758]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 116, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.1 Model Architecture", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4800000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.783, 0.29, 0.793]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 117, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 2 displays the detailed architecture of ConceptVAE.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.81, 0.885, 0.876]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 118, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A simple auto-encoder operates independently (in terms of gradients) from the rest of the model.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.81, 0.885, 0.876]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 119, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It comprises an Encoder Stem that generates features :$x_{\\text {}}$at a$4x$Ooutput stride, and an Image Decoder that reconstructs the original input.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.81, 0.885, 0.876]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 120, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After a stop-gradient operation, an Encoder Middle block applies a series of residual convolutional blocks starting from the encoder stem's features, projecting the features to concepts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 4900000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.81, 0.885, 0.876]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 121, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The projections are used by a Concept Discretizer classification head, with$x_{\\text {mil}}$having a $16x$output stride.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.884, 0.885, 0.912]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 122, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For each spatial location, a Softmax activation creates a probability distribution over C concepts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.884, 0.885, 0.912]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 123, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Using the Gumbel-", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.884, 0.885, 0.912]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 124, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.493, 0.936, 0.507, 0.948]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 125, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.169, 0.045, 0.829, 0.059]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 126, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5100000, "bbox": [[0.128, 0.084, 0.896, 0.729]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 127, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 2: ConceptVAE model architecture and training setup, where the EMA blocks represent the exponential moving average mirrors of regular blocks. Loss components are shown in colored ellipses, and s.g. denotes stop-gradient.Solid arrows indicate tensor flows within the model, while dashed arrows represent tensors involved in loss functions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.742, 0.883, 0.781]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 128, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Softmax trick [38] with hard sampling and gradient pass-through, a grid of one-hot vectors is sampled from the concept probabilities grid.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.823, 0.885, 0.864]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 129, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This one-hot vector grid indexes a learned matrix of concept embeddings to produce a 2D concept map$x_{\\text {concept}}$·", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5300000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.823, 0.885, 0.864]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 130, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Subsequently,$x_{\\text {middle}}$ and xconcept are concatenated along the channel axis and passed into a Concept Stylizer block.This block generates a 2D grid$x_{\\text {y}}$of $S$ channels capturing the style properties of each concept.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.872, 0.885, 0.911]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 131, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "At this point,each location within the $16x$-stride grid has anidentified concept and an associated style vector.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.872, 0.885, 0.911]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 132, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The channel-wise concate-", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5400000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.872, 0.885, 0.911]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 133, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.936, 0.506, 0.949]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 134, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.171, 0.045, 0.829, 0.058]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 135, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "nation of $x_{\\text {concept}}$ and$x_{\\text {syle}}$constitutes the model's latent space $\\left(x_{\\text {latent}}\\right)$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.092, 0.885, 0.168]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 136, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Notably, xconcept is derived from discrete embeddings, using a shared learnable embedding matrix for all input samples.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.092, 0.885, 0.168]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 137, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In contrast,$x_{\\text {yle}}$is a continuous tensor computed based on local features $x_{\\text {middle}}$and the sampled discrete concepts:$x_{\\text {concept}}$.Consequently,$x_{\\text {tyle}}$is specific to the sampled$x_{\\text {concept}}$,meaning that sampling a different concept at location $i,j$ will result in a different style vector $x_{\\text {style}}^{ij}.$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5500000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.092, 0.885, 0.168]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 138, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A Feature Decoder projects the latent space to reconstruct the lower $4x$-stride features of the Encoder Stem, denoted as$x_{\\text {m}}^{c}$.Lastly, the EMA Decoder is employed to recover the original input image from the latent space.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.174, 0.885, 0.241]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 139, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This reconstruction is core to ConceptVAE, as it guides the model to learn how to decompose an input into fine-grained concepts with associated styles, and reconstruct the input from concepts alone or from concepts and associated styles.Using the EMA Decoder for the reconstruction ensures there is no mode collapse for the concepts or styles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.174, 0.885, 0.241]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 140, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Architecturally, the Encoder Stem module is designed as a simple sequence of convolutional, instance normalization,max-pooling,and Leaky ReLU stages.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.25, 0.885, 0.345]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 141, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The final layer is a normalization layer that ensures channel-wise zero mean and unit standard deviation, helping to prevent potential feature collapse.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.25, 0.885, 0.345]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 142, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This module contains three convolutional layers with$3x3$kernels and strides 2,1,1 respectively, and one max-pooling layer with$2x2$kernel and stride 2,yielding a field of view size of$17\\mathrm {px}$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.25, 0.885, 0.345]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 143, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The Image Decoder block maintains this simplicity, consisting of 2 upsampling stages based on$3x3$transposed convolution layers with stride 2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.25, 0.885, 0.345]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 144, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Regular$1x$convolutions, normalization, and Leaky ReLU layers are inter-twined between the two up-sampling stages to improve the module's decoding capacity.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.25, 0.885, 0.345]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 145, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The Encoder Middle block employs a residual architecture.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.354, 0.885, 0.461]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 146, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As in the Image Decoder block, the first layer is a Leaky ReLU activation, as the input to this block comes from the normalized convolutional output of the Encoder Stem.The block comprises three residual stages with 3, 5, and 5 residual layers, respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.354, 0.885, 0.461]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 147, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Each residual layer includes two sequences of normalization, Leaky ReLU, and convolution.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.354, 0.885, 0.461]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 148, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Max-pooling and normalization layers are positioned between each residual stage.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.354, 0.885, 0.461]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 149, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This number of layers was selected to ensure that the receptive field-of-view$x_{\\text {mi}}$exceeds the shorter dimension of the input image.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.354, 0.885, 0.461]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 150, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In our case, the input image has dimensions(h, 320),and the field of view is approximately 300 pixels.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.354, 0.885, 0.461]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 151, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Larger or smaller architectures can be selected to model distinct input dimensions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5800000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.354, 0.885, 0.461]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 152, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Equation (1) describes the operation of the concept discretizer.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.47, 0.885, 0.524]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 153, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A classification head $f_{cd}$computes the concept proba-bility logits; Gumbel noise-$-\\ln (-\\ln (u))$is added, and a temperature$\\left(T_{\\text {mp}}\\right)$Softmax computes the sampled concept ratios.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.47, 0.885, 0.524]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 154, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A one-hot vector is created based on the concept with largest ratio and the pass-through technique ensures dif-ferentiability (where sg is the stop-gradient operator,$I$ is the input image).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 5900000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.47, 0.885, 0.524]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 155, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$p(c)\\vert \\mathcal {I}=\\text {Softmax}\\left(f_{cd}\\left(x_{\\text {middle}}(\\mathcal {I})\\right)\\right)$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6000000, "bbox": [[0.342, 0.53, 0.596, 0.548]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 156, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$u\\sim U(0,1)$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6100000, "bbox": [[0.377, 0.549, 0.459, 0.564]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 157, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$p_{\\text {samp}}(c)=\\text {Softmax}\\left(\\frac {\\ln (p(c)\\vert \\mathcal {I})-\\ln (-\\ln (u))}{T_{\\text {samp}}}\\right)\\tag{1}$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6200000, "bbox": [[0.325, 0.566, 0.885, 0.602]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 158, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$y_{\\text {hard}}=\\mathbf {1}_{\\text {hot}}\\left(\\arg \\max \\left(p_{\\text {samp}}(c)\\right)\\right)$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6300000, "bbox": [[0.349, 0.602, 0.58, 0.62]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 159, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$y_{\\text {hard}}=\\text {sg}\\left(y_{\\text {hard}}-p_{\\text {samp}}(c)\\right)+p_{\\text {samp}}(c)$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6400000, "bbox": [[0.349, 0.62, 0.635, 0.638]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 160, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The Concept Stylizer is based on a small 3-layer sequence of convolution-Leaky ReLU-convolution layers,all with bottleneck$(1x1)$kernels.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.651, 0.885, 0.689]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 161, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Its function is to customize the selected concept at each spatial location within the $16x$-stride grid.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.651, 0.885, 0.689]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 162, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The Feature Decoder begins with two residual stages that process $x_{\\text {latent}}$t,followed by two transposed convolution stages that up-sample the grid to a$4$output stride relative to the input size.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.699, 0.885, 0.753]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 163, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These two residual stages operate on a neighborhood of$5x5$spatial locations, allowing adjacent concepts tocollaborate in the reconstruction.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.699, 0.885, 0.753]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 164, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The impact of neighborhood size on reconstruction and modeling quality is discussed in Section 4.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.699, 0.885, 0.753]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 165, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Neither the Image nor the Feature Decoder employ skip-connections that reuse internal encoder feature maps.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.761, 0.885, 0.799]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 166, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This design is essential, as it compels the model to rely solely on its latent space,$x_{\\text {latent}}$, to represent the data manifold and reconstruct the inputs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.761, 0.885, 0.799]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 167, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "3.2 Training Objectives", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6800000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.819, 0.291, 0.829]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 168, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To train ConceptVAE, we devise a series of loss terms inspired by classical (discrete) VAE formulations, but adapted to guide the learning process towards identifying and personalizing concepts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.844, 0.885, 0.913]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 169, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We employ two types of reconstruction losses, illustrated in blue in Figure 2: an image-based loss$\\mathcal {L}_{img}$, which uses Mean Squared Error (MSE) over pixel values, and a feature-based loss$\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {fat}}$,which uses MSE over low-level feature tensors.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.844, 0.885, 0.913]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 170, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The simple auto-encoder is trained using$\\mathcal {L}_{img}$ between the original input image$\\mathcal {I}_{\\text {orig}}$ and the reconstructed image based on the $4x$-stride feature", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 6900000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.844, 0.885, 0.913]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 171, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.936, 0.506, 0.949]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 172, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.171, 0.045, 0.83, 0.058]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 173, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "map.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.094, 0.885, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 174, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The EMA version of the Encoder Stem is used to compute the target for the tensor produced by the Feature Decoder block,while the EMA Decoder is used to compute the reconstructed image from $x_{\\text {latent}}$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.094, 0.885, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 175, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The use of both pixel-and feature-level reconstruction losses has been previously employed in VAE/GAN setups [34, 39], to boost both training stability and image generation fidelity.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.094, 0.885, 0.147]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 176, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The feature decoder takes both$x_{\\text {concept}}$ and $x_{\\text {syle}}$as inputs.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.154, 0.885, 0.332]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 177, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While $x_{\\text {concept}}$ is generated by sampling from a discrete concept codebook,$x_{\\text {tyl}}$is computed directlyas a (continuous) function of$x_{\\text {middle}}$ and $x_{\\text {concept}}$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.154, 0.885, 0.332]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 178, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Consequently,the network could potentially exploit this setup by minimizing the influence of $x_{\\text {concept}}$ and relying more heavily on the more direct path of$x_{\\text {syl}}$,effectively reducing its operation to that of a simple auto-encoder.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.154, 0.885, 0.332]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 179, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In this scenario,xconcept would lose its semantic significance,and$x_{\\text {l}}$would function as a rich bottleneck representation rather than a style characteristic of a concept.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.154, 0.885, 0.332]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 180, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To address this undesired behavior, an image/feature reconstruction is performed where the style components of $x_{\\text {latent}}$ are explicitly zeroed out.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.154, 0.885, 0.332]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 181, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The EMA Decoder is reused to obtain a reconstructed version of the input image,relying solely on$x_{\\text {concept}}$ ,without the style component$x_{\\text {l}}$The target of this reconstruction is a blurred version of the input image, with blurring serving as an approximation for removing fine details and textures,thereby partially eliminating the notion of style.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.154, 0.885, 0.332]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 182, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Both pixel- and feature-based losses are employed to evaluate the reconstruction quality when using only the spatial distribution of concepts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.154, 0.885, 0.332]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 183, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This approach guides the Feature Decoder block to focus on the concept component of $x_{\\text {latent}}$ and also encourages the Encoder Middle to learn to detect relevant concepts within input images.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7100000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.154, 0.885, 0.332]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 184, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Another key aspect of concept detection is its invariance to specific styles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.342, 0.885, 0.48]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This means that two different (augmented)views of the same medical image should produce the same concept maps, despite variations in their visual appearances.Pixel-level and texture differences should be captured by$x_{\\text {y}}$, while more complex anatomical structures should be encoded in $x_{\\text {concept}}$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.342, 0.885, 0.48]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To guide this behavior during training, we introduced a Concept consistency loss, illustrated with orange in Figure 2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.342, 0.885, 0.48]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The Concept Discretizer block first computes a grid of concept probabilities, from which it generates a spatial grid of sampled concept indices.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.342, 0.885, 0.48]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Following this, the concept maps from augmented views should be equivalent, even if the augmentations involve translations, rotations, or other spatial shifts (We use equivalent instead of identical because augmentations like translations, rotations, and shearing can spatially shift the placement of concepts within the image.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.342, 0.885, 0.48]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Nevertheless, the correspondences between the initial and shifted locations are known,and they can be used to enforce similarity between $p(c)\\vert \\mathcal {I}_{\\text {orig}}$and$\\left.p(c)\\vert \\mathcal {I}_{\\text {augm}}\\right)$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.342, 0.885, 0.48]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The EMA Encoder Stem, EMA Encoder Middle, and the EMA Concept Discretizer are used to compute the target prob-ability distributions $p_{ema}(c)$ for the concept consistency loss:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.487, 0.885, 0.65]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$\\mathcal {L}_{cc}=-p_{ma}(c)\\ln p(c)$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.487, 0.885, 0.65]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The EMA concept probability map$p_{ma}$(c) is computed on an augmented view of the initial input image which incorporates transformations such as rotations, translations, shearings, zooming, gamma contrast changing and Gaussian blurring.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.487, 0.885, 0.65]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 193, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since these operations can alter positions, we must account for the spatial mapping between $p(c)$ and $p_{ema}(c)$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.487, 0.885, 0.65]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 194, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To simplify this and avoid op-timization noise due to imperfect mapping, each augmentation procedure selects a random location uniformly, and all image operations are performed relative to this point.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.487, 0.885, 0.65]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 195, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The result includes a tuple of the augmented input image$\\mathcal {I}_{u}$gm,an initial location$l_{ij}$, and the equivalent location$l_{i^{\\prime }j^{\\prime }}$after all operations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.487, 0.885, 0.65]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 196, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In our implementation of$\\mathcal {L}_{cc}$we indexed only the grid positions of the spatial locations$l_{ij}$and$_{i^{\\prime }j^{\\prime }}$ from $p(c)$ and $p_{ema}(c)$ ,respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.487, 0.885, 0.65]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 197, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore,only one pair of grid locations (containing the concept probability distributions) is used per each sample inside a training batch.We use the EMA blocks instead of the model blocks to prevent feedback loops that could lead to collapsing concept probabilities (e.g., always detecting the same concept).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7300000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.487, 0.885, 0.65]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 198, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "An additional constraint$\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {stye}}$was imposed on$x_{\\text {tyle}}$to ensure it has unit covariance and zero mean along the channel (style) dimension (illustrated with green in Figure 2).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.657, 0.885, 0.725]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 199, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Specifically,when$x_{\\text {yl}}$is flattened across across batches $(B)$,height $H$ and width $(M)$ if forms a matrix of shape shape $(S,BHW)$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.657, 0.885, 0.725]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This matrix must have a row-wise mean of $0$, a row-wise standard deviation of 1, and zero correlation between rows.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.657, 0.885, 0.725]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This constraint ensures that$_{\\text {yl}}$has independent components with a known range of values, discussed in details in Section 5.5.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7400000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.657, 0.885, 0.725]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 202, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To control the deviation of$p(c)\\vert \\mathcal {I}$ from $p_{0}(c)$, we use two priors.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.732, 0.885, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 203, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Without enforcing these priors during training,the entropy of$p_{ij}(c)$would be minimized, canceling the effect of concept sampling and reducing the model's operation$($ $)$to a deterministic auto-encoder.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.732, 0.885, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 204, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Consequently, the concept probability grid$p$ $\\vert\\mathcal{I}$would lose much of its semantic significance, reverting to a regular discrete latent variable instead of encoding high-level semantics into a fixed set of concept probabilities.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.732, 0.885, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 205, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This, in turn, would constrain the functionality of the concept consistency loss.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.732, 0.885, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 206, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We employ two types of priors: at the grid-location level and at image level.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.732, 0.885, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 207, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since we are modeling echocardiographies,these images typically feature an ultrasound cone centered within a surrounding black background.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.732, 0.885, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 208, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The grid-location level prior is computed as follows: for grid locations inside the ultrasound cone, the prior is a uniform distribution over the last$C-1$concepts,with the first concept having zero mass (as we always designate the first concept to model the background).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.732, 0.885, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 209, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For grid locations outside the cone, the prior assigns all probability mass to the first concept.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.732, 0.885, 0.87]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 210, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The KL-divergence$\\mathcal {D}_{KL}\\left(p(c)\\vert \\mathcal {I}\\\\ vertp_{0}(c)\\right)$ is computed at all grid locations and averaged across the $(B,H,W)$dimen-sions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.878, 0.885, 0.905]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 211, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the image-level prior loss it is assumed that only the first concept should be detected outside the cone,with a", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.878, 0.885, 0.905]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 212, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7700000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.936, 0.506, 0.949]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 213, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7700000, "bbox": [[0.171, 0.045, 0.829, 0.058]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 214, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "uniform spread of concepts inside the cone across all samples in the current batch.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.094, 0.885, 0.136]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 215, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Therefore, the concept probability vectors of all grid locations inside and outside the echo cones are averaged across all samples in the batch to obtain two image-level concept prevalence vectors:$d_{\\text {cone}}(c)$ for the cone region and$_{bg}(c)$for thebackground.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.094, 0.885, 0.136]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 216, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The KL-divergence loss with the same priors is used for these concept prevalence vectors.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.141, 0.885, 0.196]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 217, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Equation (2) formalizes the final prior loss$\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {pio}},$where1c(b,i,j)is an indicator function that equals 1 if location $i,j$ in sample $b$ of the current batch pertains to an ultrasound cone.$N_{\\text {co}}$and$N_{g}$are the total numbers of cone and background grid locations inside current batch, respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7800000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.141, 0.885, 0.196]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 218, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {prior}1}=\\sum _{b,i,j}\\frac {α_{1}}{N_{\\text {cone}}}\\mathcal {D}_{KL}\\left(p_{bij}(c)\\vert \\mathcal {I}\\\\ vertp_{0}^{\\text {cone}}(c)\\right)\\mathbf {1}_{c}(b,i,j)$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 7900000, "bbox": [[0.307, 0.218, 0.698, 0.251]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 219, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$+\\frac {α_{2}}{N_{bg}}\\mathcal {D}_{KL}\\left(p_{bij}(c)\\vert \\mathcal {I}\\\\ vertp_{0}^{bg}(c)\\right)\\left(1-\\mathbf {1}_{c}(b,i,j)\\right)$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8000000, "bbox": [[0.382, 0.256, 0.7, 0.285]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 220, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$d_{\\text {cone}}(c)=\\frac {1}{N_{\\text {cone}}}\\sum _{b,i,j}\\left(p_{bij}(c)\\vert \\mathcal {I}\\right)\\mathbf {1}_{c}(b,i,j)$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8100000, "bbox": [[0.3, 0.284, 0.587, 0.326]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 221, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$d_{bg}(c)=\\frac {1}{N_{bg}}\\sum _{b,i,j}\\left(p_{bij}(c)\\vert \\mathcal {I}\\right)\\left(1-\\mathbf {1}_{c}(b,i,j)\\right)$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8200000, "bbox": [[0.314, 0.325, 0.611, 0.365]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 222, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {prior}2}=α_{3}\\mathcal {D}_{KL}\\left(d_{\\text {cone}}(c)\\\\ vertp_{0}^{\\text {cone}}(c)\\right)$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8300000, "bbox": [[0.307, 0.363, 0.573, 0.388]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 223, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$+α_{4}\\mathcal {D}_{KL}\\left(d_{bg}(c)\\\\ vertp_{0}^{bg}(c)\\right)$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8400000, "bbox": [[0.382, 0.386, 0.564, 0.404]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 224, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {prior}}=\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {prior}1}+\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {prior}2}\\tag{2}$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8500000, "bbox": [[0.314, 0.405, 0.883, 0.424]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 225, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To discourage overly granular concept maps, where sampled concepts change frequently between adjacent grid lo-cation, we use a Concept cluster loss$\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {clu}}$, depicted in orange in Figure 2).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.436, 0.885, 0.569]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 226, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Overly granular concepts are un-desirable because we want concepts to represent larger anatomical structures spanning multiple grid locations rather than smaller, granular pixel patterns.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.436, 0.885, 0.569]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 227, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To enforce it, we use the one-hot vectors produced by the Concept Discretizer block.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.436, 0.885, 0.569]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 228, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We compute spatial derivatives between adjacent one-hot vectors along the width and height dimensions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.436, 0.885, 0.569]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 229, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "If two adjacent locations share the same sampled concept their one-hot vectors are identical, resulting in a null spatial derivative.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.436, 0.885, 0.569]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 230, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Otherwise, the sampled concepts differ, leading to different one-hot vectors and a nonzero spatial deriva-tive.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.436, 0.885, 0.569]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 231, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By minimizing the mean square of the spatial derivative, we reduce the number of spatial transitions between sampled concepts,thereby creating larger concept \"islands”.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.436, 0.885, 0.569]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 232, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The mean is taken only over grid-locations pertaining to ultrasound cones.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.436, 0.885, 0.569]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 233, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The final loss function is a weighted sum of the described sub-losses, as shown in Equation (3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.579, 0.885, 0.621]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 234, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Here,$_{c}(x$denotes the feature computed by the Feature Decoder block based on its input $x$, and $\\mathcal {I}_{\\text {rc}}\\left(\\left[x_{\\text {cocpt}}x_{\\text {ty}}\\right]\\right)$represents the reconstructed image based on latent space components $x_{\\text {concept}}$ and $x_{\\text {style}}.$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8700000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.579, 0.885, 0.621]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 235, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$\\mathcal {L}=\\beta _{1}\\mathcal {L}_{img}\\left(\\mathcal {I}_{\\text {rec}}\\left(x_{\\text {stem}}\\right),\\mathcal {I}\\right)+$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.297, 0.625, 0.502, 0.641]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 236, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$\\beta _{2}\\mathcal {L}_{img}\\left(\\mathcal {I}_{\\text {rec}}\\left(\\left[x_{\\text {concept}},x_{\\text {style}}\\right]\\right),\\mathcal {I}\\right)+$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8800000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.643, 0.571, 0.66]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 237, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$\\beta _{3}\\mathcal {L}_{img}\\left(\\mathcal {I}_{\\text {rec}}\\left(\\left[x_{\\text {concept}},x_{\\text {style}}:=0\\right]\\right),\\mathcal {I}_{\\text {blurred}}\\right)+$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.66, 0.649, 0.678]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 238, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "$$\\beta _{4}\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {feat}}\\left(f_{\\text {dec}}\\left(\\left[x_{\\text {concept}},x_{\\text {style}}\\right]\\right),f_{\\text {stem}}(\\mathcal {I})\\right)+$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.678, 0.626, 0.695]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 239, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "$$\\beta _{5}\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {feat}}\\left(f_{\\text {dec}}\\left(\\left[x_{\\text {concept}},x_{\\text {style}}:=0\\right]\\right),f_{\\text {stem}}\\left(\\mathcal {I}_{\\text {blurred}}\\right)\\right)+\\tag{3}$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.695, 0.885, 0.713]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 240, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "$$\\beta _{6}\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {style}}\\left(x_{\\text {style}}\\right)+$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.713, 0.45, 0.73]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 241, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "$$\\beta _{7}\\mathcal {L}_{cc}\\left(p(c)\\vert \\mathcal {I},p_{ema}(c)\\vert \\mathcal {I}_{\\text {augm}}\\right)+$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.73, 0.543, 0.747]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 242, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$\\beta _{8}\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {prior}}(p(c)\\vert \\mathcal {I})+$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.748, 0.455, 0.765]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 243, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "$$\\beta _{9}\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {cluster}}\\left(x_{\\text {concept}}\\right)$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 8900000, "bbox": [[0.326, 0.766, 0.464, 0.783]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 244, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "3.3 Pre-Training Data and Hyper-Parameters", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9000000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.799, 0.445, 0.808]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 245, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To pre-train ConceptVAE, we used 72,500 frames extracted from 7500 echocardiography video acquisitions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.824, 0.85, 0.833]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 246, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The dataset consisted exclusively of 2D B-mode echocardiographies featuring apical or short-axis views.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9100000, "bbox": [[0.85, 0.824, 0.881, 0.833], [0.117, 0.839, 0.772, 0.847]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 247, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We used the AdamW optimizer with a constant learning rate of$10^{-4}$, a batch size of 64 images, and a weight decay of$5x10^{-3}$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.857, 0.884, 0.911]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 248, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "During training, we apply random image augmentations using the following transformations: rotation,translation, shearing, zooming, gamma contrast adjustment, and Gaussian blurring.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.857, 0.884, 0.911]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 249, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Pre-training is performed until convergence, which is equivalent to the loss function no longer varying significantly.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.857, 0.884, 0.911]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 250, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9300000, "bbox": [[0.494, 0.936, 0.506, 0.948]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 251, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9300000, "bbox": [[0.169, 0.045, 0.829, 0.058]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 252, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "4 Latent Space and Qualitative Analysis", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9400000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.092, 0.465, 0.103]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 253, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "Upon convergence, the pre-trained model can be qualitatively analysed by examining the inferred concept probability maps for test images.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.124, 0.885, 0.189]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 254, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A straightforward method to implement this involves selecting the most likely concept at each grid location$\\left(c_{ij}=\\arg \\right.$ $\\left.\\max p_{ij}(c)\\right)$and overlaying the up-sampled concept indices grid onto the initial input images,as in Figure 3.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.124, 0.885, 0.189]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 255, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The probability of the most likely concept$p\\left(c_{ij}\\right)=\\max p(c)$at each location $i,j$ can be incorporated in the vvisualisations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.124, 0.885, 0.189]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 256, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By examining a random selection of samples illustrated in Figure 3, we can make the following initial observations:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9600000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.2, 0.869, 0.209]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 257, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "·The prior constraint, which requires regions outside the cone to be modeled solely by the first concept(i.e.,the background concept at index 0) is generally respected.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9700000, "bbox": [[0.161, 0.23, 0.883, 0.237], [0.176, 0.242, 0.563, 0.251]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 258, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Exceptions occur at grid locations in the cone's proximity,particularly at the boundaries between the cone and thebackground.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9700000, "bbox": [[0.563, 0.242, 0.882, 0.251], [0.176, 0.258, 0.705, 0.265]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 259, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "As these are transition re-gions, they are not particularly concerning, since the model's confidence is expected to be low for such re-gions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9700000, "bbox": [[0.705, 0.258, 0.882, 0.262], [0.182, 0.271, 0.881, 0.277], [0.176, 0.285, 0.217, 0.292]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 260, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "·Certain concepts are specialized for specific anatomical structures.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9800000, "bbox": [[0.159, 0.302, 0.885, 0.354]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 261, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, concept $c_{11}$ models blood pools within the cone, concept$c_{1}$ represents the Left Ventricle (LV) free wall on the right hand size of the cone, concepts $c_{5}$and $c_{7}$ correspond to septum walls, and concept$c_{6}$ covers the right-heart side of the cone,among others.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9800000, "bbox": [[0.159, 0.302, 0.885, 0.354]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 262, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "·Certain concepts, such as e.g.,$c_{13}$ and$c_{14}$appear more isolated and spanning a single grid location.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.16, 0.362, 0.883, 0.415]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 263, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "By qual-itatively assessing multiple input samples, we hypothesise these concepts encode information about the local anatomical shapes of nearby larger concept islands.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.16, 0.362, 0.883, 0.415]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 264, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It appears these concepts have larger confidence assigned to them than the average confidence inside larger concept islands.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.16, 0.362, 0.883, 0.415]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 265, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We term them modifier concepts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 9900000, "bbox": [[0.16, 0.362, 0.883, 0.415]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 266, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To qualitatively evaluate the impact of modifier concepts, the greedy concept map of the middle image of Figure 3 is modified in two ways, by swapping 2 modifier and 2 normal concepts:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.432, 0.885, 0.526]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 267, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " first, (i) the modifier concepts$c_{13}$and$c_{14}$are swapped and the image is reconstructed without any style component$\\left(x_{\\text {st}}=0\\right)$and (ii) starting from the greedy map,concepts$c_{5}$and$c_{1}$are now swapped and the image is reconstructed in the same manner(with$\\left.x_{\\text {tyl}}:=0\\right)$The effects are illustrated in Figure 4: in the former case only minor shape modifications are observed around the grid locations where concept swaps were done.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.432, 0.885, 0.526]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 268, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the latter case, the effect is more significant, as it appears that the LV free wall changed place with the septum.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10000000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.432, 0.885, 0.526]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 269, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "While modifier concepts seem to function primarily in a styling role, it is important to note that the Feature Decoder block processes$kxk$regions of adjacent concept locations to reconstruct the low-level image features$x_{\\text {stem}}$.This means that neighboring concepts cooperate to form larger and more complex anatomical structures.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.535, 0.885, 0.643]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 270, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Modifier concepts are not devoid of semantic meaning, as our experiments showed that replacing a specialized anatomical concept like $c_{1}$with a modifier concept still yields similar reconstructions, albeit with slight alterations in shape and/or region brightness patterns.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.535, 0.885, 0.643]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 271, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, although reconstructing images based solely on $x_{\\text {concept}}$ may produce rough outlines of echocardiographies, suggesting that concepts only encode basic brightness blobs, we later show that the concept probability grid contains rich semantics that can be used in tasks such as instance retrieval (Section 5.1).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10100000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.535, 0.885, 0.643]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 272, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The region size$k$ influences the operation and semantics of concepts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.65, 0.885, 0.681]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 273, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In the extreme case of$=1$,there is no concept cooperation and to match$\\mathcal {I}_{\\text {rc}}\\left(\\left[x_{\\text {cocpt}},x_{\\text {tyl}}:=0\\right]\\right)$with$\\mathcal {I}_{\\text {blurred}}$,concepts may be incentivised to encode blurred", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.65, 0.885, 0.681]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 274, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.703, 0.366, 0.86]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 275, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.37, 0.703, 0.621, 0.86]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 276, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10300000, "bbox": [[0.623, 0.705, 0.873, 0.859]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 277, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 3: Concept maps for three randomly sampled inputs. The$16x$-stride concept grid is up-sampled to the original image size. The indices of the most likely concept for each grid location are displayed in red at the bottom-left of each location. The grid is color-coded according to concept indices for better visualisation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10400000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.867, 0.885, 0.907]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 278, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.493, 0.936, 0.506, 0.948]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 279, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.169, 0.045, 0.83, 0.059]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 280, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.121, 0.09, 0.372, 0.243]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 281, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.374, 0.09, 0.624, 0.245]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 282, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10500000, "bbox": [[0.628, 0.09, 0.877, 0.244]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 283, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 4: Effect of concept swapping. The left image is the reconstruction based only on the greedy concept map (with$\\left.x_{\\text {l}}=0\\right)$. The middle reconstruction illustrates the effect of swapping 2 modifier concepts, while the right reconstruction illustrates big changes induced by swapping two anatomy-specific concepts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10600000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.253, 0.885, 0.294]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 284, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "pixel patterns instead of semantic content.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.324, 0.885, 0.418]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 285, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "At the other extreme, where $k$ equals the grid size, each grid location has a full receptivefield of view, meaning it can observe the concepts from all other grid locations, regardless of distances (similar to a self-attention layer [24]).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.324, 0.885, 0.418]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 286, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This can be undesirable because the model may rely on non-local relations between concept placements instead of embedding semantic content within each concept.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.324, 0.885, 0.418]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 287, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "It would also hinder the extraction of local region descriptors, making it impossible to describe the content of an image crop without retaining the entire concept grid.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.324, 0.885, 0.418]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 288, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Consequently, tasks such as region-based instance retrieval would be challenging, as it would not be clear how to construct descriptors focused on specific image regions.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.324, 0.885, 0.418]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 289, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We employed$k=5$,meaning the receptive field of view before the up-sampling layers inside the Feature Decoder block $5x5$grid locations of x$\\left.x_{\\text {latent}}\\right)$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.427, 0.885, 0.495]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 290, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The rationale is that $k$ should be large enough to allow $\\mathcal {I}_{\\text {ec}}\\left(\\left[x_{\\text {concept}}\\right.\\right.$ $\\left.\\left.x_{\\text {tyle}}:=0\\right]\\right)$to have smooth pixel-level transitions between adjacent concepts and thus be close to $\\mathcal {I}_{\\text {blurred}},$but small enough to enable the construction of granular region descriptors and prevent the model from ex-ploiting non-local relations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10800000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.427, 0.885, 0.495]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 291, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "5 Quantitative Model Analysis", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 10900000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.52, 0.39, 0.53]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 292, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "To assess the representation power of the model's latent space, its suitability as a general pre-training method, and the extent of content-style disentanglement, we employ a linear evaluation protocol tailored to SSL (e.g., [18,19,40]) on several distinct tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11000000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.552, 0.881, 0.56], [0.116, 0.568, 0.881, 0.574], [0.118, 0.582, 0.257, 0.588]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 293, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For comparison, we used a baseline model trained with Vicreg [20], featuring a ResNet50 encoder and a lightweight RefineNet decoder [41] for dense tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.6, 0.882, 0.609], [0.118, 0.614, 0.383, 0.622]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 294, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This model was pre-trained using the same dataset and configuration (e.g.,image sizes) as ConceptVAE (Section 3.3).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.383, 0.614, 0.883, 0.623], [0.117, 0.629, 0.399, 0.636]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 295, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For all following evaluation tasks, weused the output of the second to last ResNet stage as the baseline latent space (as it has the same output stride as our proposed model).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11100000, "bbox": [[0.399, 0.629, 0.884, 0.636], [0.117, 0.641, 0.754, 0.65]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 296, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The linear evaluation protocol involved freezing the backbone and training only a linear layer on top of the frozen embeddings for specific tasks ranging from object detection to semantic segmentation or OOD detection, as detailed in the following sections.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11200000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.662, 0.881, 0.671], [0.117, 0.679, 0.881, 0.685], [0.117, 0.691, 0.283, 0.699]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 297, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "5.1 Region-Based Instance Retrieval", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11300000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.722, 0.381, 0.731]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 298, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Region-based instance retrieval involves searching a database of images for similar samples using only localized descriptors, such as pathologies or anomalies.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11400000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.748, 0.88, 0.758], [0.117, 0.763, 0.42, 0.771]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 299, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These methods can aid in clinical diagnosis, medical research,trainee education, and support other tasks by quickly identifying patients with similar anomalies, even when a diagnosis is not yet established [36, 42].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11400000, "bbox": [[0.42, 0.763, 0.881, 0.771], [0.117, 0.778, 0.882, 0.785], [0.118, 0.792, 0.301, 0.798]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 300, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "SSL methods are the most prevalent and effective, using the embeddings of a pre-trained model to cluster images and retrieve those most similar to a query image using nearest neighbors search [43].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11400000, "bbox": [[0.301, 0.792, 0.88, 0.799], [0.118, 0.806, 0.829, 0.812]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 301, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To use ConceptVAE for this task, we generate image region descriptors by concatenating the$5x5$concept probability vectors from a$5x5$sub-grid centered around a selected query point.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.822, 0.883, 0.852]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 302, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The sub-grid provides context for the query point.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.822, 0.883, 0.852]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 303, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Using an input image of size (256, 320), the concept grid has an output stride of 16, resulting in a size of (16,20)concepts.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.857, 0.885, 0.91]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 304, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "From each test image, we extract an array of (14, 18) key points (i.e., all points with a complete$5x$neighborhood).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.857, 0.885, 0.91]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 305, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Since the model was trained with 16 concepts and the descriptor uses $2$ $5x5$grid,each descriptor is a vector of size 400.For the baseline model, a similar searching mechanism was used, but the region descriptor was the", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.857, 0.885, 0.91]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 306, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11700000, "bbox": [[0.491, 0.937, 0.509, 0.948]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 307, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11700000, "bbox": [[0.171, 0.045, 0.829, 0.058]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 308, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "feature vector of a$1x1$feature map grid location.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.093, 0.885, 0.119]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 309, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A single grid location is sufficient for this model, since its feature representation is computed in a continuous manner, without discrete variables, with a sufficiently large field of view.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.093, 0.885, 0.119]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 310, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For instance retrieval, nearest-neighbor matching based on the Euclidean distance between descriptors can be em-ployed.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.129, 0.881, 0.138], [0.118, 0.145, 0.169, 0.151]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 311, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Initially, we conduict a qualitative analysis by randomly sampling images from the test set and manually se-lecting specific query points to analyze the results.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.169, 0.145, 0.879, 0.152], [0.118, 0.157, 0.449, 0.165]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 312, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The descriptors corresponding to these selected query points were then used to search the database and retrieve samples with regions similar to the query points.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.449, 0.157, 0.881, 0.165], [0.118, 0.17, 0.73, 0.179]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 313, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Figure 5 showcases six randomly sampled examples, which illustrate that the retrieved image regions align well with the query semantics.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.73, 0.17, 0.881, 0.179], [0.117, 0.187, 0.857, 0.193]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 314, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example,the retrieved regions share the same cardiac chamber and view as the query points.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.857, 0.187, 0.882, 0.193], [0.117, 0.2, 0.714, 0.206]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 315, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, the anatomical structures around the matched locations are visually similar to those in the query points.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11800000, "bbox": [[0.714, 0.2, 0.882, 0.206], [0.118, 0.213, 0.69, 0.22]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 316, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the retrieval task, the search is based solely on the concept descriptors This approach ensures that the retrieval process focuses on the semantic content rather than stylistic variations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 11900000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.232, 0.882, 0.241], [0.117, 0.248, 0.579, 0.254]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 317, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To quantitatively analyse this task, we use an independent test set of 450 images, totalling 113,400 region descriptors $(14·18·450)$ .Performing nearest neighbor search on this space is very fast.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12000000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.266, 0.885, 0.388]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 318, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The set includes four echocardiographic views (apical 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber views, and a short-axis view), with frames captured at end-diastole (ED) and end-systole (ES).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12000000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.266, 0.885, 0.388]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 319, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the apical views, LV contour annotations were available, from which we extracted five key landmark points: left and right annulus, apex, mid-septum, and mid-free-wall.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12000000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.266, 0.885, 0.388]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 320, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We exploit these annotations to setup a retrieval tasks for these landmark points.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12000000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.266, 0.885, 0.388]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 321, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In total, there were 150 ED apical frames, each with five locations used as query points.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12000000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.266, 0.885, 0.388]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 322, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The search pool consisted of all 225 ES frames from all views, including the short-axis view.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12000000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.266, 0.885, 0.388]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 323, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "A retrieval is considered a match if it corresponds to the ES image of the ED query and if the retrieved location is adjacent to the annotated landmark point.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12000000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.266, 0.885, 0.388]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 324, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We present the results in Table 1,which shows the Mean Average Precision (mAP) metrics for both models, computed using the top-5 search results.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12100000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.397, 0.88, 0.406], [0.117, 0.414, 0.313, 0.42]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 325, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We observe that ConceptVAE demonstrates more than double the performance of the baseline without any retraining, revealing two important observations about ConceptVAE:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12100000, "bbox": [[0.313, 0.414, 0.881, 0.42], [0.117, 0.426, 0.702, 0.434]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 326, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "·The concept probability grid indeed encodes semantic content and thus $x_{\\text {concept}}$ functions as a spatial ar-rangement of concepts, which for ConceptVAE are defined as composable higher-level discrete features.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12200000, "bbox": [[0.16, 0.449, 0.883, 0.473]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 327, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "·ConceptVAE shows promising results for zero-shot instance retrieval based on local-region queries, unlike more traditional approaches that operate at the image level and need additional fine-tuning.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12300000, "bbox": [[0.161, 0.482, 0.881, 0.489], [0.176, 0.497, 0.769, 0.503]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 328, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 1: Region-based instance retrieval mAP metric values.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12400000, "bbox": [[0.301, 0.532, 0.699, 0.545]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 329, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12500000, "bbox": [[0.347, 0.549, 0.652, 0.676]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 330, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "5.2 Semantic Segmentation", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12600000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.7, 0.317, 0.71]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 331, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The second task we employ is semantic segmentation, where features from the pre-trained models are projected to match a down-sampled ground-truth mask.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12700000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.725, 0.882, 0.735], [0.118, 0.742, 0.399, 0.749]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 332, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For this task, we use five labels corresponding to heart chambers: left and right ventricles and atria in apical views (A2C, A3C, and A4C views) and the left ventricle in the short-axis (SAX)view.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12700000, "bbox": [[0.399, 0.742, 0.882, 0.748], [0.117, 0.755, 0.882, 0.763], [0.117, 0.769, 0.151, 0.776]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 333, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Starting with frozen model latent codes, a linear 2D convolutional kernel is fitted to predict low-resolution (stride $16x)$segmentation maps.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12800000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.787, 0.885, 0.853]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 334, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Channel-wise softmax activation is applied on top of the predicted linear logits, as shown in Equation(4).Here,$p_{ij}(s$represents the probability that location $i,j$to contain chamber $S$,$x_{\\text {ipu}}$is the frozen latent feature map,and$W_{k}$and $w_{b}$ are the kernel weight matrix and bias vector, respectively, and containing 6 rows for the 5 prediction targets and one background channel.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12800000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.787, 0.885, 0.853]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 335, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$p_{ij}(s)=\\text {Softmax}\\left(W_{k}·x_{\\text {input}}^{ij}+w_{b}\\right)\\tag{4}$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 12900000, "bbox": [[0.369, 0.856, 0.883, 0.878]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 336, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The ground-truth was obtained by down-sampling the full scale chamber masks using the area interpolation method.We perform training on an independent set consisting of 5000 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Region-based instance retrieval using conceptual search. The leftmost column displays query images, while the last three columns show the top-3 kNN retrieval resulIts. Red dots indicate the centers of the query and matched descriptor regions. Below each image, the view and cardias phase are displayed. Matches marked with an asterisk $()$are from the same acquisition as the query image, but from a different cardiac phase.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 13900000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.902, 0.885, 0.956]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 31, "global_sentence_id": 370, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14000000, "bbox": [[0.171, 0.045, 0.829, 0.058]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 371, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "independent test set of 500 samples.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14100000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.093, 0.885, 0.12]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 372, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The Dice loss was employed as in Equation (5), where$p_{ij}$ and$t_{ij}$ are the predicted and target chamber presence probabilities at location $i,j$,respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14100000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.093, 0.885, 0.12]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 373, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {Dice}}=1-\\frac {2\\sum _{i,j}p_{ij}t_{ij}}{\\sum _{i,j}p_{ij}^{2}+t_{ij}^{2}}\\tag{5}$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14200000, "bbox": [[0.405, 0.129, 0.885, 0.164]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 374, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We explore three scenarios:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.178, 0.885, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 375, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": " (i) using only the concepts $x_{\\text {concept}}$ as input, (ii) using the full latent space $\\left(x_{\\text {latent}}=\\right.$ $\\left.\\left[x_{\\text {concp}}x_{\\text {}}\\right]\\right)$as input, and (iii) using only the style map$x_{\\text {style}}$as input.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.178, 0.885, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 376, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also investigate the influence of the linear kernel spatial size $k$ for the Feature decoder block on the evaluation scores, with different ranges,$k\\in \\{1,3,5,7,9\\}$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.178, 0.885, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 377, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To investigate the effect of the proposed training procedure, we first compare with a randomly initialized frozen model.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.178, 0.885, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 378, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The same random seed, dataset and number of linear-classifier optimization iterations were used throughout all scenarios.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14300000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.178, 0.885, 0.258]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 379, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 2 presents the linear evaluation results in terms of Dice Loss, which is equivalent to subtracting the Dice Score from 1.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.267, 0.885, 0.337]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 380, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For both types of models (trained and randomly initialized) and across all$x_{inp}$outsetups,larger values of $k$ result in lower test set losses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.267, 0.885, 0.337]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 381, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is expected, as larger kernels capture more local information, and concepts cooperate locally to form larger anatomical structures.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.267, 0.885, 0.337]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 382, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "When$x_{\\text {input}}$ $:=x_{\\text {latent}}$and the model is trained, the loss decreases only marginally when $k$ exceeds 5 (i.e., the receptive field size used in the Feature Decoder block).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14400000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.267, 0.885, 0.337]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 383, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In al1 scenarios, ConceptVAE achieves lower test losses.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.343, 0.885, 0.466]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 384, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For both models, the lowest losses occur when$x_{\\text {input}}:=$ $x_{\\text {latent}}$ (i.e., both concepts and styles are used for segmentation).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.343, 0.885, 0.466]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 385, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "When using only the concepts from the trained model, the losses are slightly higher but still significantly lower than when using only styles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.343, 0.885, 0.466]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 386, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Additionally, when $x_{\\text {input}}:=x_{\\text {styles}},$the differences between the ConceptVAE and the random-init model are the smallest among all three input scenarios.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.343, 0.885, 0.466]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 387, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This result brings further evidence that $x_{\\text {concept}}$ contains semantic information useful for downstream tasks like segmentation, while:$x_{\\text {y}}$focuses on local stylistic features.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.343, 0.885, 0.466]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 388, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, there are virtually no differences in losses between using only $x_{\\text {concept}}$ or only$x_{\\text {yle}}$for the randomly initialised model, whereas these two scenarios yield substantial differences for ConceptVAE.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.343, 0.885, 0.466]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 389, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This highlights the impact of our proposed unsupervised training framework on the model's ability to separate concepts from styles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14500000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.343, 0.885, 0.466]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 390, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We also evaluate against the Vicreg baseline model using a similar procedure, but only for the$1x1$sized convolutional kernel (details provided in Section 4), and illustrate the outcomes in Table 2.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.473, 0.885, 0.527]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 391, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We note that ConceptVAE, using trained concepts and$5x5$windows or larger, achieves superior Dice metrics.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.473, 0.885, 0.527]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 392, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This highlights the benefits of content-style disentanglement and the model's robustness against feature collapse.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.473, 0.885, 0.527]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 393, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 2: Dice loss on the semantic segmentation test set when using $x_{\\text {concept}}$ only,$x_{\\text {yl}}$only,or $x_{\\text {concept}}$ along with $x_{\\text {style}}$.For each row, the lowest Dice losses are marked with bold.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14700000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.551, 0.883, 0.581]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 394, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14800000, "bbox": [[0.249, 0.582, 0.741, 0.822]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 395, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "5.3 Near-OOD Detection", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 14900000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.847, 0.299, 0.856]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 396, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To assess the proposed model's capability to detect OOD samples, we employed a test set comprising only parasternal long-axis (PLAX) views.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15000000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.872, 0.879, 0.881], [0.118, 0.886, 0.283, 0.895]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 397, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Unlike the test set from Section 5.1, which includes only apical and short-axis acquisitions,this set is considered OOD because, although it contains echocardiographies, the views are different.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15000000, "bbox": [[0.283, 0.886, 0.883, 0.896], [0.118, 0.901, 0.779, 0.909]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 398, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The aim of this", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15000000, "bbox": [[0.779, 0.901, 0.88, 0.908]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 399, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.492, 0.938, 0.509, 0.947]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 400, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.171, 0.045, 0.829, 0.058]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 401, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "analysis is to determine whether the latent space features can differentiate between the two data distributions(i.e.,apical and SAX versus PLAX views).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15100000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.097, 0.884, 0.104], [0.117, 0.111, 0.364, 0.121]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 402, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Most OOD methods are designed to work with supervised classification models (e.g., [44,45]), thus requiring explicit labeling either for in-domain classes or for flagging outlier samples.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.127, 0.885, 0.209]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 403, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "One method that does not require any labels and allows for fast log-likelihood evaluation with respect to the underlying data distribution is Normalising Flows (NFs).To this end, linear NFs [46] were fitted solely on the frozen embeddings of in-distribution data (i.e., apical and SAX views) for both the proposed and baseline models.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.127, 0.885, 0.209]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 404, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The NF took the form of Equation (6),where $x$represents an input derived from the latent space,$y$ is the transformed variable, and $A,b$ are trainable parameters.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.127, 0.885, 0.209]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 405, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$y=Ax+b$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15300000, "bbox": [[0.426, 0.216, 0.511, 0.23]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 406, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$\\ln p(x)=\\ln p_{\\text {prior}}(y)+\\ln \\vert \\text {det}A\\vert\\tag{6}$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15400000, "bbox": [[0.389, 0.232, 0.883, 0.25]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 407, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$p_{\\text {prior}}(y)=\\mathcal {N}(y\\vert \\mathbf {0},I)$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15500000, "bbox": [[0.375, 0.25, 0.526, 0.268]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 408, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For ConceptVAE,$x$ is formed by concatenating a$5x5$window of concept probabilities, excluding the style compo-nent.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.278, 0.885, 0.375]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 409, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the baseline model, $x$ is the feature embedding of a single location from the latent space feature grid.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.278, 0.885, 0.375]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 410, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For all spatial locations corresponding to ultrasound cones within the latent space grid, and for all training data, the region$($ $)$descriptors $x$ were extracted and fed into the NF to maximize lnp $p$ for in-distribution data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.278, 0.885, 0.375]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 411, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The same training data as in Section 5.2 was used to fit the NFs (i.e., only apical and SAX views).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.278, 0.885, 0.375]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 412, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "After the NFs converged, an image-level score was computed for each test sample by averaging the $\\ln p(x)$ scores for all grid locations pertaining to the ultrasound cone.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.278, 0.885, 0.375]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 413, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Two sets of image-level scores were computed, one for in-distribution apical and SAX views and one for OOD PLAX views.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.382, 0.885, 0.422]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 414, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "ROC curves were used to assess the score separability between the two sets using ConceptVAE and the Vicreg baseline (Figure 6).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.382, 0.885, 0.422]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 415, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "ConceptVAE has an area-under-curve of 0.753, being $10\\%$larger than the baseline (with 0.655).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15700000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.382, 0.885, 0.422]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 416, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In contrast to the proposed ConceptVAE, the baseline model had access to PLAX data during its development (as we used a vast collection of many echocardiography types to pretrain the baseline model, following common practices for classical self-supervized pretraining regarding datasetsizes and variability, therefore the PLAX view is not OOD for the baseline model.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15800000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.431, 0.885, 0.539]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 417, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Also, the contrastive objective used for developing the baseline model should promote feature clustering w.r.t.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15800000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.431, 0.885, 0.539]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 418, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "data sub-groups (e.g., anatomical views).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15800000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.431, 0.885, 0.539]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 419, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Despite this fact,ConceptVAE produces local embeddings that are more separable between echocardiographic views (even near-$OOD$ ones), again indicating a reduction of feature collapse due to the content-style disentanglement.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15800000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.431, 0.885, 0.539]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 420, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This behavior of embeddings separability even for near-OOD data does not usually manifest for regular deep-neural networks [47].", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15800000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.431, 0.885, 0.539]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 421, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "5.4 Aortic Valve Detection", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 15900000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.558, 0.31, 0.567]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 422, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To further evaluate the generalization capability of ConceptVAE, we aim to detect latent space grid locations corre-sponding to the aortic valve (AV) region in views not used during pre-training (i.e., PLAX).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16000000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.583, 0.882, 0.589], [0.118, 0.6, 0.721, 0.605]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 423, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Similarly to Section 5.2,for this task we train a linear convolutional layer on top of frozen embeddings to perform a proxy object detection task.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16000000, "bbox": [[0.721, 0.6, 0.882, 0.607], [0.117, 0.611, 0.882, 0.62]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 424, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16100000, "bbox": [[0.291, 0.645, 0.714, 0.858]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 425, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 6: The ROC curves comparison between ConceptVAE and the Vicreg baseline model, for distinguishing in-distribution echocardiographic views from OOD PLAX ones. ConceptVAE has an AuROC score of 0.753, while the Vicreg baseline has an AuROC of 0.655.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16200000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.867, 0.885, 0.906]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 426, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.492, 0.938, 0.509, 0.947]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 427, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16300000, "bbox": [[0.171, 0.045, 0.829, 0.058]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 428, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Each testing sample has a bounding box annotation around the AV along with a label indicating if it's open or closed (depending on the cardiac phase depicted in the test image).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16400000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.094, 0.885, 0.174]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 429, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We downsized the bounding boxes to the output stride of the latent space and used an overlap threshold $t$ to determine the objectness [48] of each latent space grid location,i.e.,if the down-sampled bounding box overlaps a grid location with a ratio larger than $t$ then that grid location objectness is set as 1, otherwise 0.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16400000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.094, 0.885, 0.174]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 430, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, for each object grid location the newly added convolutional layer also predicts the AV state (open or closed).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16400000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.094, 0.885, 0.174]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 431, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For ConceptVAE, the input to the linear layer isa$5x5$window of both concept probabilities and associated styles for the concepts having the highest probability.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16500000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.182, 0.885, 0.251]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 432, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The output consists of 3 channels, one for classifying objectness and the other two for classifying the AV state.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16500000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.182, 0.885, 0.251]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 433, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For the baseline Vicreg model, the setup is similar, but the input is the feature vector of a 1x1 latent space grid location (see Section 4 for details).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16500000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.182, 0.885, 0.251]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 434, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Balanced binary cross-entropy losses are employed to train both objectives (i.e., detection and labeling).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16500000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.182, 0.885, 0.251]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 435, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The results are illustrated in Table 3.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.259, 0.885, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 436, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "The mAP scores are close (with the baseline slightly better by $1.6\\%$ mAP),while the objectiveness AP is much larger for our proposed model$(+12\\%)$.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.259, 0.885, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 437, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This is because our model does a better job in locating Aortic Valve grid positions, but somewhat lags in correctly classifying the AV state for the detected AV locations.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.259, 0.885, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 438, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We hypothesise that locating the AV can be done by analyzing concepts (e.g., exploiting a linear separability of concept probabilities w.r.t.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.259, 0.885, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 439, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "AV presence) while the AV state can be inferred from the style component of the latent space.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.259, 0.885, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 440, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To test this, we trained a new linear layer only on the concept components of the latent space and observe a severe degradation in label classification performance while retaining the objectness classification performance.The previous section revealed that the detected concepts on the near-OoD PLAX views are still descriptive of the image's semantics; however, the style component may not fully capture all relevant fine details, since the proposed model was not trained on PLAX views as opposed to the baseline model.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16600000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.259, 0.885, 0.395]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 4, "global_sentence_id": 441, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Table 3: Mean average precision scores for object detection on PLAX views.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16700000, "bbox": [[0.247, 0.421, 0.751, 0.432]]}]}, "tags": ["table_caption"], "label": "table_title", "web_segment_id": 5, "global_sentence_id": 442, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "table", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16800000, "bbox": [[0.319, 0.438, 0.68, 0.544]]}]}, "tags": ["table"], "label": "table", "web_segment_id": 6, "global_sentence_id": 443, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "5.5 Style-Based Synthetic Data Generation", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 16900000, "bbox": [[0.116, 0.571, 0.424, 0.58]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 7, "global_sentence_id": 444, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We further explore how style information can be used to generate synthetic data.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.597, 0.885, 0.649]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 445, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Such data can be valuable for creating inputs conditioned by patient attributes, such as generating images with more textured walls.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.597, 0.885, 0.649]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 446, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "To achieve this, we leverage the known range of$x_{\\text {l}}$(since the constraint$\\mathcal {L}_{\\text {l}}$is enforced during training), and investigate style-based image generation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.597, 0.885, 0.649]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 447, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This involIves adding Gaussian noise at various levels $\\beta$ as described in Equation (7):", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.597, 0.885, 0.649]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 8, "global_sentence_id": 448, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$n\\sim \\mathcal {N}(\\mathbf {0},I)$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17100000, "bbox": [[0.455, 0.658, 0.543, 0.674]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 9, "global_sentence_id": 449, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "$$x_{\\text {style}}^{}=\\frac {x_{\\text {style}}+\\beta n}{\\sqrt {1+\\beta ^{2}}}\\tag{7}$$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17200000, "bbox": [[0.426, 0.678, 0.885, 0.712]]}]}, "tags": ["equation"], "label": "formula", "web_segment_id": 10, "global_sentence_id": 450, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "where$\\beta$ controls the amount of noise injected into$x_{\\text {style}}^{}$", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17300000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.72, 0.492, 0.736]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 11, "global_sentence_id": 451, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "WVe then reconstruct the image using these style attributes.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17400000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.741, 0.885, 0.809]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 452, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Randomly sampled reconstructions w.r.t.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17400000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.741, 0.885, 0.809]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 453, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "multiple $\\beta$ (reusing the same sampled $n$) are illustrated in Figure 7, while Figure 8 illustrates reconstructions with multiple noise samplings $n_{k}$ $\\sim \\mathcal {N}(\\mathbf {0}\\bar {I}$and fixed$\\beta =0.$ $3$ .", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17400000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.741, 0.885, 0.809]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 454, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "We observe that even with relatively high $\\beta$ values, the reconstructions closely resemble the unaltered concepts, while the image textures are modified (with minimal changes to anatomical structures in terms of their shape or placement).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17400000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.741, 0.885, 0.809]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 455, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This leads to the following observations:", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17400000, "bbox": [[0.114, 0.741, 0.885, 0.809]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 456, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "·The model usesxcc$x_{\\text {concept}}$to decode semantic content, such as anatomical structures like chamber walls, blood pools, and valves,while$x_{\\text {style}}$is used to particularize local textures, shadows and speckles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17500000, "bbox": [[0.16, 0.825, 0.884, 0.854]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 457, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "·With ConceptVAE, synthetic data can be generated by modifying only textures and speckles while retaining anatomical structures.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17600000, "bbox": [[0.161, 0.861, 0.881, 0.869], [0.175, 0.874, 0.322, 0.881]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 458, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This allows for the generation of novel samples that can serve as style augmentations without modifying the content, potentially enhancing the training performance of dense downstream models,such as those used for segmentation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, 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From the second column to the right,$\\beta$ values are 0 (unaltered reconstruction), 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6, respectively.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17800000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.301, 0.885, 0.33]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 12, "global_sentence_id": 472, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17900000, "bbox": [[0.192, 0.351, 0.344, 0.446]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 13, "global_sentence_id": 473, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17900000, "bbox": [[0.351, 0.353, 0.502, 0.446]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 14, "global_sentence_id": 474, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17900000, "bbox": [[0.504, 0.352, 0.654, 0.446]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 15, "global_sentence_id": 475, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17900000, "bbox": [[0.654, 0.35, 0.808, 0.446]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 16, "global_sentence_id": 476, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17900000, "bbox": [[0.192, 0.451, 0.344, 0.545]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 17, "global_sentence_id": 477, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17900000, "bbox": [[0.351, 0.451, 0.502, 0.545]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 18, "global_sentence_id": 478, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17900000, "bbox": [[0.503, 0.451, 0.65, 0.545]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 19, "global_sentence_id": 479, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "figure", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 17900000, "bbox": [[0.655, 0.451, 0.808, 0.545]]}]}, "tags": ["figure"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 20, "global_sentence_id": 480, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Figure 8: Reconstructed images with unaltered$x_{\\text {style}}$(left) alongside three reconstructions with constant noise level $\\beta =0.3.$. Each noisy reconstruction uses different noise,$\\sim \\mathcal {N}(\\mathbf {0},I$,as described in Equation (7).", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18000000, "bbox": [[0.115, 0.554, 0.885, 0.582]]}]}, "tags": ["figure_caption"], "label": "figure_title", "web_segment_id": 21, "global_sentence_id": 481, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "The samples generated with ConceptVAE remain within the original data distribution, and thus can serve as a more calibrated augmentation method.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.616, 0.881, 0.626], [0.117, 0.633, 0.335, 0.64]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 482, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In contrast, classical transformations such as rotations and blurring may generate data points with appearances not observed in the initial distribution (e.g., unnatural rotations or texture changes).Ultrasound medical imaging inherently introduces noise in video acquisitions in the form of pixel speckles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.335, 0.633, 0.882, 0.639], [0.117, 0.646, 0.882, 0.653], [0.117, 0.658, 0.82, 0.667]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 483, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Concept-VAE simulates the effect of different realizations of echocardiography-specific noise, producing images that reflect this variability.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.82, 0.658, 0.882, 0.664], [0.118, 0.672, 0.884, 0.686], [0.118, 0.687, 0.217, 0.694]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 484, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Given the large variability between acquisitions and patients in ultrasound imaging [49], the proposed method can potentially improve the robustness of the models on downstream tasks.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18100000, "bbox": [[0.217, 0.687, 0.88, 0.694], [0.118, 0.701, 0.659, 0.708]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 22, "global_sentence_id": 485, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "6 Conclusions", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18200000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.741, 0.248, 0.751]]}]}, "tags": ["title"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 23, "global_sentence_id": 486, "edu_l1_label": "BOS"}, {"txt": "We present ConceptVAE, a novel SSL framework designed to learn disentangled representations of 2D cardiac ul-trasound images.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18300000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.776, 0.882, 0.783], [0.118, 0.792, 0.231, 0.798]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 487, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "This method involves converting input embeddings into a set of discrete concepts and associated continuous styles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18300000, "bbox": [[0.231, 0.792, 0.881, 0.799], [0.117, 0.806, 0.234, 0.812]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 24, "global_sentence_id": 488, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Through multiple qualitative and quantitative analyses, we demonstrate that ConceptVAE captures anatomical infor-mation within concepts vectors and local textures within the style vectors, thereby achieving disentanglement.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18400000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.824, 0.882, 0.83], [0.117, 0.84, 0.853, 0.847]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 489, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For example, by qualitatively analysing the concept maps, we observe the method is able to specialise certain concepts to independent anatomical structures such as blood pools or septum walls.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18400000, "bbox": [[0.853, 0.84, 0.88, 0.847], [0.117, 0.854, 0.881, 0.86], [0.118, 0.866, 0.584, 0.879]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 25, "global_sentence_id": 490, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "These properties prove beneficial for several downstream applications, including region-based instance retrieval, object detection, and synthetic data generation.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18500000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.886, 0.882, 0.895], [0.117, 0.901, 0.381, 0.909]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 26, "global_sentence_id": 491, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "footer", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18600000, "bbox": [[0.492, 0.938, 0.509, 0.947]]}]}, "tags": ["footer"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 27, "global_sentence_id": 492, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "header", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18600000, "bbox": [[0.169, 0.045, 0.829, 0.058]]}]}, "tags": ["header"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 1, "global_sentence_id": 493, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "Specifically, we provide empirical evidence that ConceptVAE outperforms traditional SSL methods like Vicreg in region-based instance retrieval, OOD detection, semantic segmentation, and object detection.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18600000, "bbox": [[0.117, 0.094, 0.881, 0.104], [0.118, 0.111, 0.732, 0.117]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 494, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Moreover, the method shows promising results in generating synthetic data samples that reflect the original data distribution and preserve anatomical concepts while varying styles.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18600000, "bbox": [[0.732, 0.111, 0.882, 0.117], [0.117, 0.124, 0.881, 0.131], [0.117, 0.138, 0.39, 0.144]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 2, "global_sentence_id": 495, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "For future work, we propose to apply the method to a broader range of medical image modalities.", "language": "english", 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"position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18700000, "bbox": [[0.419, 0.186, 0.881, 0.193], [0.117, 0.201, 0.881, 0.206], [0.118, 0.212, 0.189, 0.22]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 498, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "Furthermore, we plan to test and extend our method to 3D data, which is prevalent in medical imaging,but adds another level of complexity both for pre-training and for concept identification.", "language": "english", "position": {"pdf_position": [{"page_number": 0, "shape": [1650, 1275], "position_id": 18700000, "bbox": [[0.189, 0.212, 0.882, 0.222], [0.118, 0.225, 0.7, 0.234]]}]}, "tags": ["text"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 3, "global_sentence_id": 499, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "In-depth analyses of disen-tangled representations may also reveal other properties such as enhanced interpretability and explainability, opening promising avenues for future 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"希望这是一份让游客吃出精髓，同时也能说服挑剔老广的可靠榜单。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4013, "txt": "希望这是一份让游客吃出精髓，同时也能说服挑剔老广的可靠榜单。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[1]/section[13]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 45, "global_sentence_id": 9, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "循例，每家上榜的店，都符合以下条件：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4015, "txt": "循例，每家上榜的店，都符合以下条件：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[1]/section[15]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 46, "global_sentence_id": 10, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "● 好吃且深有特色。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4017, "txt": "●", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[1]/section[17]/span/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 4019, "txt": " 好吃且深有特色。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[1]/section[17]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": 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"edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "）", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4041, "txt": "）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[4]/span[2]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 51, "global_sentence_id": 17, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "❗️例牌声明：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4043, "txt": "❗️例牌声明：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[6]/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 52, "global_sentence_id": 18, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "1、所有餐厅均是自费食评，和文中店家没有任何利益关联。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4045, "txt": "1、所有餐厅均是自费食评，和文中店家没有任何利益关联。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 53, "global_sentence_id": 19, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": 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"精细与朴实的地道之味", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4053, "txt": "精细与朴实的地道之味", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[2]/section[3]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title1", "web_segment_id": 57, "global_sentence_id": 23, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "01", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4055, "txt": "01", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[2]/section[5]/section[1]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 58, "global_sentence_id": 24, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "各有功底的牛杂店，三家", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4057, "txt": "各有功底的牛杂店，三家", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[2]/section[5]/section[2]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 59, "global_sentence_id": 25, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, 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"虽说所有牛杂都是共炖一锅，但不同部位口感各异，其实下食材的先后次序和炖煮时长是有讲究的。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4106, "txt": "虽说所有牛杂都是共炖一锅，但不同部位口感各异，其实下食材的先后次序和炖煮时长是有讲究的。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[2]/section[17]/section[12]/section/section/section/section[2]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 45, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "如果一家牛杂每一个部位都是同样的绵软，那是偷懒的表现。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4108, "txt": "如果一家牛杂每一个部位都是同样的绵软，那是偷懒的表现。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[2]/section[17]/section[12]/section/section/section/section[2]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 76, "global_sentence_id": 46, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "这档就处理得很细致，例如金钱肚，煮得入味之余，还保有回弹的口感；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4110, "txt": "这档就处理得很细致，例如金钱肚，煮得入味之余，还保有回弹的口感；", "x": 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"language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 305, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/269ZCK47s6maXNAGE3r928r.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[2]/section[17]/section[16]/span/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 78, "global_sentence_id": 50, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "肉4元一份，素3元一份，实惠感人的街坊价。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4115, "txt": "肉4元一份，素3元一份，实惠感人的街坊价。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[2]/section[17]/section[17]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 79, "global_sentence_id": 51, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "广州浓汤派牛杂也有的，主要是吃牛三星，我们吃得最长情的是这家容意发。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4117, "txt": "广州浓汤派牛杂也有的，主要是吃牛三星，我们吃得最长情的是这家", "x": 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"广州可以吃到猪肠的小店众多，而我们认为最宝藏的一家，是隐藏于居民区小巷里的", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[7]/section[1]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 4135, "txt": "猪肠仔", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[7]/section[1]/span[2]/span/strong"}, {"position_id": 4137, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[7]/section[1]/span[2]/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 87, "global_sentence_id": 59, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "猪肠选材优秀，除了有饱满的肥膏，炖煮得软滑，还愿意做猪肠中更贵的部位大肠头（量不多，迟来可能吃不到），更丰腴且有嚼头，酱汁的调味也很平衡，香而不咸，方方面面都很优秀。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4139, "txt": "猪肠选材优秀，除了有饱满的肥膏，炖煮得软滑，还愿意做猪肠中更贵的部位大肠头", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[7]/section[3]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 4141, "txt": "（量不多，迟来可能吃不到）", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[7]/section[3]/span[2]"}, 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"x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[22]/section[6]/section[11]/span[1]/strong"}, {"position_id": 4200, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[22]/section[6]/section[11]/span[1]/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 111, "global_sentence_id": 86, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "肉眼可见的虾米不少，而且还是事先炸香过的虾米，再撒上葱花酱油，配上咸香的特调酱油，生香之余，还有细细碎碎的脆感，令人感叹的儿时味道。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4202, "txt": "肉眼可见的虾米不少，而且还是事先炸香过的虾米，再撒上葱花酱油，配上咸香的特调酱油，生香之余，还有细细碎碎的脆感，令人感叹的儿时味道。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[22]/section[6]/section[11]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 111, "global_sentence_id": 87, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/2fSPiA359NRl420qnl20vqRN.webp", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": 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"如此朴素，前期后期都没什么藏拙空间，更能彰显功力，是煲仔饭界的大道至简。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4406, "txt": "如此朴素，", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[7]/span/strong[1]"}, {"position_id": 4408, "txt": "前期后期都没什么藏拙空间，更能彰显功力，是煲仔饭界的大道至简", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[7]/span/strong[2]"}, {"position_id": 4410, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[7]/span/strong[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 193, "global_sentence_id": 182, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/48yodq11RL4X3SLugR1uQYvr.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 936, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/48yodq11RL4X3SLugR1uQYvr.jpeg", "x": 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"content", "web_segment_id": 195, "global_sentence_id": 185, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "但最厉害的还是口感，鱼肉刚刚断生，还保有鲜活的香气，一梭梭的肉间嫩滑带汁，没有粘连一粒米，饭面还是干爽的，证明下鱼片的时机把握相当好，熟度靠的不是火力，而是饭面的温度与蒸汽。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4417, "txt": "但最厉害的还是口感，鱼肉刚刚断生，还保有鲜活的香气，一梭梭的肉间嫩滑带汁，没有粘连一粒米，饭面还是干爽的，证明下鱼片的时机把握相当好，熟度靠的不是火力，而是饭面的温度与蒸汽。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[13]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 196, "global_sentence_id": 186, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/31JFBkI2Zzo11vr41Qbbgq.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 953, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/31JFBkI2Zzo11vr41Qbbgq.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[15]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 197, "global_sentence_id": 187, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "也多说一嘴失败的鱼腩煲仔饭三宗罪：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4419, "txt": "也多说一嘴失败的鱼腩煲仔饭三宗罪：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 198, "global_sentence_id": 188, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "要么过熟口感粗柴；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4420, "txt": "要么过熟口感粗柴；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 198, "global_sentence_id": 189, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "要么不新鲜无鱼味还带腥；", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4421, "txt": "要么不新鲜无鱼味还带腥；", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 198, "global_sentence_id": 190, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "要么下锅时间过早，鱼肉浸在饭中，一下子和米粒糊在一起。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4422, "txt": "要么下锅时间过早，鱼肉浸在饭中，一下子和米粒糊在一起。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[16]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 198, "global_sentence_id": 191, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "也吃过招牌四宝煲仔饭、冬菇肉饼煲仔饭、咸鱼花肉煲仔饭，都很好吃。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4424, "txt": "也吃过招牌四宝煲仔饭、", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[18]/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 4426, "txt": "冬菇肉饼煲仔饭、咸鱼花肉煲仔饭，都很好吃。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[18]/span[1]"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 199, "global_sentence_id": 192, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "还很欣赏老板的坚持。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4428, "txt": "还很欣赏老板的坚持。", "x": 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"tags": ["img", "strong"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 206, "global_sentence_id": 200, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "但个人更欣赏的，是这道川椒滑鸡煲仔饭。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4448, "txt": "但个人更欣赏的，是这道", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[31]/span/span[1]"}, {"position_id": 4450, "txt": "川椒滑鸡煲仔饭", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[31]/span/strong"}, {"position_id": 4452, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[31]/span/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 207, "global_sentence_id": 201, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "它吃起来有股鲜辣，却不过于冲击，组出来的香气复合，吃得出有香辛辅料和好油的助力，整体有层次，连带滑鸡也充分入味，入口有别样鲜跳。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4453, "txt": "它吃起来有股鲜辣，却不过于冲击，组出来的香气复合，吃得出有香辛辅料和好油的助力，整体", "x": 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"x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[96]/span[2]"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 248, "global_sentence_id": 249, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3AQrG40ibuZZKn9A2MK38Y.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1225, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3AQrG40ibuZZKn9A2MK38Y.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[98]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 249, "global_sentence_id": 250, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "其实不是层数越多越好，其中的手艺点还在于师傅压挞皮的力度，不能太用力，也不能太轻，而是要用恰到好处的阴力，才能压出质素高的挞皮。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4573, "txt": "其实不是层数越多越好，其中的手艺点还在于师傅压挞皮的力度，不能太用力，也不能太轻，而是要用恰到好处的阴力，才能压出质素高的挞皮。", "x": 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"几平方的小店，就能买到湛江鸡、杏花鸡、阳山鸡、广宁鸡、怀集鸡、清远鸡和文昌鸡等。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4743, "txt": "几平方的小店，就能买到湛江鸡、杏花鸡、阳山鸡、广宁鸡、怀集鸡、清远鸡和文昌鸡等。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[170]/section[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 320, "global_sentence_id": 326, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1IYAae2dpYrR3BPJkP2CCkjd.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 1611, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1IYAae2dpYrR3BPJkP2CCkjd.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[170]/section[9]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 321, "global_sentence_id": 327, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "鸡的摆放按玻璃上标注的鸡种划分，来晚了，有些鸡种已经售完啦。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4745, "txt": "鸡的摆放按玻璃上标注的鸡种划分，来晚了，有些鸡种已经售完啦。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[170]/section[10]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 322, "global_sentence_id": 328, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "每一种鸡肉的紧致程度、鸡味风格都略有不同。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4747, "txt": "每一种鸡肉的紧致程度、鸡味风格都略有不同。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[171]/section[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 323, "global_sentence_id": 329, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "最神的，还有师傅手起撕鸡，手落拌酱，举盘翻搅的一套回旋掌，如看高手过招，三两下就让鸡肉裹上自家秘制的汁酱，咸香十足。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4749, "txt": "最神的，还有师傅手起撕鸡，手落拌酱，举盘翻搅的一套回旋掌，如看高手过招，三两下就让鸡肉裹上自家秘制的汁酱，咸香十足。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[171]/section[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 324, 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"language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4753, "txt": "因为胜记是当地手撕鸡的出名品牌，许多手撕鸡店都会叫自己“胜记”，大家请认准", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[172]/section[2]/span"}, {"position_id": 4755, "txt": "胜记万利烧腊", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[172]/section[2]/span/strong"}, {"position_id": 4757, "txt": "这个名字，看准文末的地址，不要去错店家哦。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[172]/section[2]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 326, "global_sentence_id": 333, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "04", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 4759, "txt": "04", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[9]/section[34]/section[173]/section[2]/span/strong/span"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "title2", "web_segment_id": 327, "global_sentence_id": 334, "edu_l1_label": 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"入口先品到浓郁的牛油香气，随着咀嚼，会慢慢涌上一股奶味，非常神奇！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[133]/section[3]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 686, "global_sentence_id": 758, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/28YZ8Y1BK2k33DwzzV3n6XnQ.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3492, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/28YZ8Y1BK2k33DwzzV3n6XnQ.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[134]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 687, "global_sentence_id": 759, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "如果人数少，建议点牛杂或猪杂拼盘，就能一次性多试几种部位，real贴心了。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5642, "txt": "如果人数少，建议点牛杂或猪杂拼盘，就能一次性多试几种部位，real贴心了。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[135]/section[2]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 688, "global_sentence_id": 760, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4qOt3k1gFKl613KH7z2X2QZ6.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3502, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4qOt3k1gFKl613KH7z2X2QZ6.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[136]/section/section/section/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 689, "global_sentence_id": 761, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "另一种老广挚爱的火锅，就要数鸡煲和羊煲，我们常去这家老字号百家熟食店。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5644, "txt": "另一种老广挚爱的火锅，就要数鸡煲和羊煲，我们常去这家老字号", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[137]/section[2]/span"}, {"position_id": 5646, "txt": "百家熟食店。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[137]/section[2]/span/strong"}]}, "tags": ["strong"], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 690, "global_sentence_id": 762, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "羊腩煲、清远鸡煲都是一绝，至今还保留着传统炭炉火锅形式。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5648, "txt": "羊腩煲、清远鸡煲都是一绝，至今还保留着传统炭炉火锅形式。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[137]/section[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 691, "global_sentence_id": 763, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "最红的时候，排队的人挤满大半条街。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5649, "txt": "最红的时候，排队的人挤满大半条街。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[137]/section[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 691, "global_sentence_id": 764, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/4fSrwx124Zgi2lhBE81xLQOW.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3516, "txt": "<img 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"IOS"}, {"txt": "大家或许不知道，广州的传统糕饼虽然没有确切的官方统计数量，但从整体广式点心的范畴，通常认为有超过 1000 种！", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5729, "txt": "大家或许不知道，广州的传统糕饼虽然没有确切的官方统计数量，但从整体广式点心的范畴，通常认为有超过 1000 种！", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[157]/section[7]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 735, "global_sentence_id": 810, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "而广州几乎每一条街道，都至少拥有一家以上的自烘焙老饼铺，全日出产几块的小糕小饼，这些小点，日常可当零食，送礼手信也不礼，快速总结一下可以光顾的店家。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5731, "txt": "而广州几乎每一条街道，都至少拥有一家以上的自烘焙老饼铺，全日出产几块的小糕小饼，这些小点，日常可当零食，送礼手信也不礼，快速总结一下可以光顾的店家。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[157]/section[9]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 736, "global_sentence_id": 811, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/45H5qI2WZFaB2Ko42d1kk5AY.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": 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"外层是卷得疏松的芋丝，内层是绵滑的芋蓉，入口咔呲咔呲如薯片，芋丝应声乱飞弹落，整个过程很动感。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5800, "txt": "外层是卷得疏松的芋丝，内层是绵滑的芋蓉，入口咔呲咔呲如薯片，芋丝应声乱飞弹落，整个过程很动感。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[157]/section[42]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 753, "global_sentence_id": 830, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3tDNY03JEOeT454n0i3F8FNc.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3817, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/3tDNY03JEOeT454n0i3F8FNc.jpeg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[157]/section[44]/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "figure", "web_segment_id": 754, "global_sentence_id": 831, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "◎炸的时候既要薄薄的芋丝酥脆不油，又要芋蓉软糯不硬，其实颇有技巧。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5802, "txt": 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756, "global_sentence_id": 834, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "这家的糕，几乎没有一样会踩坑。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5806, "txt": "这家的糕，几乎没有一样会踩坑。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[159]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 757, "global_sentence_id": 835, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "例如萝卜糕、芋头糕、芝麻糕、红豆糕、马蹄糕。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5807, "txt": "例如萝卜糕、芋头糕、芝麻糕、红豆糕、马蹄糕。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[159]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 757, "global_sentence_id": 836, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1VnD5X1MA1G13wKSdD15FWZd.jpeg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3828, "txt": "<img https://wcd-image-bucket-test.oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/raw/1VnD5X1MA1G13wKSdD15FWZd.jpeg", "x": 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847, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "关于广州的传统糕饼，我们也写过一期详细介绍，具体可点这篇。", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5837, "txt": "关于广州的传统糕饼，我们也写过一期详细介绍，具体可点", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[170]/span"}, {"position_id": 5839, "txt": "这篇", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[170]/span/a"}, {"position_id": 5841, "txt": "。", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[170]/span/a"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 768, "global_sentence_id": 848, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "除了上榜的餐厅外，我们也一直致力于挖掘广州的市民米其林们，主打一众平靓正的餐厅小店，可以配合一起享用：", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5843, "txt": "除了上榜的餐厅外，我们也一直致力于挖掘广州的市民米其林们，主打一众平靓正的餐厅小店，可以配合一起享用：", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[172]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "content", "web_segment_id": 769, "global_sentence_id": 849, "edu_l1_label": "IOS"}, {"txt": "平靓正餐厅第一弹～", "language": 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"label": "O", "web_segment_id": 778, "global_sentence_id": 859, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "图、文 - Sun Sun / 编辑 - mmr", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5858, "txt": "图、文 - Sun Sun / 编辑 - mmr", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[184]/section[4]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 779, "global_sentence_id": 860, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "后期 - 大桴 / 设计 - 毛毛虫虫", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5860, "txt": "后期 - 大桴 / 设计 - 毛毛虫虫", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[184]/section[5]/span"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "author", "web_segment_id": 780, "global_sentence_id": 861, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": "<img https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ibLgUdQXiaIVRbWtATDgEW0ziacawbXsrHAApwksvQ3voCTQrAJSJMkOsSnFw5LcWEHxeGsLKXJvDCvFGr7ceakfg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 3934, "txt": "<img https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ibLgUdQXiaIVRbWtATDgEW0ziacawbXsrHAApwksvQ3voCTQrAJSJMkOsSnFw5LcWEHxeGsLKXJvDCvFGr7ceakfg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg", "x": "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/section[185]/section/img"}]}, "tags": ["img"], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 781, "global_sentence_id": 862, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}, {"txt": " 企鹅吃喝指南 ", "language": "chinese", "position": {"atoms": [{"position_id": 5862, "txt": "\n 企鹅吃喝指南 ", "x": "/html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div/div/div[2]/div/div"}]}, "tags": [], "label": "O", "web_segment_id": 799, "global_sentence_id": 863, "edu_l1_label": "EDU_O"}], "type": "WEB"}	# 广州年度吃喝指南，2025版。 ## 🍢10元级市井小吃精细与朴实的地道之味 ### 01 各有功底的牛杂店，三家 @肥记牛杂、江南西牛杂、容意发牛杂店 ### 02 猪杂界的宝藏店 @猪肠仔风味店 ### 03 独沽一味的鲜鸡杂店 @鸡什猪红 ### 04 风格各异的肠粉店，三家 @华记石磨肠粉、六记肠粉、云桂面店 ### 04 老广依赖的汤汤水水，两家 @信行丰炖品皇、上膳汤水 ## 🍜碳水暴击各种吃不厌的粉面 ### 01 标致地道的广府面，两家 @恩宁刘福记、虾籽记 ### 02 深受认可的一碗细粉 @一品为先食得好 ### 03 最炫技一份捞河粉 @文记河粉 ### 04 最足料纯正的濑粉 @合兴小食店 ## 再一波碳水花小钱，吃点精细的饭 ### 01 好吃的煲仔饭，万里挑三 @两味煲仔饭、香港庙街煲仔饭、囍和煲仔饭 ### 02 独步全城的肥叉砵仔饭 @汶记美食店 ## 🥧各种咸甜糕点丰富美味价廉 ### 01 不输餐厅的传统点心小店 @祥兴传统煎饺·砵仔芋头糕 ### 02 酥皮蛋挞的头部选手 @清心鸡蛋挞皇·酥皮蛋挞 ### 03 真⦁诚恳鸡蛋仔 @诚诚恳恳鸡蛋仔 ### 04 各有风格的钵仔糕，两家 @步步糕昇钵仔糕、歪歪钵仔糕 ### 05 几近式微的手工斋烧鹅 @菜根香嫡系斋卤味 ## 🐖几间烧味小店必吃肉肉绝品 ### 01 城中斩料烧鹅首选 @永兴烧腊 ### 02 入味香滑的豉油鸡 @喜喜豉油鸡专门店 ### 03 手撕鸡的技术型选手 @胜记万利烧腊店 ### 04 打遍烧肉界无敌手 @森成美食店 ## 🍨沁人心脾糖水铺传统新派俱备 ### 01 细节出挑的糖水铺，2家 @沙湾姜埋奶、张仨甜品 ### 02 百年历史的猪脚姜 @耕田公 ## 🥢各有所长的实力粤菜馆丰俭由人 ### 01 细水长流的老广风味尤以海鲜见开 @信记海鲜饭店 #### 信记的打开方式一：是以丰富做法见长的海鲜，烹调手法就有十多种可选。 #### 信记的打开方式二：一些熟客才知道的预订菜，都是功夫。 ### 02 讲究且深有功架还能吃到一堆尖货 @佬佬餐厅 #### 初阶吃法：一些常见菜，吃这里的精细化表达。 #### 进阶吃法：各种咸淡水尖货与功夫菜，刷新食物见识。 ### 03 一煲老火汤独步全城附带一堆隐藏菜单 @南围村大排档 ### 04 富豪饭堂的隐藏菜单 @雅苑餐厅 ### 05 几近式微的水乡菜要趁早也要赶巧 @腰记饭店 ### 06 始终是冠绝全城的啫啫神店 @惠食佳 ### 07 几乎没有短版的精致粤菜馆 @广御轩 ### 08 粤西风味精致粤菜 @悦景轩 ## 🥧广式早茶点心有大众，也有精致 ### 01 精致饮茶之选，两家 @利苑、花城苑 ### 02 系出同门的利苑平替 @悦满堂 ## 🌙名厨富豪都光顾的宵夜好店 ### 01 新晋富豪饭堂 @同福·尚品轩 ### 02 潮汕宵夜精致好店 @头家夜粥 ### 03 独一家的清远食材大排档 @够姜大排档 ## 🐦单一品类小神店值得专程一试 ### 01 鸽子吃法大包围仅此一家 @富鸽天下 ### 02 广州人对火锅的审美全浓缩在这两家店里 @ 顺德松记食店 @ 百家熟食店 ## 🧋也不能错过这些茶饮店 ### 01 全城最佳港式茶饮 @赏饮·WILL TEA ### 02 低调实力柠檬茶档 @孖烟通·茶档 ## 🥮一堆好吃传统糕饼地道手信，送礼合意 ### 01 一口脆屑纷飞的蛋卷 @蛋卷王 ### 02 传统广式糕饼小点，6家 @纯心饼屋、国强饼店、明华饼店、萝卜糕、珩记、连姐老广味

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